1960 3 in the 1920'S, Concrete Mortar Was Pasted Over the Entire Walls and Ceiling

:`^" .,,. .,~ .. y , ~ „~ ~, w~ . - -- r,.,.e:: ~ :,,. - r

a~ ~.,.~,. . _ ~ .~ . ~K., w~~ .. ..~

r. ,~,:.~ s~ 'M~~ ~s ~ II ~..~ ,.~ ~~ • ~ i ,N~s ,.

~~~~~~

'~• ~ " traffic moving from State Sign Roufe 89, lower left, into Squaw Valley in February during Winter Olympics of 7960. Squaw Peak is peak farthest left, Ki-22 is to the Left and below it. Two sections of Navy's compacted snow parking area are nearly ~Iled with cars, another at right center about half filled. Games area ~5 concentrated beyond parking spaces. Roaci along right side of valley is for o~cial cars and local residents—cars are entering pt left on compacted snow road• See story on Olympics tragic on page 35. California Hig hwa Y s a,nd Public Works Official Journal of the Division of Highways, Department of Public Works, State of California

Vol. 39 March-April Nos. 3-4 CONTENTS Page StateGrowth ------2- Crossroads------3

By Loren Barnett, Construction Engineer,District VIII U.S. 50 FreewaY ------$

By L. M. Petersen, Design Engineer,District IV Conference ------10 Webster St. Tube 11 ------—------

By P. E. Parker, Senior Bridge Engineerand H. J. Whitlock, Senior

Electrical Engineer Freeways in District IV ______13 By P. J. Sinclair, Assistant Slate Highway Engineer Hatchet Mountain ------33 By Robert J. Felton, Construction Engineerand Wesley W. Jones,

ResidentEngineer,District II Olympics Traffic ------35

By Alan S. Hart, District Engineer,District III

Data Processing _, - _---_--___-_-_------__-_-- 39

By F. M. Reynolds, Planning Highway Survey Engineer KernCounty ------43 ------By William Canessa, Deputy County Road Commissioner OregonTrail ------45 By Melvin E. Dale, Trinity County Road Commissioner and A. A. Powers, FRONT COVER Siskiyou County Road Commissioner UPPER—A landscaped portion of the Nimitz Freeway Red Roek Canyon 47 through an industrialized area in the City of Oakland. ------By C. E. Forbes, Resident Engineer, Foreground is planted District IX with pyracantha and redwoods. Profilograph LOWER—Landscaping at fhe Pleasant Hill Road -2 ------51 inter- By Francis N. Hveem, Materials and Research Engineer change on Stafe Sign Route 24 between Oakland and Bridge Costs V✓alnut Creek. Rows of plants in the foreground are ------59

Monterey pines and California holly which will form both By H. K. Mauzy, Senior Bridge Engineerand W. J. Yusavage, Assistant an attractive and effective traffic noise deterrent screen. Research Technician Photos above and below by Jack Meyerpefer. PackMules ------61 By M. T. Tressidder, ResidentDistrict VI Engineer, Bridge Department ------70 Retirements William T. Rhodes -__---_-__--_-__-_-_-____-_-- 50 JohnW. Green ------63 List of Recent Retirements ______65 Obituaries InMemoriam ------65 Neilson W. Reese ______66

LESTER S. KORITZ, Editor STEWART MITCHELL, Associate Editor HELEN HALSTED, Assistant Editor JOHN C. ROBINSON, Assistant Editor MERRITT R. NICKERSON, Chief Photographer

Editors are invited fo use information contained herein and to request prints of any black and white photographs. .r Address communications to BACK COVER Installation of new large-size directional signs on the CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKS Walnut Creek Freeway Bypass. Fora description of this P. O. Box 1499 newly completed bypass see "Freeways in District IV" beginning on page 13 of this issue. SACRAMENTO 7, CALIFORNIA

2 2

Highways Highways California California Public Public and and Works

individuals; individuals;

they they influence influence what what our area area of of highway highway ...... planning, planning, Confinued Confinued Governor on on page page 66

present present

destinations destinations

of of multitudinous

state state and and local local jurisdictions jurisdictions in in the struction struction under under way way and and

contem-

the the present present points points

of of origin origin

the and and In In regard regard the the to to reconciliation reconciliation of vast vast "The "The scope scope highway highway

of of

con-

systems systems

are are more more than than between links links levels. ence:

highways highways our our

and and

other other

mass mass

transit munity munity life, life, both both at at the the state state and and welcome. welcome. Chrisman Chrisman local told told

the the confer-

"Finally, "Finally,

we we

understand understand must must

that

way way planning planning to to other other aspects aspects of of com- following following

Governor's Governor's the the

address address

area area but but

of of the the

State State

as as

a a

whole.

Third, Third, the the problem problem of of relating relating high- Visalia, Visalia, of of

was was

opening opening

the the

speaker

come. come. This This is is true true

not not

of of only only an

of of highway highway planning;

League League

of of California California Cities Cities

and and

mayor

the the

future future

of of that that area area

decades decades _for _for

state state and and local local jurisdictions jurisdictions in in the the area

Ira Ira Chrisman, Chrisman,

J. J.

president president

of of the

we we what what do do will will very very

likely likely

influence

Second, Second, the the problem problem of of reconciling

panel panel

its its had had

own own

chairman.

an an area area with with a a

network network

of of concrete,

of of transportation;

of of

the the conference, conference, but but

each each

discussion

a a community's community's

life. life.

As As we we

come come into

ropolitan ropolitan freeways freeways to to other other systems Public Public

Works, Works,

was was general general

chairman

necessarily necessarily impinges impinges

on on

all all phases phases

of First, First, the the problem problem of of relating relating met- Robert Robert

Bradford, Bradford,

B. B. Director Director

go go they they about about their their work work

and and play

mind mind in in three three basic basic problems:

Bradford Bradford Is Is

Chairman

of of ment ment large large groups groups of of people people as that that in in calling calling the the conference conference he he had

efforts efforts our our to to cope cope the the with with move- Governor Governor Brown Brown told told the the relationships relationships delegates prevail." that that

"Second, "Second,

we we must must recognize recognize

that

already already the the day good good working -day -day -to

Problems Problems

Outlined

freeways.

conferences conferences this this further as as such such will will

err3brace err3brace

than than more more highways highways and is is it it virtually virtually a a condition condition of of survival." more more be be can can achieved. achieved. am am that sure sure I I

"First, "First,

our our transportation transportation plans plans must ing ing ahead ahead takes takes new new on on a a dimension; said, said, he he "but "but convinced convinced I I am am that that still

proceed? in in this this dynamic, dynamic, growing growing State, State, look- operate operate co- with with jurisdictions," local local

is is

task task monumental. monumental. How How shall shall we "Also, "Also, we we never never must must forget forget that, division division way way and and ready ready are are willing willing to

tions tions

the the about about future future are are the valid, valid, plan plan transportation transportation our our facilities. "I "I the the that that know know heads heads of of our our high-

delegates. delegates. "And," "And," he he said, said, projec- "if "if looking looking the the at at whole whole picture picture as as we sulted.

welcoming welcoming

approximately approximately the the 200 to to say say we we that that be be must must sure sure we we are and and interests interests local local that that be be must must con-

Governor Governor said said G. G. Edmund Edmund Brown Brown in the the pattern pattern our our of of lives. lives. say say To To this this is have have profound profound impact impact a a local local on on areas,

"Clearly, "Clearly, have have we we to to work work do," positive positive conditioning conditioning force force shaping in in highway highway day's day's systems systems are are bound bound to

will will They They be. be.

in in are, are, words, words, other other Highways Highways a had had recognized recognized that that to- Governor Governor Speaks

points points of of and and origin origin destination that that Brown Brown State State said said the the future Division Division of

highway highway state state system.

urban urban growth growth and and expansion expansion of of the

Works, Works, Public Public

who who was was general general conference. chairman chairman of of the the

3. 3. Goals Goals

1980 1980

for for

and and

beyond beyond

Sacramen}o, Sacramen}o, February February 24. 24. 23 23 Af Af and and the the is is right right B. B. Robert Robert Bradford, Bradford,

Direcior Direcior fhe fhe State State of of Department Department of

development. urban urban

nor's nor's Conference Conference on on California's California's Areas Areas Urban Urban and and }he }he State State Highway Highway Syslem Syslem held held in in the the Eaglet Eaglet Theater,

the the denl denl League League of of California California of of as as Cities, Cities, he he rostrum rostrum left left the the of of governmental governmental addressing addressing delegates delegates after after }o }o the the agencies agencies in in Gover- future

Governor Governor G. G. Edmund Edmund Brown Brown to to paused paused

wish wish

chaf chaf Ira Ira Chrisman Chrisman

J. J. (seated), (seated),

Mayor Mayor Visalia Visalia of of and and Presi- The The 2. 2. growing growing relationships inter -

and and the the California California highway highway system.

ning ning and and development development in in areas urban urban

1. 1. Present Present and and future future growth, growth, plan-

these these der der headings: major major

Theater, Theater, dealt dealt with with problems problems the the un-

The The conference, conference, held held in in the the Eaglet

17 17 million million motor motor vehicles vehicles 1980. in in

than than 31 31 million million people people and and more more than

lems lems of of a a state state have have expected expected to to more

explore explore approach approach an an future future to to prob-

growth growth and and motor motor vehicle vehicle and and use use to

current current problems problems of of exploding exploding urban

23 23 24. 24. and and They They undertook undertook to to study

way way System System Sacramento Sacramento in in February

nia's nia's Urban Urban Areas Areas and and the the High- State State

Governor's Governor's Conference Conference on on Califor-

neers neers and and others others participated participated in in the

administrative administrative officers, officers, highway highway engi-

CITY CITY and and county county planning planning officials,

Urban Urban Area Area Tragic Tragic Outlook

Governor's Governor's Conference Conference Studies ~~(~ ~ ~o~ (~ Completion of Two Major Connections JJ Joins Riverside, San Bernardino Freeways

By LOREN BARNETT, District Construction Engineer

REsinErrT Engineer calling Barricade Crews—Open Freeway!" f3C- 2NA2C~1 f~l O Rte, Lo ee Flowers falling on Resident Engi- ~ .~/rrowheod neer Tom Borman's car from the dedication ceremony on the overcrossing above were his signal to radio the standby crews to open the "missing link" of the San Bernardino Freeway. The flowers were dropped at the climax of a double ceremony that started earlier in the day when a "missing link" in the Riverside Free- way was also dedicated. It was appropriate that these freeways should be dedicated jointly as, in addition to each being a "missing link" within its own freeway, the main San Bernardino and Riverside Freeways were also linked together (at the "crossroads" interchange just east of Colton). These freeways were connected ati night a few months before with two cranes hoisting prestressed concrete girders in place over existing traffic. During this operation, the light pre- dawn highway trafFc was interrupted less than 30 minutes at any one time. fic was still trying to cross near the Southward Extension The railroad was same point. bridged with no de- From this "crossroads," the newly lay to train traffic. The final phase to the solution of completed link of the Riverside Free- this entanglement was realized with Railroad Conflict way heads south, bridges the main the completion of the big three-level Southern Pacific Railroad line, and ex- This smooth operation was in sharp "crossroads" interchange. tends out across the historic Cooley contrast to an important traffic con- This massive interchange has been Ranch—one of the few rural farm- nection in 1883 when the California appropriately referred to as the lands remaining in this area. It slices Southern Railroad (now Santa Fe) "Crossroads of the West," since the through the high bluff of Grand Ter- was bringing its line up from San following main highways converge at race, passes under the Santa Fe and Diego and attempting to cross the this location: Union Pacific Railroads, and, at the pioneer S.P.R.R. at Colton. U.S. Highway 395, San Diego Riverside county line, ties into the A tussle ensued between the to two Canada previously constructed portion of the railroads. The S.P. placed a heavy en- Riverside US 99, Calexico to Canada Expressway that carries the gine at the point of crossing, but was traffic on into Riverside. finally compelled US 91, Long Beach to Canada to move the loco- by This freeway is a typical rural free- motive way of Las Vegas and to save it from demolition. Great way design with widespread inter- Falls (Records indicate the S.P. finally changes, each covering considerable aided in laying the disputed tracks.} US 70, North Carolina to the, Pa- acreage. From this initial crossing grew an cific Ocean An unusual problem was encoun- intolerable entanglement of railroad State Highway 18, Long Beach to tered on this project in providing pro- and highway traffic. Over 70 years Victorville via the San Bernar-> tection for an existing utility. The later, a tremendously increased vol- dino Mountains and the Mojave planned freeway passed over an old ume of cross-country and local traf- Desert water tunnel which was first con-

IVlarch-April 1960 3 In the 1920's, concrete mortar was pasted over the entire walls and ceiling. The problem was to provide a new support to 530 feet of this tunnel without reducing the water-carrying capacity. The solution was an arched corrugated metal tunnel liner with pressure grout filling the voids between the liner and old walls, and air-blown mortar placed on the inside of the liner to provide a smoother flow. Not Much Headroom Placing the tunnel liner and concrete with only approximately four and one-half feet of headroom posed a problem that could not be solved with normal construction methods and equipment. The contractor for this work, N. M. Saliba Company, tried several methods of getting the concrete back into the tunnel, including wheeling it by hand "buggies," by pumping, and by the use of a hopper mounted on a Dedecafion ceremony on the Ninfh Sfreef Overcrossing. Left fo right are: Millie Askew, who is Miss San monorail and propelled with a five- Bernardino; Mrs. Davida Godfrey, San Bernardino pioneer; and James A. Guthrie, member of fhe Cali- fornia Highway Commission. horsepower engine. The powered monorail unit was structed in the 1870's as part of a sys- The tunnel was originally supported found to be the most practical method tem .for transporting irrigation water with 6-inch by 8-inch redwood roof in transporting the concrete long dis- to the Riverside area. The tunnel was timbers resting on brick piers. It was tances into the tunnel. It was also used still in use and it was questionable lined with two-inch redwood planks to remove old concrete and to carry how long the lining would last, con- on the ceiling, four inches of con- the liner plate into the tunnel. sidering its age and makeshift concrete between piers on the walls, anc~ After the metal liner was bolted struction. three inches of concrete on the floor. into place, grout was forced in be-

Looking north from the 76th Street Interchange on the San Bernardino Freeway.

V1~orks 4 Califo►°nia Highways and Public A southward view from the 16th Street Interchange on the San Bernardino Freeway.

tween the old and new linings with a pumping unit set up in the tunnel. Air-blown mortar was applied to the inside of the corrugated liner with conventional pressure grouting equipment located outside of the tunnel pumping dry sand and cement through hoses to the site of the work in the tunnel, where it was uniformly mixed with water just prior to application. With this new smooth lining—even though reduced in section—the tunnel can now carry the same volume of water as it did with the old rough lining and with assurance that the tunnel will not collapse under the freeway. Freeway Connection The other "missing link" is north of the "crossroads" interchange. It is part of the San Bernardino Freeway and extends from the center of San Bernardino to the northerly city limits, where it ties onto the Barstow Freeway. It was also necessary to co-ordinate. the freeway with an existing railroad. Here, portions of two mainlines of the Santa Fe tracks were shifted to ease sharp curvature to accommodate minimum standards of a parallel freeway alongside. This freeway, in contrast to the Riverside link, is of urban-type development with more compact interchanges that utilize and tie into the city street system. An aerial view of the newly completed section of fhe San Bernardino Freeway.

March-April 1960 5 The funnel before conslrucfion. Note the brick piers in the walls. The ceil- The tunnel after it had been reconstructed. ing is covered with dirt-encrusted cobwebs.

Pouring the floor slab with a monorail unit. A crew placing the tunnel linar.

Forcing grout between the new and old tunnel lining. Applying air-blown mortar to the inside of the new tunnel lining.

An example of compactness is illus- had to be given to the design of the surrounding terrain by the transplant- trated by the condensed interchange ramps. The solution resulted in all but ing of existing ornamental trees.. On at the 16th Street area, where the rail- one ramp entering or leaving the free- the San Bernardino Freeway, a group roads, both freeway roadbeds, and. way from one side. It was possible to of old olive trees were transplanted three ramps all.,. blend together, with pr~uide separation from local traffic on a curve between the railroad and the 16th Street Overcrossing spanning for both the freeway` and railroad freeway. These trees served the dual the ~~hole network (see picture). with single overcrossings. purpose of ]andscaping and providinb With the freeway and railroads ly- A most effective method was used a shield from train headlight glare. ing adjacent, special consideration in blending these freeways into the On both of these freeway units, many

6 California Highways and Public Works "specimen" palm trees—some about 100 feet high—were transplanted into suitable settings at the interchanges. During construction of the San Ber- nardino link, a native pioneer lady, Airs. Grace Clark English, approached the resident engineer and told him of having carried water to a very small palm tree when she was a little girl. It had been brought to their place from Palm Canyon (near Palm Springs) in about 1884. With the development of the freeway, Nlrs. English moved to a new location adjacent to the freeway, but the palm tree had been left in the path of construction. She said she hoped her palm tree could be saved. An ideal setting for this palm tree developed at the Orange Street On- Ramp. It is no~v visible to the passing motorist as well as from the window cif Mrs. English's new home. She is again carrying water to help get her palm re-established. The San Bernardino Freeway is now complete as a divided highway, permitting a 125-mile nonstop trip from Los Angeles to Barstow. An aerial view of the "Cross Roads" Interchange east of Colton. The Riverside Freeway is no~v complete as a divided highway, permitting a 100-mile nonstop trip from Corona to Barstow. The dedication ceremonies cele- brating the completion of these freeways were planned co-operatively by the San Bernardino, Riverside, and Colton Chambers of Commerce. Un- der the general chairmanship of George W. Savage, the celebration `vas completed with a large reception and dinner at the National Orange Show. Many dignitaries attended the ceremonies, including the Director of Public Works, Robert B. Bradford; Governor Lic. Braulio Maldonado of Baja California; Highway Commis- sioners James A. Guthrie and A. T. Luddy; Representative Harry R. Sheppard; U.S. Senator Thomas H. Kuchel; and State Senator Stanford C. Shaw. With the completion of the "missing links" in the San Bernardino and Riverside Freeways, the giant "Cross- roads of the West" interchange is now rapidly and efficiently sorting a mix- ture of intercity, interstate, and inter- continental trafFic, and is discharging The north portion of the newly complefed section of the Riverside Freeway. a much happier motorist.

March-A~ri1 1960 ~

$ $

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

SNAFrER SNAFrER FREEN

LOCATION LOCATION GR01

PROPOSED

MAC MAC ARTHUR ARTHUR FREEWAY

Valley Valley

in in

three three 1955, units; units; January January in in 1959 the the Budget Budget -60 -60 and and second second the the to $100,000,000, $100,000,000, divided about about evenly evenly

structure structure tween tween the the and and two two Castro Route Route 228 228 projects projects at at financed financed in mile mile section section is is estimated estimated about be be to to

ects, ects, first first the the tween tween to to close close the the gap gap the the Bay Bay distribution be- Bridge Bridge The The total total 15.3- for for cost cost entire entire the the

000,000 000,000 construction construction its its

for for course. course.

proj- two two The The on on

adopted adopted route route was was be- cafes, cafes, motels motels trailer trailer and and courts.

The The -61 -61 1960 Arthur Arthur Budget Budget

includes includes Boulevard Boulevard $13,-

through through

much much of ducer, ducer, retail retail service service stations, stores, stores,

way way

since since

it it parallels parallels roughly roughly

Mac-

burlesque burlesque theater, theater, a a drink drink soft soft pro- Will Will Close Close Gap

is is

unofficially unofficially

MacArthur MacArthur

called called

Free-

tised. ever, ever, such such as as churches, churches, mortuaries, mortuaries, a

This This 15.3

-mile -mile

section section

US US of of

types types units units and and of of properties properties second second the the has has involved, involved, been been how- adver-

completion. multiple multiple been been units. units. opened opened There There the the are are on on first first many many of of other these

permit permit continued continued construction construction until ture ture Grand Grand although although Avenue Avenue Oakland. Oakland. many many in in of of them them have Bids Bids are

this this section section interstate interstate of of freeway freeway to parcels parcels Street Street required required from from and and are are residential residential Webster Webster Street Street in in na- to

sufficient sufficient funds funds be be will will provided provided on developed developed distribution distribution structure structure improved. improved. and and to to Most Most of of Market the

ley ley is is under under way. way. expected expected is is It It that The The 000,000 000,000 area area construction construction for for traversed traversed from from the fully is is nearly nearly

Oakland Oakland

Bridge Bridge Bay Bay

Castro Castro and and Val-

1959 The The -60 -60 includes includes budget budget $10,- for for a a length length about about 3.9 3.9 of of miles.

County County between between

Francisco- the the

San San

been been budgeted budgeted construction. for for tribution tribution structure structure Avenue and and 14th 14th

Interstate Interstate

Route Route

SW, SW,

Alameda

in in A A $23,000,000 $23,000,000 total total of of now has has freeway freeway between between the the Bridge Bridge Bay Bay dis-

the the construction construction

U.S. U.S. of of

Route Route 50, November November 1956 1956 and and December December 1958. projects projects will will provide provide an an -lane eight

fornia fornia Highway Highway

Commission Commission

hearings, local local authorities authorities involved involved between advertised advertised during during 1960. 1960. These These four

district district

public public

meetings meetings

two two and and Cali- were were negotiated negotiated tion tion the the with with several pected pected both both these these projects projects be will will

-of right -way -way

activity, activity,

including including two agreements agreements Freeway Freeway covering covering this this sec- Avenue Avenue

and and 14th 14th Avenue. Avenue. It It is is ex-

AFTER AFTER

many many

years years planning planning of of and 1957 1957 May May June June 1957, 1957, and and respectively. provide provide construction construction between between Grand

By By M. M. PETERSEN, PETERSEN, L. L. Engineer, Engineer, Design Design District District IV

MacArthur MacArthur Freeway Freeway in in Oakland

~~~~\~~ ~~~~\~~ State State Begins Begins Construction Construction on between construction and right-of- way. Right-of-way purchases began soon after the first section was adopted in 1955. Over $34,000,000 has been spent to date on right-of-way with an additional $9,400,000 budgeted. Out of some 2,100 parcels required, about 1,600 have now been purchased. Funds now programed are sufficient to purchase right-of-way for nearly

BORROW, EXCAVATION WORK COMBINED; SAVINGS RESULT The result of co-ordinated planning among several departments has been evident since work was started February 11, 1960, on the first unit of the MacArthur Freeway. The contractor, C. K. Moseman and Son, is excavating at the east portal site of the future third Broadway Tunnel bore. This excess material will considerably reduce the cost of constructing freeway embankments in the metropolitan area between the distribution structure and Mar- ket Street in Oakland. This borrow operation will continue through the next three contracts to provide the 350,000 cubic yards of embankment needed between separation structures extending to Broadway. Material is hauled through the existing tunnel and on the state highway during ofd-peak traffic periods. Subsequent con- Looking westerly across Oakland residential area from vicinity of Grand Avenue, showing right of way tracts, beginning at 14th Street, will clearance for proposed MacArthur Freeway. contain sufFicient excavation to bal- ance the grading beyond Broad- advanced way. age of many of the build- boretum and Park and requires some ings and scarcity of vacant properties revision of playground facilities of the in the area, it has been difficult to Lakeshore School on errand Avenue salvage even that amount. Some enter- in Oakland. A small portion of an all the remaining parcels required for prising contractors have moved houses EBMUD reservoir near Ardley the full 15.3-mile section. Ave- down to the bay and barged them up nue will have to be cut off and re- the San Joaquin River to the Stock- built. At Most Parcels Acquired all of these locations, an ton area. attempt is being made to provide a Nearly all the parcels have been The right-of-way purchase and minimum of disruption and a pleasing purchased on the portion for which clearance activities have been spread finished facility consistent with proper construction funds are now budgeted over several years to permit orderly freeway standards. between the distribution structure readjustment of residents and busi- and 14th Avenue, and about 90 per- nesses. On National System cent of this section has been cleared. In selecting the route for this free- Since this freeway is on the na- Easterly of 14th Avenue right-of-way way, an attempt was made to effect a tional system of interstate and defense negotiations are well advanced and minimum of disruption to public fa- highways, interstate design standards clearing is under way. Slightly less cilities such as schools, parks, etc. In are being maintained. Eight lanes are than half the improvements cleared to spite of this, the route crosses a por- to be constructed throughout with date have been moved and the re- tion of the City of Oakland's Lake- 60-mile-per-hour design speed pro- mainder demolished. Because of the shore Park and Knowland State Ar- ... Confinued on page 68 March-April 1960 E

10 10

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public ~lorks

regular regular

primarS~, primarS~,

secondary, secondary, and and urban ...Continued ...Continued on on 64 page page

system system

roads roads and and remainder remainder the the on on the books books point point to to federal federal the the highway

'5,800 '5,800

miles miles of of high- standard standard interstate the the writers writers political political of of science science text-

about about $R $R

billion. billion. This This includes includes nearly teamwork teamwork to to build build No No on. on. woneier

the the federal federal

aid aid system, system, at at long a a cost cost of - established established foundation foundation of of close

been been

constructed constructed across across America America could could on have have been been if if we we not not had had had had a

ways, ways,

including including 20,000 20,000 bridges, bridges, stopped stopped have think think to to what what a a struggle struggle it

way way Act Act over over 100,000 100,000 gressed miles miles of of —yet —yet high- very very few few of of us us have

"Since "Since the the into into passage passage of of effect effect 1956 1956 the the how how and and rapidly rapidly High- it it has has pro-

terstate terstate Highway Highway Program Program has has gone tations.

smoothly smoothly the the

accelerated accelerated

Federal Federal In- completions completions are are entirely entirely up up to to espec-

have have taken taken all all

for for granted granted

how s~~stems— planning, planning, construction, construction, and

California California Division Division

of of Highways. Highways.

We the the interstate interstate and and other other federal federal

aid

and and

various various the the

states, states, especially especially

the

plicit plicit in in dollar dollar and and mileage mileage figures figures

for

United United States States Bureau Bureau

Public Public of of

Roads

scope scope of of the the federal federal workload workload

is is im-

more more for for

than than 40 40

years years between between

the

record record the the speak. speak. The The

vastly vastly

increased

cited cited

"the "the

relationship relationship

that that has has existed

by by and and reputation. reputation. Suppose Suppose

also also

we we

let

Team Team Effort." Effort."

As As

one one example, example,

"I "I know know

you you by by personal personal

contact

"Transportation "Transportation

Planning Planning

Calls Calls

for

dedicated dedicated to to

public public the the

service.

Bradford Bradford spoke spoke on on the the

subject

Backsfrand Backsfrand

Stresses Stresses

Safety

tegrity tegrity and and ability ability and and perseverance

District.

City.

elite—

competent competent

experts experts

of of

high high

in-

San San Francisco Francisco Bay Bay

Area Area Rapid Rapid hearses hearses

Transit from from

I.os I.os

Angeles Angeles to to Salt Salt Lake

up up ELLIS ELLIS

a a L. L. very very ARMSTRONG ARMSTRONG special

Keneth Keneth

M. M.

Hoover, Hoover, chief chief

engineer, United United

States States ~~ould ~~ould make make a a line line of

ternity. ternity.

You You

make

Metropolitan Metropolitan

Transit Transit

Authority, Authority,

death death and

toll toll on on the the highways highways of of the

local local

highway highway

fra-

now now Executive Executive

Director, Director, Los Los

Angeles

highways highways

safer. safer. He He said said the the annual

counterparts counterparts

in in

the

Bradford, Bradford, Director Director ex-

C. C.

M. M. Gilliss,

confronting confronting

the the engineers engineers to to make make

the

partments partments

and and

the

Director Director

Public Public of of

Works Works Robert Robert

fornia, fornia,

and and discussed discussed the the great great

task

state state highway highway

de-

sion, sion,

addresses addresses were were made made

State by by

in in

allocating allocating highway highway funds funds

in in

Cali-

are are

found found in in

our

During During Saturday Saturday the the

morning morning ses-

out out the the

many many difficulties difficulties which which

arise

fessional fessional

skills skills

that

surfacing.

Transportation Transportation Committee, Committee, pointed

talent talent

and and

the the

pro-

but but

most most the the

rudimentary rudimentary type type

of of road

The The Senator, Senator, who who heads heads the the

Senate

both both the the

array array of

need need bridges bridges

for for over over water, water, and and all

fornia fornia

at. at. Los Los Angeles.

want want

eriph~

to to

size

°maci~ines °maci~ines

for for travel travel eliminate eliminate will will

`tti~

berg berg

Hall Hall

at at the the

University University

of of

Cali --

that that lies lies

Armstrong Armstrong ahead," ahead,"

said, said,

highways, highways,

and and that that ,wide ,wide .use .use of of

the_,.

and and

other other officials officials gathered gathered

in in

Schoen-

"In "In

stressing stressing the the

big big

varied varied and and task

enough enough travel travel to to

on on conventional

of of city, city, county, county,

and and

state state

engineers

program program the the a a success. available, available, be be is is

already already

perfected

from from

the the

audience audience

RANDOLPH RANDOLPH COLLIER

tions tions which which claims claims must must co-

production production operate operate its its make to to

model, model,

soon soon to burst burst of of

applause

program, program, state state veloped veloped and and the the by by

many many firm. firm. his his organiza-

The The company

a a delighted delighted

out-

to to progressive progressive problem problem the the of of experimental experimental financing financing

the the models models inter-

de-

28, 28, ary ary

he he

received

devoted devoted and and showed showed major major the the a a motion motion part part

picture picture of of film film his his

speech of

Los Los Angeles Angeles

Janu- Janu-

~°

Department Department the the on on potential potential c.~f c.~f of of Commerce. Commerce. the the cushion cushion

air - car Armstrong

way way

Conference Conference

tiss- Commissioner Commissioner Wright Wright Corporation. Corporation. of of Stout Stout Public Public

spoke Roads, Roads, U.S.

Street Street

and and

~IiDh-

Research Research for for and and day day program program Development, Development, was was Cur- F,llis F,llis L. L.

Armstrong,

the the

12th 12th

California

Minard Minard by by W. W. Stout, Stout, Keynote Keynote

Vice Vice President speaker speaker for for the the

opening

opening opening

session session of of '~°

January January group group 30, 30, the the was was addressed

in in

his his

speech speech to to the Co- operation operation

Stressed

conference conference

the the

on on Saturday Saturday morning,

made made this this s *a *ement

welfare."

At At general general the the

session session

which which closed

ti~heu ti~heu Senator Senator

Randolph Randolph Collier need need close close to to the the heart heart of of the the nation's

Air Air Car Car

Described

the the

professionals." consequently consequently has has become become a a universal

think think they they are are better better

qualified qualified

than

cles, cles,

safe safe and and

highway highway transportation the the rest rest is is the the

regular regular

ABC ABC

work."

from from

the the criticism criticism of of the the

amteurs amteurs

`vho

now now licensed licensed

to to

operate operate

motor motor vehi- total, total, 4,300 4,300

miles miles is is

of of interstate interstate

roads,

oldest oldest

profession, profession, it it

suffers suffers greatly

of of all all

adults adults in in the the

United United

States States are high~~ays high~~ays and and

8,800 8,800

bridges. bridges.

Of Of

this

oldest oldest

profession, profession,

and and like like world's the the

strand strand

pointed pointed

out out

that that "three- fourths now now under~~ay under~~ay on on

23,000 23,000

miles miles

ROAD ROAD

~3urLnt~G ~3urLnt~G is is world's world's the the

second

Speaking Speaking

of of future future problems, problems, Back- systems. systems. In In addition, addition, construction construction is

Keynote Keynote Road Road Meef Meef of of U.C.L.A.

~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ Collier, Collier, Backstrand, Backstrand, Armstrong Work Starts on New eser ue Facility Under Estuary

By P. E. PARKER, Senior Bridge Engineer and H. J. WHITLOCK, Senior Electrical Engineer

of the ne~v under- waterCrnsT►zucTioN tunnel between Oakland and Alameda is now under way. The Con- tractors are Pomeroy-Bates & Rogers- Gerwick and the contract amount is $16,641,000. Work began on October 12, 1959, and is expected to extend over athree-year period. George A. Greene is the resident engineer. This tunnel, now known as the Webster Street Tube, will be roughly parallel to, and about 500 feet westerly of, the existing Posey Tube. When completed, the new tube will. carry two lanes of one-way traffic to Alameda and the two lane Posey Tube will become one way to Oakland. Both tubes will be operated as one unit ..and :all..op.erating co~trals for. both tubes will be housed in the Oak- land Portal Building of the Posey Tube. The project consists of the construction of "boat section" approaches in both Alameda and Oakland, a "portal building" at each end of the tunnel for ventilating and electrical equipment, 12 precast tube segments each 200 feet long, acast-in-place portion of tunnel 783 feet long, temporary bridges, a permanent bridge, water- Retouched aerial photograph of project site. Dotted line on left shows location of Webster Street Tube. front and street work together with Existing Posey Tube is indicated by dotted line on right. mechanical and electrical work and equipment. There are 153 items of In general the "trench" type of con- constructed entirely of reinforced work in the contract. struction is feasible if: concrete. (a) Cost Old Method Described of R/W for approaches is Segments Are Precast relatively low. Prior to the Posey Tube, which was (b) Water is reasonably It is understood that the contractor completed in 1928, nearly all under- quiet to permit accurate landing of tun- will construct the 12 precast segments water vehicular tunnels were con- nel segments. two at a time in a basin which he will structed using the "shield" method (c) Material within the construct on the Alameda side of the which involved underground tunnel- project limits can be readily excavated Estuary about a mile from the tunnel ing and use of compressed air. The without necessity of site. Temporary watertight bulkheads Posey Tube was constructed by sink- under- water blasting. will be placed in the ends of these seg- ing precast tunnel segments in a (d) Sufficient water depth exists to ments to permit them to be floated. dredged trench, aligning them ac- permit floating of segments. The scheme is to construct a segment, curately and connecting them under- float it out of the basin, replace the water. This so-called "trench" system The precast segments are circular in head gate or dam, pump out the basin proved to be so much more economi- cross section, have an outside diameter and construct the next segment. cal, that since that time, this method of 37 feet, are 200 feet long and have The specifications have been ~vrit- has been used whenever practicable. a shell thickness of 2'-6". They are ten to ensure that the concrete for the

/March-April 1960

12 12

California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

for for portion portion of of

tunnel tunnel constructed constructed place place in in in in open open trench. buoyancy.

Horseshoe

secfion secfion - shaped shaped

is is to to

used used

placing placing simplify simplify forms forms

of of concrete and and Circular Circular is is section section used used for for the the 12 12 precast precast segments segments tube tube for for maximum

PRECAST PRECAST TUBE TUBE SEGMENT

J-PLACE J-PLACE SEGMENT

TYPICAL TYPICAL SECTION

SECTION TYPICAL TYPICAL

DETAIL BUT BUT

ie:r

s s ~b

o~,,;~ o~,,;~ ~~,..,:..

when when water water segment segment the the is is in in final final po-

These These masts masts project project will will above above the

end end each each of of each each precast precast segment.

