World Against Apartheid

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Alternative title Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against ApartheidNo. 10/71 Author/Creator United Nations Centre against Apartheid Publisher Department of Political and Security Council Affairs Date 1971-03-00 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, Zambia, Australia, Japan, New Zealand Coverage (temporal) 1971 Source Northwestern University Libraries Description CONTENTS. INTERNATIONAL. South Africa again excluded from Davis Cup. ISMUN Southern Africa campaign. World Council of Churches reaffirms support for programme to combat racism. I.C.F.T.U. calls for action to support arms embargo against South Africa. W.F.T.U. calls for action against apartheid. AAPSO calls for campaigns on March 21 and June 26. International Defence and Aid Fund programme for International Year against Racism. AUSTRALIA. Local government council supports apartheid sports boycott. Demonstrations against South African sporting teams. Opposition to supply of arms to South Africa. JAPAN. Some recent anti-apartheid activities. NEW ZEALAND. Annual report of Citizens' Association for Racial Equality (C.A.R.E). New Zealand Race Relations Council plans varied activities for International Year Against Racism. New Zealand students to oppose South African sports tours. Sports writers account on apartheid. C.A.R.E. opposes visit of softball team to South Africa. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Episcopal Church urges General Motors to cease manufacturing in South Africa. Director says General Motors should move out of South Africa. ZAMBIA. "Africa 2000" plans variety of activities. Press statement on Zambian Independence Day, 24 October 1970. Statement

http://www.aluka.org entitled "Beyond the Dialogue",August 1970. SOUTH AFRICA. South African Institute sees growing pressure. National Youth Action formed. Professor Barnard to boycott "whites only" theatre. Format extent 21 page(s) (length/size)

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http://www.aluka.org NOTES AND DOCUMENTS*

NOTES AND DOCUMENTS* WORLD AGAINST APARTHEID March 1971 Page INTERNATIONAL 1 AUSTRALIA 6 JAPAN 8 NEgT ZEALAND 9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 13 ZAMBIA 14 SOUTH AFRICA 18 Northwesternl Urniversity Library APR 24 -1972 Africana (Note: Pursuant to the request of the Special Committee on Apartheid that the Unit on Apartheid publicize the anti-apartheid activities around the world, this issue of "Notes and Documents" is devoted to reports of some of the activities during the past few months. Other reports will be published in another issue in the near future. The Unit on Apartheid would appreciate information frorn organizations on ther activities against apartheid.) *All material in these notes and documents may be freely reprinted. Acknowledgement, together with a copy of the publication containing the reprint, would be appreciated. o. 10/71

CONTENTS Page INTERNATIONAL South Africa again excluded from Davis Cup 1 ISMUN Southern Africa campaign 1 World Council of Churches reaffirms support for programme to combat racism 2 I.C.F.T.U. calls for action to support arms embargo against South Africa 3 W.F.T.U. calls for action against apartheid 3 AAPSO calls for campaigns on March 21 and June 26 5 International Defence and Aid Fund programme for International Year against Racism 5 AUSTRALIA Local government council supports apartheid sports boycott 6 Demonstrations against South African sporting teams 6 Opposition to supply of arms to South Africa 7 JAPAN Some recent anti-apartheid activities 8 NLI ZEALAND Annual report of Citizens' Association for Racial Equality (C.A.R.E.) 9 New Zealand Race Relations Council plans varied activities for International Year Against Racism 10 New Zealand students to oppose South African sports tours 11 Sports writer's account on apartheid 11 C.A.R.E. opposes visit of softball team to South Africa 12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Episcopal Church urges General Motors to cease manufacturing in South Africa 13 Director says General Motors should move out of South Africa 13 ZAMBIA "Africa 2000" plans variety of activities 14 Press statement on Zambian Independence Day, 24 October 1970 14 Statement entitled "Beyond the Dialogue",August 1970 15 SOUTH AFRICA South African Institute sees growing pressure 18 National Youth Action formed 18 Professor Barnard to boycott "whites only" theatre 19

