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Thick-Billed Siskin Carduelis Crassirostris
COTINGA 5 Photo Spot Thick-billed Siskin Carduelis crassirostris The Thick-billed Siskin Carduelis crassirostris cheh-cheht or ch-cht, ch-ch-cht…, etc., while occurs locally in the Andes from Peru to central perched and in flight. Chile, at elevations of 3000–4800 m3,10. Fjeldså The literature is somewhat at odds concern & Krabbe3 and Parker et al.8 describe the spe ing plumage variation in this species. I assumed cies as “locally common”, while other authors the three plumages (photos) to be adult male, consider it “uncommon to rare”10, “scarce or dif first-year male, and adult female. The birds’ be ficult to find”6, and “rare”5. Two subspecies are haviour supported this (adult and immature recognised: amadoni from Peru to N Bolivia, and males singing, adults chasing off immatures, nominate crassirostris from SW Bolivia to Chile; both tolerating females), as did the ratio of plum Fjeldså & Krabbe2 further consider northernmost age types, including the pair in 1992. Further, Peruvian birds to represent an unnamed sub most sources3,5,6,10 describe and/or illustrate C. species. crassirostris as similar to Hooded Siskin C. In Peru and Bolivia, C. crassirostris is char magellanica, i.e. lacking a dark hood. The immat acteristic of Polylepis woodland2,4,7,11, a threatened ure male appears to be undescribed as such, habitat that occurs from Ecuador to northern although mentioned in passing by George4. Fig Chile10. In central Chile, south of the range of ure 8d on Plate LXII of Fjeldså & Krabbe3 Polylepis woodland, I discovered the species in a matches quite closely this plumage but is la small valley at Juncalito, below Portillo, Los belled “am adoni female”; however, this Andes (formerly Aconcagua) province: a pair on contradicts their text3. -
Phylogeography of Finches and Sparrows
In: Animal Genetics ISBN: 978-1-60741-844-3 Editor: Leopold J. Rechi © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FINCHES AND SPARROWS Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Pablo Gomez-Prieto and Valentin Ruiz-del-Valle Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Fringillidae finches form a subfamily of songbirds (Passeriformes), which are presently distributed around the world. This subfamily includes canaries, goldfinches, greenfinches, rosefinches, and grosbeaks, among others. Molecular phylogenies obtained with mitochondrial DNA sequences show that these groups of finches are put together, but with some polytomies that have apparently evolved or radiated in parallel. The time of appearance on Earth of all studied groups is suggested to start after Middle Miocene Epoch, around 10 million years ago. Greenfinches (genus Carduelis) may have originated at Eurasian desert margins coming from Rhodopechys obsoleta (dessert finch) or an extinct pale plumage ancestor; it later acquired green plumage suitable for the greenfinch ecological niche, i.e.: woods. Multicolored Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has a genetic extant ancestor, the green-feathered Carduelis citrinella (citril finch); this was thought to be a canary on phonotypical bases, but it is now included within goldfinches by our molecular genetics phylograms. Speciation events between citril finch and Eurasian goldfinch are related with the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis (5 million years ago). Linurgus olivaceus (oriole finch) is presently thriving in Equatorial Africa and was included in a separate genus (Linurgus) by itself on phenotypical bases. Our phylograms demonstrate that it is and old canary. Proposed genus Acanthis does not exist. Twite and linnet form a separate radiation from redpolls. -
REGUA Bird List July 2020.Xlsx
Birds of REGUA/Aves da REGUA Updated July 2020. The taxonomy and nomenclature follows the Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (CBRO), Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee, updated June 2015 - based on the checklist of the South American Classification Committee (SACC). Atualizado julho de 2020. A taxonomia e nomenclatura seguem o Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (CBRO), Lista anotada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos, atualizada em junho de 2015 - fundamentada na lista do Comitê de Classificação da América do Sul (SACC). -
Birding in North-East Brazil, Part 2: the Vast State of Bahia Ciro Albano
>> BIRDING SITES BIRDING NORTH-EAST BRAZIL: BAHIA Birding in north-east Brazil, part 2: The vast state of Bahia Ciro Albano No birder can feel satisfied without ever visiting the country of Brazil, home to over half of the Neotropical avifauna. In this second and final part on top birding places in north-east Brazil, the author makes this point abundantly clear… What are you waiting for? Male Hooded Visorbearer Augastes lumachella (Near threatened), morro do pai inácio, february 2010. Endemic to the state of Bahia and found on mountain- tops of the Chapada Diamantina All photos are by Ciro Albano/www.nebrazilbirding.com and were taken in north-east Brazil 49 neotropical birding 7 neotropical birding 7 49 >> BIRDING SITES BIRDING NORTH-EAST BRAZIL: BAHIA ontinuing with the second part of the shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera, article published in Neotropical Birding White-bibbed Antbird Myrmeciza loricata and C 62 here I describe the state of Bahia; an others. Cerrado specialities include Collared outstanding destination for birdwatching in Brazil. Crescentchest Melanopareia torquata, Rufous- The state is huge (565 million km²) and contains sided Pygmy Tyrant Euscarthmus rufomarginatus an incredible diversity of habitats, ranging from (Near Threatened), the beautiful Horned Sungem lowlands to montane Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Heliactin bilophus and White-banded Tanager semi-deciduous forest and several Cerrado types. Neothraupis fasciata (Near Threatened). Campo A total of almost 800 species has been recorded rupestre birds include Gray-backed Tachuri in the state6, which harbours 33 Important Bird Polystictus superciliaris (Near Threatened) Areas (IBAs)3 and six Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs)7. -