Alignment Alignment will will masts masts be be erected erected at

Masts Masts Location Show Show

from from placing placing ing ing the the operation.

be be caused caused easily easily muddiness muddiness by by result-

tons. tons. nearly nearly 150 150 Such Such change change a a could

would would increase increase

buoyancy buoyancy

the the by

least least

600 600 tons. tons. The The piles piles supporting ...Continued ...Continued on on page page 67

example, example,

change, change, from from for for

1.00 1.00 to to

1.02 inent inent

until until the the downward downward force force is is at been been specified specified to to help help reduce reduce the

specific specific

gravity gravity of of water. water. the the

tional tional

ballast ballast is is then then added added to to the the seg- lighting. lighting. A A PMS PMS roadway roadway surface surface has

are are size size very very changes changes

sensitive sensitive to to ting, ting, in

sluicing sluicing or or means. means. other other Addi- two two lines lines of of continuous continuous

fluorescent

position position when when Segments Segments

sunk. sunk.

sand sand of of is is this

thoroughly thoroughly compacted compacted by by jet- walls walls to to down down the the roadway roadway level level and

ensure ensure the the that that segment segment

above above stay stay will will in

the the bottom bottom

the the of of barrel. barrel. This 15 15 feet feet 1 1 %8 %8 inches, inches, tiled tiled ceiling ceiling and

enough enough extra extra ballast ballast must must

be be around around added added to

it it to to a a

level level at at seven seven least least feet way, way, aminimum aminimum vertical vertical clearance clearance of

on on roadway roadway

the the slab. slab. tion, tion,

addition, In In

sand sand

backfill backfill is is placed placed under under and The The tube tube will will have have 24 a a -foot -foot road-

way way

with with slab slab placing placing and and water water the the After After sand segment segment is is placed placed in in posi- plate plate across across the the joint.

by by the the filling filling

beneath beneath space space road-

the the

concrete. taining taining by by welding welding a a continuous continuous steel

of of

tons tons ballast. ballast. 1,600 1,600 This This

can can done be be

encasement encasement of of the the joint joint there there with with is is tremie a a grout grout seal seal and and a a seal seal ob-

be be

will will site site necessary necessary

to to it it add add at at

least

which which makes makes possible possible the the tremie tremie complete concrete concrete seal seal at at each each joint,

In In feet. feet. order order segment segment sink sink to to

a a at at the

ing ing ring ring around around a a tapered tapered In In projection addition addition to to the the rubber rubber seal seal and

will will

a a of of have have draft draft approximately approximately

30 ing ing of of the the section section forces forces a a rubber rubber between between seal- bulkheads bulkheads at at each each joint.

tons. tons. 7,100 7,100 floated, floated, When When

the the segment

properly. properly. The The final final few few feet feet out out of of lower- ballast ballast water water and and water water trapped

and and buoyancy buoyancy the the

approximately is is

be be sure sure that that each each section section is is landed temporary temporary bulkheads bulkheads and and pumping

drydock drydock

approximately approximately is is

5,500 5,500

tons and and grade. grade. Thus Thus the the divers divers need need only pleted pleted by by entering entering one one end, end, removing

bulkheads bulkheads porary porary

as as

constructed constructed

piles piles in previously previously placed placed to to exact exact line The The tunnel tunnel interior interior will will be be com-

the the shell, shell,

tube tube

roadway roadway

slab slab

tem- ing ing and and one. one. other other The The end end will will on rest rest after after all all precast precast sections sections are are in in place.

phases phases

all all of of work. work.

the the

The The weight weight end end of of of each each segment segment on on the the preced- of of tion tion the the tube tube will will be be completed

must must bility bility

carefully carefully

be be

considered considered

for possible. possible. as as It It is is planned planned to to rest rest one ary ary to to Oakland. Oakland. The The cast -in -place -place por-

Segment Segment

buoyancy buoyancy draft, draft,

and and

sta- segments segments has has been been as as made made automatic Building Building and and continue continue across across the the Estu-

tions. the the method method of of connecting connecting the the precast will will begin begin at at the the Alameda Alameda Portal

sense sense during during the the of of touch touch only. only. floating floating and and For For placing placing opera- this this reason, Placing Placing of of precast precast segments tube tube

ness ness timber timber lagging lagging must must with with to to protect protect rely rely a a to to great great them

extent extent on

Placing Placing Segments of of

up up to to segments segments the the 90 90 with with precast precast feet feet attendant attendant will will covered be be muddi-

waterproofing. waterproofing. Divers Divers working working in in waterproofing waterproofing The The depths depths of of water for the the sand sand bed.

will will covered covered shell shell be be with with membrane methods. thereby thereby transferring transferring the the loading loading to

In In addition, addition, exterior exterior the the of of the the tube be be known known times times at at all all by by usual- usual- to to survey fail fail under under this this downward downward force

tube tube will will watertight watertight be be as as possible. as as sition sition permit permit and and its its exact exact location location to the the segment segment initially initially are are designed ~eevud s in .. ~s roc

By J. P. SINCLAIR, Assistant State Highway Engineer

THE "F' ABULUOUS ~' IFTIES" have Some of the comparative average Cerrito Overhead to Richmond, which brought great advancements in mod- daily vehicle counts are as follows: is under construction and scheduled ern freeway construction in the San Number for completion this spring. Francisco Bay area. During the dec- of Vehicles The last unit of the freeway on Location 1950 1960 ade, atotal of 300 miles of freeway Sign Route 24 between Orinda and have been completed Eastshore (Ashby Avenue)_ 46,000 83,000 in the nine S.F.-Oakland Bay Bridge ______80,000 104,000 the Monument will be completed this counties corripris- Golden Gate Bridge 26,000 50,000 spring while the project east of Orinda ing District IV. Bayshore (South San Fran- through Charles Hill to the Lafayette However, the cisco) ______— ______29,000 75,000 Bypass was opened to traffic last fifties have also US SO (Dublin) 8,000 17,000 November. seen a tremendous The total expenditures on freeways This year, the last two projects to growth in popula- in District IV in the last 10 years is make the Bayshore a continuous free- tion and vehicle approximately $600,000,000. The dis- way from San Jose to San Francisco registration. In trict's total construction and right-of- are being advertised. 1950, the nine way budget was $19,000,000 in 1950 US 101 north of the Golden Gate counties had a pop- and has increased to $80,000,000 this Bridge is a divided highway through ulation of 2,643,000 J. P. SINCLAIR past year. This is a measure of the ac- Santa Rosa, with the section to San with 1,102,000 vehicles. At the end of celeration in the freeway program. Rafael completed as a full freeway last 1959, the population had grown to During this 10-year period, the summer. Design is under way for con- 3,648,000, an increase of over a mil- Nimitz Freeway from Oakland to San verting the expressway to full freeway lion people. Vehicle registration has Jose has been completed. from San Rafael to Petaluma, and the spurted to 1,786,000. Traffic through- Sign Route 17 Freeway from San first construction project at Freitas out the district has nearly doubled. Jose to Los Gatos will be finished this Parkway has commenced. Other proj- summer. ects are being constructed or budgeted US 40, the interstate .route from the for a full freeway on the Healdsburg Phofo below—Ground view of the Walnut Creek Bay Bridge to Carquinez, is all full Bypass and a section from Santa Rosa "Y" Interchange. Branch connection structure from SSR 24 to SSR 21 in immediate foreground. freeway except the one link from El to Windsor. Planning activities have

Public Public Highways Highways Works California California 14 14 and and

bridge new new July July work work of of was 1959. 1959. ultimately ultimately -lane -lane of of the the in- latter latter provide provide at at an an each each eight end end The The vided vided

completed completed pro- in which which connections connections will were were Livermore Livermore Freeway Freeway which which the the MacArthur MacArthur was was Temporary Temporary

of of seven east east -mile -mile the the resurfacing resurfacing first first Work Work unit unit has has project project started started on on 1958.

ley ley and and and and the the a Nimitz Nimitz Freeway, Freeway, November traffic traffic in in opened opened to to Bridge, Bridge,

Valley US US

Bridge Bridge to to

Castro Castro

—Bay —Bay

between between Center Center Street Street in in Castro Castro Val- Carquinez parallel parallel erection erection of of the the and and

scaping scaping project project Ridge Ridge to to Road Road be be completed completed and and soon Crockett. approaches approaches to the the completed completed tracts tracts

minor minor between is is is is underway underway a a land- projects. projects. ing ing Among Among project project these these Three Three con- feet feet deep. deep. 300 300 and and top, top,

ited ited to to landscaping, landscaping, A A small small distribution distribution plant- resurfacing, resurfacing, structure. structure. and wide wide at at the mile mile a a quarter quarter mile mile long, long,

land land to to year year Bay Bay the have have Bridge Bridge during during been been approaches approaches lim- the the past past 0.6 approximately approximately which which is is Cut" Cut" "Big "Big

Overhead Overhead activities activities on on in in this this Construction Construction San San area Francisco -Oak- cubic cubic the the yard million million one -half -half and and eight eight

starting starting from from Port Port of of Oakland the the included included the which which Bridge Bridge Carquinez Carquinez of of grade. intersections intersections at at

which which work work landscaping landscaping is is now on on to to the freeway freeway is is a a six -lane -lane completed completed a a expressway expressway number with with controlled controlled

tional tional $130,000 $130,000 has has been been provided provided previously for Also Also Overhead. Overhead. Cerrito Cerrito US US 50 50 is is east east of of Dublin, Dublin, presently presently an

tised tised for for bids bids this this spring. spring. An An addi- to to the the F,1 Bridge Bridge Oakland Oakland Bay Bay cisco- 2.3 2.3 of of and and To To the miles miles west west Dublin. Dublin.

will will Jefferson Jefferson which which be be adver- Avenue Avenue San San Fran- the the end end of of east east the the ture ture at at Castro Castro lane lane Valley between between facility facility

0.3 0.3 Cerrito Cerrito

Overhead Overhead

to to mile mile south south distribution distribution of struc- the the from from operation operation 1957 1957 since since the the completion completion of of a a four-

0.3 0.3 mile mile south south scaping scaping

between between of of Fl already already in is is freeway freeway -lane -lane eight An An freeway freeway from from Oakland Oakland to to Dublin,

1960

-61 -61 fiscal fiscal year year budget budget for for land- Works. Public Public easterly easterly have have provided provided a a continuous

of of $280,000 $280,000

have have been been provided provided in in the anti Highways Highways California California of of easterly easterly issue issue to to June June Castro Castro Valley Valley and and US US 50

Funds Funds to to

Ridge Ridge Road. Road. in in the the amount A~Iay- in in the the appear appear will will project project this this of of (State (State Sign Sign 17), 17), Route Route 228 Route Route

San San Pablo Pablo head head

and and north north of of Avenue account detailed detailed more more A A Boulevard. Boulevard. Portions Portions of of the the Nimitz Nimitz Freeway

of of El El Cerrito Cerrito the the freeway freeway south south Over-

Carlson and and Avenue Avenue Central Central monds monds at at

County County Line

constructed constructed

portions portions pleted pleted on on of the the 7, 7, dia- and and

Route Route ] ]

Sign Sign

State State

to to vard vard US US 50— Castro Castro Valley Valley fo fo San San

Joaquin

1959, 1959, landscaping landscaping was was During During com- Hoffman Hoffman Boule- connection connection at at direct direct

where where

in in this this issue.

a interchanges: interchanges: includes includes three three axle axle count count tolls tolls which which to to save save time.

budgeted budgeted

projects, projects,

is is

contained contained

else- project freeway freeway -lane -lane six tolls tolls by by this this for for weight weight will will be be superseded superseded by

well well

the the

as as limits limits

and and

funds funds

of anticipated is is this this year year June June of of driver's driver's side side tion tion of of in in the the vehicle vehicle and and truck

aspects aspects of of

the the A~acArt(~ur A~acArt(~ur

Freeway, Freeway,

as Comple- Company. Company. Pacific Pacific bound bound traffic traffic Connolly Connolly will will be be made made from from the

planning, planning, design design

and and

right

-of -way Corporation Corporation and &K &K M booths. booths. Faster Faster Company, Company, collection collection for for Oakland-

A A more more detailed detailed

article article

covering covering

the Construction Piombo Piombo venture venture by by creasin~ creasin~ joint joint the the number number of of the the toll

Grove- as as performed performed Shafter Shafter a Freeway. is is being being it it conjunction conjunction 583,000, 583,000, ~ >ith >ith remodeling remodeling and and in-

rapid rapid transit transit approximately approximately ~5,- requirements requirements in in to to cost cost the pected pected to to Estimated Estimated start start shortly, shortly, will will be be dane dane in

revisions revisions Vallejo. to to and and Francisco Francisco accommodate accommodate possible San San Bridge Bridge Toll Toll between between Plaza. Plaza. This This work, work, ex-

These These on on US US 40 alterations alterations freeway freeway link link of of last last will will widening widening of of avoid avoid the the is is the the south south side side of of extensive the the Bay

proper proper Avenue Jefferson Jefferson handling handling and and Overhead Overhead of of Toll Toll bridge bridge LJS LJS funds funds rito rito 50 50 also also traffic. provide provide for for the

clude clude of of El El Cer- all all south south between between features features construction construction of of San San Francisco Francisco Bay Bay necessary necessary to to Toll Toll the Crossings.

underway underway presently presently under on on project project 2.3 -mile -mile is is being• being• schedule schedule and and administered administered A A will will by by in- the the Division

needed needed MacArthur MacArthur

traffic traffic on on projects projects

the the lower lower deck. deck. This This will will get

work

Bridge Carquinez Carquinez Francisco Francisco

to to

—San —San

US US

construction construction staged staged so so on on the the that that upper upper the the level level much- with with eastbound

superstructures superstructures will will be be way way traffic traffic westbound westbound follo~vs: deferred deferred and will will be be carried

is is financing financing certain. certain. Bay Bay District District so so IV Bridge Bridge However, However, freeway freeway that that bridge five five development development lanes lanes in in of of one-

Commission Commission are are not not proach proach yet yet ramps ramps plans plans highlights highlights for future future complete, complete, tion tion to to the the nor and and double- decked

Studies Studies by by the the Bay Bay Area Area funds funds is is Rapid Rapid construc- the the of of reconstruction reconstruction A A more more Transit detailed detailed review' review' of of ap- the the

facilities facilities in in the the Grove- project project Shafter Shafter being being financed financed median. by by toll toll bridge 480.

proposed proposed inclusion inclusion of of the the rapid rapid transit Bridge Bridge project. project. Another Another major major US US 40 Senate Senate tions tions Bill Bill designated designated No. in in

Shafter Shafter Freeways Freeways by by bonds bonds the the recently enue enue as as part part of of the the Carquinez freeway freeway several several loca- of of the the new new on on

section section of of the the A~acArthur A~acArthur 4) 4) and and Grove- Sign Sign Route Route was was financed financed from from rev- have have started Planning Planning activities activities City. City.

been been further further complicated complicated at at the the inter- Arnold Arnold Industrial Industrial Highway Highway (State Francisco Francisco and and portion portion Daly in in San San the the

sioned sioned by by intersecting intersecting freeways freeways have LTS LTS 40 40 Construction Construction of of north north of district district interstate interstate except system system in in the the

The The usual usual design design problems problems occa- work. sections sections determined determined of of for for all all other other the

Rafiin Rafiin Weirick Weirick been agreements. agreements. Routes Routes and and freeway freeway have have acquired. performed performed this

fourths fourths new. new. of of northbound northbound the the cities cities have have three three on on Oakland. Oakland. the the signed Right Rothschild, -of -way -way is is all nearly nearly

and and San San on on the the to to old old San San route route bridge bridge Jose, Jose, tion tion from from and four four Bruno Bruno lanes structure structure and and 14th 14th Avenue Avenue in

3.9 for for three three lanes lanes an an Junipero Junipero interstate of of -mile -mile southbound southbound Serra Serra Freeway, Freeway, traffic section section between between distribu- the the

1959 1959 pleted pleted has has in in started started April April Design Design tion tion on on of of of of work work and and the four four projects projects provides comprising comprising the

$1,315,000, $1,315,000, Mendocino Mendocino was was proximately proximately county county line. to to the the the the 1960 -61 -61 budgets budgets com- for for the the construc-

the the way way constructed. constructed. from from San San cation cation This This Francisco has has project, project, all all costing costing ap- 1959 been been included included in in the the -60 -60 and

which which Crockett Crockett a a freeway freeway Lytton Lytton lo- ramp ramp provides provides approach approach Castro Castro could could A A total total be of of $23,000,000 Valley. Valley.

north north of modified modified freeway freeway old old bridge bridge route route could could unit unit be be of of a a Structure Structure and and the Oakland Oakland Distribution Distribution in in to

so so permit permit two of of resulted resulted -~vay -~vay the the last traffic traffic in in the the to to adoption adoption that that the terstate terstate facility facility from from the the Bay Bay Bridge ~ --~ CLOVERDALE p • • ~

~ •• LYTTON• o 28 ~

HEALDSBURO CALISTOOA ♦. ~• •~i ST. ~~ ~ HELE 12 '~~~~~• • KENW • ■SANTA a~ SEBASTOPOL ,ROSA e Statute Miles ~ 5 0 10 2~ ..J

PARK- PRESIDIO PETALUMA ARNOLD FREEWAY ,~, ~ ~~ INDUSTRI~ • ~ 101 ~i GOLDEN GATE _ J1CARQUINEZ 24 BRIDGE lid BRIDGE FREEWAY ~~ ~j~ 40 EMBARCADERO FREEWAY ~~ o.•i= `~ ~------.off` ~~\ SAN RdFAfiL ~mT ~ \_____/~ _ MOND • CERRITO d yyALNUT CREEK J SAUSALI10 ~ GO BR DOEA~1~(~(H [.IL~I ~ SAN FRAPICISCO~D JAMES LICK `~f("~ ~ •~ MEMORIAL SAN BRUWO ~ ~ ~~v. \\\~~ ~ ~ LIVERMORE T9 rA" J o _ ~ FREEWAY pACIFICA~S-~~ ~~`p ~ SAN MATE 1 • i (BAYSHORE) / / /S~•\~ ~~'~ ~o~.• ~BRID4E PLEASANTON 1 c R~~ SUNOL • • CENTRAL II AN MATE v \¢\ ~~ •~ FREEWAY DEVILS SOLIDE F EMONT Z ~~ ~~ ~~~MISSION SAN JOSE JUNIPERO iOUTHERN SERRA erDUMBARTON ~ FREEWAY_ FREEWAY ~ ~ BRIDGE PAl TO ~~• MILPITA3 ►~ MT. VIEW~~~~ ~ BAYSHORE EL CAMINO SUNNYVALE~ STATE OF CALIFORNIA FREEWAY REAL •.~ ~ 9 ~ SAN JOSE DEPARTMEPIT OF PUBLIC WORKS 5 • • DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS ~ ~s1 lI~ CABRILLO •~ ~ ~ ~ ej FORD RD. ~ DISTRICT IV HIGHWAY •• FREEWAYS ~ LOS GATOS ~~~ \ LOS GAT09- PACHECO ~--~ \ SANTA CRUZ PASS ~'ecfental ~' MORGAN HILL ~ COMPLETED OR ~~~~~~~~~ EXPRESSWAYS UNDER CONSTRUCTION FULL FREEWAYs ~~~'~ BUD(3ETE0 O t i.~• s,/~Qj 15 GILROY ~ FREEWAY ROUTE ADOPTED—~~~a•~~• ~~°• ~O•. _ _~ SANTA ~R Z • MARCH 1960 • •~ .. EL CAMINO REAL ~ ~WATSONVtLLE done by A. Teichert and Son at a preparation of plans for an initial six- San Joaquin County Line to meet Fed- cost of $135,400. lane, ultimate eight-lane free~~ay be- eral Interstate requirements. Studies have continued for the de- t~~een Dublin and Greeizville. Plan- velopment of the existing expressway ning studies are being made on the US 101 —Golden Gate Bridge to San Rafael east of Dublin to full freeway stand- portion cif this route between Green- The year 1959 saw continued prog- ards. Aerial mapping is underway for ville and 1.5 miles east of the Alameda- ress towards the development of a full

March-April 1960 15

16 16 California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

US US the the intersection intersection of of and and was was State 101 101 performed performed by by Shawn Shawn Company. in in San San Mateo Mateo Harbor Harbor and and Boulevard.

interchange interchange and and Ignacio Ignacio an an Wye Wye at at work, work, at costing costing approximately approximately $14,500, freeway freeway pleted pleted between between 16th 16th Avenue

sustained sustained was was congestion congestion on on Rosa Rosa a a grade, lieve lieve accomplished accomplished year. year. last last This for for $180,000 $180,000 landscaping landscaping com- the the

northbound northbound Petaluma Petaluma added added lane lane uphill uphill to to re- Creels Creels and and Bridge Bridge Santa in in Included Included the the budget budget 1960 -61 -61 is

tions tions of of interchange interchange Miller Miller Road, Road, the the Creek Creek at at between between freeway freeway an the and and University University Interchanges. Avenue Avenue

Planting Planting projects projects of of struction struction include include will will a a partial redwood redwood on on por- trees trees landscaping landscaping at at project project Willow Willow Road

.Avenue .Avenue erton erton in in Future Future Novato. Novato. con- being being designed. Presently Presently under under way way is is a a $220,000

Forbes Forbes Overhead Overhead of of of of to to Ath- north north development development

to to freeway freeway six -lane -lane is a a

$59,700.

-lane, -lane, six 0.6 0.6 mile mile from from freeway freeway a a north four

-lane -lane

expressway expressway providing providing

for

Interchange Interchange

at at

a a

cost cost

of of

approximately

Design Design are are studies studies proceeding proceeding on on line, line, the the

route route

adopted adopted has has

been been

and

tion tion the the to to East East Hillsdale Hillsdale

Boulevard

From From

Lytton Lytton

Center.

to to Mendocino Mendocino

Civic Civic County County county

April April was was the the Norfolk Norfolk Street Street

connec-

Pedro Pedro

near near new new Road Road will will the the 1Vlarin be be

completed completed late late

this this summer. ground ground Also Also cover. cover. completed completed

roads roads

and and interchange interchange ings. ings. at at a a partial partial

It It is is

expected expected San that that construction

sisted sisted of of planting planting trees, trees, shrubs, shrubs,

and

trumpet trumpet

interchange, interchange, frontage as as a a type type three three

other other

bridges bridges and and

undercross-

completed completed in in of of 1959, 1959, April April and and

con-

completion completion November November

Creek Creek for for

in in and and includes Guerneville Guerneville

as as

Roads Roads

well and and 16th 16th Avenue Avenue in in San San

Mateo Mateo

was

project project

$1,250,000 $1,250,000 scheduled includes includes contract contract The The interchanges interchanges

at at

Dry project project between between Peninsular Peninsular

Avenue

Atkinson. Atkinson. Construction Construction Watson Watson 4.1 Company. -mile -mile This This and and

$?,700,000

vision. vision. A A 2.2 -mile, -mile, $82,000 $82,000

landscaping

at at Lytton Lytton

was was was was section section to to awarded awarded Frederickson awarded awarded

Guy Guy

to to F.

landscaping landscaping and and minor minor

interchange interchange

re-

connection connection standards standards

at at with with Parkway Parkway the the Freitas Freitas existing existing inter- the the

highway

during during the the past past

year year

have have

included

which which will will complete complete bypass bypass convert convert six

-lane -lane the the to to to to to to full full freeway

Improvements Improvements north north

of of

Palo Palo

Alto

The The phase phase current current of of tersections tersections grade. grade. first first

The The at at construction project

ing ing traffic traffic lanes lanes through through

these these areas.

to to

freeway freeway the the north.

developed developed as as expressway expressway with with in- an an

will will be be provided provided

between between

the the

oppos-

3.7 3.7

miles miles of of

rough rough for for

grading grading This This had had section section been been the

previously

Avenue. Avenue. A A

double double metal metal

beam beam

barrier

South South

Healdsburg, Healdsburg, and and

accomplished

US US PeTaluma 101 —San —San to to Rafael Rafael between between Broadway Broadway and and

Peninsular

interchanges interchanges

at at Avenue Avenue Grant Grant

and

additional additional northbound northbound lane lane is is included

Russian Russian partial partial River, River, construction construction Rafael Rafael

Viaduct. of

the the Millbrae Millbrae Avenue Avenue Interchange. Interchange.

also also

included included

twin twin bridges bridges expansion expansion

four present present over over -lane -lane

of of the San the the

improvement improvement of of other other ramp ramp

outlets outlets

1959. 1959.

May May This This of of $1,629,000 $1,629,000

San San north north

Rafael, Rafael, Hill, Hill, of of including project

to to the the southbound southbound freeway freeway lanes lanes

and

of of the the south south

was was

completed completed city city Quentin Quentin to to San San Porto Porto Wye Wye

Suello

of of addition addition a a direct direct right -turn -turn

ramp

of of portion portion

the the

Healdsburg Healdsburg pansion pansion freeway freeway eight

-lane -lane to to Bypass an an from

advertised advertised this this spring, spring, will will include include

the

North North

of of Grant Grant School, School,

progress progress

Studies Studies a a 1.2 in in -mile are are now now

for for ex-

Bruno. Bruno. This This 7.5 -mile -mile to to project, project, be

budgeted budgeted for for construction.

underway.

ently ently

to to lingame lingame San San Bruno Bruno Avenue Avenue

in in

San

$3,800,000 $3,800,000

project project has has not not yet yet

been the the

of of trees trees planting planting redwood redwood is is pres-

eight eight lanes lanes from from Broadway Broadway in in Bur-

portion portion ter ter

although although

this this dera dera This This

Creek. Creek. estimated work work includes which which

budget budget for for widening widening the the freeway freeway to

base base

bridges, bridges,

and and

on on surfacing surfacing the the Richardson Richardson lat-

Bridge Bridge Bay Bay Corte Corte Ma- and and

sion sion of of $1,900,000 $1,900,000 1959 in in the the

-60

is is

completed completed nearly nearly

for for US US drainage, for for between between landscaping landscaping 101 101 the

ternational ternational Airport Airport led led to to the the inclu-

Windsor Windsor

and and Grant Grant Creek. Creek.

Design were were 1959 -60 -60 provided provided the the in in budget

freeway freeway near near the the San San Francisco Francisco In-

Windsor Windsor

and and for for grading grading

between Funds Funds in in the the of of amount amount $54,500

Heavy, Heavy, congested congested traffic traffic on on this.

the the freeway freeway between between Santa Santa Rosa Rosa and Viaduct. Rafael Rafael

minutes. changes, changes, provides provides for for construction construction of freeway freeway a a six pleted pleted -lane -lane to to the the San

hour hour travel travel time time by by approximately approximately 20 project project which which includes includes five five inter- projects projects Previous Previous northerly northerly com-

mile mile distance distance and and reduced reduced commute Grant Grant Rosa Rosa Creek. Creek. to to This This $5,200,000 removed. be be

dlestick dlestick

Point. Point. This This section section saved saved 0.4- Mendocino Mendocino from from Avenue Avenue Santa in in across across span span Creek Creek Madera Madera Corte Corte will

Bay, Bay,

between between Sierra Sierra Point Point and and Can- 9.2 -mile -mile four -lane -lane freeway freeway northerly traffic. traffic. old old bridge bridge way way The The with with a a lift

across across arm arm an an the the of of San San Francisco 1960 -61 -61 construction construction program program for for a turn turn for for northbound northbound ramps ramps right right free-

$7,710,000 $7,710,000

for for the the "open "open water water fill" Funds Funds have have been been provided provided in in the separation separation providing providing both both left left and

projects projects

were were

four four contracts contracts totaling freeway. six -lane -lane $1,240,000 $1,240,000 and and will will three three create create a a level

tance tance 26 26 of of miles. miles. Included Included in in these lanes lanes the the four four initial initial of of an an ultimate estimated estimated It It approximately is is to to cost cost

Francisco Francisco

San San to to Palo Palo Alto, Alto, a a total total dis- through through of of the the Santa Santa City- City- Rosa Rosa to to to scheduled scheduled opened opened in in be be late late April.

freeway freeway from from

the the south south city city limits limits of of of version version the the existing existing expressway Greenbrae Greenbrae at at Interchange Interchange tion tion are

have have provided provided a a continuous continuous six -lane underway underway fora fora are are $3,000,000 $3,000,000 con- the the Bids Bids final final on on stage stage of of construc-

Previous Previous projects projects on on the the Bayshore construction construction projects. projects. Design Design studies at at a a cost cost tober tober of of $1,780,000.

1957 1957 completed completed series series after after in in a a of of five

Interchange Interchange

completed completed

Oc- were were

last last

US US (Bypass) 101 101 Francisco Francisco —San —San Palo Palo to to Alfo

limits limits of of Santa Santa erly erly city city Rosa Rosa structure structure was ramps ramps and and at at the the Greenbrae

from from Petaluma Petaluma south south of of to to the the south- Greenbrae. Greenbrae. A A northbound northbound freeway be be probably probably advertised advertised this this summer.

18.5 -mile -mile An An section section freeway of of freeway freeway lane lane from from the the bridge bridge to limits limits city city of of Petaluma. Petaluma. Bids Bids will

Prior Prior construction construction provided provided a a six- tween tween Creek Creek Lynch Lynch and and

south the the

Petaluma Petaluma Mendocino Mendocino US US

To To Line 101 — County County

Bridge. 0.8 portion portion -mile -mile of of the the freeway freeway be-

(US (US 101) 101) of of north north Golden Golden made made funds funds the the Gate available. are are provides provides $100,000 $100,000 for for landscaping landscaping on

on on freeway freeway Redwood Redwood 37 37 the the Route Route Highway Sign Sign construction as as soon soon The The as as 1960 -61 -61 construction construction program in Greenbrea Interchange Marin County on US 101 at Corfe Madera Looking southeast along US 101 in $an Rafael. San Quentin Wye Over- looking south. Creek, Corte Madera Interchange structure in upper left crossing connection to Sign Route 17 Freeway and Richmond-San Rafael background. Bridge in upper portion. US 101 curves to right of overcrossing.

Yountville Bypass project on SSR 29 in Napa County. Looking northwesf~ Atherton Avenue Interchange at Black Point on SSR 37, looking east. Peta- erly from the beginning of project, California Drive Interchange in center. luma Creek Bridge at upper left.

March-April 1960 ~ 7 Looking southwest over the Crockett Interchange from the Carquinez Bridge, through fhe "big cut."

Avenue. An- US 701 (Bypass)—Palo Alto fo San Jose enterprises at a cost of approximately mile east of Borregas $3,465,000. It will provide inter- other feature is the alteration of exist- Funds in the 1959-60 and 1960-61 changes at Embarcadero and San An- ing channel facilities of the Santa budgets provide for construction of tonio Roads and a partial interchange Clara County Flood Control District the last two links in the continuous Middlefield Road. including the Guadalupe River rea- Bayshore Freeway between San Fran- at 4.1-mile freeway sec- lignment. The Flood Control District cisco and San Jose. Several other con- In San Jose a Brokaw Road to Taylor is participating in the cost of the tracts are currently under way and an tion from under construction. This project. important interchange' was completed Street is includes four interchanges and The last remaining section of the this past year. project a total of 13 structures. A major inter- freeway between Brokaw Road in intersection The interchange at the change is provided at the intersection San Jose and Morse Avenue in Sunny- Sign Route of Bayshore Freeway and of Nimitz, Bayshore and Sign Route vale is included in the 1960-61 budget. July. This $1,257,- 9 was completed in 17 Freeways. Also included in this This 6.1-mile project will consist of a overpass 000 project, including an $4,315,000 project is the extension of four-lane _:facility between Brokaw traffic carrying Mountain View-Alviso State Sign Route 17 as a freeway to Road and""Guadalupe Parkway, and six sections over the Bayshore and short First Street in San Jose. lanes from there to Morse Avenue. and four-lane freeway, was con- of six- One of the two remaining gaps in Cloverleaf interchanges will be pro- structed by Dan Caputo and M.J.B. Lawrence the freeway is scheduled for advertise- vided at Fair Oaks Avenue, Construction Company as a joint ven- ment this spring and will extend Bay- Station Road, San. Tomas Aquinas ture. shore Freeway from Charleston Road Boulevard and De La Cruz Boulevard. Virtually completed is the 4.4-mile in Mountain View to the Guadalupe This project will complete the free- freeway extension from the San Mateo River near San Jose. This $5,050,000 way between San Francisco and San county line to Stierlin Road. This project also includes work on the Jose, costing approximately $5,760,- expected to be adver- six-lane facilitiy is being constructed 1~~Iountain View-Alviso Road (State 000, and it is tised this spring. by L. C. Smith and Concar Ranch and Sign Route 9) from Bayshore to 0.2

~ 8 California Highways and Public Works US 101 (Bypass)—San Jose to US 107 at Ford Road Design studies are underway for conversion of the existing expressway to freeway standards from Santa Clara Street to Ford Road. The expressway leas been in operation since 1947. North of Santa Clara Street the last three-lane portion of this route was eliminated in 1957 by the completion of 1.3 miles of freeway to north of Taylor Street in San Jose. Funds in the amount of $100,000 are in the 1960-61 budget for landscaping this section.

US 107 —Ford Roaal to San Benito County Line Studies have. been completed and a public meeting will be held im the near future on the proposed freeway routing between Ford Road and south of Gilroy. These studies are the cul- mination of several years of work by the division and the Santa Clara County Planning Department. South of Gilroy, 5.8 miles of expressway have been in operation to Bayshore Freeway along peninsula south oI San Francisco. Willow Road Interchange in Palo Alto in the San Benito county line since 1951. center foreground with University Avenue Overcrossing in upper left; looking south. Full freeway development within these limits is dependent upon traffic requirements and availability of funds. A $119,200 resurfacing project between Llagas Creek and Gilroy was

completed in August. Drainage improvements were constructed in Mor- gan Hill as a co-operative project with that city.

US 101—EI Camino Real Although not a freeway, this historic route plays an important role in serving the communities of the Penin- sula between San Jose and San Fran- cisco. Major portions have been and are being widened to four and six lanes with some median separation. In co-operation with the many cities, traffic signal and channelization projects have been completed and others are being planned. A $1,345,000 project was completed in 1959 which provided 3.9 miles of divided highway between San Tomas Aquinas Creek in Santa Clara and State Sign Route 9 in Sunnyvale. The Santa Clara County Flood Control District participated. Design studies are underway for widening EI Camino Real to a six- Looking westerly across the University Avenue Interchange on Bayshore Freeway in the City of Palo Alto.

March-April 1960 1

20 20

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

Guy Guy

F. F.

Atkinson Atkinson

Company Company

scheduled

and and construction construction

may may

proceed proceed

as as soon

rying rying

southbound southbound

traffic traffic

on on

the the

upper

Southern Southern

Freeway. Freeway.

This This work work by by

the Route Route

253. 253. A A section section

has has

been been adopted

Turk Turk

and and

Gough. Gough.

The The

viaduct, viaduct,

car-

grading grading

for for a a

portion portion

of of the the eight

-lane State State

Highway Highway

System System

1959 1959 in in as

traffic traffic

from from

Oak Oak

and and Laguna Laguna

and

Lick Lick

Memorial Memorial

Freeway, Freeway,

and and rough

This This

connection connection

was was

added added

the to to

Gate. Gate.

On On

ramps ramps

were were

provided provided

for

many many

Boulevard Boulevard

interchange interchange on on James

Embarcadero Embarcadero

Freeway Freeway

completed. is is

Streets Streets

and and

to to Franklin Franklin

and and

Golden

struction struction

of of

ramp ramp

facilities facilities

at at the the

Ale-

extension extension

easterly easterly

and and

northerly northerly to to the

the the

intersections intersections

of of Fell Fell

and and

Laguna

cation cation

Bayshore Bayshore of of

Boulevard, Boulevard, recon-

way way

will will

be be greatly greatly

enhanced enhanced

when when its

The The

extension extension

provides provides

ramps ramps off off to

connections, connections,

the the

project project

required required relo- The The full full

value value of of

the the

Southern Southern

Free-

vated vated

structure structure to to

Turk Turk Street.

vard. vard.

In In addition addition

to to

the the interchange

city city limits limits

of of San San

Francisco.

Avenue Avenue

by by

means means

of of two

a a

-level -level

ele-

morial morial

Freeways Freeways

at at

Alemany Alemany

Baule- far far as as Orizaba Orizaba

Avenue Avenue

near near the the

south

rial rial

Freeway Freeway

and and South South Van Van

Ness

of of

the the

Southern Southern

and and

James James

Lick Lick Southern Southern Me- Freeway Freeway

been been has has

adopted adopted

way way between between

the the James James Lick Lick Memo-

tion tion

interchange interchange

for for

the the intersection construction. construction.

The The

route route

for for

the

vated vated

six -lane -lane section section

of of divided divided

free-

st~`uction

"wild` "wild`

provide provide

a a

direct direct ~onnec- provided provided in in

the the 1960

-61 -61 budget budget

for

opened opened

to to traffic. traffic.

extends extends It It

the the

ele-

of of

the the

Southern Southern

Freeway. Freeway.

This This con- completed completed and and

$6,000,000 $6,000,000

has has

been

Center Center area area

of of

San San

Francisco Francisco

was

Nearing Nearing

completion completion

is is first first the the unit Right -of -way -way

acquisition acquisition

is is

nearly

this this distributor distributor

facility facility to to

the the Civic

Mission Mission

Street Street

are are

well well

advanced.

l!S l!S 701 701 in in Francisco San San In In April April 1959, 1959, of of

the the second second

unit unit of

portion portion between between Ocean Ocean Avenue Avenue

and

discuss discuss

the the plan.

Freeway

Central Central

Design Design studies studies the the for for 1.3 next next

-mile

lic lic hearings hearings

have have

recently recently been been held held to Avenue.

kins kins

and and Sibbald Sibbald a a at at $38,000. cost cost of of

and and

San San

Jose Jose is is

under under

study, study, and and pub- morial morial interchange interchange

westerly westerly

to to

Milton

pleted pleted

during during the the past past year year

Wat- by by

El El Camino Camino

Real Real

between between

Palo Palo Alto freeway freeway from from

the the

James James

Lick Lick

Me-

Fifth Fifth Street Street

and and 17th 17th Street Street was was

com-

lane lane

divided divided

section section of of

the the portion portion of six six lanes lanes of of the the

ultimate ultimate

eight

-lane

landscaping landscaping

A A project project

between

The The

widening widening

to to

an an

ultimate ultimate six- 1.4 -mile -mile project project provides provides for for

building

closed closed be be

separate separate

a a by by contract.

Road Road

and and South South

Tully Tully

Road.

cluded cluded 1959 in in the the -60 -60 budget. budget.

This

change change

project project under under

now now

way,

-will

is is

under under

design design

study study

between between

Ford for for which which $4,995,000 $4,995,000

has has been been

in-

contract, contract,

within within

limits limits the the

the the

of of inter-

Creek, Creek,

and and

afour -lane -lane

divided divided

arterial mer mer is is the the second second unit unit of of this this freeway,

The The

gap gap

the the present present left left in in barrier

University University

Avenue Avenue

and and

Matadero To To be be advertised advertised probably probably

this this

sum-

have have declined declined

noticeably.

being being

studied studied

in in Palo Palo

Alto Alto

between

uted uted the the by by City City of of San San Francisco.

severity severity

accidents accidents all all of of

this this in in

area

Road Road in in Colma. Colma.