INTERNATIONAL South Africa again excluded from Davis Cup South Africa was excluded from the Davis Cup tennis competition in 1971 on the ground that admission would endanger the competition as a number of other countries refused to play against South Africa. Rhodesia was also excluded for the same reason. (South Africa was first excluded in 1970 and Rhodesia in 1971.) South Africans are still free to play as individuals in major tennis tournaments all over the world. The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, January 23, 1971. ISMUN Southern Africa campaign The International Student Movement for the United Nations (41 rue de Zurich, 1201 Geneva)odecided at its general conference in Kampala, Uganda, in 1969 to launch a Southern Africa campaign to support "the liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity against the oppressive regimes which contravene the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter". Since then the ISMUN and the national U.N. Students' Associations have intensified their activities in this field. ISMUN, jointly with the International University Exchange Fund, is producing "Southern Africa kits" for wide distribution through its national affiliates. The United Nations Unit on Apartheid has provided assistance. ISMUN and a number of its affiliates have strongly condemned any supply of arms to South Africa. The Southern Africa campaign and the International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination feature on the agenda of the next ISMUN general conference at Elsinor, Denmark, in April 1971.

- 2 World Council of Churches reaffirms support for programme to combat racism At its meeting in Addis Ababa in January 1971, the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches decided by 84 votes to none, with 3 abstentions, to endorse the decision of the Executive Committee last year to make grants of nearly $200,000 to liberation movements and other organizations opposed to racism. It authorized the Executive Committee to make further grants of $95,000, mainly for discussions on future anti-racism strategy, and appealed for more contributions to its special fund to combat racism. The Central Committee declared that "the churches have always to stand for the liberation of the oppressed". It called attention to the fact that "violence is in many cases inherent in the maintenance of the status quo" and called for a study of ways to prevent the use of violence by those sustaining the status quo when confronted by non-violent actions and demonstrations. Though the W.C.C. does not and cannot identify itself completely with any political movement, it declared, it does not pass judgment on "those victims of racism who are persuaded that violence is the only way left to them to redress grievances and open the way for a new and more just social order". In another resolution, it declared: .The Central Committee calls upon Member Churches to discourage their Governments and industrial and commercial enterprises from supporting schemes like the Cabora Bassa Dam and other such projects which entrench racist and colonial minority regimes in Africa; and also to educate their members and to warn the wider public of the threat that such schemes pose for world peace... "The Central Committee calls upon its Member Churches in those countries which are selling arms to racist and colonial regimes in Africa to urge their Governments to stop this trade."

- 3 I.C.F.T.U. calls for action to suppart arms embargo against South Africa The Executive Board of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, at its 51st meeting in Brussels from December 8 to 10, 1970, adopted the following resolution: "REAFFIRMING its longstanding policy in support of efforts aimed at the elimination of apartheid and the restoration of a rule of law and justice in South Africa in full recognition of the birthright of its majority peoples; "CONSIDERING the South African regime's increasing harshening of its laws depriving the African majority peoples of all human dignity and reducing them to the role of servitors of the white minority; "EXPRESSING continued unswerving support for the United Nations embargo of 1963 on the sale of arms to South Africa and all subsequent UN resolutions in this regard; "DENOUNCES the proposed resumption of the sale of arms to South Africa by the British Government as well as violation of the above embargo by any other government; "CALLS UPON all its affiliates to intervene with their respective governments with a view to ensuring that the United Nations 1963 embargo on the sale of arms is respected and that vigorous efforts are made to restore democracy and freedom to the majority peoples of South Africa." W.F.T.U. calls for action against apartheid The General Council of the World Federation of Trade Unions, at its meeting in Moscow on 15 October 1970, adopted the following resolution on South Africa: "The 20th session of the WFTU General Council again vigorously condemns the racist policies pursued by the South African Government against the African people who constitute four-fifths of the population of that country.