21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic
version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection. -
About Eating and Not Eaten. Vigilance and Foraging Strategies in Wintering Eurasian Siskins (Carduelis Spinus)
About eating and not eaten. Vigilance and foraging strategies in wintering Eurasian siskins (Carduelis spinus) Sobre menjar i no ser menjar: estratègies de vigilància i alimentació en lluers hivernants (Carduelis spinus) Jordi Pascual Sala ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB. -
Prolonged Sperm Storage Duration in Domesticated Canaries
770 ShortCommunications [Auk,Vol. 104 ProlongedSperm StorageDuration in DomesticatedCanaries T. R. BIRKHEAD ZoologyDepartment, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UnitedKingdom Relative to most mammals, female birds can retain weekspreviously. The other 8 birdsin the aviary were their fertility for a considerabletime after mating and subsequentlypaired and confirmed to be females.Es- separationfrom the male (Lake 1975).Maximum sperm timated sperm storageduration was 35 days. storagedurations range from about 6 days in Ringed (4) A female canarywas paired to a male European Turtle-Doves (Streptopeliarisoria), 16 days in ducks, Goldfinch (C. carduelis),and the male removed once and 35 days in chickens to 72 days in turkeys (see the clutch was complete.A single goldfinch mule was Birkhead 1987 for a review). No published informa- reared: this took 42 days (14 days of incubation and tion is available on the duration of sperm storagein 28 daysto rear the chick).The female canarywas then passerines.Here I report maximum sperm storageval- paired immediately with a male siskin, and within a ues for female domesticated Common Canaries (Ser- week a clutch had been laid. One chick was reared inus canaria). from this clutch, but this was alsoa goldfinch rather I collecteddata from a questionnaireto breedersof than a siskin mule. Estimatedsperm storageduration canariesand "mules" (i.e. hybrids between a British was 49 days. finch male x canary female). Six independent in- (5 and 6) The situation was identical to that in (2) stanceswere reported; in each case female canaries above, except that after the second brood had been laid fertile eggsseveral days or weeksafter separation reared and the chicks removed, the female laid a third from the males. -
Southeast Brazil: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna, Oct-Nov 2016
Tropical Birding Trip Report Southeast Brazil: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna, Oct-Nov 2016 SOUTHEAST BRAZIL: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna October 20th – November 8th, 2016 TOUR LEADER: Nick Athanas Report and photos by Nick Athanas Helmeted Woodpecker - one of our most memorable sightings of the tour It had been a couple of years since I last guided this tour, and I had forgotten how much fun it could be. We covered a lot of ground and visited a great series of parks, lodges, and reserves, racking up a respectable group list of 459 bird species seen as well as some nice mammals. There was a lot of rain in the area, but we had to consider ourselves fortunate that the rainiest days seemed to coincide with our long travel days, so it really didn’t cost us too much in the way of birds. My personal trip favorite sighting was our amazing and prolonged encounter with a rare Helmeted Woodpecker! Others of note included extreme close-ups of Spot-winged Wood-Quail, a surprise Sungrebe, multiple White-necked Hawks, Long-trained Nightjar, 31 species of antbirds, scope views of Variegated Antpitta, a point-blank Spotted Bamboowren, tons of colorful hummers and tanagers, TWO Maned Wolves at the same time, and Giant Anteater. This report is a bit light on text and a bit heavy of photos, mainly due to my insane schedule lately where I have hardly had any time at home, but all photos are from the tour. www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southeast Brazil: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna, Oct-Nov 2016 The trip started in the city of Curitiba. -
Niche Analysis and Conservation of Bird Species Using Urban Core Areas
sustainability Article Niche Analysis and Conservation of Bird Species Using Urban Core Areas Vasilios Liordos 1,* , Jukka Jokimäki 2 , Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki 2, Evangelos Valsamidis 1 and Vasileios J. Kontsiotis 1 1 Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece; [email protected] (E.V.); [email protected] (V.J.K.) 2 Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland; jukka.jokimaki@ulapland.fi (J.J.); marja-liisa.kaisanlahti@ulapland.fi (M.-L.K.-J.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Knowing the ecological requirements of bird species is essential for their successful con- servation. We studied the niche characteristics of birds in managed small-sized green spaces in the urban core areas of southern (Kavala, Greece) and northern Europe (Rovaniemi, Finland), during the breeding season, based on a set of 16 environmental variables and using Outlying Mean Index, a multivariate ordination technique. Overall, 26 bird species in Kavala and 15 in Rovaniemi were recorded in more than 5% of the green spaces and were used in detailed analyses. In both areas, bird species occupied different niches of varying marginality and breadth, indicating varying responses to urban environmental conditions. Birds showed high specialization in niche position, with 12 species in Kavala (46.2%) and six species in Rovaniemi (40.0%) having marginal niches. Niche breadth was narrower in Rovaniemi than in Kavala. Species in both communities were more strongly associated either with large green spaces located further away from the city center and having a high vegetation cover (urban adapters; e.g., Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), European Greenfinch (Chloris Citation: Liordos, V.; Jokimäki, J.; chloris Cyanistes caeruleus Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M.-L.; ), Eurasian Blue Tit ( )) or with green spaces located closer to the city center Valsamidis, E.; Kontsiotis, V.J. -