Similar Similar

projects projects

are

amount, amount, $1,450,000 $1,450,000 has has

been been

contrib-

accidents accidents ing ing

and and the the number number

and

Boulevard Boulevard

in in Millbrae Millbrae

and and

Old Old

Mission approximately approximately $8,100,000, $8,100,000, and and

of of

this

tion, tion,

there there have have been been median median no no

cross-

lane lane

divided divided

highway highway

between between

Taylor

for for completion completion this this spring spring

will will

cost

Army Army Since Since Street. Street. the the first first installa-

pleted pleted 1958 1958 in in between between 17th 17th Street Street and

$74,000. $74,000.

extends extends It It the the barrier barrier com-

Interchange Interchange in in

censer.

Bypass Bypass

(Bayshore) (Bayshore)

guard guard near near rails rails San San

and and Jose. Jose.

will will approximately Old Old cost cost Bayshore Bayshore

Highway Highway

Intersection Intersection in in

foreground, foreground,

new new

Nimitz- Bayshore

Looking Looking

southerly southerly

at at the the

site site

of of

construction construction

for for interchange interchange

facilities facilities between between Sign Sign Route Route stallation stallation consists consists 17 17 and and back of of US US -back -back -to 101 steel

Army Army and and This This Street. Street. 1.4 -mile -mile in-

tion tion between between south south of of Third Third Street

median median barrier barrier portions portions on on of of sec- the the

Company Company is is presently presently constructing constructing a

The The Chicago Chicago Fence Fence and and Equipment

accidents.

prevent prevent disastrous disastrous median median crossing

control, control, and and installation installation barriers barriers of of to

has has consisted consisted landscaping, landscaping, of of erosion

connections connections to to Southern Southern the the Freeway,

tated tated construction construction by by of of the the direct

years, years, except except for for revisions revisions the the necessi-

Francisco. Francisco. Work Work in in the the past past few

motorists motorists a a panoramic panoramic view view of of San

5,000 5,000 12 12 vehicles vehicles daily daily and and affords

This This skyway skyway is is used used approximately by by

Francisco San San - Oakland Oakland Bay Bay Bridge.

county county line line near near Third Third Street Street to to the

been been service service in in since since 1956 1956 from from the

six- six- A A and and eight -lane -lane freeway freeway has

James James Memorial Memorial Lick Lick Freeway Freeway (US (US 701)

ing ing this this new new route route to to system. the the

under under terms terms legislative legislative the the of of add- act act

as as right -way -way -of is is acquired acquired the the city by by deck and northbound traffic on the lower deck, leaves the city streets below free to handle the heavy cross- traffic movements. The contractor on this $7,800,000 project was Peter Kie~vit Sons' Company. Approximately $450,000 has been provided in the 1960-61 budget for landscaping and paving parking areas along the Central and James Lick Memorial Freeways. Presently there are two such projects in progress; a $46,000 contract being performed at nine locations on the Central, James Lick and Embarcadero Freeways by Charles L. Harney, Inc., and a $72,000 project for paving parking lots between Mission Street and Turk Street. The contractor on the latter project is O. C. Jones and Sons.

Embarcadero Freeway This 1.5-mile elevated facility providing traffic service from the Bay Bridge and James Lick Memorial Freeway was constructed in three projects starting in April of 1955. The last project was completed in March of 1959 at a cost of approximately $7,627,000 for 1.2 miles of double- deck elevated viaduct. Ramps were provided at Broadway. Extensive reconstruction work was required to relocate portions of the Southern Pa- cific Railroad and State Belt tracks under the freeway along the Embar- cadero. A $12,000 landscaping project between Front and Sansome Streets is underway. Studies are now underway for the location of Route 253 which was added to the state highway system by the 1959 Session of the Legislature. This will provide an extension of the Embarcadero Freeway southerly to the vicinity of Army Street and thence westerly to a connection with the Southern Freeway at James Lick Memorial Freeway. A Hunter's Point leg connecting near Army Street will extend southerly to the Bayshore Freeway near the south city limits. Public meetings will be held upon Looking east along Sign Route 24 toward Mt. completion of the studies. Diablo with Acalanes Va11ey Road Interchange in foreground.

Sign Route 17 under construction, estimated for July One of these projects, two and one- This highway links the metropoli- completion, will provide 75 miles of half miles of initial four-lane, ulti= tan communities of the Bay area with continuous freeway via Sign Route 17 mate six-lane freeway, is being con- the recreational facilities of the Santa from south of Los Gatos to Oakland, structed between Bascom Avenue and Cruz area. Two projects presently thence along US 40 to Vallejo. North Fourth Street in San Jose at a

March-April 1960 21

22 22 California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

Veterans Veterans House House Buildings. Buildings. and and Memorial Memorial to to Ramps Ramps and and at at Fell Fell right right Oak Oak Street Street center.

Central Central Freeway Freeway Francisco, Francisco, in in San San looking looking from from southeast southeast lurk lurk Street Street and and Gough Gough terminus. terminus. Hall Hall Street Street at at City City exteeme exteeme Civic Civic facing facing Opera left left Center Center center center the the

Cruz, Cruz, April April the the completed completed freeway freeway is is extended 1959, was was being being route route in in -lane -lane as as San San a a four freeway freeway from from Jose

freeway freeway entrance entrance realignment realignment major major this along along A A to to constructed the the of of was was Santa City City originally originally It It terial. terial.

North North from from Village. Santa's Santa's Cruz Cruz Santa Santa the the to to continues continues important important landscaped recently recently ning ning this this on on ar-

and and Danta Danta expressway expressway Street. from from way- in Route Route Sign Sign Oakland Oakland 1 1 completed completed plan- in in was was 1958, 1958,

landscaping landscaping Valley Valley provide provide continuous continuous will will between between Roberts Roberts a a free- Road freeway freeway between between uous uous Jose Jose San San and

in in the the 1960 three through through -lane -lane -61 -61 budget budget S.S S.S highway highway Scott miles miles for for Although Although the the contin- in in of last last the the gap gap

year year and and $175,000 $175,000 The The Valley. Valley. at at Scott Scott elimination elimination

has has of of the

been been

provided

San San Jose Jose Freeway) to to (Nimitz (Nimitz Oakland Oakland

tracts tracts were were completed completed and and and and Canyon Canyon Glen Glen overcrossing during during an an past the the

Additional Additional interchanges interchanges signal signal cludes cludes at at Granite Granite and and Creek minor minor con- $87,500.

more more fully fully under under US US $1,500,000 $1,500,000 expressway expressway -lane -lane 101 101 four in- Bypass.) completed completed was was January, January, costing in in

completion completion in in August, August, north north Creek Creek Granite Granite is is This of of Road. Road. discussed way way Gatos Gatos Bascom between between Los Los and and

Nimitz Nimitz Freeways, Freeways, also also Glen Glen from from Canyon Canyon mile to to scheduled scheduled Road Road 0.6 0.6 for Planting Planting the the the the remainder remainder of of on on free-

ing ing this this work work with with the the 3 tion tion is is -mile -mile on on starting starting Bayshore Bayshore the the section and is is being being completed completed $49,000. cost cost of of at at a a

cluded. cluded. (The (The second second project project Immediately Immediately the the north, north, connect- to to construc- Interchange Interchange Avenue Avenue toga toga Gatos in in Los Los

the the Guadalupe Guadalupe River River are are pressway. also also in- landscaping landscaping project project A A at at the the Sara-

ture ture at at Laurel Laurel Street Street a a and and bridge bridge provided provided are are most most of of over the the along along ex- Road, Road, Bascom Bascom and and Avenue.

North North First First Street. Street. A A separation separation Beulah Beulah Frontage Frontage Drive. Drive. Park Park struc- roads nue, nue, Hamilton Hamilton Creek Stevens Stevens Avenue, Avenue,

El El Camino Camino Real, Real, Coleman Coleman underpass underpass and and tiempo tiempo and an an Street, Street, structure structure at Avenue, Avenue, Lark Lark Avenue, Avenue, Camden Camden Ave-

will will be be provided provided at at Bascom Bascom Avenue, interchange interchange cludes cludes facilities facilities at at Pasa- changes changes provided provided were were Saratoga at at

Construction Construction Company. Company. complete. complete. Interchanges $1,650,000 $1,650,000 The The contract contract in- included included ect ect 20 20 structures. structures. Inter-

Ball Ball and and Simpson, Simpson, and and Lew Lew Frederickson Frederickson Jones and and Watson, Watson, is is virtually opened opened traffic. traffic. to to $5,835,000 $5,835,000 proj- This This

H. H. Gordon Gordon Ball, Ball, H. H. Gordon Gordon Ball, Ball, pletion pletion Inc., being being May May performed performed in in by Bascom Bascom Avenue Avenue in in Jose Jose San San was

ing ing performed performed as as a a j j oint oint venture venture by This This Road. Road. work, work, scheduled scheduled for for com- Gatos Gatos Los Los Gatos Gatos Highway Highway in in Los Los and

uled uled for for completion completion in in August, August, is is be- Carbonera Carbonera to to Creek Creek Glen Glen near near Canyon between between junction junction of of the the Saratoga- the the

cost cost of of $3,117,000. $3,117,000. This This work, work, sched- 3.3 3.3 miles miles by by four -lane -lane of of expressway, the the when when section section 8.8 -mile -mile of of freeway James Lick MemoeiaP (Bayshore) Freeway in San Francisco at the site of construction for the Southern Freeway Interchange. Alemany Interchange in foreground; looking south. to High Street in Oakland, but in- eight lanes between Hegenberger Funds have been provided in the creased flows of traffic have indicated Road and Fallon Street in Oakland and 1959-60 budget for construction of the the need for additional lanes. The first will be advertised this summer. This Floresta Drive Overcrossing over such widening project was completed. 5.6-mile project will include median Nimitz Freeway in San Leandro in 1956 between Washington Avenue barrier installation from High Street which will be advertised for kids this in San Leandro and High Street in to Fallon Street. Studies for an addi- spring. Jointly financed by the City of Oakland to handle the increased traffic San Leandro, this tional two lanes of widening to pro- project will cost resulting from completion of the four- $283,000, of which $160,000 is vide an eight-lane freeway being lane freeway between US 50 and the as far south provided by the State. as Route 228 in San Leandro are pro- Nimitz Freeway. Presently under construction is 6.8 Funds in the amount of $4,800,000 ceeding and asix-lane facility from miles of median barrier installation be- have been provided in the 1960-61 there to Route 105 in Hayward are tween Washington Avenue and High. budget for additional widening to under way. Street at a cost of $214,000. Chain-link

March-April 1960 a3

24 24 California California Highways Highways Public Public Works and and

intersections intersections along along Hoffman Hoffman Boule- to to lies lies the the existing existing of of west west bridge bridge state state high- project project authorized authorized the the by by Leg-

channelizations channelizations

ments ments and and of of various tion tion of of interstate interstate the the route route location bonds bonds conjunction conjunction in in with with the the toll

projects projects including including drainage drainage improve- north north of of Mission Mission Jose, Jose, this this San San self, self, por- will will be be financed financed through through revenue

the the

interim, interim, as as the the in in past, past, numerous From From Springs Springs Warm Warm of of miles two two this this to to point, point, including including the the bridge bridge it-

yet yet programed programed construction. construction.

for for In

program. program. state state Construction Construction northerly

Sign Sign Route Route —Warm —Warm 21 Springs Springs to to Qublin

mated mated $11,850,000 $11,850,000

to to

cost cost and and not is is and and eral eral participation participation state state inter- the the in in

Bridge. Bridge.

This This

5.8 -mile -mile section section is is esti- of of Bay Bay Toll Toll Street Street Crossings. in in Martinez Martinez frorri frorri fed- be be will will

end end

of of

the the Richmond -San -San Rafael through through bonds bonds Financing Financing the the issued issued by by Division of of this this facility facility to to Escobar

Street Street

Marine Marine and and

Street, Street, at at east the the eastern eastern approaches approaches were were constructed tinez- Benicia Benicia Bridge Bridge has has adopted. been been

for for

a a future future

eight eight

lanes lanes between between 32d San San Rafael- Richmond Richmond Bridge Bridge waybetween waybetween and and its Monument Monument the the and and Mar-

Street Street

Richmond Richmond

in in

with with

provisions vision vision Highways Highways of of 1957. 1957. funds funds while while route route The The the future future for for the the free-

between between

El El Cerrito Cerrito Overhead Overhead

and and

32d these these approaches approaches provided provided was was has has by by in in Di- been been operation operation since since January January of

the the

construction construction

of of -lane -lane

freeway a a six tion tion cost cost $767,000. $767,000. Financing Financing mile mile for section section of of freeway freeway Monument to to

Design Design

studies studies

are are

under under way way

for bridge. bridge. This This -mile -mile freeway freeway two North North sec- of of Oakland Oakland Boulevard, Boulevard, 2.9- a a

freeway freeway ous ous

between between

US US

and and 101 101 the US US 40 40 to to US US Route Route (Sign (Sign 101 101 17) Harney.

gust gust of of last last and and year year

provides provides

continu-

is is being being performed performed

by by

Charles Charles

Street. The The other other unit unit was was

completed completed

Au-

in in

was was started started

1957. 1957. in in

June June of of

The The

work

Fifth Fifth Avenue Avenue Overhead Overhead buron buron and and Street Street Linden

Point Point and and San San Quentin.

included included are are

in in contract contract this this

which

1.5 -mile -mile landscaping landscaping The The first first project project contract contract between

was was between between

Ti-

structures structures

and and five five

major major interchanges

included included in in the the 1960 -61 -61 freeway freeway standards standards

budget budget for for

the two two in in

projects.

to to Walnut Walnut

Creek. Creek.

Sixteen Sixteen

major

Thirty -five -five thousand thousand San San dollars dollars Rafael Rafael

has has Bridge Bridge

been constructed constructed was was

the the

completed completed

freeway freeway Lafayette

near near

structure structure to to north north of of in in Market Market Marin Marin

Street. County County to to

the the

Richmond-

portion portion of of State State Sign Sign

Route Route

24 24

from

August August 1959 1959 from from A A western western the the

distribution approach approach

from from

US US

101

vard. vard. This This

contract contract also also

includes includes

the

landscaping landscaping

project project was was completed completed

appro~umately appro~umately $88,800.

Sign Sign Route Route 24 24

near near Oakland Oakland Boule-

Street, Street,

was was

completed. completed.

Also, Also,

a a $56,800

formed formed by by Lee Lee J. J. Immel Immel and and will will

cost Rudgear Rudgear Road Road

and and the the

junction junction

with

tween tween

Tennyson Tennyson

Road Road and and

Jackson

ing ing and and channelization, channelization, is is being being

per- four- four-

and and -lane -lane six

facility facility

between

scaping scaping

project project

costing costing

$84,000, $84,000,

be-

cluding cluding traffic traffic signals, signals, highway highway

light-

tion tion construction construction for for

of of a a 4.2

-mile

Street. Street.

In In

November, November,

a a

2.1 -mile -mile

land-

Street Street in in Richmond. Richmond. The The work, work,

in-

$8,546,000 $8,546,000 contract contract is is

nearing nearing comple-

placed placed

from from

98th 98th

Avenue Avenue

to to

High

of of Hoffman Hoffman Boulevard Boulevard and and

47th

the the In In vicinity vicinity Walnut Walnut

of of

Creek, Creek, an

while while

blocked

-out -out

guard guard

is is rail rail being under under construction construction at at the the

intersection

proximately proximately

5,000,000.

project project

to to

98th 98th

Avenue Avenue

in in

Oakland, cilities. cilities. One One such such project project

is is

presently

freeway freeway

which which

is is

expected expected

to to cost cost ap-

stalled stalled on on

the the

southerly southerly

portion portion

of of

the more more efficient efficient use use of of the the

existing existing

fa-

an an

initial initial

-lane, -lane, four ultimate ultimate

-lane six

fence fence

and and

cable cable

barrier barrier

is is

being being

in- yard yard have have been been completed completed

to to allow

Rights -of -way -way are are being being acquired acquired for

this this ing ing 12.2 12.2 miles miles freeway freeway of of facility.

vanced vanced the the for for projects projects two two

compris-

change change in in background.

nut nut Creek, Creek,

design design

studies studies

are are ad- well well

A A view view

northerly northerly along along Sign Sign

24 24 Route Route

at at the the

Oak Oak Park Park Boulevard Boulevard

Inferchange. Inferchange.

Hookston Hookston

Road Road Inter-

North North of of county county the the to to line line Wal-

change change with with US US 50.

cluded cluded this this in in work work was was the the inter-

miles, miles, 1.8 1.8 was was constructed constructed 1955. 1955. in in In-

tra tra Costa Costa county county a a line, line, distance distance of

freeway freeway between between US US and and 50 50 the the Con-

initial initial The The two two lanes lanes of of future the the

Roufe Roufe Sign Sign Dublin Dublin 21— Martinez to to

tion.

adopted adopted shortly shortly this this on on -mile -mile 11.1 por-

is is it it expected expected that that a a route route be will will

mission mission hearing hearing have have been been held held and

public public meetings meetings a a and and Highway Highway Com-

intersection intersection with with US US to to 50 50 Dublin,

cility cility to to Sunol. Sunol. North North Sunol Sunol of of the to to

portions portions which which complete complete will will fa- the the

way way for for freeway freeway a a both both on on these of of

Mission Mission Pass. Pass. Design Design studies studies under are are

reductions reductions tial tial in in grade grade rate rate the the over

exisring exisring along along the the route route substan- with with

route route has has adopted adopted been been generally

way. way. North North Mission Mission Jose, Jose, of of San San the islature in 1952. The bridge is pres- 1957. Immediately to the east of the Concord to the SacramenTo County 4ine ently under construction and is ex- Bypass is the Pleasant Hill Inter- Between the westerly portion north pected to be completed in the summer change which serves as a connection of Concord and Nero~y Road east of of 1962. A high level structure, west between this major freeway and an Antioch, Sign Routes 24 and 4 are of the existing Southern Pacific Rail- important county expressway to the identical. A major portion of the road Bridge, will cost approximately north; it will in the future provide a route between Willow Pass Road and $14,240,000. To be advertised southerly this connection to Oakland via A Street was completed to freeway summer are the approaches between the Shepherd Canyon Freeway. The standards in 1952. South of Sign the bridge and Arnold Industrial remaining portions of freeway re- Route 4 to Concord and north of A Highway (State Sign Route' quired 4). to provide a continuous free- Street in Antioch to the bridge, the Funds in the amount of $350,000 way from west of Orinda to north of route' has been adopted and design have been provided in the 1960-61 Monument near Concord are under studies are in an advanced stage. Budget for landscaping the project construction and has been discussed presently under construction near under Sign Route' 21. Junipero Serra Freeway Walnut Creek. Watkin and Sibbald are the contrac- From San Bruno Avenue north to its present Sign Route 24 tors on a $28,700 landscaping proj- intersection with Sign ect between Sunnybrook Drive and Route 1 in Daly City, the e~sting Beginning at Ashby Avenue Inter- Hodges Road which should Junipero Serra expressway is known change on US 40 (Eastshore Free- be completed shortly. $125,000 has been pro- as State Highway Route 237. Con- way) in Berkeley, Sign Route 24 pro- structed by Joint Highway District vided in the 1960-61 budget for land- ceeds easterly through the Broadway 10, it was taken into the state high- scaping the project between Orinda Tunnel to Walnut Creek, Concord, way system when that district was Antioch and northerly points via the Road and Sunnybrook Drive. Addi- dissolved in July of 1956. In this area, Antioch Bridge. tional funds are provided in the same numerous studies have been made in $10,000,000 is provided in the 1960- budget for landscaping the remaining connection with the development of 61 budget for an additional two-lane portion near Walnut Creek. other freeways in the vicinity for pos- bore to be constructed to the north of the two existing two-lane tunnels. Completion of this project for which bids will be advertised this summer will allow four-lane operation in one direction during peak hours and permit tunnel maintenance without re- stricting traffic flow during ofd peak hours. Easterly of the east portal to the completed freeway near Orinda, design is under way for an eight-lane freeway. This 1.6-mile section is expected to cost approximately $5,000,- 000.

Orinda to Arnold Industrial Freeway East of the Orinda interchange which has been in service since 1955, a 2.1-mile project was recently completed. This $4,380,000 contract provides a six-lane freeway between Orinda Road to 0.8 miles east of Sunnybrook Drive. The work, performed as a joint venture by Gordon H. Ball, Gordon Ball, Inc. and Ball and Simpson includes a diamond interchange' at Charles Hill Road and a four-quadrant cloverleaf at Acalanes Valley Road. It involved co-operative work with Contra Costa County and the Central Contra Costa Sanitary District. This project connects to the Lafay- ette Bypass which was completed in Looking north along Sign Roue 17 Freeway at Stevens Creek Road Interchange in San Jose. Bascom Avenue Interchange at upper right.

March-Agri! 1960 ~5

26 26 C'a(ifornia C'a(ifornia Highways Highways Public Public and and V1/carks

9 Joint Joint line line District District Highway Highway with with county county No. No. and and Bodega Bodega Bay. quired quired by by the the Citp Citp of of Sunnyvale.

0.4 0.4 financed $940,000, $940,000, jointly jointly mile mile cost cost is is tween tween being being south south of of the the Maria Freeway. Freeway. -way -way Rights -of are are being being ac-

expected expected sight sight provided provided distance. distance. work, work, to for for portions portions This This work work on on be- mino mino Real Real Sunnyvale Sunnyvale in in to to Bayshore

locations locations at at the the restricts the the Maria Maria $230,000 $230,000 terrain terrain where where coast. coast. has has been ern ern Pacific Pacific Railroad Railroad east east of of El El Ca-

structed structed projects projects lanes lanes with with locations locations being being ing ing four four various various built on at at Mathilda Mathilda Avenue Avenue between between the the South-

-61 -61 two two Initially Initially 1960 lanes lanes for for con- pav- are are budget budget being being and and drainage drainage a a four -lane -lane divided divided ' ' arterial arterial along

of of $120,000 $120,000 expressway expressway under under have have construction. is is been been in in the provided provided proximately proximately will will $220,000, $220,000, provide

of of a a Davenport, Davenport, Funds Funds south south amount amount mination. mination. section in in 3.1 the the of -mile -mile This This project, project, estimated estimated to to cost cost ap-

held held will will From From Creek Creek miles be be on on deter- Wilder Wilder the the to to route route soon soon 4.0 4.0 completion completion of of the the future future freeway.

completed. completed. meetings almost almost Public Public are are provement provement Highway Highway Joint Joint within within 9. District District Sunnyvale Sunnyvale No. No. pending

Station Bridge Bridge Reyes Reyes and and Gate Gate Point Point budget budget 1960 for for -61 -61 the the was was an an project project jointly jointly interim interim with financed financed im-

Golden of of between between north north one one mile mile Funds Funds have have also also been been provided provided Wilder Wilder This Cruz Cruz in Creek. Creek. and and Santa Santa

studies studies Route Route relocation relocation for for of of 1 Sign Sign alignment alignment Azule. Swift Swift in between between Street Street

North North planning Francisco, Francisco, of of San San route route expressway expressway Sign Sign 17 17 new four between between -lane -lane future future on on Route Route and

portion portion time time 1956. service service started started has has two two been been since since lanes lanes been been initial initial in in the the of of was was a this this the the on on of of this portion portion

freeway. freeway. Francisco. Francisco. to to lane lane Also Also 19th 19th about San San This completed completed of of Avenue Avenue studies studies 1958. 1958. vember vember Design Design in in have have also

expressway has has will will been been No- completed completed be be as as as as developed developed developed developed an an an an initial initial was was in in This This four- work work nue. nue.

Bayshore Bayshore Road Road Ave- (US (US Morrissey Morrissey 1 in in Sign Sign Freeway Freeway Daly Daly 101 101 mar mar Route Route 0.3 0.3 of of Bypass) City, City, mile mile and and east east

17 Junipero Junipero tion tion From From from from Serra Serra Skyline Skyline near near Route Route Freeway Freeway Boulevard Boulevard Edge- of of Sign Sign to junction junction the the tween tween

-lane -lane an an be- initial initial freeway freeway six as as The The -mile -mile freeway. freeway. por- the the 2.1 was was these these aration aration structures.

Freeway, Freeway, route route of will will the the be be recent recent developed most most The The standards. standards. t~ay t~ay a a six -lane -lane with with freeway freeway additional additional sep-

From From of of Azule Azule Junipero Junipero south south completed completed free- Serra to to have have projects projects been been development development are are for for progressing progressing its its to

Freeway Freeway shore shore near near two View. 'Mountain 'Mountain Santa Santa Cruz, Cruz, of of vicinity vicinity the the In In Boulevard Boulevard studies Design Design in in Daly Daly City. City.

17 17 Gatos Gatos to to Route Route Los Los Bay- in in the the tween tween Drive Drive Manor Manor and and Skyline freeway. full full of of

country country from from cross facility facility Sign - tant tant 1958 1958 6.5 as as a a development development in in this this -lane -lane be- expressway expressway four of of section -mile -mile

of of section section eight impor- -mile -mile this this an an north north Drive Drive studies studies of of Manor Manor was was are are completed well well for advanced advanced design design

acquired acquired being being -of -way -way rights are are for studies studies are are portion way. way. several several operation operation The The under under been been years years for for in in and

are are underway underway studies studies Design Design and north north Drive, Drive, an an of of Santa Santa has expressway expressway Manor Manor freeway freeway tion tion Cruz, Cruz, to to design

Between Between 0.4 0.4 Junc- Creek Creek Rob Rob North North Pedro Pedro Roy Roy Junction. Junction. of of mile and and Creek Creek Freeway Stevens Stevens

Watsonville Watsonville from from are are Roy anticipated anticipated to to way way ings ings Rob Rob in in the the near near future.

Hayward. of of

advanced advanced for for to to conversion conversion in in the the free- Devils Devils Public Public Slide Slide full full meet- area. area.

Street Street Jackson Jackson way way along along City in in the the

preliminary preliminary covering covering studies studies project project tion tion are are proposed proposed well the the relocation

-lane -lane

divided divided

conventional conventional high- four

freeway freeway Watsonville Watsonville bypass bypass studies studies at at and are are about about the the complete complete por- for for

terim terim

improvement improvement of of this this a route route as as

been been route route adopted adopted has has The The for for and and a geologic geologic held held and and materials

are are

studies studies advanced advanced the the in- well well for for

known known as as is is the the Highway. Cabrillo Cabrillo Preliminary Preliminary conferences conferences been have have

Nimitz Nimitz East East

of of

the the

design Freeway, Freeway,

of of San San South South Francisco, Francisco, this this Half Half facility Moon Moon Bay Bay and and Pedro Pedro Valley.

Crossings.

tween tween Canada Canada Verde Verde Creek Creek south south of

RouTe RouTe

Sign Sign

of of

Division Division Francisco Francisco

San San Bay Bay

Toll

Route Route tion. studies studies are are under under way way be-

standards. standards.

These These were were the made. made. by by

preparatory preparatory County. to to right -of -way -way acquisi-

its its converting converting approaches approaches freeway

to to

north north of of and and detailed detailed Tunitas Tunitas designs designs are are being being made Creele Creele in in San San Mateo

Mateo Mateo

four four

Bridge Bridge lanes lanes to to and and for

most most San San of of the the Gregorio Gregorio local local governmental governmental bodies Creek Creek and and one one mile

for for the the pleted pleted widening widening

of of the the

San

have have agreements agreements a a portion portion of of been been executed executed Sign Sign with Route Route 1 1 between

studies studies Preliminary Preliminary have have

been been com-

approximately approximately budget budget for for $74,000,000. $74,000,000. Freeway the the base base and and surfacing surfacing of

sign sign has has

been been started.

initial initial 000 000 is is development development have have estimated estimated been been to to be provided provided in in the the 1960 -61

adopted adopted

in in 1952, 1952, and and de- preliminary preliminary

rights cluding cluding project. project. the the -of -way, -way, Funds Funds cost cost of of the in in the the amount amount $150,- of of

line line

and and county county Nimitz Nimitz

was Freeway Freeway

on on over over 50 50 miles miles this this being being of of In- contributed contributed facility. facility. to to this this $417,000

Alameda Alameda in in County County

the between between

pleted. pleted. Design Design studies studies are are under under San San way Francisco Francisco including including the the $240,000

Commission. Commission.

That That

portion portion route

of of the the

and and aerial aerial has has mapping mapping been been Sign Sign com- Route Route 1 1 between between Santa Santa Cruz Cruz and

1957 1957 adopted adopted in in

by by

the the State State

Highway

San San Mateo Mateo County. County. to to the the Survey Survey control improvement improvement of of the the 68 68 miles miles of

line, line, a a distance distance

of of

7.2 7.2 miles, miles, was

Clara Clara to to County County San San Bruno Bruno Avenue Avenue contributed contributed in approximately approximately $3,883,000

Boulevard) Boulevard) to to the the

Alameda Alameda

county

US US 101 101 south south of of Ford Ford Road Road district's district's Santa in in organization organization 1927, 1927, in in it it has

Freeway) Freeway)

Sign Sign

from from

5 5 (Skyline Route Route

now now been been entirely entirely adopted adopted between the the State State and and 9. 9. JHD JHD No. No. Since Since the

San San Mateo Mateo

in in

County County (19th (19th

Avenue

Highway Highway 239. 239. Route Route The The route route stage stage has improvement improvement financed financed by jointly jointly

The The

route route

freeway freeway for for

the the portion

the the nated nated by by 1957 1957 Legislature Legislature as as and and State widening widening and and completes completes the the first-

to to Junipero Junipero

Serra Serra Freeway.

important important interstate interstate route route was was volves volves desig- reconstruction, reconstruction, realignment,

-San -San Mateo Mateo ward Bridge Bridge

and and

westerly

South South

of of San San Bruno Bruno Avenue Avenue Whitehouse Whitehouse this Creek. Creek. This This work work in-

between between

El El Camino Camino Real Real

and and

Hay- the the

1960. January January county county line line and and 0.2 0.2 mile mile south south of

way way are are being being acquired acquired

for for

a a freeway

line. line. Public Public meetings meetings were were held held in New New Years Years Creek Creek near near the the Santa Santa Cruz

is is Design Design

under under way way

and and rights -of-

and and Avenue Avenue the the San San Francisco Francisco county

der der construction construction is is 2.1 2.1 miles miles between

Counties

sible sible

relocation relocation between between Bruno San San which which contributed contributed

$240,000. $240,000.

Also Also

un-

Route Route 105 Mateo Mateo —San —San and and Alameda Mountain View-Milpitas Area Approximately one mile of initial four-lane development on Sagn Route 9 between Bayshore and 0.2 mile east of Borregas Avenue is included in the $4,760,000 contract which will be advertised shortly for completion of US 101 Bypass (Bayshore Freeway) in Mountain View. Major construction in this area during the past year was the completion of the interchange at the intersection of Bayshore Freeway and Mountain View-Alviso Road. This $1,257,000 contract completed in July is covered previously in this article in connection with the discussion of US 101 Bypass. Design studies are in progress for the portion of this route between US 101 and Nimitz Freeway. Develop- ment is planned as an initial four-lane freeway with provisions for a future six lanes. This route was adapted in 1954. Since 1957 two lanes of the future Alviso Bypass Freeway have been in operation between Lawrence Sta- tion Road and the San Jose-Alviso Road. Between El Camino Real and Bay- shore Boulevard the route was adopted in September of 1958. An initial four- lane freeway is planned for this 2.5- mile section.

Route 228—Nimitz Freeway to US 50 Additional landscaping has just been planted in a $90,500 contract between Center Street in Castro Valley on US SO and the Nimitz Freeway. This work supplements planting placed under aprevious contract. This important freeway connection between Sign Route 17 and US 50 was completed in September of 1956, providing continuous freeway and expressway between the Bay Bridge and Tracy in San Joaquin County.

Webster Street Tube A $20,000,000 contract is presently under way for the construction of a parallel two-lane tube and approaches between Oakland and Alameda. The new underwater tube will be 3,350 feet long from portal to portal and the all-tiled interior of the tube will be illuminated by continuous fluorescent New secfion of Warren Boulevard in Oakland look)ng north from Redwood Road to Lincoln Avenue. lighting. An extensive ventilation system to supply nearly a million cubic The portion of the tube between then backfilled. The remainder of the feet of fresh air per minute inside the First and Fourth Streets in Oakland tube will be constructed by sinking tube will be installed. will be built in place in a trench and precast sections in a dredged trench

March-April 1960 2~ 1959 by Arntz Brothers at a cost of $287,000. This work consisted of partly dismantling and relocaring a 600-foot by 150-foot metal hangar from within the required right-of- way to anew location within the Naval Air Station. The hangar was reconstructed as a 300-foot by 300-foot building. Additional contracts will be required to relocate the railroad mar- shaling yards adjacent to the U.S. Army depot; reconstructing the existing sewer outfall from the service installations and providing additional paved storage areas.

Warren Boulevard (Mountain Boulevard) Another unit of this route, being developed jointly by the State, County of Alameda, and the City of Oakland, was recently completed providing a continuous freeway between Broad- way Terrace and Redwood Road in Oakland. This route from State Sign Route 24 near Lake Temescal to a connection with the future MacAr- thur Freeway (US 50) at Calaveras Street near Mills College was originally established by Joint Highway District No. 26. Although this district was dissolved by the Legislature in July of 1954, the City of Oakland and Alameda County have agreed to continue to provide a total of $300,000 per year until 1961 for completion of this initial four-lane, future six-lane

South Main Street Interchange on SSR 24 in Walnut Creek, with new Walnut Creek "Y" Interchange in freeway. upper left. Between Broadway Terrace and Lincoln Avenue, the freeway has and backfilling with a sand blanket in work is being performed as a joint been in operation since August of the underwater area. Twelve tube sec- venture by Pomeroy-Bates and Roger 1958. The 1.6-mile portion recently tions, each 200 feet long and 37 feet T. Gerwick and is expected to be completed from Lincoln Avenue to in diameter will be built in dry dock, completed late in 1962. Redwood Road was constructed as a floated to the proper location, sunk Upon completion of the new tube, joint venture by Frederickson and and connected in final location at the existing Posey Tube will be closed Watson and Ransome Company and depths up to 90 feet. This is the 12th for rehabilitation and inter-connecting cost an estimated $1,088,500. Also underwater vehicular tube to be con- work under another project. At the completed during the past year was a structed by this method throughout completion of this work, the two landscaping contract between Park the world. The adjacent Posey Tube, tubes will be operated as one-way Boulevard and Lincoln Avenue at a which was completed in 1928, was facilities. cost of $19,000. the first. Several other contracts were re- Design studies are well advanced Included in the work is the pro- quired to relocate U.S. Government for the remaining portions of this posed Fourth Street Overcrossing ad- facilities and replace in kind, storage freeway between the end of the com- jacent to the Eastern Portal building areas purchased from the Depart- pleted project and MacArthur Free- and temporary structure for the sup- ments of Army and Navy for tube way. port of the main line Western and construction. The first of such con- Shepherd Canyon Freeway Southern Pacific Railroads. Tempo- tracts was completed in 1958 provid- Freeway agreements have been exe- rary structures are also required for ing apaved storage' area for the Naval cuted and design studies are proceed- support of major utilities, including Air Station in Alameda. A major re- ing fox the development of this 10.3- sewers, during construction. This location contract was completed in n~ile route as an initial four-lane, ulti-

28 California Highways and Public Works mate six-lane fx°eeway. Beginning at surveys are under way. An initial four- state highway system by the Legisla- Warren Boulevard at the Park Boule- lane, future six-lane facility is to be ture in 1959. vard Interchange, the route adopted developed on new alignment north of Arnold Industrial Freeway (Sign Route 4) in December 1956 follows Shepherd the existing highway. Some rights-of- Canyon adjacent to the abandoned way are being acquired. Design studies are well advanced Sacramento Northern Railroad. A for portions of this route from US 40 tunnel, approximately 1,400 feet long, Raute 108—Sunol to Livermore near Hercules to Willow Pass Road will be required through the Oakland A public hearing vas held by the northeast of Concord. The freeway Hills. Crossing Moraga Valley just Highway Commission on September route for this section was adopted in north of the present townsite, the 25, 1959, concerning a freeway rout- October, 1958. A short relocation and freeway will terminate at Sign Route ing fora 10-mile section of Highway the interchange with US 40 was con- 24 at Pleasant Hill Interchange. Route 108 between Sunol and US 50 structed in conjunction with the con- near Livermore, but further action struction of US 40. Route 107—Dumbarton Bridge fo Niles toward adoption of a route is being From Willow Pass Road to Neroly The route for this 5.7-mile' section deferred pending studies of an exten- Road east of Antioch, the route is between Dumbarton Road and Sign sion of Route 108 to the north of US covered in this article under Sign Route 9 at Niles has been adopted and 50. This extension was added to the Route 24 since within these limits

Healdsburg Bypass, looking east from infersecfion of new construction weih existing highway at Grant. City of Healdsburg en background. Russian River in center with bridge crossings (left to right) at freeway, old highway and NWP Railroad.