- 4 "The non-compliance with the total boycott on arms for South Africa, and the economic and military cooperation with South Africa by the Governments of France, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the USA, Japan and Italy, should provoke a wave of protest from all progressive organizations throughout the world. "The General Council welcomes the United Nations General Assembly resolution of 11 December 1969, proclaiming 1971 the International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, supports this, and appeals to all its organizations and workers throughout the world to do likewise on a massive scale. "The WFTU renews the recommendation submitted by the ITFTU before the Group of Experts of the Commission on Human Rights, which met in Vienna, that the Economic and Social Council convene an international conference, under the auspices of the Unfted Nations, of all non-governmental organizations - trade unions, women, youth r with the theme, !No arms for South Africa'. "The General Council appeals to workers and trade unions everywhere to continue and step up their campaign to free all imprisoned trade unionists, to lift the ban on democratic and trade union organizations, and to repeal the entire repressive legislation of South Africa." In a statement on the International Year, the WTFTU invited all workers to publicly condemn all firms whose activities give economic support to racist regimes; to take advantage of every visit of the representatives of racist regimes in their country to hold mass public demonstrations; to go to the aid of their brothers struggling against racial tyranny; and to step up the boycott and opposition to all trade, particularly the arms trade with racist regimes. The WFTU has welcomed the request in United Nations General Assembly resolution 2671 (XXV) for a report by the Special Committee on Apartheid on an international trade union conference to promote concerted action by trade unions against apartheid,or alternative proposals which may be received by it from the principal trade union federations. "The steps envisaged," it said, "mark a significant advance by the United Nations towards a closer cooperation with the international trade union movement."

- 5 AAPSO calls for campaigns on March 21 and June 26 The Secretariat of the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization has suggested that its member organizations organize demonstrations and campaigns on March 21 (International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination) and June 26 (South Africa Freedom Day). International Defence and Aid Fund programme for International Year against Racism The Reverend Canon L. John Collins, President of the International Defence and Aid Fund (2 Amen Court, London, E.C.4) announced that the Fund's programme for the International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination will concentrate on the following three specific aspects: "I. To call for the release of all political prisoners in Southern Africa, and to press for improvements in the conditions under which they are held, pending their release; "2. To press for the acceptance of the demand adopted by the United Nations that captured freedomfighters in Southern Africa should be accorded the status of prisoners of war; "3. To secure increased material aid for the victims of Lakrtheid, particularly political prisoners and their dependents."

- 6 AUSTRALIA Local government council sup~rtsapartheid sports boycott The Sutherlandshire Council, whose area includes a number of southern Sydney beach suburbs, refused permission to the North Cronulla Surf Lifesaving Club to hold a surf test between Australia and South Africa. The President of the Council, Mr. A.T. Gietzet, noted that South Africa had been excluded from the Olympics because it discriminated on racial grounds. Councillor M. Keane said the South African team had been selected only from whites who constituted 18 per cent of the country's population. South Africa's "surfer of the year", Mr. Mahomed Kathrada, an Indian engineering student at Natal University, had been excluded. The United Nations, he said, had declared 1971 as the year to end racism. Yet South Africa had seen fit to send five all-white sporting teams to Australia. "If we are not prepared to protest, we are condoning fascism and everything we fought against in the last war." Mr. John Myrtle, a leader of the anti-gaartheid movement, said that the decision of the Council was a tremendous breakthrough. - The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, February 13,1971. Demonstrations a st South African sporting teams At the tennis championship matches at White City, Sydney, on January' ll, 1971, in which two South African women participated, several demonstrators held up anti-apartheid posters. Lawn Tennis Association officials tore up the posters and ejected the demonstrators. About 30 anti-apartheid demonstrators appeared at Kooyong, Melbourne, on January 23 when a South African player, Miss Laura Rousseau, played a first- round match. Soon after, another South African player, Miss Brenda Kirk, played under an assumed name to avoid demonstrators. The next day, when demonstrators again appeared, the South Africans were escorted to courts where spectators could watch only from a narrow pathway at one end. The demonstrators were reported to have cut down the South African flag: police arrested two demonstrators. - Australian press reports