Convergence in Foraging Guild Structure of Forest Breeding Bird Assemblages Across Three Continents Is Related to Habitat Structure and Foraging Opportunities
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY 14(1): 89-100, 2013 1585-8553/$20.00 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest DOI: 10.1556/ComEc.14.2013.1.10 Convergence in foraging guild structure of forest breeding bird assemblages across three continents is related to habitat structure and foraging opportunities M. Korňan1,2,7, R. T. Holmes3, H. F. Recher4,5, P. Adamík6 and R. Kropil2 1Centre for Ecological Studies, Ústredie 14, 013 62 Veľké Rovné, Slovakia 2Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 20, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, 78 College St., Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, U.S.A.; E-mail: [email protected] 4The Australian Museum, 6-8 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2000 5Current address: P.O. Box 154, Brooklyn, New South Wales, Australia 2083; E-mail: [email protected] 6Department of Zoology, Palacký University, Tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, The Czech Republic; E-mail: [email protected] 7Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Bird community structure, Bondi State Forest, Bootstrap testing, Cluster analysis, Foraging guilds, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Intercontinental guild comparisons, Ordination, Resource partitioning, Šrámková National Nature Reserve. Abstract. Comparisons of community structure across sites allow for the detection of convergent patterns and the selective forces that have produced them. In this study, we examined -
Eurasian Siskins in North America Distinguishing Females from Green
Reprinted from: American Birds, Winter 1989, Volume 43, Number 5 Printed in U.S. A. Eurasian Siskins in North America distinguishing females from green-morph Pine Siskins Ian A. McLaren, Joseph Morlan, P. William Smith, Michel Gosselin, and Stephen F. Bailey Figure 1. Dorsal view of the green-morph Pine Siskin in Halifax, Nova Scotia. early April 1986. Photo/!. McLaren. N MARCH 26,1986, AN UNUSUAL were clearly Pine Siskins in other at- suggested that it was probably a Pine siskin turned up at McLaren's tributes, and they were not widely re- Siskin because of its bright yellow un- O feeder in Halifax, Nova Scotia. ported. The original Halifax bird dertail coverts, a feature lacking in It was dark grayish-green on the back, (Figs. 1, 2) required more research Eurasian Siskins (With~rby et at. with strong yellow wing and tail before finally being identified as an 1943). The photographs show that the patches, a greenish-yellow rump, and example of the little-known green bird was definitely a green-morph tinged with yellow on the head and morph of the Pine Siskin. Pine Siskin, based on this and other underparts. Furthermore, it appeared Meanwhile, in late February 1987 characters discussed below. smaller and its bill seemed deeper an unusual siskin flew into a window Our purpose~ in writing this ac- than average among scores of Pine ofe. J. Ralph's house in Arcata, Cal- count are to review available infor- Siskins (Carduelis pinus) coming to ifornia. The bird was stunned briefly, mation on claimed occurrences of the the feeder. -
Advances in the Study of Irruptive Migration
Advances in the study of irruptive migration Ian Newton1 Newton I. 2006. Advances in the study of irruptive migration. Ardea 94(3): 433–460. This paper discusses the movement patterns of two groups of birds which are generally regarded as irruptive migrants, namely (a) boreal finches and others that depend on fluctuating tree-fruit crops, and (b) owls and others that depend on cyclically fluctuating rodent popula- tions. Both groups specialise on food supplies which, in particular regions, fluctuate more than 100-fold from year to year. However, seed- crops in widely separated regions may fluctuate independently of one another, as may rodent populations, so that poor food supplies in one region may coincide with good supplies in another. If individuals are to have access to rich food supplies every year, they must often move hun- dreds or thousands of kilometres from one breeding area to another. In years of widespread food shortage (or high numbers relative to food supplies) extending over many thousands or millions of square kilome- tres, large numbers of individuals migrate to lower latitudes, as an ‘irruptive migration’. For these reasons, the distribution of the popula- tion, in both summer and winter, varies greatly from year to year. In irruptive migrants, in contrast to regular migrants, site fidelity is poor, and few individuals return to the same breeding areas in succes- sive years (apart from owls in the increase phase of the cycle). Moreover, ring recoveries and radio-tracking confirm that the same indi- viduals can breed in different years in areas separated by hundreds or thousands of kilometres.