March-April 1960 29

30 30 California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

-61 -61 for for budget budget 1960 the the first first of of a unit unit Public Public meetings meetings have have been been held held on herent herent -range -range long planning planning based based on

Funds Funds have have provided provided been been in in the proceeding proceeding the the remaining remaining on on portion. The The freeways, freeways, because because of of their their in-

and and Rutherford Rutherford

and and

studies studies design design are Route Route Sign Sign 29 structed structed 1947. since since

adopted adopted its its

in in between between entirety entirety

Napa

hundreds hundreds of of miles miles freeways freeways of of con-

future future

and and

improvement.

Undercrossing. Undercrossing.

The The has has

route route been

least least of of these these is is changes changes in in evident evident the

are are

being being made made relocation possible possible for for

struction struction of of

the the

California California

Drive

surrounding surrounding hills hills valleys. valleys. and and Not Not the

East East Napa. Napa.

of of planning planning studies Napa, Napa,

2.9 on on this this

-mile -mile

section section included included

con-

unchanging unchanging but but of of the the face face bay bay and and its

line line county county

and and

Imola Imola Avenue Avenue in

completed completed in in

July July

of of last last

year. year. Work

hand hand superimposed superimposed upon upon the the unique

freeway freeway lane lane

between between the the Sonoma

expressway expressway

bypassing bypassing

Yountville Yountville were

in in the the Bay Bay area area may may be be seen seen on on every

will will

ultimately ultimately

developed developed

be be to to a a six-

Two Two lanes lanes

of of

the the future future -lane four

Signs Signs of of prodigious prodigious postwar postwar growth two initial initial expressway, expressway, -lane -lane which

}-. expresswa

under under ies ies are are way way for for portions portions of of an

Summation

studies studies in in progress progress are are for for afour -lane east east of of Carneros Carneros School. School. Design Design stud-

of -way -way as as years years four are are being being a a acquired acquired -lane -lane expressway. and and design of of the the county county Napa Napa line line to to Fniles 2.2 2.2

29 29 and and completed completed have have been been Yountville Yountville operating operating Bypass, Bypass, rights- for for many structed structed from from two two a a point point miles miles east

These These line. line. Orchard Orchard sections sections From From Avenue Avenue of of to to the the Sign Sign Route Route newly 12 future future four -lane -lane freeway freeway were were con-

Imola Imola chard chard Avenue Avenue Avenue Avenue and and were were the the completed completed Solano Solano county in in 1957. 1955, 1955, In In the the two two initial initial lanes lanes of of a

a a future future way way -lane -lane between between six freeway freeway Union Union Station Station between and and Or- for for a a future future freeway. six -lane -lane

made made 2.3 2.3 Napa, Napa, for for right miles miles -of -way -way acquisition acquisition of of four for -lane -lane express- line, line, planning planning studies studies under under are are way

South South of of Avenue Avenue Napa, Napa, studies studies and and Sonoma Sonoma Road. Road. are are being North North of Sears Sears From From to to Point Point Napa Napa the the county

and and frontage frontage roads roads between between Imola struction struction have have been been within within in in limits. service service these these since since 19.i 19.i 6.

the the Old Old Sonoma Sonoma Road Road Overcrossing This This 1958. 1958. way way St. St. between between Helena Helena was was the the and and stage stage second second con- Calistoga

first first contract contract will will be be construction construction of of of two level level -lane, -lane, high high future future structure structure four completed completed -lane -lane express- in

tion tion Napa Napa in in Included Included County. County. in in the Helena. Helena. approaches approaches I~Torth I~Torth of of St. St. to to the the Helena, Helena, new new Petaluma Petaluma 3.8 3.8 Creels miles

Imola Imola tween tween Avenue Avenue Union Union and and Sta- freeway freeway the the between between Atherton Atherton Rutherford Rutherford Avenue Avenue Interchange, Interchange, and and and St.

3.25 -mile -mile initial initial -lane -lane four freeway freeway be- the the of of portion portion in constructing constructing in the the future future two two additional additional four lanes, -lane

dred dred sixty sixty thousand thousand dollars dollars was was spent

Sears Sears Point. Point. One One eight eight million million hun-

Pasatiempo Pasatiempo Interchange, Interchange, looking looking }owards }owards south south on on Santa Santa Cruz Cruz Route Route Sign Sign 17. between between US US 101 101 at at Ignacio Ignacio Wye Wye and

-lane -lane four expressway expressway were were completed

1959, 1959, 6.7 6.7 In In June June of of miles miles of of initial

Sign Sign Route Route 37 37 (Black (Black Point Point Cutoff)

planning planning are are studies studies in in progress.

Ken~~ood Ken~~ood and and Schellville, Schellville, preliminary

mile mile section section Route Route of of Sign Sign 12 12 between

way way are are being being acquired. acquired. On On the the 13.8-

are are under under way way and and some some -of- rights

bastopol bastopol and and Kenwood. Kenwood. Design Design studies

in in adopted adopted 1957 1957 January January between between Se-

A A freeway freeway 17 17 route route miles miles long long was

Sign Sign Route Route 12

this this area.

a a of of result result the the rapid rapid transit transit studies studies in

important important interchange interchange are are as pending pending

thur thur Freeway. Freeway. Detailed Detailed plans plans this for for

1960 -61 -61 budget budget contract contract on on MacAr-

Freeway Freeway will will be be placed placed a a as as of of part part a

change change connections connections MacArthur with with

planned. planned. Footings Footings for for the the future future inter-

Tunnel. Tunnel. An An eight -lane -lane freeway freeway is

Nimitz Nimitz Freeway Freeway and and the the Broadway

on on this this important important link. link. between between the

and and design design studies studies are are well well advanced

Rights -of are are -way -way being being acquired

Grove Grove Shafter Shafter Freeway

road road Avenue Avenue Interchange Interchange in in Pittsburg.

$33,250 $33,250 landscaping landscaping project project at at Rail-

under under way way within within these these limits limits is is a

routes routes both both are are identical. identical. Presently STATUS OF DISTRICT IV FREEWAY AND EXPRESSWAY PROJECTS March 1960

Completed projects Under contract Budgeted Right of Way expended Total Construction Construction Construction and Description miles Miles cost Miles cost Miles cost budgeted

US LOI AND IOI BYPASS Bayshore and James Lick Memorial Freeway US 101 Bypass, Southern Freeway in San Francisco to Ford Road South of San Jose______52.9 38.7 $39,716,000 5.6 $6,609,000 8.6 ¶$12,323,000 $23,389,000 Southern Freeway______4.7 ______**8,930,000 2.3 11,025,000 18,109,000 James Lick Memorial Freeway______3.0 3.0 11,427,000 ______10,000 12,870,000 Central Freeway______1.8 1.8 11,862,000 ______66,000 ______100,000 8,552,000 Golden Gate Freeway------1.1 ------,- 1.1 5,100,000 881,000 Ford Road South of San Jose to San Benito County Line( portions)------5.8 5.8 1,093,000 ------546;000 Redwood Freeway; Golden Gate Bridge to Mendocino County Line______84.3 51.9 *37,226,000 3.7 3,641,000 9.2 6,630,000 13,736,000

U.S4~~ SAN r'RANCISCO TO CARQUINEZ BRIDGE (portions)_ 18.2 15.9 §56~517~~0~ 2,3 5583,000 ______435~0~~ 13~292~~~0 US 50 MacArthur Freeway; distribution structure to Castro Valley______15.3 ______1.5 10,000,000 2.7 13,000,000 43,470,000 Castro Valley to San Joaquin County Line______31.4 31.4 11,662,000 ______6,370,000

SIGN ROUTE ICI Nimitz Freeway, distribution structure to Bayshore Freeway at San Jose______41.3 41.3 55,123,000 ______215,000 ______4,995,000 21,681,000 Santa Cruz to San Jose (portions)______19.9 10.6 9,288,000 7.1 6,266,000 2.2 1,775,000 9,849,000 US 40 nearAl6anytoUS101nearSanRafael (portions)_ 9.9 2.4 1,973,000 ______1,805,000

SIGN ROUTE 9 AND ZZ Warm Springs to US 50 (portions)------9.7 ------578,000 US 50 to Walnut Creek______16.0 2.1 550,000 1.4 2,360,000 ______150,000 7,320,000 Walnut Creek to Monument______3.4 2.0 2,868,000 1.4 6,236,000 ______200,000 6,801,000 Monument toSolanoCountyLine______7.4 ______3.2 16,833,000 3,022,000 Sign Route 9 North of Route 21 in Fremont------2.2 ------GROVE-SHAFTER FREEWAY AND SIGN ROUTE L4 Sign Route 17 in Oakland to Warren Boulevard______4.8 ______2,988,000 Warren Boulevard to Walnut Creek______11.0 6.8 9,561,000 ______39,000 0.8 10,125,000 5,584,000 North of Monument to Sign Route 4, Concord______3.4 ______226,000 ______867,000 EMBARCADERO FREEWAY ______I.S I.S 14~~IC)4~000 ______1~L~LHS~000 PARK-PRESIDIO FREEWAYS GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE TO FULTON STREET-'-'--'------'------'-'--- Z.1 I.Z 1~'~4S~000 ------'----- 3000 JUNIPERO SERRA FREEWAY. US 101 South of San Jose to Sign Route 17______10.0 ______335,000 Sign Route 17 to San Francisco County Line______43.9 ______6,448,000

CAB RILLO HIGHWAY San Pedro Creek to Lake Merced Boulevard in San 10.0 5.4 Francisco------2,766,000 ------2,012,000 Watsonville to 4 miles South of Davenport (portions) _ _ _ 22.8 12.4 6,299,000 3.1 631,000 ______2,879,000

.J UNIPERO SERRA FREEWAY TO NI MITZ FREEWAY 19th Avenue Freeway, Junipero Serra Freeway to Alameda County Line at San Mateo Bridge(portions)_ 8.0 ______3,301,000 San Mateo County Line to Nimitz Freeway______6.8 ______25,000

PACHECO PASS: L MILE EAST OF BELLS STATION TO MERGED COUNTY LINE"'__'__'____"'____"'_____' S.3 5.3 1~285~0~~ '__"_ """""____ '____'"_"___'__'_' 12~Q(~

WEST OF US IOl TO BYPASS US 1O1 IN REDWOOD CITY ~xoUTEzi4>------i.1 ------soo,000 STE VENS CREEK FREEWAYS SIGN ROUTE 17 TO BAYSHO RE FREEWAY AT MOUNTAIN VIEW_""'__"""""""' 13.E) '___'_ _'_____"'_"_ ""_'__""""'_""'___ '______'___' Z,989~000

MOUNTAIN VIEW-ALVISO FREEWAY-EL CA MINO REAL TO EASTSHORE FREEWAY______IO.S 2.1 1~~~6~~~~~ ______1.1 850~~~~ 699~~~

FREEWAY CONNECTION FROM NIMITZ FREEWAY TO US 50 (RocrrE 228)------2.2 2.2 2,803,000 ------2,467,000

BAY FARM ISLAND BRIDGE AND APPROACHES.._:______O.E) O.G 2~OE)~L,000 ______165000

WEBSTER STREET TUBS______1.1 ______LO3.000 1.1 17.363.000 ______3.073,000

/March-April 1960 $1

32 32 California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

from from stems stems to to reduce reduce efforts efforts pressures Budget. construction construction projects.

Apart Apart of of the the kaleidoscopic kaleidoscopic scene added added to to the the 1960 Highway -61 -61 State State from from accumulated accumulated bids bids favorable favorable on

ects ects in in 11 11 counties. counties. The The projects projects were reserves reserves contingency contingency and and from from savings gestion.

$12,590,000 $12,590,000 for for major major proj- highway highway man, man, said said allocations allocations from the the were were in in effort effort to to spread spread an an peak -hour -hour con-

fornia fornia Highway Highway allocated Commission Commission Robert Robert B. B. commission commission Bradford, Bradford, chair- to to arrive arrive at at staggered staggered working working hours

its its At At March March the the meeting meeting Cali- State State of of ~ ~ Director Director Public Public Works and and studies studies sion; sion; local local associations by by

Golden Golden the the mate mate Commis- Authority Authority Allocates Allocates Commission Commission Contingency Contingency Funds

transit transit rapid rapid the the formation formation studies; studies; of

roads; roads; the the resurgence resurgence area of of Bay Bay

studies studies streets streets on on city city and and county increased increased traffic traffic emphasis emphasis is is other other on natural natural its its beauty."

current current No. No. Resolution Resolution deficiency 62 62 of of lem lem for for and providing providing commuter commuter residences, residences, its its plans plans for for urban urban renewal,

District District I I V) V) ; ;

current current

the the

Con- Senate Senate Over Over and and

above above the the prob- immediate immediate landmarks, landmarks, its its historic historic its its parks parks and

266 266 added added miles miles state state highways highways of of in

through through the the Oakland Oakland hills. to to of of other other a a community's community's aspects aspects

life:

and and

expressway expressway legislation legislation (which

to -be- constructed constructed soon- tunnel parallel parallel

They They rapidly. rapidly. can can and and must must be be related

No. No.

26 26

lution lution

and and its its resultant resultant freeway cisco-

Oakland Oakland

Bay Bay and and

Bridge; Bridge; a

a a way way of of than than moving moving traffic motor motor

way way

matters; matters;

Senate Senate Concurrent Concurrent

Reso-

current current of of revamping revamping the the San San Fran-

"Freeways "Freeways thusly: thusly: should should be be

phasis phasis

on on local local participation participation in in high-

ern ern Crossing Crossing rapid rapid and and tube; transit transit

expressed expressed

the the shape shape

come of of things things

to to

Commission's Commission's policy policy placing placing more more em-

contemplated contemplated construction construction of of a a South-

Governor Governor G. G. Edmund Edmund Brown Brown recently

Federal Federal

Act; Act; Highway Highway the the Highway cations cations to to the the Golden Golden Gate Gate Bridge;

indicates indicates ent, ent, portentous portentous years years ahead.

state state and and tional, tional, local local scenes scenes are are the Mateo Mateo and and Bridge Bridge San San further further modifi-

The The tempo tempo transportation's transportation's of of ness ness

change, change,

of of past past and and pres- role role on on na- the the proposed proposed parallel parallel construction construction of of the

Symptomatic Symptomatic

of of mounting mounting aware- Bridge Bridge Monterey Monterey Webster Webster and and Bay. the the to to Tube; Street Street

the the past past during during 10 10 years. construction construction of of the the Martinez - Benicia tional tional Parkway Parkway from from the the Golden Golden Gate

the the forefront forefront of of regional regional development parallel parallel Carquinez Carquinez a a Bridge; Bridge; present tion tion of of scenic scenic a a leisurely, leisurely, Skyline Skyline Na-

projections, projections, economic economic have have been been new new in Richmond the the Bridge; -San -San Rafael Rafael transport transport and and the the facilities, facilities, contempla-

comprehensive comprehensive

traffic, traffic, population population up up and geographical geographical built built by by landscaping landscaping limitations; and and aesthetic aesthetic blending blending of

¶ ¶ Includes Includes $300,000 $300,000 contributed contributed by by co- agencies. operatins operatins

$29,117,000 $29,117,000 § § Toll Toll Funds Funds in in this this Brfdge Brfdge amount.

$ $ oP oP Oakland Oakland City City and and contributions contributions Alameda Alameda County County included included in in this this figure.

$6,833,000 $6,833,000 from from Toll Toll t t Bridge Bridge Fund.

Includes Includes total total of of $1,600,000 $1,600,000 •3 •3 by by City City of of San San Francisco.

~ ~ Golden Golden of of $5,000,000 $5,000,000 Includes Includes total total by by Gate Gate B~7dge B~7dge and and District. Highway Highway

Totals Totals ______612.2 _ _ _ _ 292.6 $301,406,000 $67,939,000 27.2 31.7 $73,951,000 $249,924,000

NAPA__ '_"""""__"'_"_"_____""_"_"'____ 5,900,000 7.2 ------13.4 ------832,000

SIGN SIGN ROUTE ROUTE 3~~ 3~~ REDWOOD REDWOOD FROM FROM AT AT IGNACIO IGNACIO FREEWAY FREEWAY TO

4S~ 4S~ )IGN )IGN ROUTE ROUTE TO TO SIGN SIGN SO SO LANG LANG ROUTE ROUTE COUNTY COUNTY 3~I 3~I 2.3 ______LINE______

( Portions)------35.7 22.2 -- -- 3,472,000 -- -- 400,000 ------0.5 ------3,664,000

ROUTE ROUTE 29~ 29~ SIGN SIGN TO TO COUNTY COUNTY SOLANO SOLANO CA CA LISTOGA LINE LINE

)IGN )IGN ROUTE ROUTE TO TO ILA ILA SEBASTO SEBASTO POL POL KENWOOD""'_"_'_'__ I~I.7 '_"__ __'_'___""__ _""_'_""'______' '""" _____"'"'""' L~E)~IZ~OOO

Z4~ Z4~ HERCULES HERCULES TO TO ANTIOCH ANTIOCH BRIDGE______34.~ 4~694~~~ 14.7 ______1~61~~~

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL ~RNOLD ~RNOLD FREEWAYS FREEWAYS ROUTES ROUTES SIGN SIGN 4 4 AND

9 9

NILES""' ______'__'__'_'_"'_'_'_"'_"'_" AT AT '_'___ S.~I ______"_"'______'__"' "'_'_'__'__" "_____'_"""' SO~~

MILES MILES ~.0 ~.0 EAST EAST OF OF DUMBARTON DUMBARTON TO TO SIGN SIGN BRIDGE BRIDGE ROUTE

FREEWAY FREEWAY TO TO SIGN SIGN ROUTE ROUTE Z4'___'______"___"'_____ LO.3 "'_" ___""""_'_""_" _'_'_"""_'_ """ _'__'_""__" 4SO~0~o

)HEPHERD )HEPHERD CANYON CANYON FREEWAYS FREEWAYS WARREN WARREN BOULEVARD

COUNTYLINE------

------~.'~' ------'------

CRACY CRACY TRIANGLE: TRIANGLE: IIO~ IIO~ US US ~RO ~RO TO TO UTE UTE SAN SAN JO JO JOAQUIN

TE TE MESCAL MESCAL LAKE LAKE TO TO MACA MACA RTHUR RTHUR FREEWAY______S.G #S~C>LZ~OOO ______4.I ______1,735000

BOULEVARD BOULEVARD WARREN WARREN FREEWAY: FREEWAY: SIGN SIGN ROVTE ROVTE Z4 Z4 NEAR

Description miles Miles Miles cost cost Miles cost budgeted

Total Construction Construction Construction and

expended

of of Way Right Right

Completed Completed Under Under projects contract Budgeted

1960 March March

DISTRICT DISTRICT STATUS STATUS OF OF Id Id FREEWAY FREEWAY AND AND E~CPRESSWAY E~CPRESSWAY Continued PROJECTS — ~G/~ o~ ~ ~ I ~ Modern Highway Replaces Tortuous Mountain Road

By ROBERT J. FELTON, District Construction Engineer and WESLEY W. JONES, Resident Engineer

oN DECEMSER 10, 1959, construction was completed on the final unit of U.S. Highway 299E between Montgomery Creek and Burney Val- ley in Shasta County. The section now consists of 15 miles of modern two-lane highway traversing rugged mountainous terrain constructed at a cost of $3,181,488, partly financed by federal aid funds administered by the Bureau of Pudic Roads. In 1950 the route consisted of 16 miles of tortuous mountain road. There were 159 curves for an average of one curve for every 533 feet of road. Minimum radius of curvature was 50 feet. U.S. Highway 299E is the connecting line between U.S. Highway 99 at Redding, and U.Se Highway 395 at Alturas approximately 140 miles to the east. The section rises from elevation 2,136 feet at Montgomery Creel to elevation 4,366 feet at Hatchet Mountain Summit and descends to elevation 3,279 feet at Burney Valley. Snow packs of four feet are common East from Hatchet Mountain Summit showing completed road (Burney Valley at the summit with a maximum pack in background). of 12 feet. The use of chains is fre- Curves Reduced and increased the minimum quently mandatory on the entire sec- TaC~lUS t0 Reconstruction of the section has 600 feet. Maximum gradient is no~v tion during the winter storms. reduced the number of curves to 35 7 percent as compared to a maximum

UNIT UNIT^~~ UNIT---3 UN1T"'l'~' UNIT--' S-B v~ZN~~ ~ 5'A ~ o ~ W ~F~ eau a ~mow ~J ~~, FAR, HATCH eT GR.. ~- ',, ~1 p~ .4 \'y~N Q ~ ~ _\ \ %/'~ ~(~ te2t U.S. 299E :e2'. y,~Y. ~, ~ __ _ Rovre ~~aNer ~, n ~WY~ ~ I-IILLCREST ~a.~ ~DEBS T~LACE 28 ~ ~ } ~ ~ Ro,a~o ~ ~ PRe 1921 Rcao ,_, _- _- - -- ~ ='tic ~r NIZ~ ______=PRE ' ,D •: MONT60MERY CREEK • W ~~ 2 x ~~~ v ~ MONTGOMCrz~. `~~. = O ~G

➢- SUa-2a-G Relocation of U.S. Highway 299E over Hatchet Mountain Summit was started fn 1950 and completed in 1959. The new highwoy has eliminated 724 curves and shortened the destance by one mile over the original rouse.

March-April 1960 33 of 6.5 percent on the former alignment. The increase in maximum gradient on the new alignment was necessary due to the reduction in length of the section. Improvement of the section was accomplished in five construction units as indicated on the vicinity sketch. Unit No. 1 consisted of replacing Hatchet Creek Bridge with a 16-foot concrete arch culvert and constructing 1.61 miles of roadway. The work was done by Eaton and Smith Con- struction Company between October 1950 and November 1951, at a cost of $355,776. Unit No. 2 consisted of constructing anew bridge across Montgomery Creek and constructing 0.35 mile of roadway approaches. The work was done during 1952-53 by B. S. McEI- derry Company at a cost of $98,324. Unit No. 3 consisted of constructing 4.93 miles of roadway terminating at Hatchet 1Vlountain Summit. The work was done by Fredrickson and Snow removal operations at the summit. Watson Construction Company between May 1955 and July 1956 at a cost of $646,097. Unit No. 4 consisted of constructing 3.56 miles of roadway at the Montgomery Creek end of the section. The work was done by Eaton and Smith Construction Company between May 1955 and December 1956 at a cost of $659,604.

Metal Underdrains Used A considerable amount of work was done on subsurface drainage in excavation areas on this unit. Perfo- rated metal pipe underdrains were placed beneath the roadbed and t~vo- inch steel pipe horizontal drains were drilled into cut faces to dewater unstable slide areas. In December 1957 a crack appeared along the centerline of the pavement in the center of a 70-foot embankment 1.2 miles east of Montgomery Creek. The slide continued until the southerly half of the roadbed was 15 feet lower than the northerly half. At this point, the entire roadbed began to Normal winter snow conditions between Montgomery Creek and Burney Valley. Auto is ascending east settle resulting in complete failure. slope of Hatchet Mountain near summit on recently completed alignment. Investigation. revealed that unstable material located a minimum of 15 feet port the embankment. As the embank- 100 feet from the toe of the embank- below original ground .had become ment settled, the original ground rose ment. saturated and lost its ability to sup- OVeI' S COTT1pST3ble 1T'ea appl'OX1Triately ... Continued on page 69

34 California Highways and Public Work By ALAN S. HART, District Engineer, District III

SERIOUS planning for handling the highway open in a snowstorm is not traffic during the Winter Olympics at difficult except under the worst bliz- Squaw Valley in 1960 started four zard conditions, but that the trouble years before with the official an- almost invariabl}r starts when a truck nouncement of the Squaw Valley jackknifes, or a pair of cars lock choice at the games in Italy. A trans- bumpers, or several are involved in a portation committee to study the skidding accident. Then the plows are problem was formed of representa- stymied, the snow starts piling up, and tives of the Olympic Commission, the "the road is lost." Olympic visitors might be required California Division of Highways, the If the worst happened, and such a to put on chains at some point on the Highway Patrol, and other concerned sudden storm struck, a mass evacua- way up, or a snowfall during the day activities, and it immediately went to tion of the valley might result in a might make chains necessary to get work. The Division of Highways rep- disaster which would make headlines back down to the valley that evening. resentative was State Highway Engi- in every newspaper in the world. If on the way up, there was the pros- neer J. C. Womack, then Assistant Nervous, worried motorists were vir- pect of thousands of cars stopped on State Highway Engineer (Planning). tually certain to get into accidents, US 40 in the dim light of dawn, their The Squaw Valley site is a beauti- the plows would be immobilized, and drivers cold, irritated, and many of ful one, but the absence of a closeby literally thousands of people would them inexperienced at putting on city was a subject of concern for the be trapped. chains. If chaining should be required planners. With Reno, 44 miles away, This was the biggest worry. An- before departure from the valley there the nearest sizable city, and virtuall~~ other was if "chaining up" should be- was the worse prospect of complete no facilities for food and lodging come necessary. Virtually all the traf- chaos as 10,000 motorists, jammed to- within the valley itself, considerable fic would originate in the snow-free gether on the big parking apron, tried work had to be done to make it feasi- lowlands, and none of the cars would to maneuver on to their chains. If ble for the public to visit the games. start for the mountains with skid this occurred coincident with a storm, There was no way to provide any chains on their wheels. This is a rou- no doubt thousands would have to be appreciable amount of additional lodg- tine problem to the Division of High- evacuated in buses. ing for such a short period, so obvi- ways maintenance superintendent in a The third worry was parking. In a ously visitors must be transported in mountain area—he sets up and removes city parking lot, 225 square feet per on a day-by-days basis. For the major- chain control points many times each car is considered adequate. In the ity of the visitors, this meant in typi- winter month. mountains it was felt twice that would cal American fashion—behind the wheels of their own cars. Traffic Navy roller towed by small tractor continues work on compacted snow entrance road while trade enfen would be a problem, requiring ade- parking lot. quate roads and tremendous parking areas. The biggest worry was the weather. Donner Pass and Donner Lalce, only a dozen miles from Squaw Valley, are named for the ill-fated Donner Party of pioneer days. Caught just east of the pass in a severe snowstorm, they were trapped and completely immobilized by succeeding storms. Many of the party starved to death. Storms can come up rapidly in this part of the Sierra Nevada, and snow- falls of six to eight inches an hour are not uncommon. What would happen if such a storm came up while the games were in progress? The highway maintenance men knew that keeping a lightly traveled

March-April 19c~0 a_ _ .~~.~

war

: ~

Parking lot at Squaw Valley on a weekend with attendance about 25,000 (7,000 cars in lot). Composite photo made fi be needed, which would dictate a main proved and realigned over almost hearsal—Navy, Highway Patrol, and parking lot of at least 100 acres. This every one of its 3,000 miles. Division of Highways. would allow heavy equipment to op- Whenever possible, the Highway The competition was held on erate in and through the lot, provide Commission authorized expenditures the three-day Washington's Birthday overflow space for buses, and give the on the modernization of US 40, with weekend—Saturday the 21st through motorists room to maneuver under dif- the result that all but 36 of its miles Monday the 23d—and on the follow- ficult conditions. between San Francisco and the Ne- ing weekend. On the 18th torrential There was not nearly this much vada state line was four-laned by the rains softened the Navy's parking pad parking space in the valley. The cost time the 1960 Olympics opened. iVluch so it was unusable, and the cars of of buying, grading and paving such a of it was full freeway to interstate 10,000 visitors had to be parked wher- space would be enormous, with no standards. Between June 1958 and ever possible in the. valley, on the ac- hope of getting it back in one short, January 1960, 48.7 full-freeway miles cess roads, and along State Sign Route 10-day season. It also would be an of this route between Sacramento and 89 outside the valley entrance. How- eyesore in the valley which was to be Nevada state line were completed at ever, the temperature dropped on a state park, and it would ruin some a cost of $42,685,000. Sunday, and by Monday the parking excellent summer pasture land. State Sign Route 89, connecting US pad could be used. Although about The Navy suggested it might be 40 with Lake Tahoe and the final ac- a foot of snow fell each day between able to provide parking space by the cess .highway from both directions to Tuesday and Friday, the following snow compaction method it had been Squaw Valley, was widened and re- Saturday dawned clear and cold. The with- experimenting with for Arctic air surfaced. There was some concern weekend's crowds were handled fields, if Congress would appropriate because a narrow, two-lane underpass out difficulty. the money. The money was appropri- beneath the Southern Pacific Railroad Applying the lessons learned from American Championships, ated, and the Navy's plan was ac- on State Sign Route. 89 was not im- the North and refined cepted—not without misgivings in proved, but this was deemed too ex- all the agencies modified for the some quarters. The idea was revolu- pensive and difficult an undertaking their planning as the time approached. A new tionary and untried, but the Navy at the time. As an alternate plan, a Olympic Games installed in insisted it was practicable. Navy Sea county road, River Street extension, system of drainage was The Highway Pa- Bees did some experimental work in which leads into Truckee and US 40 the parking area. take over Truckee Squaw Valley in 1958, and then com- by a slightly roundabout route, was trol arranged to headquarters and bar- pacted alarge parking area in 1959. improved at nominal cost as an over- High School as to Squaw Valley, racks. On February 1, 1960, they. The major route flow road, and as an emergency route from the east and the west, is moved in bunks, cooks,, a large force both in case of evacuation. US 40, which connects San Francisco of patrolmen, and patrol cars. Cooks to Reno, and continues east to the In February 1959 the North Ameri- were instructed to feed a minimum Atlantic seaboard. This route has been can Ski Championship competition 3,600 calories a day cold weather diet. designated part of the US Interstate was held in Squaw Valley, giving Special destination signs were in- System, so it ultimately must be im- everyone a chance for a dress re- stalled by the Division of Highways.

36 California Highways and Public Works ~~ ~~ ~~ ~r ~ r;

e from three photographs by William Chaney, D7vision of Highways photographer. View is generally south across valley.

Some new rotary plows and other mountains. Then tropical air masses maintenance crews could clear the equipment had already been purchased moved in from the Pacific, and rain roads. for the higher altitude maintenance fell at high altitudes. The parking pad was still usable by stations, and additional equipment was On February 6 a slide closed US 40 the 11th, and traffic from sightseers moved in from other districts on a east of Monte Vista, so that the pre- and skiers was increasing. But cars short term loan basis. Maintenance Su- viously constructed Alta detour had were allowed to enter the valley again perintendent Frank B. Fox of the to be used, but this slide vas cleared on the 11th, and 625 were parked along Truckee territory assumed responsi- in two days. A more serious slide the wide section of the entrance road bility for maintaining the access road started at the new Whitmore Mainte- that day, 650 the next. into Squaw Valley to the Administra- nance Station above Baxter. Beginning The dedicated Navy crews were tion Building, under financial agree- near the old highway, it gradually working hard all this time, and the ment with Placer County and the broke back across the wide slope area new snow helped. They hoped to have Olympics Commission. Headquarters bet`veen the two roadways, until it part of the lot back in shape by Sat- A~aintenance Communications Section undermined the fill of the recently urday, the 13th, to handle a part of included the Squaw Valley weather completed section. Before it stopped the weekend sightseer and skier traffic. forecast in its daily road condition removing, about 200 feet of paving was The Division of Highways crews in port. lost, and traffic was diverted to the the meantime worked most of the Convertible overhead signs were old route for several days until a tem- night getting signs ready to direct placed at several points on State Sign porary "shoofly" detour could be traffic to parking on an old section of Route 89, so that the route could built. US 40 near Truckee. The Greyhound readily be converted to three lanes in On the eighth of February more Bus Company got some of the large at one direction and one in the other, than five inches of rain fell in a few resorts in the State Line area at Lake any time. A special communications hours in Squaw Valley, flooding the Tahoe to clear their parking lots for network, both teletype and radio, con- entire valley floor, and nearly wash- car storage so Squaw Valley travelers nected the various highway and High- ing out the entrance road bridge over could take the shuttle buses from «~ay Patrol units with each other and Squaw Creek. Sign Route 89 was there. Officers from both Nevada and with their respective Sacramento closed three times on this one day by California Highway Patrols visited headquarters. A number of trailers fallen trees. The compacted snow every motel and lodge at the north end were brought in, and permanent liai- parking pad in the valley seemed of the lake, telling people to leave son groups from several agencies were hopelessly ruined. With the Olympics their cars at the motel and take the assigned in Squaw Valley itself for the shuttle just 10 days away, it was necessary buses. duration of the games. At this time the situation seemed to to make emergency plans. In January and February 1960, just be that the shaky parking lot would prior to the opening of the games, On the 9th and 10th there was heavy be continued in use until about 11 or a series of storms swept across Cali- snow and wind. All except official ve- 12 o'clock, and if the influx of cars fornia. The first storms were cold, hicles and those of residents were continued heavy, then parking would and several feet of snow fell in the barred from the valley so that the be shifted to the already designated

Marcf~~~pril 1960 37 areas near Truckee. Crews were at The emergency parking area at ment of the shuttle buses on their work placing signs that morning with Truckee proved unusable, however, in return from the valley that next after- bolts so they could be reversed when the afternoon, when passengers re- noon (Sunday), the Division of High- desired, when the. word came at 9.30— turned on the buses to their. cars. ways crews worked all night making "The pad just went." Highway pa- Whereas parking in the morning had zone signs for the parking areas. They trolmen immediately began. diverting been progressive along the area as it also posted 13 miles of highway with traffic, and the crews finished the filled, the buses naturally were loaded burlap-covered 25 miles per hour signs, signing virtually on the run, not bolt- at random in the evening. Cars con- which could be uncovered when parking, but nailing the signs in place. tinuously pulled out from the parking ing, loading and unloading was in There were just two lanes available lane at many points and blocked the progress. The Highway Patrol admin- in the old section of US 40, with high buses. This problem had been antici- istrative section was meanwhile work- snow banks on either side. Cars en- pated to some extent, so that the buses ing on instruction leaflets for parkers, tered at one end of the six-mile loop, in the afternoon reversed their morn- explaining how the zone system and parked in progression one behind ing direction and moved with the worked. ~vlaintenance crews worked the other, filling one lane. The shuttle traffic, but they still were immobilized. all night clearing the snow from the buses entered at the other end of the At an emergency meeting between shoulders in the designated parking loop, using the remaining lane to move Division of High~~~ays and Highway area. forward and load. This system worked Patrolmen that afternoon, it was de- Essentially, the plan was to have admirably, except that there was a cided to use the outside shoulders of each driver keep his leaflet, and to delay in getting enough drivers im- the new freeway sections of US 40 for write his zone code on it. When he mediately for the shuttle buses, both emergency parking—both east and west was ready to return from the valley at Truckee and at Lake Tahoe. of Truckee. To facilitate the move- on the shuttle bus that afternoon, he and his car group would board the bus marked for his zone. Main Olympic Games area on the biggest attendance day, showing most of the 310 special buses in The plan was never needed. That central parking area. Compacted snow parking area at fop. At lower right, crowds watching ski races. night the temperature dropped almost ~~ , ~ .~ ~ . to zero. The hard working Navy s.. :,. ~, ~. ,. <~ crews had continued to work on the parking pad, and the cold solidified it. -~~,~;,~.. At 0730 hours on the 14th the Navy ~~ reported, "Compacted area officially .., 3 open," and at 0742 hours "Pad looks €~ good." At 1046 hours, the Patrol reported "Pad is holding up good. Tem- ~~ ~~ perature favorable—will probably nold 1000 or 2000 vehicles if nothing hap- ~;~ pens. Six hundred to 700 parked at this time." Nothing did happen, and at 1326 hours the patrol reported the peak seemed to have been reached. The parking lot had handled between 1200 and 1300 cars at the peak without incident. During the games it handled many thousands more than this on several days. Handling the traffic for the Olym- pic games themselves was almost an anticlimax. Minor problems arose, of course, but in general, things went very smoothly. There was no rain and only two light snowstorms during the days the games were on. Nights continued cool—close to and sometimes below zero and the pad functioned perfectly. On the 21st, `which was Sunday and the middle day of a three-day weekend, the weather in the valley was ...Continued on page 64 0 New Tabulating Mefhods d C ~ n Speed Design Calculations