2w~uAtio tosu~rly o' a.s to_3 o-th ;'fri. a Reverend E.H. Arblaster, chairman of the newly-established Australian Citizens' Campaign to Overcome Racial Discrimination (ACCORD), said that even a small supply of arms would imply acceptance of South African policies and boost South Africa's internal morale. - The Australian. Canberra,:i, !' January 20, 1971. - 8 JAPAN Some recent anti-aartheid activities In July and October 1970, Asahi Shimbun published two series of 27 articles on South Africa by its correspondent, Masataka Ito, who had visited South Africa for three months. They exposed the evils of aparthei4 and dealt with trials, torture in prisons, immorality act, pass laws, and so on. The Asahi Graph, illustrated weekly with a circulation of 120,000, published a 12-page story and photos on South Africa by Mr. M. Ito and Mr. Kiichiro Yokota. They wrote: "In Notorious South Africa. Problems of the Blacks are not a racial problem. They are an economic problem. We tend to think that discrimination stems from ideas about beauty or ugliness or from differences in ability. But that is wrong. The Blacks are segregated because they are competent. The whites in South Africa know that the Blacks can grow as competent as they, if the Blacks are given a little further education." The Active Committee of Japan for African Support and Solidarity (also known as Youth League of Japan Anti-Apartheid Committee) publishes a magazine which contains many articles on aprtheid. This Committee organized a demonstration in October 1970 of about 30 persons - Africanists, students, workers, etc. - in the main streets of Tokyo with such slogans as "Let's boycott the bloodsoaked oranges from South Africa". One of the strong supporters of the anti-apartheid movement is Mr. Kanjiro Noma, a well-known writer who recently published a book entitled South Africa - the source of discrimination and revolt. He wrote: "After the Sharpeville Massacre many nations cut off their diplomatic and economic relations with South Africa. But amidst such a trend Japan and South Africa agreed to open Consulates-General and,moreover, the then Yawata Steel Company Limited purchased a great amount of iron ore from South Africa. The status of so-called 'honorary whites' is the compensation for this. "We must realize that not only the Africans but we Japanese have been despised. Are all the enterprises in pursuit of profit only?" Also active in opposition to apartheid is the African Problems Forum, established about ten years ago. It holds bi-monthly meetings to study the problems of apartheid and colonialism in southern Africa.

- 9 NE1 ZEALAND Annualreport of/Citizens' Association for Racial-Eualit~~..B The Citizens' Association for Racial Equality (P.O. Box 2794, Auckland), in its annual report for 1970, refers to a number of activities in opposition to ! prtheid. Much of its activity was directed toward a sport boycott of South Africa. The campaign, conducted in cooperation with HART (Halt All Racist Tours), was very widespread. Ken Kerry and Bob Burgess did not take part in the trials for the selection of the rugby team to tour South Africa because of their opposition to apartheid. CARE sponsored a tour by Dennis Brutus, President of South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee, in April 1970 after his appearance before the Special Committee on Apartheid. It published a pamphlet entitled "Apartheid is not a game" by Mark Playfair and sent it with personal letters to rugby players. It organized silent vigils outside Rugby Union offices during the two weeks prior to the departure of the All Blacks rugby team to South Africa. Full page advertisements opposing the tour, signed by 730 persons, were published in major dailies in the fuur main cities on May 4, 1970. CARE also petitioned to the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association to reconsider its intention to invite South African athletes to participate in New Zealand national championships. (Eventually they were not invited). The campaign for a sports boycott continues. Other activities included: * Representation to the Prime Minister on the Winnie Mandela trial. Representation to the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation regarding the T.V. map of South Africa which included Namibia. (The map was immediately corrected). * Preparation of a list of South African products on sale in New Zealand and of New Zealand firms with close trading links with South Africa. CARE also sent parcels of clothes to Christian Care (P.O. Box 444, Salisbury) for distribution to dependants of political restrictees. It made representations to the Prime Minister regarding educational refugees from Southern Rhodesia. (New Zealand will take two annually).