By F. M. REYNOLDS, Highway Planning Survey En~in$er

DATA Fox administrative decision and for the location and detailed design of modern highways are being processed at an ever-increasing rate in the tabulating and data processing secrion of the Headquarters Highway Planning Survey. The division's present activity and capacity in the field of data processing is the modern result of early beginnings made in the thirties. The punched card approach to statistical and research problems was started at a time when tabulating equipment was slow and relatively unsophisticated. Origin and destination data and. similar tabulations useful for planning and for traffic engineering were among the first reports prepared. Early in 195 extensive efforts were started in order to produce a system of calculation to serve the design and construction engineer. Since that time the major portion of the processing volume has been concerned with traverse solutions earthwork quantity calculations, and vertical alignment prob- John A. Haller, Senior Research Technician, selects cards prior io processing. The IBM 650 console and lems. Other services which are being power unif have fhe covers removed fo show the intricate circuitry. utilized by the engineer include structural analysis and design computa- decisions requiring engineering judg- respective districts. Being well versed tions, traffic assignment, geodimeter ment, would be a good measure of the in the capabilities and limitations of traverses, and miscellaneous quantity effectiveness of the program. the various programs, the liaison man calculations. The fact that at the present time can. be of valuable service to the dis- over 300 miles of earthy=~orlc calcula- trict personnel in immediately resoly- AdvanTages Lifed tions, 125,000 traverse courses and ing most problems concerning proce- Some of the basic advantages fre- numerous calculations involving verti- dure. In this connection periodic vis- quently cited as resulting from the use cal alignment data, structural design its by the co-ordinators and any other of machine computations are savings and analysis, traffic analysis, etc., are interested users of the service are wel- in man-hours and money, increased processed each month, provides some comed by Headquarters Office per- accuracy, and neatly tabulated results. indication that this primary objective sonnel who are available to demon- Probably the. most important benefit, has been achieved. strate the procedures and equipment however, is the potential saving in en- As an aid toward promoting more and offer consultation in any matters gineering time, and this was the origi- efficient use of these services through- regarding the data processing system. nal primary objective when the feasi- out the division, several districts have bility of using tabulating equipment appointed engineers who act as co- Vertical Alignment for engineering computations was first ordinators for machine computations. The most recent major service to investigated. The extent to which These co-ordinators maintain contact he placed in production is the Profile these services have been used to re- with the Headquarters Design Section Grade and Grid Elevation Computa- duce the number of repetitious calcu- and Planning Survey and provide a tion Program. A service to calculate lations performed by the engineer, readily available source of informa- profile grade elevations only was thereby leaving him more time for tion to operating personnel in their placed in operation in 1957 and the

March-April 1960 39 capability of obtaining grid elevations traverses are calculated and results Early in 1959 the program was re- was introduced early in 1959. mailed back to the district on the fined and expanded, resulting in the This service consists of the determi- same day the problems are received at following additional computer caga- nation of profile grade data or the Headquarters Office. This will still bilities: computation of roadbed elevations result in some delay, however, and 1. Descriptive data consisting of 14 anywhere on successive cross sections rearrangement of work schedules is alphabetical and/or numerical by combining profile grade, superele- sometimes necessary in order to utilize characters can be submitted and vation transition, and cross section the service to the best advantage. The will be reproduced on the out- data. In addition, the program can de- effect of this waiting period has been put tabulation; termine, as a separate problem, the minimized with the introduction of 2. Curve alignment consisting of transverse location of specified contour interdependency between traverses either the radial bearing when elevations on successive cross sections. which vas made possible by the ac- when stationing is known, or sta- This computer service is used by de- quisition of computing equipmenrwith tioning when the radial bearing sign and construction engineers for the greater capacity. This feature allows is known, can be computed; following applications: the enbineer to call for and use results 3. Dependency within the same 1. To obtain profile grade line in- of the calculations of a particular traverse problem is possible; formation. traverse in a subsequent traverse with- 4. Complete interdependency is 20 To obtain elevations along pave- out the necessity of waiting for the possible regardless of the number ment and shoulder edges. initial solution to be mailed back of solutions; 3. To determine the location of, and before submittal of the dependent 5. Dependency between traverse the elevation of, sags and sum- traverse. and curve alignment problems mits for drainage studies. Real Traverses Few is allowed; and, 4. To obtain tabulations of specified Relatively few courses submitted are 6. Rotation of bearings up to 360 contour elevations for plotting traverses per se. Most traverses sub- degrees in either direction can bridge deck contour maps or pro- mitted for solutions of unknowns are be accomplished. posed roadway contour layouts. a variety of geometric problems such as are encountered in interchange areas Eawthwork Quanfify determined by These grid elevations for solving intersections of skewed In terms of tabulating man-hours the electronic computer are forwarded structure bents with centerline or lo- and card volume, the earthwork pro- to the engineer in neatly printed tabu- cation of ramp noses. Traverses are gram has been the major engineering lations which he can use directly in used as a matter of convenience in computation project undertaken by the field or office. The listing is ar- lieu of the more cumbersome aca- the Planning Survey. This is due to a ranged in the conventional cross sec- demic methods. number of factors among which are tion note manner. At present the following types of inherently Large amounts of input The program is beang modified so problems can be processed: data, extensive preparatory card han- that the output cards can be used di- 1. All sides and bearings known. dling, agreat deal of special handling, rectly as input roadbed template data 2. Any problezri with two un- and the necessity for procedure writ- to be combined with terrain data for knowns. These unknowns may ing in order to process district xe- the computation of earthwork quanti- be two distances, two bearings, quests for manipulation of original ties without the necessity of copying data. or one distance and one bearing data by the engineer or repunching in either the same course or in Shortly after the inceprion of the cards by the key punch operators. different courses. program late in 1955, it was realized that more powerful computing equip- Traverse Computations 3. Traverse adjustment by either the compass or tra~asit rules; and ment would be necessary to handle °The traverse solution program was 4. Any of the problem types listed the volume of work which could be the first of the various services to be under 1, 2, and 3 above plus the anticipated at that time. Accordingly, offered to the districts on a production enclosed area. an IBM type 650 computer was ac- bass and it has proved to be the most quired by the P1anFUng Survey, This widely accepted, as evidenced by com- The final tabulation includes the change made it possible to obtain in rrlents from district personnel and by following: one pass of the cards through the the fact that it is utilized by a greater 1. °the original data; computer the same results `vluch pre- number of operating units than any of 2. The missing data for unknown viously required over 60 card-han- the other programs. courses; dling steps. A great deal of input card One of the reasons for the popu- 3. The latitude and departure for handling zs still necessary, ~svith the larity of this program is that the engi- each course; result that earthwork calcularions take neer is able to convert to the format 4. The co-ordinates for each course; considerably more time than any of eased in submitting data for machine 5. The error of clos~zre; and the other services. It may take from computation with little change from 6. When requested, the area en- 8 to 15 working days following re- canventional manual traverse calcula- closed by the traverse in square ceipt of data to process a complete tion methods. Another reason is that feet and acres. earthwork project. The length of time

~p Cal►fornia Highways anc{ Public V1/orks is dependent upon the amount of spe- TRAVERSE EARTHWORK cial handling required, coupled with Average 7000- Courses Per Day I 350 Average Miles Per Month the incidence of questionable data and upon existing workload in the tabulating section. 6000 I 300

Notes Transmiffed s000 Under the present system, terrain notes are transmitted to the Planning Survey as they are written in the field a000 I zoo or prepared from contour maps. Notes can be submitted in the form a000 of true elevations, rod readings, or as differences from elevation at centerline or an offset point. Roadbed notes z000 I ,00 are submitted similarly. Cards are punched for roadbed and terrain i000 notes separately, and each deck of cards is put in sequence and mechanically merged by station before proc- O 1956 195] 1958 1959 I O 1956 essing through the computer. 195J 1958 1959 RIGHT OF WAY I ~ The engineer is furnished with the DESIGN DESIGN &SURVEYS following tabulated results: I ~ PLANNING O BRIDGE 1. A list of reduced terrain and ~ O CONSTRUCTION roadbed notes; Traverse and earthwork computations 2. A quantity sheet showing sta- processed by fhe Highway Planning Survey for the calendar years 1956 to 7 959. tioning, end areas in square feet, excavation and embankment use of mechanical methods quantities in cubic yards, grad- to shift ing and grubbing computations, and grades and from ing factors and mass diagram the reduction or for computing and summarizing con- elimination of cross ordinates by station; and, section plotting struction estimate items. and subsequent 3. A list of calculated slope stake planimetering. The bridge design engineer may points and side=slopes by station. A recent innovation is the prepara- choose one of several tools for design tion of terrain notes from contour and analysis work. Prominent among In addition to performing the basic maps as described by Index Nos. these tools is the column analysis pro- quantity calculations using original 6-433.7 to 6-433.10 of the Planning gram which will analyze any rectang- notes, the data can be reused and ma- Manual. This method utilizes either ular steel and concrete column for nipulated in various ways without re- strips cut from a print of a map which biaxial bending. The data submitted keypunching. Examples are horizontal includes photogrammetric cross sec- for this proDram consist of biaxial and vertical grade shifts which can be tions (spot elevations) or a strip of load, size of column, and position and performed mechanically upon receipt transparent grid overlay which is size of reinforcing bars. from the engineer of grade differ- placed over the contour map for entry Another useful program designs a ences, or offset distances. Another ex- of distances and elevations. Key- composite action steel and concrete ample is the use of computing equip- punching of terrain notes can then girder from minimal data of span, ment to make terrain adjustments be performed directly from the strips spring, structure depth, and steel stress according to the method described by by utilizing a special holder. The use desired. This program also has the in- L. L. Funk in his paper published in of this method results in a savings of teresting feature of allowing the engi- Highway Researcl~ Board Bulletin 228, approximately two cents per point, neer to specify more than the mini- National Research Council, 1959, en- which is roughly half the cost of tran- mum conformation so that individual titled "Terrain Data for Earth`vork scribing notes by conventional meth- requirements and decisions may over- Quantities." °The adjustment consists ods. ride the standards built into the pro- of raising or lowering the entire ter- Other Services gram. rain each at cross section by an Another program available to the DisTribution Technique amount equal to the error at center- engineer is entitled "four-factor com- Analyses of frames are made using line. This operation can be performed putation." This service will perform a moment distribution technique. In upon the original terrain elevations four types of algebraic manipulation this case, the computer is able to study provided the tabulating section is fur- involving four factors of six digits and many patterns in a comparatively nished with a list of adjustments. will summate the results of any num- short time by using iterative methods The greatest saving in engineering ber of these separate calculations. The which are especially well accom- manpower and money results from the program is commonly used for clear- plished by a computer. The multistory

March-April 1960 41

Works Highways Highways 42 42 Public Public California California and and

the the computation the the traf- also also are are .Bridge .Bridge determine determine the the to to for for in in network network prepared prepared used used Department. street street ment ment

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of State State the the by by developed developed expo- and and program program semilog, semilog, for for solved solved linear, linear, are profiles profiles traffic traffic benefits benefits user user and and

analysis bridge bridge suspension suspension equations equations A A being are are stresses. stresses. trend trend series series Time Time made made design design and the the in in fic fic are are year year

concrete resulting resulting and and force force stressing stressing estimates estimates and and of of generally generally traf- traffic traffic values. calculated calculated and and

pre- required required plus plus the the section, section, the the of of made made is is analysis analysis This This current for for -year observed between between residuals residuals the the and and

properties

all all including including design, design, girder girder in in placed placed were were network network operation. or or coefficients correlation correlation cients, cients, partial partial

concrete prestressed prestressed and and piers, piers, and and the the if if benefits benefits user user the the bypass termine termine correlation correlation coeffi- simple simple deviations, deviations,

abutments bridge bridge for for excavation excavation of of information information to to gives gives necessary necessary de- the the standard means, means, computes computes This This service service

volumes

fills, fills, approach approach bridge bridge of of ment ment Program The The Assignment Assignment Freeway Freeway problems. laboratory laboratory research research and and

settle- total total obtaining obtaining for for calculations calculations

and and materials for for studies studies traffic traffic for for Determined Benefits Benefits User User

involve them, them, by by use use in in are are which which and and used is is analysis analysis regression regression Multiple Multiple

routings. in in involved involved

manual manual

Department the the Bridge Bridge by by written written

program.

approximation approximation

tedious tedious the the

work

of of engineer engineer the the lieve lieve

been have have programs programs which which Other Other

polynomial a a of of use use by by accomplished accomplished

re-

would would This This

reliable. reliable.

be be

to to

found found

Bridge.

a a is of of data data of of curves curves set set to to fit fit best best

is it it if if

checked, checked, is is fully fully

it it as as

soon soon

as as

Island Terminal Terminal - Pedro San San of of the the

degree The The various various of of solution solution

be be use for for available available made made will will method method

design final final and and I.a~oon, I.a~oon, Guadalupe Guadalupe

less. or or order order 40th 40th of of

This

developed. developed. being being is is computer computer

in flow flow tidal tidal as as such such problems, problems, special special

equations simultaneous simultaneous solve solve to to able able

use use

the of of by by criteria criteria other other some some or or

solution solution the the for for programs programs computer computer

avail- is is service service solution solution matrix matrix A A

time time distance either either or or in in shortest shortest the the to to -use (Fortransit) (Fortransit) single write write guage guage

Engineer. Traffic Traffic the the for for

prepared prepared is which which route route selecting selecting the the cally cally synthetic synthetic a a of of lan- computer computer vantage vantage

are

various various accidents accidents categories categories by by trips trips routing routing of of method method mechani- A A ad- Bridge Bridge taken taken The The has has Department Department

traffic summarizing summarizing

tables tables Annual Annual done done past past manually. been been the the in in has has be be also also can can spans, spans, computed. as as five five

zones of of pairs pairs between between The The routing routing figures. traffic traffic trend trend frames, frames, many as as single single including including story story

the the prepare prepare to to and and monthly mation, mation, access access points. lines lines freeway freeway loadings. loadings. for of of set set Influence Influence

infor- count count monthly monthly and and annual annual the the for the the obtain obtain movement movement given a a turning turning moments moments to to frame frame putes putes for for final final

from figures figures traffic traffic average average of of and roads roads daily daily proposed proposed on on profiles profiles fic fic com- the the analysis analysis frame frame program program general general ~ Two Freewcsys Co►npleted ;~'~^ ~ Under County FAS Prograrrr

By WILLIAM CANESSA, Deputy Road Commissioner, Kern County

KExrr CouNTY has recently com- Avenue and the western end of Pano- and possibly three additional contracts pleted two freeways. The first, on rama Drive in Bakersfield on the bluffs let to complete this freeway from its Federal-aid Secondary Route 887, was overlooking the Kern River, and present terminus to State Sign Route the Manor Street project, a 2.3-mile crosses the Kern River, its flood plain, 178 approximately seven miles to the four-lane divided combination free- two canals and connects with a four- southeast. way and expressway connection be- lane divided highway at its temporary termini in Oildale. It eventually Serves Recreation Area will be pushed to the north and west This freeway serves as tl;e only "Kern County's planning for the to connect with State Routes 142 and route to Kern County's largest recre- future growth of the area adjacent 129. ational area, which includes an 18-hole to Bakersfield will help to avoid The second freeway, on FAS Route golf course, a new 107-acre boating the costly and disruptive reconstruc- lake Hart Memorial Park. Traffic tion usually associated with urban- 885, the Alfred ~Iarrell Highway, be- and ization." gins at the eastern end of Panorama counts are well in the thousands with J. C. WOMACK Drive in Bakersfield at the top of the weekend counts of over 15,000 and State Highway Engineer same bluff on the south bank of the with proposed additional facilities and Kern River and proceeds up the river the natural expansion in that area even in a northeasterly direction for five higher counts are expected. tween the northeast Bakersfield urban miles. The work as completed to date The Manor Street project was com- area and the unincorporated area of has been constructed in two con- pleted under five separate contracts. Oildale. This project starts at Union tracts. There will most lil~ely be two The first was advertised in May 1954

Looking south at expressway portion of FAS Route 887 on Manor Street in Interchange connecting Union Avenue (foreground) and Panorama Drive (right) Odldale, Kern County. in Bakersfield with Kern Co.unly's FAS Freeway fo Oildale across Kern River (in distance).

March-April 1460 43 Looking east toward end of Panorama Dreve opposite Bakersfield College. Westbound tragic from Hart Memorial Park, destined for Bakersfield, travels Kern County's Alfred Harrell Freeway in destance at left and ufilezes the old China Grade Loop Road to clemb the Kern River BBufis in foreground. The new down ramp for eastbound tragic is partly hidden by a bend in the b1uH.

and the last one completed in July 1958. The first contract was the concrete pile-supported reinforced concrete "T" beam bridge 616 feet long spanning the Kern River. A second contract covered two smaller bridges and the roadwork. In November 1956 with the completion of the third contract which was the interchange on the south end, the road was opened to traffic as a two-lane highway. The traffic count on this road two weeks after opening was over 7,000 vehicles per day.

First Prestressed Bridge The fourth contract covering structures for the northbound lanes included what is believed to be the first prestressed concrete bridge constructed in Kern County. The parallel structure for the southbound lanes was a composite steel beam with con- A "diamond" interchange on fhe Alfred Harrell Highway between Ba&ersfield and Hart Memorlaf Park, ...Continued on page 50

44 California Highways and Public Works • State's Longest FAS Rout r~ o ! d I Is Being Relocated, Improved

By MELVIN E. DALE, Trinity County Road Commissioner and A. A. POWERS, Siskiyou County Road Commissioner

CONSTRUCTION of the Trinity Dam northeast of Weaverville in Trinity County has provided a welcome stimulus to much needed road construction on Federal-aid Secondary County Route 1089. This route is the only direct north-south connection between Weaverville, the county seat of Trinity County, and Siskiyou County points, measuring 124 miles, it is the longest continuous Federal-Aid County Route in the State. This route has a long if somewhat obscure history. It is, in part, the historic "California-Oregon Trail" which extended from Shasta, the early day metropolis of Northern California, through French Gulch and Trinity Center, thence north into Scott Val- ley and Yreka. Over it passed the first north and south stage travel, which was greatly increased after 1849 by the discovery of gold. With the exception of necessary maintenance, little construction was done on this route prior to the be- A recently improved Section on FAS 7089 at the south end of Scotf Valley in Siskiyou ginning of the Federal-Aid Secondary County. Program in 1945. Under this program 14 contracts, comprising work by 12 completion as far Carrville at the at an elevation of 5,350 feet and de- different contractors, have been com- upper end of Trinity Lake by 1961. scends to the floor of Scott Valley pleted. These contracts have provided A stretch of 40 miles of modern high- near Callahan at an elevation of ap- 40 miles of road, graded and surfaced way from Weaverville north will then proximately 3,000 feet. This section to modern standards, and the replace- be ready for use by the traveling pub- of road is also unimproved and comment of eight obsolete bridges. lic. From Carrville to the Trinity- parable to the section on the Trinity Siskiyou County line near Scott County side of the pass. Purfher Progress Made Mountain, construction will be some- From Callahan to State Highway Through the combined efforts of what slower due to the very rugged Route 82 at Etna, a distance of about the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and terrain and the bridges required to 14 miles, four FAS projects have been Trinity County, further strides are span the many mountain streams completed and one is now under con- being made in the reconstruction of emptying into the Trinity River. This tract. Upon its completion in 1960, the southern portion of this highway. remaining 18 miles of road in Trinity the entire section of FAS Route 1084 The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is County is unimproved, with a num- between Callahan and Etna will have constructing new portions of Route ber of sharp curves and steep grades. been graded and realigned to modern 1089 around the west side of Trinity In general, it is wide enough for two standards with bituminous surfacing lanes Lake to replace roads which will be of traffic and readily traversable throughout. except in the winter months. inundated by the construction of Between Etna and Fort Jones, traffic follows State Route 82 along the Trinity Dam. Trinity County is re- Road Crosses Pass westerly constructing intervening portions. side of the valley eight miles At the Trinity-~iskiyou County to Greenview, from where it crosses Construction in Trinity County, in- line the road crosses through a pass the valley to Fort Jones about six cluding surfacing, is scheduled for near the summit of Scott Mountain miles away.

March-April 1960 45

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works 46 46

...... 63 page page on on will Confinued Confinued which which this this of of of of all all West West the the available, available, is is section section Marble Marble timber timber Moun-

fine fine its its for for trout trout and and steelhead steelhead fishing. The The prime feet feet of of 3.5 3.5 this importance importance of of billion billion increasing increasing proximately proximately

the the parallels parallels Scott Scott scenic scenic noted River River ing, ing, and and ap- hunting. Cecilville Cecilville beyond beyond Callahan Callahan of of west west

of of North North

1089 Jones, Jones,

Fort Fort Route Route

is is available available for for trips, trips, pack pack hiking, hiking, fish- south- area area the the In In future. future. near near the the in in

roads.

tion's tion's

largest largest

areas, unspoiled unspoiled primitive primitive feet board board million million 50 50 over over to to

amount amount

be be transported transported over over and and county county state twin twin area, area, one one

Wilderness Wilderness the the

of of

na-

will cut cut annual annual the the that that estimated estimated is is

It Weed. Weed. and and Yreka Yreka Valley, Valley, Scott Scott in in

mills lumber lumber to to timber timber supply supply

to to

ning ning

tion tion a a of of future future the the in in route route System. California California Freeway Freeway

Oregon Oregon the the Trail." Trail."

between between route route and and Weaverville Weaverville Yreka Yreka in in to to conforms conforms the the general general begin- legislative legislative are are descrip- forest forest of of federal federal °areas °areas vast

the the and and Klamath Klamath River. River. The The portion portion between between Carrville Carrville +he +he Callahan Callahan and and follows follows original original "California-

Valley Scott Scott of of West West

County. County.

you you

consisting consisting Trinity Trinity of of Siskiyou Siskiyou and and roads roads County County with with connecting connecting sfafe sfafe at at highways highways Weaverville, Weaverville, Jones Fort Fort

map map above above The The shows shows the the Siski- in in present present Valley Valley of of status status improvements improvements Federal io io Scott Scott -aid -aid in in Secondary Secondary pursuits pursuits Highway Highway Route Route 1089 main main

the are are farming farming and and ranching ranching Cattle Cattle

Areas Forest Forest Vasf Vasf

mountains. the the

into trips trips hiking hiking or or jeep jeep for for operations operations

of 'Dam base base a a as as used used be be

can can and and road road

the the

Ile

~ ~

Shasta

along positioned positioned are are

camps camps Public Public man. man.

Dam ~ ~

fisher- the the

for for sport sport excellent excellent fording fording Trinity

af- of of

capable capable are are which which of of all all lakes lakes

rrsville

numerous with with dotted dotted and and streams streams

~5 ~5 . H H

many with with threaded threaded mountains mountains

of of i

stretch vast vast

a a lies lies

east east the the To To J turous. turous.

FAS FAS 1089-

COMPLETE COMPLETE

1960 IN IN

adven- and and hardy hardy more more the the by by ration ration

explo- for for ready ready lies lies area area

Wilderness Wilderness

N N R R Y T T I I I I

T T

Alps Trinity Trinity Salmon Salmon

the the Moine road road the the (r

West West

areas. areas.

recreational recreational primitive primitive —•~ —•~ ~. (Trinity (Trinity r,) Center Center

1 vast to to access access giving giving and and Alps, Alps, Trinity Trinity

beautiful the the

of of heart heart the the through through

1 1

~ ~

cutting country, country, mountainous mountainous in in is is

1 ~ ~

County Trinity Trinity in in mileage mileage the the of of All All

~, ~ ~ S S

~i ~r ~r mountains. and and

1 --. --. ~~_.

lake of of views views scenic scenic many many affording affording

nsmuir

and miles miles many many

for for

~ lake lake the the

~ ~ of of line line / J J ms's ms's .~J .~J

shore- wooded wooded the the skirting skirting road road shore shore

lalce- a a general, general, 1089 1089 in in be, be, will will Route Route

FAS FAS J~ - IN IN `_ `_ 1089 `~ `~

1960 1960 COMPLETE COMPLETE

FAS relocated relocated the the Carrville Carrville to to ville ville

Weaver- of of north north miles miles 10 10 about about From From

miles. 25 25 square square FAS FAS approximately approximately 1089- of of area area UNIMPROV

-- ° " " ~ Weed Weed surface a a have have will will dam dam the the by by formed formed

Mt.Shasta lake mountain mountain The The streambed. streambed. above above

11 11 Etna feet 500 500 almost almost rising rising world, world, the the in in

II II

82 82

Gazelle dam highest highest earthfill earthfill the the be be will will 1961, 1961,

completion completion scheduled scheduled for for dam, dam, S S D D S S I I I I K K O O ~~ ~~ Y Y ~U

This Trinity Trinity the the Dam. Dam. of of site site to to the the

~~ l~ l~ Jones Jones Fort Fort

the the take take ~~ill ~~ill traveler side side trip trip short short A A

motorist. the the for for attractions attractions many many hold hold

route route will popular popular increasingly increasingly This This 82 ~ ~ ~ ~

Attraetions Many Many

bad bad in in ersable ersable weather. except except FAS FAS 1089- UNIMPROVE Hamburg Hamburg

but but trav- is is Bar, Bar, easily easily unimproved unimproved

River River Highway Highway near near Scott Klamath Klamath

the the Scott Scott to to River River the connect connect with with

24 24 ing ing follows follows miles, miles, closely which which

years years pleted pleted The The ago. ago. several several remain-

miles miles six six and and com- was was northwesterly northwesterly

1089 1089 Route Route FAS FAS between between Fort Fort Jones

~.._.._.._.._.._.._ _,._, _,._, ~.._ _.. A A project project for for of reconstruction reconstruction ._.. .._.._.._.._ .._.._.._.._ .._..yt.._..~..__.— Dec& grinding operation on new 394-foot bridge acrass main wash of Rock Red Canyon. Striped clif►s in background are site of annual Easter sunrise serveces.

Two-year Reconstruction d ~ o~ o~ On US 6 Is Completed

By C. Eo FORBES, Resident Engineer

COMPLETION of the second major cations. Numerous lesser washes also yon that this vital link in the highway contract in two years on U.5. Route contributed to the flooding problem. system was completed. 6, in Red Rock Canyon, concludes the Aside from vulnerability to wash- elimination Seenia Beauty of a historic "bottleneck" outs the original route contained between Southern California and the many severe sight restrictions, both The Red Rock Canyon area is in "High Sierra" area. vertical and horizontal, which, cou- itself a tourist attraction for its scenic Red Rock Canyon, located approxi- pled with steep grades and 1 S percent beauty and is somewhat of a "para- mately 25 miles north of Mojave, truck traffic, made a slow and dan- dise" for "rock hounds," photogra- California, has been the scene of nu- gerous stretch in an otherwise high- phers, and amateur prospectors. Many merous destructive flash floods result- speed highway. campsites are available, and campers ing in complete road closures for U. S. Route 6 is the shortest route are seen even in the hot summer short periods, and one-way traffic for between Southern California and the months. The area is also well known as long as two months. The watershed Rocky Mountain areas, as well as the for its use as an outdoor studio in area of the canyon consists of approx- recreational facilities of the eastern countless western movies and TV imately 47 square miles of steep ter- Sierra region. It is also an important shows. rain almost bare of any vegetation. outlet for the U.S. Naval Ordnance The first of the two recent con- During the last major flood, in Octo- Test Station at China Lake near tracts consisted of reconstruction gen- ber 1945, a momentary peak flow of Ridgecrest, and for chemical installa- erally along the existing alignment 16,000 second-feet was realized. This tions in and near Trona and the through the narro~~est part of the same flood resulted in a complete Searles Lalce area. An ever-increasing wash. This project extended from the road closure for 48 hours and one- amount of truck traffic follows US 6 mouth of the canyon for approxi- way traffic for two months. To by- to Bishop then US 395 to the Pacific mately one mile north with a tempo- pass Red Rocic Canyon a detour of Northwest. rary connection at the north end. To some 50 miles via US 395 and US 466 The bond issue of 1919 provided provide adequate sight distance a 60- is necessary, since the only other for the completion of a highway from foot all-paved section was constructed through in route the area is via a Bishop to Los Angeles, and the e~st- with minor relocations to provide for county road which also crosses the ing route was taken into the state 60-mph alignment. The widening and wash. highway system in 1925. It was not realigning from the original winding Parallels Wash until 1930, however, when a 15-mile two-lane road necessitated extensive The original highway paralleled the contract was let to George Herz & channel changes which accounted for main wash for about three miles and Co., from Cinco to seven miles north the bulk of the grading and over half crossed it via dip sections at three lo- of Ricardo through Red Rock Can- the cost of this contract.

March-April 1960 47 excavation along with roadway exca- vatzon provided material for the roadway embankment and the excess was stockpiled for use as untreated base and mineral aggregate for plant-mixed surfacing on this and the second contract, Embankment Protected To protect the embankment adja~ cent to the realigned channel, grouted rock slope protection was placed to within about five feet of the finished shoulder. The grouted rock was placed in a mat two feet thick measured normal to the slope. The placing of rock slope protection preparatory to grouting was completed on September 5, 1958, and on September 6, 1958, a fload occurred in the ci~annel which washed out a section of the ungrouted rock and washed sand and mud into the remainder of the rock for heights varying from 4 to 12 feet° This de- layed the start of grouting operations by five weeks. Old highway crossing of fhe main wash of Red Rock Canyon in dip section where flash floods frequently closed the road. This is site of new 13-span, four-lane concrete bridge. A second flood occurred on Octo- ber 24, 1958, after most of the grouting was completed and damage was confined to a short section of ungrouted rock and to washing out the concrete batch plant. This contract was campleted on November 24, 1958, by Stecker ~ Scott &Spirit° &Conn at a cost of approximately $4609000. D. A. Crane was resident engineer for the State.

Complete Relocation Work on the second contract got under way in April 1959 and except for the two ends was a complete relocation primarily to the east of the old highway. °I`his section picked up where the other ended continuing the 60-foot all-paved section across the main wash on a 394-foot reinforced concrete slab bride consisting of 13 spans supported on concrete pile bents. After crossing the wash the roadway transitions into District IX's first full divided highway with a 22- foot median. The new alignment avoids recrossing the main wash, re- New bridge across main wash of Red Rock Canyon during construction. Note sand fill used instead of maining to the east with the aid of conventional falsewor& for deck slab. extensive channel excavating for approximately one mile before swinging During construction it was found slopes and several slides occurred, completely out of the main wash area. that the fractured rock in the channel making it necessary to flatten these The divided highway runs for iwo cuts was unstable on the planned %Z :1 slopes to %:1. The ditch and channel miles before it t~°ansitians back into

48 California Highways and Public Works two lanes for the last mile tying into each side of the south bridge abut- contract. An interesting note is the the existing road about 4%2 miles ment, and at the inlets and outlets of fact that both jobs were supervised north of the mouth of the canyon. the 108-inch field assembled plate for different contractors by the same After leaving the main wash area culverts. superintendent, Mr. Ray 1~~Iason. the new alignment crosses one of the Due to limited headroom and close When coupled with a previous proj- major tributaries to Retl Rock Can- spacing of piles it was impractical to ect to the south, completion of this yon at three locations. This wash place rock and grout beneath the ~vorlc gives the district its longest con- drains an area of some 16 square miles, bridge at the south abutment. Here tinuous four-lane highway, seven miles. and has an estimated maximum flow slope protection was provided by The two contracts combined, con- of 830 second-feet; 556 lineal feet of placing afour-inch mat of Gunite re- sisted of 735,700 cubic yards of ditch 108-inch field assembled plate culvert inforced with 4" x 4" steel mesh to a and channel and roadway excavation were used in these three crossings. depth of 12 feet below channel grade. and 26,400 cubic yards of grouted The second contract was completed rock slope protection. Use Wooden Forms on February 3, 1960, by R. R. Hens- All work was under the general All work on the bridge was com- ler, Inc., at a cost of approximately supervision of District Construction pleted on the job site. The contractor $700,000. C. E. Forbes and M. D. Tet- Engineer j. R. Jarvis and District En- set up a pile casting yard and cast the rick were resident engineers on this gineer E. R. Foley. 6,150 lineal feet of concrete piling using wooden forms. The usual procedure was to cast 8 to 10 piles per day, stripping and reforming for the next pour the following morning; 142 piles were poured in this manner. Pile driving was accomplished with a combination of jetting and driving with a diesel hammer. In lieu of conventional falsework for the bridge deck, the contractor used a sand fill placed by rubber tired scrapers and dozers after pile driving was completed. The sand fill was fine- graded by hand and one-fourth inch plywood nailed to 2 x 4 sills was used to form the soffit for the deck slab. The sand fill was removed by skip loaders after waiting vainly several weeks for a flood to come along and wash it out. Upon removal of the sand blanket, used in curing the deck concrete, it was found that the finished deck did not meet the smoothness requirements. The contractor elected grinding as a corrective measure.

Deck Is Smoothed A Concut Bump Cutter was obtained to plane the entire deck thereby improving both the appearance and the riding quality of the bridge and realigned bringing the work New four-lane section climbing out of main wash of Red Rock Canyon. the grouted rock slope within the permis- protection extends 72 feet below the interception channel. sible tolerance for smoothness. Grouted imported rock protection US 1 Ol i n Ventura 4.6 miles of six-lane freeway on US was also used on this project with the 101 between Telephone Road and rock being placed with a "Gradall" Will Be Six-laned Palm Street in and near Ventura. which eliminated the need for all but The State Department of Public Ten structures will be built, includ- very little hand labor. Grouted rock Works today has awarded an $8,209,- ing traffic separation bridges, a pedes- slope protection was used on the em- 756 contract to Griffith Company, trian overcrossing, and railroad grade bankments adjacent to the wash, at Los Angeles, for grading and surfacing separation structures.

March-April 1960 49

50 50

California California Fiigh~vays Fiigh~vays Public Public and and Works

dence dence in in San San Diego. work work done done to to date date project, project, on on his his this this 15 15 not years years job. on on the the

tour. tour. They They will will maintain maintain their their all all properties. properties. resi- The The relationships relationships total total of of the cost cost maintained maintained during he he has has

Marguerite, Marguerite, necessary necessary plan plan roads roads frontage frontage an an to extended extended access access for for Highways Highways trailer excellent for for engineer engineer the the

had had t~~o t~~o interchanges interchanges complete complete On On Butte Butte with County County retirement, retirement, Division Division the the of praised praised Rhodes Rhodes and and his his wife,

last last

was was contract contract miles miles and four four long long

Association Association President President P. P. O'Neill O'Neill

R. R. of to to Chase Chase Avenue Avenue in in El El Cajon.

completed completed in in August August 1959. 1959. This of of scribed scribed to to by by

the the membership. entire entire

Grossmont Grossmont

Summit Summit

east east

of of La La Mesa

the the entrance entrance west west Park Park of of 1945, 1945, Hart Hart was was was presented presented sub- a a gift gift with with

complex complex US US

80 80

Freeway Freeway

between

Tlie Tlie freeway freeway

continuation continuation

of of this this

to eral eral Secondary Secondary Roads Roads since program program

from from

two -lane -lane desert desert

highways highways

to to

the

charge charge been been Division's Division's of of in in

the the Fed-

the the serves serves as as up up one -way -way ramp.

pervised pervised

construction construction

projects projects ranging

ceremony. ceremony. surprise surprise Forge, Forge, has

who who La La

The The -way -way change. change. old old two grade China China

greatest greatest period period of of change change and and has has su-

La La Forge Forge B. B. in in honored honored a was was

connected connected bottom bottom

at at the the by by inter-

an an

development development and and

growth growth during during its

Harold Engineer Engineer Highways Highways Principal Principal ramp ramp one -half -half are are mile mile but but are apart apart

Rhodes Rhodes participated participated

highway

in in

of California California Division Division Angeles, Angeles, Los Los 350 350 feet. feet. ends ends The The two- west west of of the the

struction. year year Association Association annual annual this this dinner dinner in rated rated by by a a distance distance vertical vertical of of about

Engineers County County California California At At the the lineate lineate a a traffic traffic lanes lanes up up one -way -way that that through through ramp ramp are are separa- new new con-

consists consists of of a a one new new ramp ramp down down and -way -way paving paving Engineer with with County County asphalt asphalt to to binder binder de-

way way begins begins on on top top bluffs bluffs of of the the and painted painted

tar tar paper paper which which is is glued glued

Honored Honored Forge Forge

by La La

The The Alfred Alfred Harrell Harrell Highway Highway free- rary rary Striping" Striping" consisting consisting of of white

foot foot

required. fills fills

were were

construction, construction, and and "Rhodes "Rhodes Tempo-

were were involved involved

and, and, 150 150 feet feet 44- away, away,

ects. determining determining pavement pavement

depth depth

during

doned doned borrow borrow where where 80 pit pit -foot -foot cuts

proj- and and planning planning

of of financing financing

these these

been been "Rhodes "Rhodes

Reckoner" Reckoner"

Ready Ready

for

was was terchange terchange constructed constructed in in an an aban- Supervisors Supervisors

the co- with with operated operated of of

widest widest

used. used. Other Other innovations innovations

have

interchange interchange

south south

at at end. end. the the This This in- Board County County missioner. missioner. The The Kern Kern

Slope Slope

distance distance

for for surveyors, surveyors, is is the

project project

was was

the the construction construction of of the Com- G. G. Vernon Vernon Smith, Smith, tion tion of of Road Road

lates lates the the

relationship relationship of of

Horizontal Horizontal to

Another Another interesting interesting of of feature feature this direc- personnel personnel general general under under the the all all

"Rhodes "Rhodes Arc," Arc,"

which which

calcu- rapidly rapidly

county inspected inspected and and neered, neered, with with

End End Inferehange South South way way Engineering. Engineering.

them them Among Among

the

projects projects These These engi- designed, designed, were were

a a of of number number aids aids

to to the the

field field of of

High-

plain. Hummel. George George was was contract contract J. J.