- 10 New Zealand Race Relations Council plans varied activities for International Year Against Racism The New Zealand Race Relations Council (P.C. Box 2794, Auckland), and its affiliated and associated bodies have planned a number of activities in observance of the International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1971), including: Annual Conference of N.Z.R.R.C. at Christchurch, February 19 - 21, on the theme "International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination". A speaking tour of New Zealand in March by Bishop Edward Crowther, Anglican Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman until 1967 when he was expelled from South Africa for opposition to apartheid. * Sharpeville Day ceremonies on March 21 in many centres throughout New Zealand. * Non-commercial distribution of the film "End of Dialogue". * Intensification of the campaign against racist sport in any guise, in particular against the projected visits of South African surf life-saving, women's hockey and golf teams. * Promotion of a trade boycott of South Africa as called for by the United Nations. * Intensification of the campaign against the sale of arms to South Africa, as called for by the United.Nations Security Council. * A campaign to counter the propaganda of a racist nature which is being disseminated throughout New Zealand by the South African Consulate in Wellington. * A Seminar on Race. The officers of the New Zealand Race Relations Council in 1970 were: Patron: Sir Edmund Hillary Honorary Consultant: Professor R.Q. Quentin-Baxter Secretary: Mr. T.O. Newnham

- 11 New Zealand students to oppose South African_sports tours Mr. Lindsay Wright, a leader of the New Zealand University Students Association visiting Cape Town as guest of the National Union of South African Students, said that N.Z.U.S.A. would cooperate with H.A.R.T. (Halt All Racist Tours) and do all in its power to prevent or disrupt any South African sporting tours of New Zealand. The projected Springbok tour of 1973 will be the main target. (H.A.R.T. operates in New Zealand and Australia). - The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, January 23, 1971. Sports writer's account on apartheid Terry McLean's recent book, Battling the Boks, is causing a political sensation in New Zealand, reported the Melbourne Age on December 18, 1970. Mr. McLean is New Zealand's most respected sports writer who was until recently a staunch advocate of sporting contacts with South Africa. His latest book on the recent Rugby Union Tour of South Africa is the story of a sincere man's disillusionment with that country. The A_ writes: "...There can be no doubt his conversion will influence the thinking of a wide New Zealand public. And the implications of McLean's book extend a long way beyond the field of sport. "At stake is not only the question of whether New Zealand should welcome a Springbok team in 1973 but whether New Zealand's whole political attitude towards South Africa may harden... "His disillusionment was partly because, before the tour was over, the South African Government ruled out any idea that multiracial sport might be allowed. " 'If one accepts, as I now do, that no fathomable reason exists why the various nations of South Africa should not, if they wish, play sport with and against each other, then the laws which now specifically forbid these activities are anathema.' "But McLean also spent much time finding out about other aspects of apartheid. He saw 'separate development' in the Transkei and did not like it. "He saw Africans herded like animals into separate cage-like stands at Rugby grounds and saw them beaten by police when they tried to chair swarthy Samoan Brian Williams from the field.

- 12 "He was moved by the story of an African woman he met at a 'ape Town welfare centre (run by critics of pathid) who had been ordered to send her children away... "From all his observations and his hundreds of conversations with whites and non-whites McLean concludes that 'fear, frustration, resentment and hopelessness are staple to the daily life of South Africans of all races.' "What has all this to do with Rugby? 'Well, I suppose, nothing; nothing, except that we are all involved in mankind, and none of us can afford to pass by the South African situation.' "Terry McLean has in effect told his vast audience that political opposition to a2_rtheid is more important than Rugby. No politician could have said it with so much effect." C.A.R.E. _oposes visit of softball team to South Africa Referring to reports that the New Zealand Softball Association was giving serious consideration to an offer to tour South Africa next year, Mr. T.O. Newnham, honorary secretary of the Citizens for Racial Equality, wrote to the Association on February 15: "...You will no doubt be aware of the fact that sportsmen in South Africa are at present struggling to establish non-racial sport but that they face considerable difficulties, not the least of which is the large sums of money which are available to the racist sports bodies and the willingness of some overseas sports bodies, especially in nustralia and New Zealand, to arrange tours with the racist organizations at the expense of the non-racial bodies. "You will also be aware of the appeals from the United Nations, some of which have been particularly directed to New Zealand sports bodies, calling for the boycotting of those South African sports bodies which practise racism i.e. select teams on a racial basis and/or ignore or provide inferior facilities for non-whites. "In the event that the invitation you have received comes from a South African racist sports body we appeal to you to consider the good name of New Zealand as a country opposed to racial discrimination and not to accept any tour in which New Zealand softballers will be participating in racial discrimination of a most blatant kind." - Letter to Unit on Apartheid from Mr. Newnham.

- 13 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Ep isopal Church urges General Motors to cease manufacturing in South Africa The Episcopal Church of the United States announced on February 1, 1971, that it had urged the General Motors Corporation to wind up its manufacturing operations in South Africa and offered a resolution for the company's annual stockholders' meeting in May. The church, with 3.5 million members, owned 12,574 shares of General Motors stock and over $440,OCO in debentures of the General Motors Acceptance Corporation. Rev. John E. Hines, Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, said in a letter to the chairman of the Board of General Motors: '"ie believe that the apartheid policies being presently pursued by the Republic of South Africa in its own territories and in South Wst Africa (Namibia - editor) will lead inextricably to great instablity and turmoil in South Africa. "We are further convinced that this turmoil will inevitably result in the destruction of the foreign capital invested in South Africa." General Motors manufactures commercial and passenger vehicles and refrigerators in South Africa. The Episcopal Church estimated its investment in South Africa at $125 million. - New York Times, February 2, 1971. Director says General Motors should move out of South Africa Rev. Leon Sullivan, the first Black director of General Motors, said that General Motors should move its South African plant "somewhere else on the African continent, where people are treated like human beings rather than dogs". Mr. John Roche, chairman of General Motors, rejected the proposal at a news conference on February 19, but said that if the racial situation deteriorated it "might pose another problem". - The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, February 20, 1971.

- 14 ZANBIA "Africa 2000" plans varietyof. ativities "Africa 2000", (P.O. Box CH 191, Chelston, Lusaka), initially sponsored by a small group of Christians at Mindolo Ecumenical Centre, has broadened its membership to include Zambians, southern Africans and expatriates in Zambia and initiated a variety of activities against apartheid. The following are the aims and activities of the group as stated in its constitution: "The aim of Africa 2CC0 is to expose and help dismantle those economic, political, social and racial structures, especially in Southern Africa, by which human beings exploit fellow human beings; and to present as an alternative any philosophy, such as Zambian Humanism, that promotes structural change in order to create a society that is both just and truly human." The group serves as a "resource centre" to teachers, expatriates and others in developing activities on southern Africa. It maintains contacts with liberation movements, publicizes their work and helps stimulate support for them. It has maintained contact with many overseas organizations to promote greater awareness of the situation in southern Africa. The World Council of Churches made a grant of $15,000 to "Africa 2000" in 1970. Extracts from two statements by the group in 1970 are indicative of its concerns. Press statement on Zambian Independence Day, 24 October 1970 "...Many members of Africa 2000 are Christians themselves, and we would therefore like to take this opportunity to enlighten some of our fellow Christians in South Africa and in Western Europe on the real terrorism in Southern Africa and the role we as Christians should play. "The political and social order in South Africa, Rhodesia, Namibia Angola and Mozambique is characterised by exploitation and oppression of the powerless masses by a small white and rich elite. The order can only be maintained by harsh racial legislation, a brutal police force and sophisticated weaponry. Isn't it a euphemism to call this inhuman system a political and social order? What we in fact witness in these countries is a rei gnof terror. It is only by structural and physical violence that the white minority governments of these countries can continue to deny basic human rights to tens of millions of black people. It is these white governments, legal or illegal, who are the real terrorist organizations of this continent. Four