State. State. During During his his

career, career,

he he

developed

Kern Kern overflows overflows River River flood into into the the bridge the the resident resident first first The The on on Call. Call.

ject ject to to washing washing scouring scouring or or when when the Charles Charles Manor Manor tract tract was was M. Street Street on on

since since the the embankment embankment would would tired tired be be Disfricf Disfricf sub- Engineer Engineer of of Districf Districf XI. except except first first contracts contracts con- bridge bridge the the

William William

T. T.

Rhodes Rhodes (right) (right) with with E. E. E. E. Wallace, Wallace,

re-

The The facing facing was was material material necessary the on on engineer engineer resident resident all all The The

made made sand sand borro~~v borro~~v the the economical. county.

project project and and the the next next road, road, to to which funds funds provided provided the were were by by matching matching

the the was was sand sand the the of of middle middle the in in the of of statutes. statutes. substantial substantial portion portion A A

The The reason reason is is for for this this since evident evident accordance accordance Kern Kern state in in County County with with

the the jacent jacent to to end end job. south south of of the the funds funds apportioned apportioned to were were the the federal federal

obtained obtained a a terial terial borrow borrow from from pit pit ad- funds funds which, which, state state with highway highway along along

feet feet 2.5 2.5 and and top top with with a a feet feet select select ma- matching matching moneys moneys of consisted consisted the the

the the Kern Kern outside outside and and River River the the 12 portion portion Highways. Highways. of of of Division Division A A

a a core core with with consisting consisting of of sand sand from Public Public Roads Roads Bureau Bureau State and and the the of of

The The control. control. roadbed roadbed was was constructed through through provided provided U.S. were were the the funds funds

and and gutters gutters drainage drainage for for and and traffic partment partment Public Public Federal of of Works. Works.

"C" "C" cement base base - treated treated with with curbs State State tracts tracts awarded awarded De- the the were were by by

over over surfacing surfacing inches inches eight eight Class of of program program secondary secondary con- all all highway highway

The The $971,600. $971,600. roadway roadway is is plant required required -mixed the the -aid under under As As federal

engineering, engineering, was was or or

approximately

Confracfs Awards Awards State State

expenditures expenditures cluding cluding -of for for -way right

well well as as the the

southern southern

portion portion of of the

pleted pleted

portion.

Street Street expressway, expressway, Freeway - not not in-

tion tion projects projects

both both

in in the the

central central as

three three interchanges interchanges are are com- on on

the the 2.3 total total the the cost cost The The -mile -mile of of Manor

representative representative on on numerous numerous construc-

There

interchanges interchanges and and possibly possibly

four. four.

1958. in in accepted accepted July July

39 39 State State for for years, years, acted acted as as the the State's

include include

additional

will will three three at at

least least

plete plete the the divided divided four -lane -lane road road was

1. 1. Rhodes, Rhodes, who who was was employed employed by by the

extension freeway freeway proposed proposed The The

The The fifth fifth and and final final contract contract to to com-

San San Diego Diego area, area, retired retired on on February

traffic traffic and and control.

structure.

State State

Division Division of of Highways Highways in in the

drainage gutters gutters interchanges interchanges for for at at

channel channel concrete concrete type type

dent dent the the

for for

second Engineer Engineer for for the the California

treated treated of of and cement cement curbs curbs base base with with

decided decided it it was was to to use use

the the

prestressed William William

T. T.

Rhodes, Rhodes, long -time -time Resi-

-mixed -mixed inches of of plant over over surfacing surfacing 6 6

Crete Crete but but deck, deck, to to

a a steel steel due due

shortage District District

XI XI Retires

freeway. freeway. This This inches is is roadway roadway three three

from from

page page 44 44 .. .. . Continued Continued

is is $1,024;000 $1,024;000 five five of about about miles miles for for

Resident Resident Engineer Engineer in

KERN KERN

COUNTY engineering engineering -way, including including right -of or or History of Measuring Devices ~~ ro i o ra In California Is Described

By FRANCIS N. HVEEM, Materials and Research Engineer

THE CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS became interested in means for evaluating road roughness more than 30 years ago, and for many years construction forces, resident engineers and contractors were "kept on their toes" by the fact that pavements would be evaluated for roughness at the completion of the contract. The devices used were of the type de-

This article is the second of two describing the development of use of devices for measuring the roughness of pavement. This material was also presented before the Highway Researeh Boeard at its 39th Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C., Jan- FIGURE 16—Shown above is the method of mounting the Roughometer rack and roller on an automobile. uary 11 to 15.

scribed previously in the form of a mechanically operated counter actu- ated by the movements of the front axle of a car. (Figs. 16, 17, 18.) In 1950, the mechanical difficulties of the car-mounted Roughometer were over- come by the development of an elec~ tronic device, but dii~erences between cars still affect the readings. A novel instrument developed by E. L. Seitz, Resident Engineer of the California Division of Highways,l is the Bumpograph (Fig. 19) which was intended solely for use during the FIGURE 17—The Roughometer shown mounfed on the insfrument board of an auto. construction of asphaltic concrete pavements, When wheeled by hand over a section of pavement, the Bump- ograph would mark all of the high spots with white chalk. The machine was light in weight, weighing only about 3d pounds and had a wheelbase of approximately eight feet. While serving as a resident engineer on a paving contract, the author developed a simple profile measuring device which it now appears was identical in principle to the original Viagraph ascribed to Mr. Brown of Belfast 40 years earlier. The mech- 'California Highways and Publio Works, Febrnary 1937, page 26. FIGURE 18—Testing the Roughometer with one-inch boards-1931. llilarch -April 1960 51

,52 ,52

California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

Highways. of of

vertical vertical

movement movement

a a wheel wheel attached of of

FIGURE FIGURE

20 —The —The multiwheel multiwheel

profilograph profilograph

wiPh wiPh ]0 base base -foot -foot developed developed length length by by the the California California Division

The The "profile" "profile" recorded recorded from from is is the

Vertical Vertical Recorded Motion Motion

10 10 wheels.

nient nient which which contact contact are are with with the in in

of of the the high high or or of of spots spots low low the the pave-

datum datum representing representing the the mean mean elevation

truck truck frame frame order order in in produce produce to to a

grated grated movement movement with with the the of of the

tegrated tegrated and and then then electrically electrically inte-

bogie bogie wheels wheels extra extra mechanically mechanically is is in-

gram. gram. The The vertical vertical movement movement of of the

cracks cracks mark mark joints joints or or -the- -the- on on profilo-

whenever whenever used used necessary necessary `riot `riot it it is is to

sition sition of of back back the the This This cab, cab, position position is

unit unit the the with with driver driver elevated elevated in in an an po-

April April

1944, 1944,

pp. pp.

-9.

occupation. occupation. hazardous hazardous a a Therefore the the Figure Figure on on 23 23 console. console.

shows shows

the

2 2 California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works, Works, March-

trafric trafric

has has shown shown

that that

is is

this this definitely

manually manually pressing pressing appropriate appropriate buttons

isons isons

were were

made made sections sections over over pave- of of

pavements pavements subjected subjected

on on to to

high high speed registered registered are are profilogram profilogram on on the the by

at at

five

intervals intervals -foot -foot and and compar- also also

ating ating

propelled propelled hand

the the profilograph -

of of view view cracks cracks any any defects defects or or which

with with

profiles profiles

plotted plotted from from level level notes

arbitrarily. arbitrarily. Experience Experience

less less oper- in in position position enables enables to to him him get get close a a

with with

this this

profilograph profilograph

compared were were

25 -foot -foot a a selected selected length length was was

more more frame frame or pushed pushed ahead ahead of of the the truck; truck; this

the the

surface. surface.

Profilograms Profilograms obtained

graph graph should should have have longer longer

a a frame frame carried carried

and by by an an independently independently supported

from from

a a

-foot -foot

straightedge straightedge placed placed on

concluded concluded

that that

improved improved

an an profilo- shows shows truck truck this this the the with with operator

ferred ferred

to to the the

amount amount

departure of of

hicles hicles

with with a a

longer longer wheelbase, wheelbase,

it it was of of total total wheels wheels 10 10 in in Figure Figure line. line. 22

specifications specifications

for for

pavement pavement

finish finish re-

traffic traffic speed speed

and and

of of trend trend toward toward ve- wheels wheels in in front front the the and and making making rear rear a

was was

due due

to to

the the

fact fact

that that California

general general With With the the

increase increase in in the equipped equipped series series a a with with of of bogie small small

lection lection of of

a a

-foot -foot

length length

of of frame

cipal cipal "beam" "beam" member. member. The The truck truck

was

the the tonneau tonneau Longer Longer Base Base Needed

of of a a

small small sedan. sedan.

The The se-

was was lengthened lengthened became became and and prin-

the the

ready ready

transportation transportation

a a pickup pickup

in in

or or in

of of the the bumps bumps in in the the -ton -ton pavement. two truck. truck. The The frame frame of of the the truck

down down into into

relatively relatively

small small

pieces pieces for

always always persisted persisted to to the the as as mechanism mechanism shape exact exact incorporated incorporated was was

a into into

fact fact

that that

the the

frame frame

could could

be be broken

purposes purposes

cal cal unanswered unanswered but but questions complish complish purposes purposes profilograph both both a a

first first

California California

profilograph profilograph

2 2

is is the

be be

to to sufficiently sufficiently for for close close to to tion tion practi- the the all all operator. operator. order order to to

In In ac -_.

end. end. The The

important important

feature feature

of of this

scale scale Agreement Agreement (Fig. (Fig. 21). 21). appeared which which would would reasonable reasonable offer offer protec-

ported ported

upon upon

multiple multiple

wheels wheels

at at either

measuring measuring and and ordinates ordinates capable capable a a with with steel more more of of rapid rapid operation operation

and

sisted sisted of of

a a frame frame

10 10

feet feet

in in

length length sup-

ment ment stretching stretching by by a a piano piano wire steel steel steps steps were were taken taken develop develop to to a a unit

constructed constructed (Fig. (Fig. 20), 20), which which con-

partment, partment, amore amore elaborate elaborate device device was

with with

the the

Materials Materials

and and Research Research De- Highways, Highways, for for eonstrucfion eonstrucfion defecting defecting during during bumps bumps asphaltic asphaltic pavemento of of

-7he -7he FIGURE FIGURE ]9 Bumpograph, Bumpograph, shown shown

was was above, above, constructed constructed by by E. E. SeiPz, SeiPz, fhe fhe L. L. California California In In of of 1940, 1940, Division Division of after after becoming becoming associated

First First in in California

became became a a little little wearing.

"sled" "sled" any any for for appreciable appreciable distance

noisy noisy in in operation operation and and dragging dragging the

However, However, the the unit unit ~~as ~~as somewhat

were were quite quite accurate accurate and and reproducible.

empty empty tomato tomato can. can. Graph Graph records

platen platen supporting supporting the the paper paper was was an

was was a a common common lead lead pencil pencil and and the

served served as as a a reduction reduction gear. gear. The The stylus

from from a a small small hand - operated operated churn

tired tired wheel wheel and and the the mechanism mechanism taken

roller roller was was driven driven by by a a small small rubber-

ber ber 10' 10' in in length. length. The The paper paper feed

structed structed of of two two pieces pieces of of 1" 1" x x 6" 6" lum-

Viagraph. Viagraph. The The straightedge straightedge was was con-

involved involved than than that that shown shown for for Brown's

anism anism used, used, however, however, was was much much less >TA.25490 STA.26 +10 STA.26+30 WP S7A.2 t50 STA.26~70 WP WP a ~fy E i;.. !~ 0.3f

~ ___ ~` _ ., _ ~ .. 0.10 ...... : -...... ~ ~ Profilograph record taken August I, 1945, 315 P. M. O.Of ------Profilograph ~-- record Taken March 26, 1943, 3:30 P. M. TRAFFIC • • Profile scaled from piano wire to pavement surface, taken September 4, 1945, IO:OO A.M. FIGURE 21—The above graph shows the relative accuracy of profilograph records compared with a profile obtained by stretching a set to pavement surface. The pavement piano wire and scaling ofi shown is a badly curved or warped concrete pavement.

to the truck frame at the midpoint While the truck-mounted profilo- tively expensive and so in 1957 an- and is always with reference to the graph is invaluable for securing meas- other hand-propelled model was de- mean elevation of 10 points of contact ure~nents over many miles of an ex- signed using a plywood frame con- with the road surface. This self-pow- isting highway system and for fol- structed in five sections for ready ered mobile profilograph was con- lowing the changes that take place knockdown and transportation structed in 1955 and has been operated (Fig. with time and traffic, ir. is, of course, 2S) . This model, constructed over the length and breadth of Cali- of pl}•- not suitable for use on jobs under wood, appears to be fornia and was sent on one superior in most trip to construction. The truck is obviously respects Colorado to record considering rigidity, ability the riding quali- too heavy for safe application on a ties to nest units for conservation of space produced with a slip form type of newly constructed concrete pavement. in a transporting vehicle, enclosing of paver. This trucl~ model has proved Therefore, there is a need fora light- the operating mechanism for protec- to be eminently satisfactory and has weight profilograph and a new model tion against damage and above all given little or no trouble in operation has been the constructed using the same lowest initial cost of construction. and has enabled us to make records wheelbase as the truck unit and which This instrument is intended primarily over many miles of existing highways. produces a graph record by mechani- for use to check the surface This unit has been duplicated with cal rough- means that is virtually identical. ness of newly constructed some modifications in the State of pavements. The profile of the finished Michigan and reported by William S. UniT Too Light pavemene is recorded on a graph record Housel and Olaf L. Stokstad in a paper There had been some complaint or profilogram to a horizontal entitled "Pavement Profile Surveys to from operators using the original scale of one inch equals 25 feet Correlate Michigan Design Practice small plywood unit that crosswinds and a vertical scale of one inch equals ~~ith Service Behavior." 3 It has per- at times created problems in operat- one inch which is the same as the mitted setting up of a tentative scale ing the machine. Therefore, a 25-foot scale established for the mobile for evaluating pavement roughness unit using a tubular aluminum frame trucl~-mounted and unit. relating this scale to the so-called was constructed in an attempt to meet riding qualities or the reactions to road this objection (Fig. 24). While satis- Number System Evolved roughness of factory so drivers and passengers in far as operation and ability Since the first roughness measure- motor vehicles. to knock down and reassemble the ment devices were constructed, there tubular frame, this material and type has a Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the been an instinctive and virtually Highway Research Board, of construction Vol. 38 (1959 . proved to be rela- automatic move on the part of en-

~ ~ ~~ ~~~ ,

- _. __._. _.__y_~ _ _ _ .. .

FIGURE 22—A mobile profilograph constructed by the California Division of Highways FIGURE 23—The profilograph in Figure 22 showing in 1955 showing the operator in position to record cracks and the recording console in joints. the elevated position. /March-April 1960 53

54 54

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

cursions cursions of of the the

recording recording to stylus stylus raent raent less less of of objectionable objectionable Highways. and and is is more more justifi-

GreKg, GreKg,

L. L.

E. E. and and Foy, Foy, W. W.

S., S., Kentucky Kentucky

Depart-

distance distance involved involved

in in

the the

vertical vertical use use ex-

a a or or roughness roughness "number" "number" becomes Evaluation Evaluation of of Pavement Pavement Riding Riding

Qualities;'

4 4

"T~~iaxial "T~~iaxial

Acceleration Acceleration

Analysis Analysis Applied Applied

to to the

mechanism mechanism for for accumulating accumulating total the the with with time time and and traffic. traffic. However, However, the

it it and and becomes becomes Professor Professor important important Housel Housel to to assign assign added added has has a num- of of changes changes which which are are taking taking place

has has numerical numerical means means will will necessary necessary index index for for be be integrating integrating results, the the if of of a a pavement pavement or or to to the the study study nature

more more elaborate elaborate system system The The ~of ~of Bureau Bureau deriving deriving of of Roads Roads Public Public a device is is what what on on going going construction during during

pavement, pavement, for for example. example. in in an an automobile. A A somewhat if if ord ord an an engineer engineer wishes wishes know to to

erated erated

by by badly badly faulted faulted results results of of concrete a a `bumpmeter" `bumpmeter" mounted careful careful examination examination of of the the rec- graph graph

ance ance

in in terms terms

of of

riding riding qualities qualities a a gen- unit unit of of inches inches per per to to mile mile express that that pears pears is is there there no no substitute substitute for for a

not not

adequately adequately

ernphasive ernphasive the the annoy- to to numbers, numbers, thus thus California California employed e~:pressed e~:pressed by by a a single single number. number. It It ap-

this this and and

numerical numerical

expression expression does of of roughometers, roughometers, profilometers, profilometers, etc., counters counters ferent ferent but but results results the the are are not

different different

shape shape and and

of of

different different

length engineers engineers have have converted converted the the readings British British machine machine uses uses a a number number dif- of of

between between

bumps bumps

or or irregularities irregularities

~f factory factory road! road! Throughout Throughout years, the the a a few few larger larger and and distinct distinct bumps. bumps. The

specifications, specifications,

it it fails fails

to to

differentiate

ness ness per per mile mile represented represented a a very very satis- the the pavement pavement surface surface as as compared compared to

be be

reasonably reasonably

satisfactory satisfactory

for for use use

that that he he thought thought S S that that of of 1 1 feet feet rough- numbers numbers large large of of asperities asperities small small on

While While

the the profile profile

index index

appears appears

feet feet per per mile. mile. previously previously It It is is noted been been devised devised to to distinguish distinguish between

expressed expressed road road roughness roughness terms terms in in of no no and and simple simple numerical numerical has Differentiate scale scale Cannot Cannot

recorded recorded a a profilogram profilogram and and he he also represent represent often often oversimplification an an

article article

as as

Appendix Appendix

II.

Brown's Brown's Viagraph Viagraph is is shown shown it it that that he are are convenient, convenient, unfortunately but but

cations cations

appears appears at at

the the

of of

end end

this

ber. ber. For For example, example, the the report report in in of of Mr. of of true, true, course, course,

these these that that

numbers

tances. tances.

Acopy Acopy

of of

our our

current current

specifi-

gineers gineers to to reduce reduce the the to to data data num- a a develop develop "roughness "roughness

a a

index." index." It It

mile mile or or in in proportion proportion for for shorter shorter dis-

will will not not over over total total inches inches seven seven per

tions tions of of outside outside the the 0.2 0.2 in. in. hand hand which construction construction control.

FIGURE FIGURE

25 —The —The recent recent

most most a a model model of of propelled propelled hand- recording recording profilograph profilograph intended intended for primarily primarily that that contractor contractor the the is is permitted permitted devia-

a a profile profile index index of of seven seven which which means

present present time time Ca1_ifornia Ca1_ifornia has has established

to to have have good good qualities. qualities. riding riding A A the r r

usually usually considered considered ,. to to he he smooth smooth and

dex dex is is very very the. the. low low pavements pavements are

~.._.. ~.._.. ~ ~ . .

~,.

.__-.~: .__-.~:

-~. -~.

-~ -~

~r~~~, ~r~~~,

..~ ..~ ~-

it it shown shown can can _ _ be be that that if if the the profile profile in- ,,, ,,, .m ..,

However, However, face. face. as as a a practical practical matter,

indices indices ful ful to to rideability rideability of of a a road road sur-

results results to to give give consistent consistent or or meaning-

were were we we unable unable but but to to interpret interpret the

tucicy tucicy machine machine and and instrumentation

tucky.~ tucky.~ California California duplicated duplicated the the Ken-

instrument instrument orate orate developed developed in in Ken-

response response the the passenger passenger of of a a is is an an elab-

elaborate elaborate .attempt .attempt to to evaluate actually actually

index index to to "riding "riding qualities." qualities." The The most

ported ported herein herein furnish furnish do do not not a a direct

strictly strictly speaking speaking that- that- .devices .devices the the re-

FIGURE FIGURE 24 —A —A profilograph profilograph propelled propelled hand - with with unitized unitized rapid rapid frame frame knockdown. for for

should should It It index. index. again again be be emphasized

completely completely reflected reflected by by profile the the

quality quality of of a a pavement pavement directly directly is is or

roughness roughness the the that that made made riding or or

file file was was index index derived. derived. No No claim claim is ~~~ ~~~ ~~.~°

scribing scribing in in some some how how detail detail the the pro-

~• report report Mr. Mr. a a by by Bailey Bailey Tremper Tremper de-

attached attached dix dix I, I, herewith, herewith, is is from taken taken

profile profile profilogram profilogram or or record. record. Appen-

that that it it is is derived derived from from the the recorded

the the called called "profile "profile index" index" to to indicate

anew anew oped oped index index which which has has been

Therefore, Therefore, California California has has devel-

New New Index Index MacEe

construction.

surface surface finish finish to to be be obtained obtained during

able able as as a a means means for for specifying specifying the bers to existing highways or airfields. features are shown on all records, ing of concrete slabs that often de- It is to be doubted that there will ever especially the magnitude of faulting velop between early morning and late be any adequate substitute for careful at the joints. Figure 28 is included to afternoon. They have also demon- visual examination of the recorded illustrate some of the changes in sur- strated that California pavement slabs profiles which convey information on face roughness which may develop in as a rule are curled upward at the ends the frequency, magnitude and shape a pavement over a period of time. and it is only on warm afternoons of the inequalities, and it seems un- Here are shown three stages in the that the slabs approach a condition of likely that all of these factors can be life of a concrete pavement; namely, flatness. Very few examples have been adequately identified by any simple after four months, one year and three found of pavements that assume a numerical expression even tho the years. Figure 29 illustrates the im- downward curl with the joints being numbers are produced by feeding the provement in riding qualities that de- low. profile record into one of the modern velop from placing successive layers Profilograms furnish an invaluable electronic calculators or data reduc- of construction. The lower graph is means for recording the initial rough- tion "mechanical brains." the surface of a cement treated base. ness of pavements as constructed and In order to illustrate some of the The second is the surface of the first for" following up and analyzing relationships and information which layer or leveling course of asphaltic the changes which take place during may be derived from pavement sur- concrete. Third represents the second the years following construction. It is face profilograms, several examples are layer of dense graded asphaltic mix- axiomatic that if an engineer is to take shown. Figure 26 represents three pro- ture and the fourth or upper profile steps to correct any deficiency he files taken of the same stretch of pave- represents the finished surface of an must understand the nature and cause ment plotted by different means. Pro- open-graded wearing course. It will be of the thing he is trying to correct. file (a) was developed from level observed that while most of the initial notes with rod readings taken at 2?r- bumps were eliminated in the top Acknowledgments foot intervals. The readings were ad- course, nevertheless, the principal one I ~~ish to acknowledge justed to eliminate any effects of the con- which is shown is apparently the re- tributions of pavement grade or grade changes. many individuals who flection of a bump in the base course. have Profile (b) is the same surface as furnished information and material used in this paper and to those recorded with a truckmounted pro- FaulTing Defected filometer (Fig. 22, 23). Profile (c) is ~vho have assisted in the development One valuable attribute of the pro- and use of the profilograph units con- recorded with ahand-propelled model filograph is the ability to detect incip- illustrated in Figure Figure and structed in this State. 24. 26 ient faulting. If the instrument is ad- Figure 21 both demonstrate the Among those who have furnished rela- justed to give the proper sensitivity, tive accuracy of these profilograms helpful information are: it is possible to estimate faulting to compared to other methods of meas- the nearest 0.01 inch. Periodic meas- Mr. H. Petersen, Road Research In- urement. urements make it possible to follow stitute, Technical University, Han- over, Germany. Some Variation the increase in faulting if it occurs. Faulting can be detected on a profilo- Mr. R. Peltier, Director of Re- It will he obvious, of course, that gram before it is apparent from an search and Tests, Laboratoire Central the inequalities in the pavement are inspection of the pavement. Profilo- des Ponts et Chaussees, Paris, France. recorded with reference to the datum grams provide a convenient method Mr. A. C. Whiffen, Head of Special furnished by a 25-foot beam sup- for recording the location of cracks Problems Section, Road Research ported on multiple wheels at either and also for determining whether Laboratory, Harmondsworth, Middle- end. In order to illustrate the effects of there is any relationship between the sex, England. varying the length of the wheel base, high or low points in the profile and n~ir. J. D. Lindsay, Engineer of ARa- Figure 27 shows a stretch of concrete the location of joints or cracks in the terials, Division of Highways, Spring- pavement with marked faulting at pavement. Profilograms have been field, Illinois. most of the joints as recorded by the used to measure the warping or curl- 1VIr. W. N. Carey, Jr., Chief Engi- 25-foot truckprofilograph. The suc- ing of slabs as affected by variables neer for Research, and Mr. A. C. Ben- ceeding profiles represent the same such as the maximum size of aggregate kelman, Flexible Pavement Research stretch of pavement recorded with or nature of the cement. For example, Engineer, AASHO Road Test, Ot- hand-propelled units in which the Figure 30 shows several profiles taken tawa, Illinois. length of wheel base has been changed from the Topeka test road illustrating Professor Ralph A. Moyer, Univer- successively from 25 feet to 20 feet, sity of California, some of these effects. (Note that the Berkeley, Califor- 15 feet and 10 feet respectively. nia. numerical values for roughness repre- It will be evident that while there Among those who have made con- sent atotal range is not much difference between a 20- from high to lo~v tributions to the work in this State foot and 25-foot length, the 10-foot points and on this chart do not corre- are: wheel base does introduce some depar- spond to the profile index scale.) Pro- 1~~r. Bailey Tremper, Supervising tures in the recorded profile. It will filograms have made it possible to Materials and Research Engineer; Mr. be noted, however, that the principal visualize the wide variations in curl- George Pomeroy and Mr. R. E. Wil-

March-April 1960 55 JOINTS

25~TRUCK MOUNTED FROM MODIFIED LEVEL NOTES (a)

25~ WHEEL BASE HAND PUSHED

TRUCK MOUNTED PROFI LOM ETER (b) 20~ WHEEL BASE HAND PUSHED

l I5~ WHEEL BASE HAND PUSHED ~' HAND PUSHED PRO FILO METER (C) Pebble O~WHEEL BASE HAND PUSHED

0 I 2 31N CHE5 0 I 2 31N CHES

Vertical Scale Ve~r~ical Scale 0 25 50 ]5 100 FEET Q 25 50 ]5 100 FEET

Horizo ntol Scale Horizontal Swle FIGURE 26—A comparison between three difFerent methods of recording FIGURE 27—Profiles of a faulted concrete pavement showing influence of pavement roughness. varying the length of wheelbase on the profilograph. helmy, Chief Instrumentmakers; Mr. selected by the districts in response car. Disagreement in terms of personal J. L. Beatty, Mr. Charles W. Clawson to a request for examples of "smooth" impressions was found with only a and Mr. Douglas Howard who have and "rough riding" pavements, of few of the district ratings. Such dis- operated the profilographs over many both portland cement concrete and bi- agreement, however, was only to be miles of road. tuminous types. The profiles covered expected since the profilograph opera- Mr. J. E. Barton, who suggested the 60 miles in all representing 17 sections tors were making comparisons on a electrical circuits making possible the of each type. Some sections were t~~o- statewide basis, while the districts compensating device on the truck- lane and others four-lane and since were presumably comparing roads mounted profilograph, and Mr. Rob- profiles were nearly always made of within their own areas. It is believed ert Field, who worked out the me- the two outer lanes, the lengths given that the observations made by the chanical and electrical circuits for this above are only about one-half the total headquarters profilograph operators unit. profiles obtained. All profiles repre- should be more consistent on a state- Mr. Don Spellman, who developed sent the outer wheel track, about 30 wide basis and for this reason they the profile index. inches from the edge of the pavement, are used in the discussion that follows. recorded in the direction of traffic. The classification as to riding com- Appendix From this group, 15 sections of port- fort must necessarily be broad because MEASURING PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS land cement concrete pavement and in addition to the factor of personal FROM PROFILOGRAMS 11 sections of bituminous pavement reactions, speed and type of vehicle During the spring and summer of were selected for study. are other prominent variables. Never- 1956, profilograms of selected pave- At the time the profiles were made, theless, among the pavements selected, ments in the nine districts were re- the operators recorded their personal examples were found that could be corded with the new truck-mounted observations as to relative roughness classified as distinctly either rough or profilograph. These pavements were when driving over the roadway in a smooth without much likelihood of

Open Graded Pr.t •2.3 JOINTS

Surface Course Pi. 1 - 10.0 /+ge 4 Months Pr. I - 14 Faulting 9"/mi.

Leveling Course Pr. 1 - 14.0 /+ge I Year P r. I - 17 Faulting 12"/mi.

605E ~ Wy.(M ~ ~^'~.^i',~'~✓`"V'~ ~' \y~..a~../"'V Pr. I - 32.0 Age 3 Years Pr. f -35 Faulting 25~~/mi. z cnEs verncai s~aie 0 25 50 >5 FEET

Morizontol Scale

FIGURE 28-7he fltree recorded lines above show the progressive roughening FIGURE 29—A comparative chart showing the improvement in riding qualities of a concrete pavement. (reading bottom to top) as successive layers of pavement are placed over a base.

56 California Highways and Public Work vocation of joints - 20 ft. typical low points exceeding that amount - Traffic were made on several profiles by selecting one-mile sections that were typical of the job. It was found that a minimum of one mile of profile was needed to obtain a reasonably representative sec- Section 19, Cement tion of road. Even then some profiles 2 , I"Aggt. 1924 Curing 124~~per mile exhibit wide differences in appearance from one end to the other and cannot Arrows indicate amount of curling well be represented as "average." This is one AM distinct advantage of the profilogram record in that such varying areas can readily be seen on the graph Pfd and -located on the road. The enrire profile could be used in an analysis but of course this would lengthen the Section 22, Cement 3, I "Aggt. 1924 Curing 108~~per mile time required. The counts or total number of inches deviation obtained by this method varied from two AF,~ inches to over 90 inches per mile. To avoid confusion with previously established usage, the term "inches per Sul mile" in excess of 0.2 inch will be given another name, to indicate that Section I, Cement I, I'~Aggt. 1949 Curing 106' per mile these values are derived from the profile. This term "profile index (0.2 in.)," leaves room for other terms which may correlate Aran better with "riding quality." A profile index (0.2 inch) of 2 inches to 10 inches on a PIN portland cement concrete pavement appears to be typical of new pave- Section 33, Cement ments 2,I~~Aggt 1924 Curing 158~~per mile and old ones in good condition. Counts of 40 or over would be considered rough. Other methods yet to aM be devised may better describe roughness or may better express "riding qualities."

Section 27, Cement Appendix II I , 2~~ Aggt 1924 Curing 84~~ per mile STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT 1" — 25' Horizontal SCALE: 40-1.10. Final Finishing.—After the 1" 1" Vertical preliminary finishing has been com- FIGURE 30—A profilogram record of the Topeka road test showing warping or curling of pavement slabs. pleted, the edges of an initial pavement lane shall be rounded with an edging tool having a 0.04-foot radius. Trans- disagreement. In the intermediate zone showed short waves or "scallops" hav- verse contact joints, expansion joints, it is not unlikely that there would be ing ordinates over three-eighths inch, and joints adjacent to an existing pave- some difference of opinion as to which Mr. Don Spellman conceived the idea ment shall be rounded with an edging pavements are smoother than others. of evaluating roads on the basis of tool having a 0.02-foot radius. vertical deviations only after Profile Analysis blanking LVhen a straightedge 10 feet long is out those portions of the profile show- laid on the finished pavement surface, Various expedients were tried seek- ing only minor inequalities which ap- and parallel «pith the centerline of the ing to convert the profilogram rec- parently cause little discomfort to the highway, the surface shall not vary ords to a numerical scale that would passengers in a motor vehicle. A more than O.OI foot from correlate with the jury classification. "blanking" the lower band of 0.2 inch vas arbi- edge of the straightedge. To speed up the evaluation and trarily Upon com- selected and a summarization pletion make use of the of the pavement, if any high fact that rough roads of the measurements of the peaks and ...Continued on page 71 March-April 1960 57

58 58

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

with with

five

-foot -foot sidewalks sidewalks

on on

either either

side. sion. tati tati and and Santa Santa Rosa Rosa in in Sonoma Sonoma County.

structure, structure, it it was was widened widened to to four four lanes

furnishing furnishing

the the materials materials and and supervi- county county line line US US 101 101 and and between between

Co-

20 20 years years previously previously as as a a two of of -lane beautification beautification

the the projects, projects,

State

Fremont Fremont Alameda near near the the -Santa -Santa

Clara

dedicated dedicated

on on 24. 24.

Nlarch Nlarch Constructed nished nished the the labor labor for for this this most most

difficult

of of

installation: installation:

Nimitz Nimitz

the the Freeway Freeway in

erly erly

approach approach to to

Sacramento Sacramento

was Bluffs, Bluffs, the the use use of of workers workers SERA SERA fur-

Bay Bay

area area and and

now now signs signs

are are in in process

Bridge Bridge on on

16th 16th Street Street

the the

on on north-

nate nate the the along along famous famous Monica Santa Santa

selected selected

similar similar

for for installations installations

in in the

The The

transformed transformed

American American

River In In Santa Santa Monica Monica on on US US Alter- 101 101

additional locations locations additional Two Two have have been

WENT WENT SNIP SNIP ANOTHER ANOTHER BEAUTIFICATION BEAUTIFICATION BOTTLENECK PROJECT

first first unit unit on on 25, 25, February February 1960.

introduction introduction of of

signs signs

the the

along along

this

neer neer the the on on job.

use use of of the the

signs, signs,

participated participated in in

the

noting noting

the the

speedometer speedometer reading reading

at at the

M. M. George George was was Webb Webb resident resident engi-

of of the the author author resolution resolution

providing providing

for

straight, straight,

level level

of of

section section highway. highway.

yet yet reached reached the the vicinity vicinity of of the the slide.

Charles Charles W. W. of of Meyers Meyers

San San

Francisco,

areas areas

on on

both both

sides sides

of of a a

relatively

~vay. ~vay. Work Work on on the the highway highway had had not

District District atives atives

in in IV, IV, Assemblyman

Signs Signs

are are

installed installed

along along the the shoulder

the the of of line line the the state state proposed proposed high-

Division Division with with

of of Highways Highways

represent-

Ending Ending

and and A~Iileage A~Iileage End End

of of

Check.

of of into into rock rock the the North North Fork Fork along

Francisco. Francisco. San San limits limits In In

of of company

etc., etc., and and

a a

with with signpost signpost final final

both

warning warning dropped dropped cubic cubic 75,000 75,000 yards

San San Mateo Mateo

near near County County the the

south south

city

ometer ometer

Check Check

Ahead, Ahead, Mile Mile

0, 0, Nlile Nlile 1,

through through the the canyon, canyon, and and without

Bayshore Bayshore of of portion portion the the Freeway Freeway

white white

enamel enamel

signs signs

showing: showing: Speed-

ages ages of of cutting cutting deeper deeper and and deeper

was was installed installed val, val, the the

open open along along

water

test test

location location

consists consists

of of

black

-on-

Oroville, Oroville, back back struck struck at at the the river river for

atwo Bay Bay Francisco Francisco area, area,

inter-

-mile -mile

The The

installation installation complete complete

in in each

of of the the Feather Feather 35 35 River River miles miles east east of

unit unit first first the the use use San The The

in in for for

on on

state state

highways. ering ering above above 1,000 1,000 feet feet the the North North Fork

been been traveled. measuring measuring distance distance installed installed have have locations at at

various various March March On On 26, 26, Dome, Dome, Grizzly Grizzly tow-

speedometers speedometers of of accuracy accuracy in in motorists motorists in their their speedometers checking checking

RETALIATION

will will motorists motorists of of check check have have Legislature, Legislature, on on new new a a the signs signs the the

to to assist

Island.

the the reaching reaching sign, Resolution Resolution last last upon upon Mile Mile 394 394 again again in in No. No. the the

last last session

tween tween Francisco Francisco San San and and Yerba Yerba Buena

passing passing Mile Mile time time and Following Following

0 0 of of the the adoption adoption sign sign the the of of

Assembly

of of the the twin twin suspension suspension bridges bridges be-

to to tory tory the the spinning spinning cable cable of of the the first

over over the the tower tower

bridge bridge

prepara- tops tops IV. District District

J. J. Engineer Engineer Sinclair Sinclair Highway Highway of State State P. P. Assistant Assistant Mateo Mateo and and California California unit unit first first Patrol, Patrol, the the Highway Highway the the of of of of the the two two catwalks catwalks built

charge charge

John John the the in in San Kennedy, Kennedy, Captain Captain Meyers Meyers Francisco, Francisco, Assemblyman Assemblyman of of to to

San San W. W.

Charles Charles

of of

let

}): }):

-3 -3

and and

W W

-2 -2

for for the the first first support support of

were were Freeway Freeway (right the the Bayshore Bayshore signs signs on on check check in in speedometer speedometer Participating Participating

the the unveiling unveiling

new new

of of the the

raised raised then then to to the the Towers tops tops of of

to to midway midway Buena Buena I'erba I'erba Island. Island. It It was

the the San San Francisco - Oakland Oakland Bay Bay Bridge

the the and and concrete concrete center center anchorage anchorage of

water water mile mile of of between between San San Francisco

A A wire wire rope rope was was across across drawn drawn a

CATWALKS CATWALKS FOR FOR CABLE CABLE SPINNING

of -~~ay -~~ay on on California's California's freezl;ay. first first

veys, veys, plans, plans, and and acquisition acquisition of of rights-

Pasadena Pasadena for for starting starting work work on on sur-

of of Los Los South South Angeles, Angeles, Pasadena, Pasadena, and

of of the the share share gasoline gasoline the the tax tax in in Cities

receive receive allotments allotments from from the the citv's

thus thus making making the the eligible eligible project project to

in in high`vay high`vay state state the the highway highway system,

Arroyo Arroyo Seco Seco Parkway Parkway as as a a secondary

State State The The Legislature Legislature designated designated the

,~N ,~N

~CK FIRST FIRST FREEWAY A~~~~

~~~~ ~zvays ~zvays and and PZCblic PZCblic Wo~~ks.

1935 1935 April April of of issues issues ~~~~ Cali Cali f f or7~ia or7~ia High-

ing ing items items in in appeared appeared the the March March and

'Twenty -five -five years years ago. ago. The The follo~v-

`Tempos `Tempos ugit' ugit' f f Corner

NEW NEW SIGNS SIGNS HELP HELP MOTORISTS MOTORISTS CHECK CHECK SPEEDOMETERS ♦ Continued Decline Shown r I e oS S In Price Survey for 1959

By H. K. MAUZY, Seni^r Bridge Engineer and W. J. YUSAVAGE, Assistant Research Technician

THE YFnR 1959 was the second con- INDEX RELATING TO CALIFORNIA BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AND PERIODIC DOLLAR secutive year in which bridge con- VALUES OF LOW BIDS ON CALIFORNIA BRIDGE CONStRUCT10N struction costs were lower than those of the preceding ., in iv v vi year. The cost data Inde of the Index of the Index of the Index of the maintained by the Bridge Department cost of value of vol:~me of bids on California California bridge California bridge. California bridge bridge construction shows that the year 1957 represented II construction construction construction (in millions Year Quarter (1939-1940-100) (1939-1940-100) [1939-194100) of dollars)

1934...... 94 *60 *64 3.1 1935..... This article is the eighth of an .. 88 *138 *157 7.1 1936...... 98 annual series dealing *74 *73 3.7 with Califor- 1937...... 114 *60 *53 3.1 nia bridge construction costs. The 1938...... 99 *78 *79 4.0 seventh article appeared in the 1939..... March-April 1959 issue. 101 *99 *98 5.1 1940...... 99 *101 *10P 5.4 1941...... 142 *78 *64 4.0 1944...... 158 *80 *50 4.1 1943..... 165 *16 '~9 •8 the high point of costs with an index value 1944..... 153 X49 *19 1.5 of 283. During 1958 the index 1945..... dropped 167 *109 *65 5.6 to a value of 267, or to a 1946...... 182 *247 *133 14.7 level 5.7 percent below that of 1957. 1947...... 415 *443 '204 44.8 1948...... During 1959 the index dropped still 449 *307 *134 15.8 further, to a value of 260 or to a level 1949...... 201 *233 *117 14.0 2.6 percent below that 1950...... 402 *269 *149 13.5 of 1958. Since 1951...... the budget expenditures 448 *617 *247 31.8 by the Bridge 1954...... 435 *561 *437 48.9 Department were roughly $65.1 mil- 1953...... 449 *544 *227 46.9 lion and $44.3 million for the years 1954..... 1st (441 (691 (313 r 8.9 1958 and 1959, respectively, real sav- 1954..... 4d J417 J1,196 1551 )15.4 ings relative to the cost level of 1957 1954..... 3d *419420 *8701,002 *3991455 44.8114.9 1954..... 4th X413 were roughly $4 million and $3.7 mil- X590 ~P~~ ~ 7.6 ]ion for the corresponding years. 1955..... 1st (217 (1,039 (477 x13.3 (The 1959 figures do not include 1955..... 4d J437 J500 1411 1 6.4 1955..... 3d ~4481Q48 those for *93011,047 *408461 47.9113.4 the Webster Street Tube 1955..... 4th X237 X1,148 X484 X14.7 and the Benicia-Martinez Bridge. The 1956..... 1st corresponding totals for the two proj- (445 1956..... 4d 1484 J8083 J38~ 11.9 ects were $15,513,365 and $14,238,- 1956..... 3d *2651260 *1,'117160454 *4221415 57.51Q5:8 1956..... 485.) 4th X473 ~ ~ ~ The level of costs for successive 1957..... 1st (492 (680 434 (8.8 1957..... 2d periods is presented graphically in an J483 )4,007 709 )45.8 1957..... 3d *283475 *974460 *343 167 48.0 5.9 accompanying chart which summa- 1957..... 4th X481 X740 463 9.5 rizes the course of California bridge 1958..... 1st construction costs (459 (1,419 (471 15.1 since 1934. 1958..... 2d J468 11,841 1687 43.7 1958..... 3d *467468 *1,2871,468 *484548 65.1 18.9 1958..... ConsTruction Activity 4th X459 X548 X404 6.8 Due to the curtailment of funds for 1959..... 1st t~60 1959..... 2d J309 the Interstate Highway Program, the J396 7 128 J18.1 1959..... 3d *4601494 1464 *8601163 *331 .56 44.31 4.1 value of bridge work let to contract 1959..... 4th X253 X1,445 571 X18.6 during 1959 was less than that for any year since 195 3. The index 9verage annual index. of value, Adjusted index due to insufficient quarterly data. the measure of construction activity in terms of current dollars, dropped than the 1958 value of 1,287. Coinci- measure of construction activity in to a value of 860 or to percent 3 3 less dentally, the index of ~rolume, the terms of 1939-40 dollars, dropped to

March-April 1960 59

60 60

California California ~- lighways lighways Public Public and and Works

...Continued ...Continued

nn nn

page page

1935 1935

H36 H36 . . 1930 1930 53B 53B 1902 1902 939 939 543 543 59011991 193] 193] 1995 1995 1966 1966 5<8 5<8

969 969 N46194> 550 550

951 951 ~ ~ 1952 1952 9S6 9S6 1953 1953 195] 195] 1959 1959 1 1958 1958 1955 1955 g59 i i 1980

- - - higher higher but but economic economic writers writers in in gen-

The The cost cost of of producing producing - will will steel steel _ be -

years years ago.

~ ~ ~ _

~—

—~ —~

~ ~

~ ~ ~I ~I CONSTRUCTION

amounts amounts

were were than than anticipated anticipated

several i 1 ~ ~ TT VOLUME VOLUME

be be increased increased - although although by by

smaller

._ ._

__ __

T _ -I LOW LOW BIDS

Interstate Interstate

Highway Highway Program Program will will also VALUE OF

increased, increased,

the the and and outlays outlays for for the

i it it I TI _

dustrial dustrial construction construction are are likely likely -- to to

be i i

—, —,

~ federal federal j government; government; outlays outlays for for -- in- ~

tion tion flood flood and and

control control

projects projects

by by

the

%' ~I - ~ ~ ' - j = j - I

be be those those will will for for missile missile sites, sites, reclama-

able; able; prominent prominent

among among

such such outlays

- COSTS

'CONSTRUCTIONS.

~ i i I I ! i i ~,

struction struction v during during 1960 1960 are are

consider-

i i 'W ~

The The

prospects prospects

for for increased increased con- r ~

N I /

~I construction. >

W ~

~ ' ' ~V ~V

` `j I ~ J

reductions reductions in in other other sectors sectors

of of heavy

~~ ,:; ;

Program Program way way

as as as as well well to to sizeable

i y

— ' ' D

___I.

in in the the outlays outlays

the the for for Interstate Interstate High-

~. ~.

t t I

— ~

ascribed ascribed be be to to a a ~ significant significant ~ -- i curtailment ~f I '; ;11

depression depression of of construction construction costs costs may

~ ~i~

of of general general

recession. recession.

The The

persistent '. '.

' ' I 4

{ { I

Y Y ~Yf

continuing continuing at at the the close close of of the the period

costs costs continued continued

into into 1958 1958

and and ''

was

ii ii ~.

~I ~I ~I ~I 1` y~1 y~1 ~'

The The general general decline decline of of

construction

i ,, -- j

veloping veloping of of period period general general recession.

~ CALENDAR CALENDAR 1939 1939 YEARS YEARS 1940 1940 = = 100 100 d d ~~ ' ' ' ' ~ ' ' ~~,

1957 1957 conjunction conjunction in in with with the the then then de-

VALUE VALUE f f OF OF LOW LOW BIDS BIDS

AND AND CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

VOLUME

i_ i; i; ~ ~ y y ~

decline decline during during the the second second quarter quarter of

CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA CONSTRUC710N CONSTRUC710N BRIDGE BRIDGE COSTS

Bridge Bridge construction construction costs costs began began to

INDEXES INDEXES OF

Summary

i ~

i - __

—

1 1

j j '~ i accessibility accessibility to to formerly formerly remote remote areas.

the the together together with with state state much much improved

the the increasing increasing to to industrialization industrialization

uary uary 1960 1960 is is

on on

a a level level

that that with with

$0.123 $0.123 of average average

of of

pound pound 1957 per per in in differentials differentials cost cost of of is is apparently apparently

due

on on projects projects to to

let let

contract contract during during Jan- Bar Bar

reinforcing reinforcing steel steel

which which cost cost an tendency tendency to to This This narrow narrow the the pattern

drawing drawing 10 10 or or

more more

1957 1957 bidders. bidders. Bidding

prices. would would have have been been entirely entirely unlikely.

39, 39,

35 35

percent percent or or

projects, projects,

of of the the each

a a pound, pound, reduction reduction of of 20 20 percent percent from where where so so not not long long such such ago ago a a price

to to contract contract

1959 1959

during during

was was 1958, 1958, 8.8 8.8 with and and $0.163 $0.163 now now averages averages per Creek Creek Bridge, Bridge, northwest northwest of of Redding,

bidders bidders each each 115 115 for for of of 1957, 1957, projects projects dropped dropped let $0.164 $0.164 to to per per pound pound in remote remote some some the the such such area area as as Whiskey

this this

period; period; the the

average average number number of an an $0.205 $0.205 average average of of pound pound per per in cement cement concrete concrete for for a a project project in

work work was was especially especially evident evident Structural Structural during steel steel (plate (plate girder) girder) cost of of yard yard cubic cubic per per Class Class A A Portland

1959. 1959. Competition Competition average average involving involving price price 1957. bridge of of aprice aprice ceive ceive quotation quotation of of about about $55

competition competition prevailed prevailed which which during 10 10 level level percent percent below below that that of of the not not too too is is uncommon uncommon it it today today to to re-

is is a a clear clear indication indication strength strength of of the the of price price per per of of cubic cubic $52 $52 yard yard to to or or a different different sectors sectors the the of of the the Thus State. State.

stable stable either either were were or or drifting drifting 1959 1959 upward ing ing declined declined to to again, again, an an average tendency tendency toward toward less less variation variation among

sectors sectors other other $55 $55 of of economy economy the the per per were 1958, 1958, cubic cubic in in yard yard dur- and and there there is is that that seems seems to to be be a a growing

to to fall fall a a during during when when period period costs costs 1957, 1957, per per yard yard cubic cubic in in in dropped dropped nection nection with with to the the of of pattern pattern unit unit prices

tendency tendency The The construction construction of of (structures) (structures) costs average average an an cost cost interesting interesting $58 development development An An of of in in con-

Class Class A A portland portland cement cement costs. tion tion concrete

Bidder Bidder Activity

scribed scribed as as $1,000,000 $1,000,000 follows: about about in in annual annual construc-

1954. periods periods since since developed developed have have trends trends per per $0.01 $0.01 represents represents pound pound are are which which de- a a saving saving of

the the where where values values given given are are for for all the the significant significant of of view view construction construction reduction reduction fact fact a a bridge bridge that that items of

volume volume in in accompanying accompanying the the charts level level this this 1957. 1957. is is impressive, impressive, The The three three of of especially especially co~~ co~~ the the of of most in

designated designated are are as as indexes indexes value value of of and The The pound. pound. per per reduction reduction further further of of declined declined from from cost cost the the to levels high high

construction construction The The activity activity indexes has has reduced reduced steel steel been been to to about about Unit Unit $0.10 prices prices various various bridge bridge for for items

1958. pended pended during during

projects projects the the price price reinforcing of of bar bar

Average Average Prices

Unif Unif

$20,000,000 $20,000,000 than than less less the the amount amount ex- 1957 1957 significant significant In In prices. prices. a a number number of

current current dollars, dollars, is is carried carried amounted amounted being being to to 1960. into into about reduction reduction of of 9 9 about about percent percent from

of of The The reduction, reduction, 482. 482. generated generated was was which which the the in in terms terms in in year of past past $0.113 $0.113 1959, 1959, of of erage erage per per in in pound pound a

a a of of value value 331 331 the the 1959, 1959, from from 1958 1958 indicating indicating that that value competition the the $0.124 $0.124 and and in in dropped dropped to to 1958, 1958, an an av- a~ f ' ~[+ Age-old Transportation Methods Ca U J Prove Most Practical on Fence Job

By M. T. TRESIDDER, Resident Engineer

TxF construction of freeway fence roads, were begun, property fencing in advance of construction of any pio- (Type BW) on State Sign Route 190 on the south side of the right-of-way neer and haul road construction. (Contract 59-6VC19, Terminus Dam for the full length of the project was Relacation) is now nearly complete. to be constructed; provided, however, Use Metal Posts Due to the steep and rocky terrain in that when any one parcel of property Components for the construction of this portion of eastern Tulare County, had thus been fenced, actual grading the fence consisted of galvanized metal it has proved to be a very difficult operations within the limits of the line- posts 7 feet in length weighing job. cross fences could proceed. To com- approximately 22 pounds each and The special provisions required ply with this provision and in order 8-foot tubular steel pipe posts weigh- that before any operation involving to maintain a continuous operation on ing approximately 25 pounds each actual roadway excavation, except the fence work it was necessary to were required for end and corner construction of pioneer and haul construct the fence at various locations posts. In addition to concreting the

~~:~ `'~.~ "' .

The photos above were taken on the job to show some of the operations and fhe conditions under which they were performed. Supplies and equipment had to be broughf up to the work site on mules.

March-April 1960 5 ~

62 62 Highways Highways Public Public California California and and Works

Sacramento. Inc., Inc., Products Products of of of of value value under under construction. were were $344,847,700 $344,847,700 way.

fence for for required required were were that that items items Post Anchor Anchor Anchor Anchor Div., Div., On On Fence Fence contracts contracts total a a with with 1, 1, March March 202 202

minor other other mangy mangy and and wire, wire, barbed barbed to being being is is subcontract subcontract a a done done were were of of under under value value completed. $2,558,700 $2,558,700

of rolls rolls

cans, cans,

gallon gallon -

five

in in water water

fence fence the the work 25 25 on on tor tor a the the with with and and the the project project contracts contracts same same period period

mixing including including concrete, concrete, the the for for

contrac- Reno, Reno, prime prime the the During is is with with

Nevada, Nevada, $21,586,800. $21,586,800. of of a a

value value

ingredients the the all all transport transport to to used used

17 17 of

Isbell Isbell Company Company contracts awarded awarded and and Construction Construction $65,792,100, $65,792,100,

were and and packsaddles packsaddles

the the to to

attached attached

of value value estimated estimated an an with with projects projects

months. were (kyacks) (kyacks) packs packs side side Canvas Canvas

57 57 on on bids bids highway for for advertised advertised

of of -half one period period a a and and three three about about

tility.

the the February February department

During During

over two two and and utilized utilized were were packmules packmules

hos- of of signs signs outward outward any any without without

saddle saddle CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION the the VOLUME horse On On one one average average

work their their accepted accepted they they gradually gradually

but posts posts while while days days transporting transporting few few

first the the

in in animals animals his his with with difficulty difficulty artifacts artifacts located. had had they they with with Mono Mono ~~hich ~~hich Western Western and and bur- Yokuts Yokuts

some

experienced experienced

packer packer The The

pounds. pounds.

the the traditional in in position position -up -up doubled the of of the the in in Werlhof Werlhof preservation preservation

175

about about

or or

posts posts eight eight to to carry carry

of of several several children, burials, burials, including including

von with with

operated operated

co- Highways, Highways,

able

was was

horse horse or or mule mule Each Each them. them. to to

20 some some were were there there that that said said He He

of the the for for Division Division engineer engineer resident resident

tied

were were

posts posts

and and

the the

saddles saddles

pack pack the the of of area. days days two two study study a a making making

Tressider, T. T. M. M. and and tion tion Company Company

the

to to

affixed affixed were were outriggers outriggers posts posts

Indians Indians spent and and of of those those were were ials ials

Isbell Isbell the the

Construc-

of of

Employees Employees

carrying

of of purpose purpose the the For For ingly. ingly. the the that that bur- confirmed confirmed He He workers. workers.

was was some some lost. material material and and

accord-

gained gained

construction construction fence fence of of by by scene scene to to project summoned summoned the the

production

the the site the the to to visits visits his his and and between between satisfactory satisfactory seekers seekers very very was survey, survey, archaeological archaeological California California

was

method method

This This areas. areas. work work the the to to by by curiosity disturbed disturbed ~~ere ~~ere burials burials University University of archaeologist archaeologist the the for for

materials

the the transport transport to to hired hired was was the of of several several although although collection collection Sequoias Sequoias the the of of and College College instructor instructor

mules

and and

horses horses with with apacker apacker hicle hicle Werlhof, von von COS the the and and for for found found Werlhof Werlhof were were by by Jay Jay vaged vaged von von

ve- a a to to

accessible accessible were were that that locations locations

skeletons skeletons where where artifacts and and area area sal- was was material material the the of of old. old. Much Much

from farther farther getting getting were were areas areas work work

suspended suspended the in in Operations Operations were were

years of of be be

hundreds hundreds could could

burials burials

the the

the that that evident evident became became it it When When

that said said Werlhof Werlhof Von Von items. items. other other pit. borrow borrow a a from from materials materials removing removing

Hired and middle middle the the Are Are through through Mules Mules drilled drilled shell shell site site while ground ground burial burial and and dwelling dwelling

a a abalone of of disk disk chips, chips, obsidian obsidian ball, ball, Indian workers workers extensive extensive an an found found

fence fence e e line. tk tk to to terial terial base- a a than than smaller smaller little little a a stone stone game game rerouting rerouting when Reservoir Reservoir highway highway

this this

ma- carry carry to to job job breaking breaking a a - back round a a pestles, pestles, mortar, mortar, stone stone able able the the on on hands hands joined joined Terminus ology ology

was

to to it it least least the the say say and and degrees, degrees,

„ -_ -_ aport included included found found Artifacts Artifacts ials. ials. archae- and and construction construction Highway Highway

100 of of excess excess often often

in in was was

perature perature

Site

Indian Indian

Finds Finds

Crew Crew

{ding {ding Bui Road Road

tem- the the when when of of middle middle summer summer the the

in undertaken undertaken being being was was .~vorlc .~vorlc This This

costly. and and slow slow very very be be to to proved proved

functions. Information Information

Public Public and and Personnel Personnel

of of Director Director is is and and 1931 1931

since since

Highways Highways

of of Division Division

method this this

and and time time a a

at at posts posts

the with with been been has has Lathrop Lathrop 7959. 7959. during during

Churches" Churches"

Sacramento Sacramento of of

Council Council

the the as as of of President President munity munity

two

only only

able able was was

carry carry to to man man

Each Each com- his his of of enrichment enrichment the the in in talent talent and and fime fime of of "gift "gift Lathrop's Lathrop's for for was was dinner, dinner, awards awards annual annual the the ai ai

made was was which which

presentation, presentation, The The Governors.) Governors.) of of Board Board college's college's the the of of a a (Lathrop (Lathrop member member is is County. County. point. that that from from manually manually transported transported

Orange in in College College Chapman Chapman of of president president Davis, Davis, John John from from Sacramento Sacramento of of Council Council

Engineering Engineering the the

of of

were

then then and and vehicle vehicle

-drive -drive

wheeled

Award Year Year the the of of Engineer Engineer fhe fhe receives receives Highways, Highways, of of :Division :Division for for Engineer Engineer Lathrop, Lathrop, Principal Principal H. H.

Scoft Scoft

four- of of means means by by a a possible possible as as

area work work the the to to close close as as taken taken were were

materials operations operations of of month month first first the the

During area. area. the the to to up up work work materials materials

construction getting getting of of the the matter matter the the

was fence fence the the of of construction construction the the ing ing

dur- arose arose that that problem problem major major The The

be be situated.

could compressor compressor a a where where points points tage tage

van- the the access access from from line line fence fence to to gain gain

to required required hose hose air air of of was was feet feet 500 500

of of and drills drills pneumatic pneumatic use use the the tated tated

This This necessi- requirement requirement areas. areas. many many

than than rather rather in exception exception the the rule rule the the

be to to proved proved latter latter The The therein. therein. creted creted

and and con- holes holes drilled drilled in in placed placed to to be be

the the were encountered encountered

posts posts line line was was

RECEIVES RECEIVES

AWARD

YEAR' YEAR' OF OF

`ENGINEER `ENGINEER LATHROP LATHROP rock when when that that required required provisions provisions

the the posts posts pull pull and and corner corner special end, end, Bridge Engineer OREGON TRAIL solve of Trinity and Siskiyou Counties Continued from page 46 ... to expend every effort toward con- J• W. Green Retires route both for recreational and com- tinuing the work on this road until John W, Green, Supervising Bridge mercial purposes is becoming more the entire route is constructed to mod- Engineer, Division of Highways, re- evident every day, and it is the re- ern standards. tired on March 1 after 30 years of service with the State. A dinner was given in his honor on March 2 at the Roger Young Au- ditorium in Los Angeles. Green was born near Jefferson City, Tennessee, on JOHN W. GREEN July 13, 1892. He moved to Crawfordsville, Oregon, where he received his early education. He completed his engineering train- ing at Oregon State College, receiving his bachelor of science degree in civil engineering in 1916. After Graduation lie worked in steam and hydroelectric powerplant design for the Fargo Engineering Com- pariv of Jackson., I~Zichigan, design and constrticti~n of -mine buildings as plant engineer for the New Cornelia Copper Company at Ajo, Arizona, as engineer with the Pennsylvania Railroad in Pittsburgh, highway engineer with the lblichigan Highway Department, and with the U.S. Geological Survey in the Rocky Mountain area of 1~~Iontana. After returning from service with the Army in World ti~Var I, he worked as assistant bridge engineer for the State of Washington. In 1927 he joined the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads as associate highway bridge engineer in their district and regional offices in San Francisco. He began his career ~~ith the Divi- This view of FAS 1089 south of Carrville in Trinity County is typical of the unimproved sections of the sion of Highways in 1930 when he road which are being replaced by modern two-lane highway. was employed by the State Bridge De- partment on preliminary studies, in- proaches for the bridge. This included major bridges in Southern California. vestigations and reports nn the San the design of the record-depth caissons These include the San Diego-Coronado Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Ma- used in the construction of the piers. Crossing and the San Pedro-Terminal terial developed in connection with In 1939, following the completion Island project which is now in final these studies was incorporated in the of the Bay Bridge, he was placed in design stage. report of the Hoover-Young San Fran- charge of all Bridge Department work Green is a registered civil and struc- in t11e cisco Bav Bridge Commission. southern area of the State. tural engineer in California and a Fel- For the past several years, as a rep- low of the American Society of Civil When work on the Bay Bridge en- resentative of Headquarters office of Engineers. He was married to A~Ieryle tered the design stage, Green was the Bridge Department, green has Nelson Green, who died in 1959. placed in active charge of the design, worked exclusively nn studies and re- Green lives in Glendora. His retire- preparation of plans, and specifications ports requested by the State Legisla- ment plans include golf, photography, for all of the substructure and ap- ture in connection with proposed and extensive travel.

March-April 19c50 63 CONFERENCE highway to look at the side street OLYMPIC TRAFFIC Continued from page 10 ... signal with the knowledge that when Continued from page 38 ... it went yellow he should be ready to program as an outstanding example of ideal. The temperature was slightly start...." federal-state co-operation." above freezing and the sky a brilliant New developments, Matthews ex- Speaking of state-county relatian- blue. Some 54,000 people visited the ships in road programs in California, plained, now ofFer three ways to phase valley that day, arriving in 10,000 cars Bradford said these "are acknowl- this same left-turn signal. First, be- and 310 buses. The only problem was edged nationally as wonderful. A Chi- cause many intersections handle an un- that of traffic jams because the cars cago magazine featuring county road even amount of traffic in different just could not be admitted into the problems considered it nationally directions at different times of the day, valley rapidly enough. This was not newsworthy last year that a Cali- the original left-turn signal was re- serious, as the jams were cleared in an fornia county had named a new fined to allow through traffic to con- hour or two, and everyone who F.A.S. road after an engineer working tinue in one direction if no vehicles wanted to enter the valley did so with for the State Division of Highways." were waiting to turn left. only slight delay. (This was Aramayo Way in Tehama This device speeded up traffic flow, Although the operation was defi- County named by the county after but failed in its purpose if even one nitely blessed with good luck, its suc- Luis Aramayo, Assistant District En- car entered the low volume left-turn cess was by no means attributable just gineer of District II.) lane. A new refinement now shortens to luck. Almost every day of the During the special group sessions on the cycle in either of the left-turn games, traffic equivalent to that of a Thursday afternoon and on Friday, lanes when traffic demand is light. rush hour cycle in a major city was several Division of Highways engi- and efficiently de- Aluminum Alloys Developed handled smoothly neers delivered papers. spite very difficult terrain and driving Maintenance Engineer Frank E. Supervising Bridge Engineer W. C. conditions. The many, many hours of Baxter gave a paper on "Road Surface Kiedaisch gave a paper on "Recent meticulous planning paid off in a Maintenance" in which he pointed Developments in Small Bridge De- well-nigh perfect action, and certainly out the average motorist is probably sign." In conclusion, he said, "The everyone' connected with it added more concerned with the condition future in bridge design appears as considerably to his experience as well. of the traveled way surface than with promising as the past. Designs with any other visible part of the road, and aluminum alloys have been developed then discussed how the Division of on an experimental basis. The use of James Lick Freeway Highways maintains the various sur- high stress large-size reinforcing steel faces. In this connection, he said that bars together with stronger concretes Extension Adopted the California State Highway System is probable in the immediate future. The California Highway Commis- includes "approximately 1,700 miles Concrete waffle and steel battle decks sion has adopted a routing for approx- of Portland cement concrete. pave- are being studied by the designers and, imately one mile of the Southern ment, 10,500 miles of bituminous sur- together with glued timber stringers Freeway Extension (State Highway face, 1,700 miles of oiled gravel, and (treated and fireproofed), have their Route 253) in San Francisco between even, believe it or not, approximately economical applications. the James Lick Memorial Freeway 100 miles of unimproved, primitive, "Economy is the primary justifica- (Bayshore Freeway) near Alemany earth roads." tion for new design developments but Boulevard and Evans Avenue. Assistant State Traffic Engineer it is surprising how often economy The adopted route follows a routing R. J. Israel spoke of speed zoning in and attractive appearance go together. which had been adopted by the City relation to the 1959 law. Because of Fancy railings and exotic portals that and County of San Francisco before the new speed limit, he said, it has used to be the fashion with the bridge Route 253 was added to the State been necessary to establish 267 new designers added nothing to the appear- Highway System by the Legislature restricted-speed zones extending over ance of the structure, but a lot to its in 1959. The San Francisco Board of 360 miles of highway. cost. Improvements in bridge design, Supervisors, by resolution dated De- New Signal Patterns details, and materials will continue to cember 10, 1956, adopted the routing Assistant Traffic Engineer R. W. be necessary if structure costs are to as a freeway. The commission an- Matthews discussed some of the new be kept down in a time of rising nounced in February that it was con- developments in multiphase traffic prices." sidering the adoption of a freeway signal systems, and explained how More than 500 engineers from Cali- routing and the San Francisco Board they can be best used. "For many fornia and nearby states attended of Supervisors was asked if it wished years," Matthews cited as an example, the conference, which was under the the commission to hold a public hear- "we believed there was only one way sponsorship of the Institute of Trans- ing on the matter' before taking to phase a signal with cleft-turn lane portation and Traffic Engineering, further action to adopt a routing. and that is, Phase A for through traf- University of California. This annual fic, Phase B for left-turn traffic, and conference was set up to provide a techniques and other developments Phase C for cross-street traffic. This means whereby California road men and by discussion of their current enabled the through motorist on the might benefit by briefings on new problems.

64 California Highways and Public Works Division Announces Transport Minister Recent Retirements Visits District VII IN MEMORIAM Headquarters Office Greater London is a teeming rne- tropolis George A. Karsten, Highway Equip- of 10 million Englishmen, 94 District II ment Operator-Laborer, percent of whom use public transpor- 33 Joseph Becker, Highway Foreman. George W. Sloan, Highway Equip- tation and the remaining 6 percent ment Operator-Laborer, 28 automobiles. District Itl Clarence T. Todd, Assistant Highway This constitutes a serious Earl L. Wortell, Assistant Highway Engineer, traffic 27 problem, according to Ernest Mar- Engineer. District ples, British Minister of Transport, II District VIII Frank V. Day, Highway Leadingman, John L. Gardner, Highway Engi- 31 neering Technician. District III 1bTary R. Clifford, Intermediate Ste- nographer-clerk. Joseph C. Havey, Highway Leading- man, 30 Matthew E. Ryan, Assistant Highway tion Engineer, in the City of Los Angeles and 32 California. District IV In comparing London's transporta- William Kane, Assistant Highway En- tion problems with those of Los An- gineer, geles, 30 the Minister stressed the lack of space in his own city and District V the attendant difficulties of improving existing Russell A. Adams, Highway Equip- traffic facilities and constructing new ment Operator-Laborer, 25 ones. Harold J. Wilkinson, Associate High- Telford outlined the state freeway way Engineer, 31 system in greater Los Angeles and explained District VI results achieved and aimed Assistant Sfate Highway Engineer E. T. Telford for in the future Emil (left) discusses to cope with increas- Hokanson, Associate Highway the Los Angeles Metropolitan Free- ing traffic way System with Ernest Marp/es, and population. He said Engineer, 22 British Minister that of Transport. present freeway planning was based District VII on predicated needs over a William 20-year period, and that planners V. Brady, Associate Highway who visited Los Angeles early Engineer, this were developing broad frameworks 23 year to study local freeway and with Rex traffic an eye to providing "room for C. Farmer, Highway Foreman, conditions. maneuvering" 28 for future planners. He In an interview declared William with Edward T. that the planning program W. Hollis, Highway Lead- Telford, Assistant was a ingman, State Highway En- dynamic thing geared to prog- 22 gineer in charge of ress and expansion. Leo A. Penney, District VII, and Highway Leading- members of his staff, Minister man, 3 3 Marples ex- Marples questioned the pressed amazement at the great utility of a freeway Ralph E. Schott, Assistant Highway changes system within that have taken place in pop- London because of crowded Engineer, 26 ulation, economic condi- and industrial ex- tions, but was urged by Telford pansion, and motor not District VIII vehicle registra- to discount this avenue of development. "We Gilbert E. Malkson, Senior Highway should strive for solutions Engineer, today, keeping in mind 31 District XI that a perfect transportation system is Raymond new to m- District IX L. Potts, Laborer, 25 possible to achieve. We William can at least Dorothy J. Bright, Assistant T. Rhodes, Associate High- provide liveable solutions," Highway way Telford Engineer, 15 Engineer, 38 said. The Minister's party included District X Headquarters Shop john Harold Garlick, secretary; H. Gamble, British Elbert B. Clary, H. Hamlin, Automobile Drawbridge Opera- Me- consul general; and Sam Taylor, gen- tor, 7 chanic, 28 eral manager, Los Angeles City Tra- John L. Oneto, fic Highway Leadingman, Shop 11 Department. Also present at the 28 interview Horace S. Berry, from the District VII stafF Donald T. Wade, Automobile Me- were Laborer, 26 chanic, 31 District Engineers A. L. Himel- hoch and Lyman R. Gillis. March-April 1960 65

66 66

California California Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

o"m o"m fallibility fallibility as as >e >e attempt attempt u to to fore-

Public Public

Worley.

miles miles

an an

hour hour slower.

in in

planning planning

is is

recognition recognition a a

of of our

awarded awarded

by by the the

State State Department Department of

average average speeds speeds

were were from from three three to to five

"One "One

of of

beginnings beginnings the the

of of wisdom

Crockett Crockett

under under

a a landscaping landscaping contract Barstow. Barstow. After After signs signs the the

were were posted,

said:

nine nine

miles miles of of

US US 40 40 Pablo Pablo in in San San and and and -466 -466 on on US US

91 northeast northeast

As As

a a general general

comment, comment,

Pomeroy owned owned

nurseries, nurseries,

will will planted planted be be along ville, ville, on on 66 66 US US southeast southeast Barstow, of of

lvptus lvptus

lated. seedlings, seedlings,

all all grown grown in in state- cations cations US US on on -66 -66 91 north north of of Victor-

plans plans More More

could could than than most most

150,000 150,000 effectively effectively

pine pine and and be be euca- re- The The speed speed checks checks were were made made at at lo-

sive sive area area plans plans to to

STATE STATE

which which

FURNISHES FURNISHES highway TREES speed speed

check check has has

indicated.

would would provide provide a a basis basis for for

comprehen-

country, country,

a a

Division Division

of of Highways

regional regional basis basis is is needed. needed.

He He

said said

speed speed limit limit

signs signs highways highways on on

in in

open

nut -of

-state -state

speakers.

city city and and intercounty intercounty planning planning

on on

lation lation of of the the

new new

65 -mile -mile

maximum

tiVashington, tiVashington,

D.C., D.C.,

`gas `gas one one

of of tion tion the

in in which which suggested suggested he he that that

inter-

at at

least least temporarily, temporarily,

following following

instal-

director director

of of

the the Urban Urban

Land Land

Institute,

Los Los

Angeles Angeles planner, planner, gave gave a a

summa-

t'~~Iotorists t'~~Iotorists

are are

reducing reducing

their their

speeds,

Geddes. Geddes. R. R.

Max Max S. S. Wehrly, Wehrly, executive and and a a former former California California

legislator legislator

and

Speed Speed

Signs Signs

Posted

Commerce, Commerce,

and and

Assemblyman Assemblyman Ernest Planning, Planning, White White Plains, Plains, New New York,

Committee Committee

on on Transportation Transportation and Westchester Westchester

County County Department Department of

Traffic Traffic

Slows Slows After

chairman chairman

of of

the the

Assembly Assembly Interim Hugh Hugh R. R. Pomeroy, Pomeroy, director director of of the

Assemblyman Assemblyman Lee Lee M. M.

Backstrand,

City - County County

Planning

ate ate Committee Committee on on Transportation,

San San Francisco Francisco

Bay Bay

area.

dolph dolph Collier, Collier, chairman chairman ment ment of of the the Sen- pattern."

by by Standard Standard the the

Oil Oil Company Company

in in Thev Thev the

included included

State State Senator Senator .greatly .greatly Ran- influence influence

the the

future future

develop-

J., J., and and

one one

son, son, Jack, Jack, who who

employed is is

bers bers

took took

part part iri iri the the design design conference. of of a a freeway freeway

will will

in in

turn

Reese Reese

survived survived is is

his his by by wife, wife,

Ruth

Nineteen Nineteen

speakers speakers and and panel panel quirements, quirements, mem- while while the the location location and

direction direction War War will will I.

be be only only temporary." termine termine future future communications communications re-

must must

inevitably inevitably He He was was

go. go. an an veteran veteran Army Army Any Any of of recognized recognized error error World in in that that that land land decisions decisions use use de-

words, words,

in in

the the

direction direction in in tertwined, tertwined, which which we and and from from nia nia it it Oregon Oregon is is more more in in 1930. and and more

on on

the the

side side

of of

amplitude use. use. —in —in other Their Their responsibilities responsibilities of of Illinois Illinois in in 1920. 1920. are are also also came came He He in- to to Califor-

err —and —and

err err

we we

shall —v~~e —v~~e should should vironment: vironment: do do it communication communication B.S.C.E. B.S.C.E. degree degree and and land from from the the University