15 million white South Africans own more arms than two hundred million blacks in the rest of the continent. If these 4 million people are not stopped by the United Nations, by God, by you and us, or even by their own senses, then they will engulf the whole of Africa in the most terrible racial war... "We would like to repeat here that the real terrorist organisations in Southern Africa are the white minority governments. A Christian should fear them, because fearsome they are! We cannot support the World Council strongly enough, for, with God's help, we must attempt to replace this reign of terror by a democratic government by and for the people. "Today we, here in Zambia, celebrate our 7th Independence Day. We rejoice at the progress made since 1964. But we rejoice with mixed feelings, because our brothers in Angola and Mozambique, in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Namibia are still denied their basic human rights. "We would now like to address our fellow Christians in the West. Our brothers and sisters, the reign of terror in Southern Africa is being maintained by the weapons your governments are supplying to South Africa, Portugal and Rhodesia, and by the investments and other economic support your firms and companies provide these countries with. Misguided people try to create the impression that the World Council is aiding the terrorists in Southern Africa. After all we have said you will understand that the opposite applies. It is in fact most of the Western countries who provide the support for the present reign of terror. As Christians we plead with you to dissociate yourselves from your countries' involvement in oppression and exploitation..." Statement entitled "Beyond the Dialogue". _gust l "The original 'Dialogue Plan' was designed by a small group of predominantly expatriate Christians in and around Mindolo. "A key figure in the scheme was the Rev. Michael Scott, who is well-known for his personal involvement in the Southern African situation, which dates back several decades. "Under the 'Dialogue Plan' a dialogue was envisaged between influential Afrikaner people and Zambians in influential positions. The plan was first conceived of some two years ago, and in March, 1969, after meeting a small delegation from Mindolo in February, H.E. The President gave his support for the project in writing. Mindolo hoped that the plan would lead to an entirely new approach to the explosive situation in Southern Africa by independent Africa... "As a result of (a) feasibility study, the 'Dialogue Plan' was cancelled. Here are the reasons:

"l. In South Africa it was made clear to the Executive Secretary that the 'Christelyke Instituut vir Suidelyke Afrika', a well-known and important exponent of biblically-inspired Afrikaner thinking, would be excluded from participation because of its rejection of Ipartheid. The same applied to the South African Institute for Race Relations, whose present director is an Afrikaner. "2. During the same trip in South Africa, several individuals tried to lay down other conditions for 'The Dialogue', such as: (i) 'Michael Scott must dissociate himself completely and preferably even denounce the scheme in public. If he is known to be involved, we won't come.' (ii) 'Piere Dil' (a Dutchman with many years of experience in both South Africa and Zambia, who had been a key figure in thinking up the plan and who had defended it against many critics), 'cannot take part, or else...' (iii) 'We don't want to meet South African Africans in Zambia.' Conditions of this nature would create an apartheid-type framework for the Dialogue Project within which Zambia would be unable to make her specific contribution in the field of human relations and the creation of a humanist society. The scornful reception by white South Africa of the moderate and inviting Lusaka Manifesto reduces the hope that something positive might come from a dialogue, to a near illusion. Apparently, the white rulers just will not sit together with non-whites to discuss the common destiny of the sub-continent. Dialogue has become an internal Western concern. "3. At this stage, the 'Dialogue Plan' would play directly into the hands of the minds behind South Africa's so-called outward-looking policy. "4. South Africa would attempt to make use of the Project and send agents to influence Zambian politicians. The Project would then become a dangerous security risk for Zambia. "5. If, under the 'Dialogue Plan', one would succeed in changing an individual's outlook and attitudes, that person would face enormous difficulties at home. The South African Goverrrent would isolate and victimize that person, just as is happening to the people in the Christian Institute, and to many others. - 16