enough enough

sense sense to to

realize realize

that that with with if if we we must interrelated interrelated aspects aspects Cleveland, Cleveland, of of and and was was the the graduated graduated en- with with a

edness, edness,

we we

should should

somehow somehow

—is —is

a a have fine fine and and hopeful hopeful sign. sign. akewood, akewood, 1 1 They They Ohio, Ohio, deal high high and and school school

record record

of of inadequacy inadequacy

and and

ness'—

shortsight- exemplified exemplified in in this this 1894. 1894. in in conference He He attended attended grade grade school school

the the In In

face face

of of

an an almost almost

ban ban universal planners, planners, and and their their ne~~ ne~~ Reese Reese `together- was was born born Cleveland, Cleveland, in in

Ohio,

too too

much much automobile automobile

parking parking the the space? transportation transportation

experts experts

and and the the ur-

struction struction of of dams dams

powerhouses. and and

built built

too too

many many

playgrounds, playgrounds, sions sions provided have have a a

more more significant significant

role role than

consulting consulting

practice practice

design design in in

and and con-

fares, fares, acquired acquired

too too

much much park park "In "In land, shaping shaping the the

future, future,

no no profes-

tav tav

Lindenthal; Lindenthal;

1928 1928 and and in in went went into

much much right

-of

-way -way for for

our our thorough- ference:

neer neer

bridge bridge

consultant consultant

with with Dr. Dr.

Gus-

uation, uation,

have have

we we ever ever

provided provided University University too of of California, California,

told told

the the

con-

vas vas he he

design design

construction construction

and and

engi-

"Except "Except

some some for for isolated isolated

freak freak inent inent of of sit- City City and and Regional Regional

Planning,

State State Highway Highway Department; Department;

in in

1923

shortsightedness shortsightedness

into into

what what

we we

do. Catherine Catherine Bauer Bauer Wurster, Wurster,

Depart-

struction struction engineer engineer with with

the the Oregon

It It is is too too easy easy

to to

build build

calculated other."

in in April April 1919 1919 employed employed

was was con- as as

take take to to over over

so so not not

far far

land land beyond beyond

that. use use plan plan can can complement complement each

Prior Prior

to to entering entering

state state service, service,

Reese

tion tion them them not not

very very

far far out out and and dination, dination, then the the highway highway

system system

and and the

Oakland Oakland

Bay Bay Bridge.

ing ing unless unless

judgment judgment

begins begins to to to to condi- urban urban renewal. renewal. With With

proper proper co

-or-

construction construction the the

San San Francisco- the the

of of

future future

that that

they they are are seriously seriously mislead- "It "It can can also also be be a a powerful powerful stimulus

gineer, gineer,

design design and and construction, construction, more more

than than on

short short a a distance distance tion tion into into of of the other other dissimilar dissimilar land land uses.

was was employed employed he he

as as to to senior senior bridge bridge

so so en- many many

variables variables when when sections, sections, they they get or or to to effect effect desirable desirable separa-

State State from from dated dated "Statistical "Statistical

October October 1931, 1931, when

projections projections are are residential residential subject sections sections from from industrial

October October .1947. .1947.

to to

enough. His His service service

with with

the one one hand, hand, and and on on the the other, other, to to divide

calculating calculating with with District District

VII VII from from

machine, machine, March March

1940 it it will will not not preserve preserve be homogeneous homogeneous areas areas on on the

can can

be be October October 1947. 1947. obtained obtained

was was traffic traffic He He from from

engineer a a slide slide land land rule rule or or a use use arrangements. arrangements. It It can can help help to

future, future,

it it is is

certain certain Los Los Angeles, Angeles, which which that that had had held held he he if if since the the many many answer situations, situations, help help mold mold desirable

needed needed be be

for for

public public neer neer

Highways Highways Division Division of of purposes purposes the the of of in in in indispensable indispensable the traffic traffic service; service; it it can, can, in

provided provided for for

or or

how how the the position position much much assistant assistant land land ~~ay ~~ay district district of of engi- will program program will will not not only only provide

how how

amply amply a a thoroughfare thoroughfare

should should Reese Reese and and retired retired 1955 1955 in in safer, safer, be January January from freer freer movement. movement. The The high-

"When "When

it it

conies conies

to to determining scale scale in in the the interests interests of of better better 14 14 March March after after living a a short short illness.

the the

future.

urban urban environment environment on on a a substantial the the Division Division of of Highways, Highways,

of of

died

given given

time, time, we we

think think

we we may may

need need opportunity opportunity in to to revamp revamp much much of of our Neilson Neilson

W. W. engineer retired retired Reese, Reese,

considerably considerably

beyond beyond

what, what, at at plated plated any in in this this State State provides provides a a unique

adequately adequately means means

simply simply planning

Continued Continued NEILSON NEILSON from from page page

.. .. . 2 2

W. W.

REESE

needs. needs. I I

am am convinced convinced that that planning

STATE STATE GROWTH

cast cast the the future future and and to to predict predict future WEBSTER S~. TUBE Continued from page )2

Arrows indicate movemettt of air typical of "Trans- verse" venfilafion system.

noise level. There is a three-foot walk- ~~vay on the west side for pedestrians and tube personnel. The tunnel is 3,350 feet long from portal to portal. The entire area below the roadway Longitudinal cross section of portal building slab is used for fresh air supply and showing arrangement of fresh air intakes and exhaust stacks. the area above the ceiling is used to exhaust air. Air is fed from the supply device that adds the vehicles entering of duct through flues spaced at nine-foot telephone instruments as the needs the tunnel and subtracts those leav- of the centers along both sides of the roadwork dictate with the contrac- ing. In this way the amount of air tor's own way and near the roadway level. Air forces. As the ~~ork nears supplied will depend upon the num- completion is exhausted through ports in the ceil- the system will be installed ber of vehicles actually in the tunnel. in ing spaced at approximately -foot permanent form for use by the 14 A~Iodern carbon monoxide recorders centers. This method of ventilation operating and maintenance forces. is will keep a continuous record of car- known as the "transverse" Several temporary bridges must be system bon monoxide content and since there is a minimum ensure built to permit construction longitudinal that reasonable levels of the movement of air are maintained tube. A S.P. Co. spur in the traveled por- at all times. track in Ala- tion of the tunnel. With this system, meda will be carried across the Separate smoke and fumes from possible vehi- high-voltage electrical serv- dredged area on a temporary trestle. ices will cle fires are localized. There are four be installed in each portal This trestle will have a removable building blower fans and four exhaust fans in to supply dower for all oper- span to permit -the precast segments ating needs. each portal building capable of han- There will be a tie cable to be floated past it into position. On between the dling nearly a million cubic feet of buildings and all power the Oakland side, three S.P. Co. air each minute. will normally be taken from one tracks at First Street, one W.P.R.R. source. In case of failure of that track at Third Street, a 105-inch in- Has Two Sections source, the load will be automatically terceptor sewer and a 48-inch sewer transferred A transverse wall in both the fresh to the other source for must be carried across the trench in such air duct and exhaust air duct divides length of time as may be neces- ~~hich the cast-in-place portion of the sary. the tunnel into two sections for yen- tunnel will be built. Since this trench tilating purposes. These walls are Protective Sysfem Installed varies in depth from about 70 feet to placed nearer the Alameda end from The tunnel has a complete and up- 45 feet, the construction problem can the center of the tunnel. This makes to-date police and. fire «yarning and be readily appreciated. it possible to supply more air in the protecrive system. Upon completion of the Webster upgrade portion of the tunnel `vhere Consideration was given to the Street Tube it is planned to close the more ~=chicle com- exhaust gases are gener- munication problem during Posey Tube temporarily modern- ated. construc- and tion and a private automatic telephone ize its interior to match the new tube. The amount of air supplied to the system is included in the contract. When completed both tunnel can be controlled manually tunnels will or This ~~ill make it possible to make ad- be among the automatically by a vehicle most modern in the counting justments in the number and placing world. March-Aar~l 1960 67

68 68

California California

Highways Highways and and Public Public Works

Shafter Shafter

Freeway Freeway

crosses crosses the the proposed

populated populated section, section, there there is is a a large large de-

El El

Cajon.

erly erly

end end

where where

the the

proposed proposed

Grove-

the the downtown downtown

area area and and in in

a a heavily

San San

Diego Diego

and and

Third Third

Street Street

in in East

occurs occurs at at

two two

locations: locations: near near

the the west-

ity. ity. Because Because

this this interchange interchange

is is near

full full

freeway freeway

between between

Taylor Taylor

Street Street

in been been where where

other other freeways freeways cross. cross. This

movements movements

from from

streets streets

in in vicin- the the

will will

provide provide 17 17

miles miles

of of design design

continuous problems problems

encountered encountered have freeways freeways and and

also also for for

local many many

with with

other other The The current current

most most

or complicated complicated budgeted budgeted and and difficult jobs, all all possible possible movements movements between between

the

San San Diego Diego

median median

on on County. County. the the portion portion This This now now project, project, budgeted. freeway freeway along movements. movements. provides provides It It for

type type

cable cable freeway freeway chain chain link link barrier barrier job job on on in in minimum minimum US US the 80 80 radius radius in in El El 600 600 of of Cajon, feet feet for for all

sections. sections.

It It is is planned planned

to to use use the the Division Division Grove new- of of - Shatter Shatter Highways Highways Freeway Freeway provides provides a a a $ $ is is 3,650,000

on on

structures structures as as

well well

as as

on on

graded begun. begun.

The The Among Among interchange interchange with with recent recent the

call call

for for bids bids by by

the

median. median.

Shoulders Shoulders will will be be provided

and and the the one one with with

Route Route 228 228 has has

just

FREEWAYS FREEWAYS

IN IN

SAN SAN DIEGO

ders ders on on the the inside inside within within a a 22 -foot Grove - Shatter Shatter has has been been completed,

ders ders on on

the the outside outside with with 8 -foot -foot shoul- The The design design of of interchange interchange the the with

The The freeway freeway

will will have have 10 -foot -foot shoul- sects sects Route Route 228. be be realized.

maximum maximum

grade grade

will will 4 4 be be

percent.

the the easterly easterly end end where where

US US 50 50 inter- long long until until

some some

of of

these these

benefits benefits

will

freeway freeway

the the

will will be be 1,150 1,150

feet feet

and and Street Street

the

and and Telegraph Telegraph

Avenue Avenue and and at construction construction

is is

starting, starting, it it

will will

not not

vided. vided. The The minimum minimum

curve curve radius radius MacArthur MacArthur

Freeway Freeway

between between along along Grove the the existing existing street. street. Now Now that

their their customers customers to to drive drive and and to to park

tion. tion. This This

will will make make it it

much much

easier easier

for

at at extreme extreme lower lower at at right right the the intersection intersection

with with

Harrison Harrison Street.

because because

of of

decreased decreased

traffic traffic

conges-

structure structure

of of

upper upper

left. left.

Present Present

MacArthur MacArthur

Boulevard Boulevard through through Oakland Oakland

shown shown

of of upper upper

right, right,

and and

again

A A

view view

showing showing MacArthur MacArthur

area area

cleared cleared for for Boulevard Boulevard the the MacArthur MacArthur will will Freeway, Freeway, looking looking westerly westerly also also benefit toward toward the the Bay. Bay. Distribution

arterial. arterial. The The merchants merchants along along existing

fic fic and and pedestrians pedestrians cross cross to to this this main

it it much much easier easier and and safer safer for for cross cross traf-

features features of of the the new new freeway freeway will will make

will will also also benefit. benefit. The The grade grade separation

Those Those who who cross cross the the present present facility

creased creased safety safety of of the the new new facility.

benefit benefit by by timesaving timesaving and and the the in-

using using Highway Highway 50 50 will, will, of of course,

this this freeway freeway is is Motorists complete. complete.

shore shore of of bay bay the the will will be be relieved relieved after

loaded loaded Nimitz Nimitz Freeway Freeway along along the

vided vided by by this this freeway. freeway. over- The' The'

the the benefits benefits many many that that will will be be pro-

The The public public is is looking looking forward forward to

or or local local traffic.

service service without without disruption disruption to to freeway

necessary necessary to to provide provide proper proper traffic

way way connections connections to to local local streets streets is

realize realize that that careful careful planning planning of of free-

stages. stages. The The state state and and local local officials officials all

operative operative during during the the design design study

counties counties involved involved have have been been very very co-

The The technical technical staffs staffs of of the the cities cities and

with with the the surrounding surrounding area.

landscape landscape the the freeway freeway to to blend blend in

economically economically feasible. feasible. It It is is planned planned to

improvements improvements some some in in areas areas where

Retaining Retaining walls walls will will be be used used to to save

structures structures only only at at grade grade separations.

structed structed on on graded graded sections, sections, with

This This freeway freeway is is planned planned to to con- be be

Freeway Freeway Planned 0s 0s

costly costly to to accomplish.

freeway freeway interchange interchange was was difficult difficult and

local local

service service and and also also

a a high high standard

Continued Continued from from page page 9 9 .. .. .

interchange. interchange. To To properly properly provide provide

this

U.S. U.S.

50 50

FREEWAY

mand mand local local for for service service at at and and near near the HATCHET NI~OUNTAIN years. The district employs mobile embankment area that would not eco- drilling Continued from page 34 ... equipment capable of pene- nomically lend itself to the construc- trating to depths As a this one failure, a of 150 feet below tion of a stabilization trench. The ver- result of the surface of the 700-foot section of the embankment ground. Determina- tical drainwells consisted of 24-inch tion of subsurface had to be removed and stockpiled water with concur- diameter holes with 8-inch perforated rent unstable while the original ground was exca- soils is of primary im- pipe in the center and backfilled with portance vated to a depth of 35 feet for the in the investigation of the pervious material. The drainwells are placing of perforated metal pipe un- embankment foundations. designed to act as vertical collector derdrains and pervious material in Unit No. 5 consisted of construct- pipes and were placed on 20-foot order to de-water and stabilize the ing 5.28 miles of roadway at two lo- centers. Two-inch horizontal drains area. The repairs required the han- cations and terminating at Burney were drilled in to intercept the lower dling of 343,500 cubic yards of mate- Valley three miles west of the town portion of the drainwells and provide rial, including stockpiling and replac- of Burney. The work was done by an outlet for the system. ing. By comparison, this amounted to M. W. Brown between July 1958 All five units have been con- 77 percent of the earthwork required and December 1959 at a cost of structed to a 32-foot roadbed with for constructing the entire 3.56 miles $1,421,685. Location "B," between three inches of bituminous surfacing. of Unit No. 4. Cost of the restoration Hatchet Mountain Summit, and Bur- Six inches of cement-treated base was work was $280,000. ney Valley, proved to be the wettest used on all but Unit 1 which was 6 area of the entire section. Water was inches of untreated base. Imported Traffic Used Old Roufe encountered in every cut on the proj- subbase material or selected material A two-mile section of Unit 4 was ect and each required perforated pipe varied in depth from 6 inches to 1 S closed for several months and traffic underdrains. Embankment areas were inches as required by the variable was carried on the old route during wet too. basement soil quality. repair Drains Are Installed work. Experience gained from Units 3, 4, and 5-B are limited this ac- development was utilized in the Stabilization trenches similar to the cess expressway. design of the subsequent unit. It is restoration work performed below Improvement of the section now standard practice has re- to investigate original ground on Unit 4 were con- duced the distance by the quality of one mile, but material underlying all structed under three embankment of greater significence large embankments, is the 15-minute to a greater ex- areas. A series of vertical drainwells reduction in average tent than was driving time for possible in former 70 feet deep were installed under an the 15-mile trip.

West from Burney Valley showing nearly completed expressway.

March-April 1960 b9

70 70 California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

Bridge Bridge

Engineer, Engineer, replacing replacing Charles Concrete Concrete Institute, Institute, the the American American in in tive tive Toastmasters Toastmasters As- the the Club.

moted moted to to

the the

position position of of .Acting Engineers Engineers Association, Association, the the Civil Civil American Engineers, Engineers, McMahon McMahon also also is is ac-

Division Division

of of Highways Highways he he was was pro- He He tion. tion. is is a a member member the the Structural member member of of American American of of Society Society the the of

struction. struction.

Three Three years years after after joining Sacramento Sacramento section section structural structural registered registered of of organiza- engineer. engineer. that that A

plant plant design design and and railroad railroad bridge bridge con- gineers, gineers, is is a a a a and and registered registered civil civil former former engineer engineer and and president president of of a the

in in

such such areas areas as as naval naval architecture, of of the the of of California California at at Berkeley Berkeley American American in in 1931. 1931. Civil Civil He Society Society of of En-

he he

ways ways worked worked had had as as an an engineer neering neering the the from from degree degree Panhorst Panhorst University is is a a national national past past director

Before Before joining joining the the Division Division of of High- received received University University 1936 1936 and and his his civil civil from from engi- the the Illinois. University University of of

Kankakee. Kankakee. He He attended attended the the State State Marquette S S 191 191 and and of of California. his his professional professional degree degree in

Illinois, Illinois, went went and and to to high high school school need need in for for more more bachelor bachelor of of and and better better degree degree engineering engineering bridges bridges in for

McMahon McMahon born born was was in in Chebanse, grow grow Staunton, Staunton, rapidly rapidly with with the the Illinois. Illinois. increase increase received received He He his in in the

Panhorst Panhorst attended attended saw saw grade grade his his own own schools schools bridge bridge high high and and engineer responsibilities Southern Southern in — Area.

culminating culminating Born Born in in today's today's in in promotions, promotions, Mexico, Mexico, Missouri, Missouri, of of he he $140,000,000. Panhorst advanced advanced was was to

grew, grew,

also also

engineer. engineer. starting starting 1953, 1953, In In following following at at $3,250,000 $3,250,000 a a and series

Praised Praised Legislature

By By

the the allocations allocations fornia fornia 1936 1936 in in as as an an for for assistant assistant bridge bridge bridge construction

in in the the Francisco Francisco nearly nearly project. project. He He San San returned returned 1,000. 1,000. Southern Southern to to During During area. Bay Bay Cali- the the same same period

as as the the the the other other Oakland Oakland San San division division Francisco -owned -owned Bridge grow grow state - Bay Bay toll toll from from bridges a a staff staff 115 115 of of to

1933 1933 From From 1936 1936 Francisco to to sion sion he he worked worked - of of Oakland Oakland Bay Bay Bridge Bridge on Highways Highways as as well Panhorst Panhorst saw saw the'

eration eration 3 3 During During and and 3 3 maintenance maintenance the the his his of of San years years with with the the Divi-

horst horst also also was was

responsible responsible the the for for op-

Snw Snw SfaR SfaR

Grow

California's California's

state state first first bridge. bridge. toll toll Pan- visor.

Los Los

Angeles Angeles Harbor, Harbor, be be will will

Southern

Sacramento Sacramento area area construction construction super-

San San

Terminal Terminal Pedro - Island Island

Bridge Bridge

Toll Toll Bridges Bridges was was Thomas Thomas J. J. Dunn,

horst's horst's

supervision. supervision.

structure, structure, This This the

sistant sistant Bridge Bridge Engineer — State -owned

for for which which

were were

prepared prepared under under

Pan-

Promoted Promoted to to fill fill the the position position As- of of

another another

bridge bridge major major project, project, plans

Bridge Bridge

Engineer — Southern Southern Area.

Work Work

is is soon soon to to be be on on started started yet

was was

promoted promoted to to replace replace McMahon McMahon as

gineer— Bridges.

Engineer

— State -owned -owned Toll Toll Bridges,

tenure tenure as as Assistant Assistant State State Highway Highway En-

F. F.

Dale Dale Downing, Downing, Assistant Assistant Bridge

and and undertaken undertaken during during Panhorst's

Area.

vated vated freeway freeway structures structures were were

planned

served served as as Bridge Bridge

Engineer

—

Southern

nez nez and and Bridge Bridge all all of of

the the ele- State's State's

branch branch office office in in Los Los Angeles Angeles

where where

in in Tube Tube Oakland, Oakland, Benicia- the the

Marti-

formerly formerly in in charge charge

of of the the

department's

Bridge Bridge on on the the US US

40, 40, Webster Webster Street

to to succeed succeed Panhorst. Panhorst.

McMahon McMahon

was

structures structures as as

parallel parallel the the Carquinez

James James E. E. McMahon McMahon

W. W. PANHORST F. F.

network network freeways. freeways. of of complex Such Such

mack mack

appointed

structures structures

for for State's State's the the expanding

Started Started

Career Career Riverside

in in

Engineer Engineer J. J. C. C. Wo-

dreds dreds separation separation of of interchange

and and

State State Highway

bridges. and and tunnel tunnel projects, projects, including including hun-

annually.

California's California's of of highways highways many many and "maybe "maybe to to as as fers fers $1 $1 billion" billion" bridge in in

structure structure

work work ;;~, ;;~, ~~ "''~ the the of of people people the the and and State State to to all all users maintenance maintenance of of what what modestly modestly he he re-

$140,000,000 $140,000,000

in in ~ ~ ~:: outstanding outstanding dering dering service service public public to planning, planning, design, design, construction construction and

handles handles

about

faithfully faithfully and and for for energetically energetically

ren-

Panhorst Panhorst head, head, responsible responsible was was for for the

partment, partment,

which which 5 5 "" 9, 9, The The 1960. 1960. resolution resolution Panhorst cited cited 29 29 years years During During his his as as department

tensive tensive

Bridge Bridge De-

Legislature Legislature by by the the mously mously on on March

Billion Billion Tofal. Dollar Dollar

the the division's division's ex- 75 75 was was No. No. and and read read adopted adopted unani-

way way

Engineer — Bridges Bridges headed and and State State California, California, House House of of Resolution gineer— Bridges.

Panhorst Panhorst

was was

Assistant Assistant

State State High- and and ful ful outstanding outstanding service service to to the Assistant Assistant of of rating rating State State Highway Highway En-

the the recognition recognition In In California California of of his his of of Division Division years years faith- of of Highways. 1947 1947 attained attained in in he he civil civil the the service

reer reer of of public public service, service, most most with of of it it came came permanent permanent Engineer Engineer Bridge Bridge and Turnpike Turnpike and and Association.

years, years, retired retired 1 1 April April a a after after ca- Bridge Bridge long long project. project. 1936 1936 Panhorst Panhorst In In be- the the and and American American tion, tion, Toll Toll Bridge

Chief Chief Bridge Bridge Engineer Engineer the the 29 for for past past the the Francisco to to San San - Oakland Oakland Bay American American the the Roadbuilders Roadbuilders Associa-

FREDERICK FREDERICK

W. W. the the State's E. E. PANHORST, PANHORST, Andrew Andrew who who had had assigned been been sociation sociation of of Highway Highway State State Officials,

Downing, Downing, Dunn Dunn ,4Rpoinfied

McMahon McMahon Succeeds Succeeds Panhorst; 7941 Joined Division in PROFILOGRAPH-2 Sections Opened on Dare F. Downing, the new bridge Continued from page 57 ... Area, has been engineer—Southern points are in excess of 0.01 foot, they Golden State Route with of Highways since the Division shall be removed by abrasive means. Two segments of the Golden State 1941 when he was Freeway in downtown Los Angeles In addition to the requirements in assigned to the were opened to traffic March 18. Bridge Department the above paragraph, the pavement in Sacramento. surface shall be tested by a profilo- The two freeway construction Soon after report- graph in accordance with the methods projects representing a combined cost ing to worlc he in use by the Laboratory of the Divi- of over 10 %2 million dollars complete was called to ac- sion of Highways. the Golden State Freeway from Sixth tive duty in the The profile index, as measured by Street to Pasadena Avenue, a distance Army and it was the profilograph, for any one-tenth of approximately two and one-half five years before mile section shall not exceed the rate miles. At the Pasadena Avenue end of DALE DOWNING he was able to set- of 7.0 inches per mile along any line the freeway temporary connections tle down to peacetime engineering parallel to the edge of the pavement. are provided by Avenues 19 and with the department. Still active in Any deviations, which produce a pro- 20, one-way routes southbound and the reserve Downing now holds a file index rate of more than 7.0 inches northbound, respectively, between commission as lieutenant colonel. per mile in any one-tenth mile section, Albion and Lacy Streets, and connect- A native Californian, Downing was shall be reduced by abrasive means to ing with heavily traveled Riverside born in Los Angeles. He attended provide the required profile index. Drive and San Fernando Road. At the grade school in Seattle, Washington Such abrasive means shall not produce Sixth Street end of the freeway tem- and high school in Roseville. He a polished pavement surface. If the porary connections are provided at studied at Sacramento Junior College daily average of the profile indexes, Boyle Avenue. At various intermedi- and received his engineering degree measured along lines approximately ate points along the freeway route are from the University of California at 2.5 feet from the edges of each traffic connections to east-west city streets, Berkeley in 1938. lane, before grinding, exceeds the rate including interchange facilities with Before his assignment as bridge en- of 7.0 inches per mile for any three the San Bernardino Freeway. gineer—Southern Area, Downing was consecutive working days, the paving The Golden State Freeway is now assistant bridge engineer—state-owned operations shall be discontinued until completed at two separate locations, toll bridges. suitable equipment and methods are between Sixth Street and Pasadena provided by the contractor Avenue and between Glendale Started as Draftsman and ap- and proved by the engineer. Burbank Boulevards, together totaling Thomas J. Dunn, newly appointed some nine miles and a construction assistant bridge engineer—state-owned cost of snore than 26 million dollars. toll bridges, began his career with the Division of High- Freeway Adopted on ways in 1931 as a BRIDGE COSTS draftsman in the Feather River Route Continued from page 60 ... Fresno area. Five years later he be- The California Highway Commis- eral foresee no increase in steel prices came ajunior en- sion has adopted a freeway routing for until after the 1960 election because gineer and in 1952, approximately 7.3 miles of US High- of the political overtones which have after several years way 40 Alternate (Feather River become associated with an inflation- spent as resident Highway) between Sloat and 0.7 mile ary economic situation. Other indus- engineer on bridge west of the Feather River Inn in tries will probably be urged to follow projects, he was as- THOMAS J. DUNK Plumas County. the course of the steel industry to keep prices constant. signed duties as an area construction The adopted route generally follows supervisor. the existing highway but provides The foregoing observation point to Another native Californian, Dunn some minor relocations to eliminate a year of general price stability. The ~~as born in Fresno and he attended sharp curves and steep pitches. It was unproved situation in the field of grammar, high school and Fresno recommended by State Highway En- heavy construction may, however, State College all in his hometown. ~-Ie gineer J. C. Womack. moderate the current competitive situation and thus open the way to is a registered civil engineer. Plans of the Division of Highways higher construction prices. In his new position Dunn will assist call for the construction of a modern Bridge Engineer Howard C. Wood in two-lane highway, with access con- supervising the operarion and main- trol, on the adopted route. Provision lanes, including rights of way for four tenance of the five state-owned toll will be made for an ultimate four lanes. Start of the construction will bridges in the San Francisco-Oakland lanes. The estimated cost is approxi- depend on the availability of future Bay area. mately $2,275,000 for the initial two highway funds.

March-April 19b0 71

printed printed

en en

CA CA ORN1A ORN1A 37A7E 37A7E LIp LIp OFPICH OFPICH PRINTING PRINTING 15431 15431 3 -6041, -6041, 20C

Engineer

Assistant Assistant Highway Highway State State TELFORD TELFORD

E. E. T. T. Deputy Deputy Chief, Chief, and and Architecture Architecture ERNST ERNST MAAG MAAG Engineering Area Area III, III, Los Los

Angeles

W. W. HAMPTON EARL EARL

M. M. A. A. EWING EWING . . Area Area II, II,

Sacramento;

District District

VII

HUBERT HUBERT S. S.

HUNTER HUNTER

Deputy Deputy Chief, Chief, Administrative MANLEY MANLEY W. W. SAHLBERG SAHLBERG

. . Area Area I, I,

San San Francisc6

ANSOH ANSOH

BOYD BOYD

State State Architect, Architect, Chief Chief of of Division

SINCLAIR SINCLAIR Engineer Assistant Assistant Highway Highway 1. 1. P. P. State State SCHOOLHOUSE SCHOOLHOUSE SECTION

AREA AREA STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL

ENGINEERS

District District IV DIVISION DIVISION OF OF ARCHITECTURE

CLARENCE CLARENCE T. T. TROOP TROOP Area Area

III, III, Los Los Angeles

Chiet Assistant Assistant MacDONALD MacDONALD M. M.

. . E. E.

J. J. WILLIAM WILLIAM COOK COOK

Area Area

II, II,

Sacramento

Assistant Assistant

PIANEZZI PIANEZZI Chief BEN BEN R. R.

S. S.

. . J. J. BALALA BALALA Bridge Bridge

Principal Principal Engineer

THOMAS THOMAS M. M. CURRAN CURRAN

Area Area I, I, Oakland

Assistant Assistant HESS HESS Chief RUDOLF RUDOLF C. C. NORMAN NORMAN RAAB RAAB of of Division Chief Chief

AREA AREA CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISORS Right -of -Way -Way Chief Chief WAGNER WAGNER Agent Deputy Deputy E. E. . . F. F.

TOLL TOLL CROSSINGS -of Chief Chief C. C. BALFOUR BALFOUR Right Agent FRANK FRANK

-Way -Way

Mechanical Mechanical Supervising Supervising

and and Engineer Electrical Electrical

DIVISION DIVISION

OF OF

SAN SAN fRANCI5C0 fRANCI5C0

BAY

-Way -of Right CHARLES CHARLES W. W. RHODES

C. C. JACKSON JACKSON HENRY HENRY .Supervising .Supervising Writer Specification

Special Special Engineer Studies Bridge Bridge — . R. R. R. R. ROWE ROWE

ROBERT ROBERT J. J. PALEN PALEN Supervising Supervising Estimator

HARRY HARRY

S. S. FENTON FENTON

Assistant Assistant Chief

DOWNING DOWNING Southern Southern . Bridge Bridge Area DALE DALE Engineer —

RAYMOND RAYMOND J. J. CHEESMAN CHEESMAN Architectural Architectural .Chief .Chief Draftsman

JONES JONES HOLLOWAY HOLLOWAY

Assistant Assistant Chief

Bridge Bridge 0. 0. JAHLSTROM JAHLSTROM Operations Engineer I. I. — .

CHARLES CHARLES PETERSON PETERSON Principal Principal Structural Structural Engineer GEORGE GEORGE

C. C.

HADLEY HADLEY

Assistant Assistant Chief

HOLLISTER Carquinez Engineer L. L. Projects Projects C. C. —

JAMES JAMES GILLEM GILLEM A. A.

Principal Principal Architect

ROBERT ROBERT

E. E. . . REED REED Chief Chief Counsel

Engineer Bridge Bridge L. L. — ELLIOTT

Planning A. A. Supervisor Supervisor of of Project Project Management

Legal

.Engineer .Engineer Projects Co~aperative Co~aperative City City M. M. H. H. and and WEST WEST of of THOMAS THOMAS LEWANDOWSKI

.Engineer G. G. Traffic Traffic M. M. WEBB TOM TOM MERET MERET . . Assistant Assistant State State Architect -WAY RIGHTS -OF

EARL EARL E. E. SORENSON SORENSON

. Engineer Equipment Equipment

DIVISION DIVISION CONTRACTS CONTRACTS OF OF ANQ. LOS LOS ANGELES ANGELES OFFICE

REYNOLDS REYNOLDS F. F. M. M. . Survey Survey Planning Planning Engineer

J. J. PETERSON Program Program E. E. R. R. L. L. STUARi STUARi and and Budget Budget DAVIES DAVIES Engineer . . Electrical Electrical Supervising Supervising Engineer

State Toll Toll -owned -owned Bridges H. H. C. C. 0. 0. ANDERSON ANDERSON McCARTY E. E. . . Office Office

Engineer

Mechanical Mechanical Supervising Supervising

Engineer

C. C.

HOWARD HOWARD

WOOD

Bridge Bridge

Engineer

SCOTT SCOTT H. H. ALLEN ALLEN Personnel Personnel H. H. LATHROP Public Public BROWNFIELD BROWNFIELD Information and and

.Supervising .Supervising

Structural Structural

Engineer

1. 1.

DEKEMA

District District

XI, XI,

San San

Diego

6E0. 6E0. LANGSNER GUSTAV GUSTAV Engineer Engineer VENN VENN of of Design Chief Chief B. B.

Specification Specification

Writer

JOHN JOHN G. G.

MEYER

District District

X, X, Stockton

H. H. B. B. LA LA FORGE EDWARD EDWARD Engineer Engineer of of G. G. Federal Federal SCHLEIGER SCHLEIGER Roads Secondary Secondary . . Principal Principal

Estimator

E. E.

R. R. FOLEY District District

IX, IX, Bishop

F. F. N. N. HVEEM HVEEM . CLIFFORD CLIFFORD Materials Materials L. L. and and IVERSON IVERSON Research Research Engineer Chief Chief Architectural Architectural

Draftsman

C. C. District District V. V.

KANE KANE VIII, VIII, .

Bernardino

San San

MILTON MILTON HARRIS CARLETON CARLETON L. L. Construction Construction CAMP CAMP Engineer Principal Principal

Architect

GEORGE GEORGE

A. A.

District District

HILL VII, VII, Los Los

Angeles

L. L. L. L. FUNK FUNK . HENRY HENRY R. R. CROWLE CROWLE Administrative Administrative Engineer Planning Planning

Service Service

Officer

A. A. L. L. HIMELHOCH

Los Los District District

VII, VII, Angeles

FRANK FRANK E. E. BAXTER Maintenance Maintenance Engineer of of Supervisor Supervisor Professional Professional

Services

W. W. L. L. WELCH

District District VI, VI, Fresno E. E. WILLARD WILLARD STRATTON R. R. E. E. HIG6INS HIG6INS . Comptroller

M. M. NASH

A. A. District District San San Luis Luis Obispo V, V, THOMAS THOMAS CHINN CHINN of of LYMAN LYMAN Supervisor Supervisor Scheduling Scheduling R. R. and and GILLIS Control Assistant Assistant State State Highway Highway Engineer

A. A. NAYLER

R. R. District District IV, IV, San San Francisco IAN IAN LEE LEE WATSON WATSON of of J. J. Supervisor Supervisor A. A. LEGARRA Project Project Coordination Assistant Assistant State State Highway Highway Engineer

L. L.

A. A. WEYMOUTH San San District District IV, IV, Francisco Principal Principal 1. 1. W. W. Architect — Project Project TRASK Management Assistant Assistant State State Engineer Highway Highway

ALAN ALAN

S. S. HART HART WILLIAM WILLIAM

R. R. District District . III, III, Marysville VICK 1. 1. E. E. McMAHON Assistant Assistant State State Highway Highway Engineer

CHARLES CHARLES MILES M. M. H. H. S. S.

II, II, HERD HERD District District . . Redding Chief Chief Construction Construction Engineer J. J. P. P. MURPHY Deputy Deputy Sfafe Sfafe Highway Highway Engineer

ARTHUR ARTHUR SAM SAM HELWER F. F. DUDMAN DUDMAN District District

I, I, Eureka Assistant Assistant State State Architect CHAS. CHAS. E. E. WAITE WAITE . Deputy Deputy State State Nighway Nighway Engineer

Engineers District District State State HEADQUARTERS HEADQUARTERS Highway Highway Chief Chief Engineer, Engineer, OFFICE of of Division

C. C. J. J. WOMACK

DIVISION DIVISION OF OF HIGHWAYS

S. S. ALAN ALAN WHITE WHITE Departmental Departmental Personnel Personnel Officer

JONN JONN H. H. STANFORD STANFORD Assistant Assistant Director

T. T. F. F. BAGSHAW BAGSHAW . . Assistant Assistant Director

HARRY HARRY D. D. FREEMAN FREEMAN Deputy Deputy Director Director (Planning)

RUSSELL RUSSELL 1. 1. GOONEY GOONEY . . Deputy Deputy Director Director (Management)

FRANK FRANK A. A. CHAMBERS CHAMBERS . . Chief Chief Deputy Deputy Director

ROBERT ROBERT B. B. BRADFORD BRADFORD Qirector

DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF PUBLIC PUBLIC WORKS

JACK JACK COOPER, COOPER, Secretary Sacramento

JOHN JOHN 1. 1. PURCHIO Hayward

S. S. ROGER ROGER WOOLLEY San San Diego

ARTHUR ARTHUR T. T. LUDDY Sacramento

ROBERT ROBERT E. E. McCLURE Santa Santa Monica

JAMES JAMES A. A. GUTHRIE San San Bernardino

CHESTER CHESTER H. H. WARLOW, WARLOW, Vice Chairman Chairman Fresno

of of Public Public Works

ROBERT ROBERT B. B. BRADFORD BRADFORD .Chairman and and Director

CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY HIGHWAY COMMISSION

Governor Governor of of California

EDMUND EDMUND G. G. BROWN 1912

The old photo shows U.S. Highway Although damaged by wave action 101 in 1912 before it was a state high- many times, the viaduct was continued in way. This section is just south of the Ven- use until 1924. With funds provided by tura-Santa Barbara county line. The point the new gasoline tax law enacted the in the distance is Rincon Point. year before, a 20-foot high concrete sea- Financed mainly by private contribu- wall was constructed to hold a fill and built by tions, the wooden viaduct was protect a 40-foot roadbed. Ventura County about 1910. Before it was built, the only road was along the In 1949 the right-of-way was widened beach, often impassable because of the to accommodate four lanes divided. The SUYt. outer edge of the fill was protected this For its day, the viaduct was an ambi- ticus project. Without mechanized road time by a riprap seawall of boulders .t equipment, the cost of rock and earth weighing up to 10 tons brought from Riv- xx.^' y~~~ r _ ~, fill sufficient to raise the roadbed above erside County by rail. Fill was carried the surf would have been prohibitive, beneath the railroad on a conveyor belt whereas lumber was cheap. through a tunnel.

1959 "~„' ,;i