- 17 "6. Dialogue with the South African Government has gone on for years. Ghandhi played his part from 1897: African National Congress (SA), from its foundation in 1912. The position.of the nonwhite population has not improved one bit, on the contrary. The only way to influence the situation from Zambia is by putting pressure on the Western allies of South Africa, and by supporting non-white opposition groups in white-ruled Southern Africa. "The concern and Christian motivation that, two years ago, led to the proposal of a 'Dialogue' with the South, is now being channelled into the direction of immediate and wholehearted support for President Kaunda's vision of a non-racial society and for his stand on Southern Africa... "Within Southern Africa the organization (Africa 2CCO) will seek contacts with non-racial and non-white organizations and support them in the struggle against exploitation..."

- 18 SOU H AFRICA South African Institute gegsRowin&_pxessure The South African Institute of Race Relations, in its annual report for 1970, saw, in the breakaway of African students from the National Union of South African Students to form the "all Black" South African Students' Organization (S.A.S.O.) evidence of a trend toward the emergence of a "Black Power" movement. The report said: * that expressions of discontent are being voiced within Churches at disparities in authority, stipends and status between African and white ministers; *that the Coloureds have become more articulate in condemnation of discrimination through the Coloured Persons Representative Council; *that South Africa's isolation, particularly in the field of international sport, has become more marked; and *that attempts are being made to exert pressure on industrial and financial undertakings to discontinue connections with South Africa. Dealing with these pressures on business from a number of quarters in different countries, the report said: 'South Africans will have to ask themselves whether these varied, as yet seemingly uncoordinated, protests may not eventually lead to concerted pressures and action.' It added: "Doctrines of separation in perpetuity and the discrimination to which they give rise simply have no place in the modern world." - The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, January 9, 1971. National Youth Action formed The National Youth Action (P.O. Box 240, Rondebosch, Cape) was formed in 1970, at a large meeting in Rondebosch Town Hall, by white schoolchildren of Cape Town who were distressed at the blatantly inadequate educational opportunities provided to African children. They wrote letters to newspapers and to 5,00 prominent South Africans and raised 2,500 rand ($3,500) to set up an African Scholars Education Fund.

- 19 This nonpartisan organization which seeks "to express and act upon the views of young people" is collecting signatures for a petition to the Minister of Bantu Education which reads: "We, the undersigned young people, wish to voice our distress at the fact that African scholars still have to pay for their schoolbooks while white and Coloured pupils get theirs free. We appeal that this be remedied." - CaPT~i ., 7 October 1970; .The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, 16 January 1971. Professor Barnard to boott "whites theatre Professor Christian Barnard, the famous heart-transplant surgeon, joined other prominent people in Cape Town who declared that they would boycott the new $15-million Nico Malan Theatre Centre which is restricted to whites. He said he would boycott any activity which, in his view, was unnecessarily segregated. "While protesting, I cannot at the same time participate in the niceties of apartheid... "People must make their positions clear. It is no good saying that you oppose the system of apartheid and then agree to play for a golf or tennis or cricket team that is selected under the system that you oppose." - The Star, weekly edition, Johannesburg, 19 December 1970. LNote: The Coloured people of Cape Town, who are among the most enthusiastic opera-goers and the best performers have no comparable theatre.Those who joined the boycott proposal include Mr. Justice Andries Beyers, Judge-President of the Cape; Lady Packer (novelist Joy Packer); and Mr. Brian Bamford, Deputy Leader of the United Party in the Cape Provincial Council.