World Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE: Heritage for Intercultural Dialogue, Through Travel, “Life Beyond Tourism”

Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Volume published in cooperation with the Institute of Art History of the University of Warsaw 10 ARCHAEOLOGICA HEREDITAS

Preventive conservation of the human environment 6. Architecture as an element of the landscape edited by Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch, Zbigniew Kobyliński and Louis Daniel Nebelsick

Warsaw 2017 Archaeologica Hereditas Works of the Institute of Archaeology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in Warsaw

Editorial Board: Editor-in-chief: Zbigniew Kobyliński Members of the Board: Tadeusz Gołgowski, Jacek Lech, Przemysław Urbańczyk Secretary of the Board: Magdalena Żurek

Editorial Board’s address: 1/2 Wóycickiego St., Building 23, PL 01-938 Warsaw, Poland tel. +48 22 569 68 17, e-mail: [email protected] www.archeologia.uksw.edu.pl

Technical editing and proofreading: Zbigniew Kobyliński Layout: Bartłomiej Gruszka Cover design: Katja Niklas and Ula Zalejska-Smoleń Linguistic consultation: Louis Daniel Nebelsick and Wojciech Brzeziński

Cover picture: part of the imperial garden Summer Palace in Beijing, China; photo by Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch

Publication recommended for print by Professors Martin Gojda and Andrzej Pieńkos

ISBN 978-83-946496-4-7 ISBN 978-83-948352-2-4 ISSN 2451-0521

Publisher: Res Publica Multiethnica Foundation 44 Cypryjska St. PL 02-761 Warsaw, Poland http://res-publica-multiethnica.pl/ CONTENTS

5 Preface 37 The corporate and cultural: honoring Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch, the monumental in Kansas City, Zbigniew Kobyliński Missouri and Louis Daniel Nebelsick Cynthia M. Ammerman * 47 Damaged landscape of ancient Palmyra and its recovery 7 Environmental preventive Marek Barański conservation Andrzej Tomaszewski 57 The art of (architectural) reconstruction at archaeological sites in situ within the context 11 The idea of preventive conservation of cultural landscapes of human environment Ewa M. Charowska Zbigniew Kobyliński and Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch 73 Lessons from landscape, landscape archetypes * Urszula Forczek-Brataniec, Ana Luengo and Tony Williams 15 Preventive conservation of the human environment: 83 The city for people – the image architecture as an element of post-industrial sites in modern of the landscape city Lazare Eloundou Assomo Joanna Gruszczyńska 17 The role of the architecture 95 Sustainability by management: in the creation, enhancement a comparative policy study and preservation of cultural landscapes of the World Heritage cities Stefano De Caro of Amsterdam, Edinburgh and Querétaro 21 World Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE: Eva Gutscoven, Ana Pereira Roders and Koen heritage for intercultural dialogue, Van Balen through travel, “Life Beyond Tourism” Paolo Del Bianco 105 Polychromy in architecture as a manifestation of the link * between man and environment Tetiana Kazantseva 23 Role of cultural sustainability of a tribe in developing a timeless 119 Capturing architecture – the poetic cultural landscape: a case study vision of cultural heritage of the Apatani tribe in the inter-war Polish pictorial Barsha Amarendra, Bishnu Tamuli photography and Amarendra Kumar Das Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch

Archaeologica Hereditas 10 127 Landscape with ruins: 283 The meanings of ruins for the preservation and presentation history of the cultural landscape of archaeological relics on the example of the remains of architecture of the castle complex at Wyszyna Zbigniew Kobyliński Kamil Rabiega 153 Educating architects: the problem 303 Dissolving materiality: ruins and with agricultural buildings plant relicts in the landscape parks Diederik de Koning by Denis McClair in Volhynia Petro Rychkov and Nataliya Lushnikova 163 Historic gardens and climate change. Conclusions and perspectives 323 Memory of the landscape: revela- Heiner Krellig tion through architecture and built environment at the Çamalti Saltern 177 The monastic landscape – carrier Işılay Tiarnagh Sheridan of memory and potential catalyst in conservation and adaptive reuse 333 Pre-Hispanic walkscapes processes of material and imma in Medellín, Colombia terial heritage Juan Alejandro Saldarriaga Sierra Karen Lens and Nikolaas Vande Keere 345 The invisible and endangered land- 187 The missing landscape scape: the case of the margins of Yuanmingyuan: preservation of the Cascavel Stream in Goiânia, and revitalisation of a Chinese Brazil imperial garden Carinna Soares de Sousa Mingqian Liu and Almir Francisco Reis 195 Seeking the traces of a former mon- 361 Diamond mines shaping -astic landscape in the vicinity the South African landscapes of Samos Abbey (Galicia, Spain) Aleksandra Stępniewska Estefanía López Salas 369 (Un)wanted heritage in the 213 Landscape and national identity in cityscape – arguments for destruc- Portugal tion or reuse. The case of the city Fernando Magalhães of Kaunas Ingrida Veliutė 225 The city that penetrates the sky Romano Martini and Cristiano Luchetti 379 The Nordic Pavilion projects at the 2016 Venice Biennale. 231 Siting penal heritage: a history of Scandinavian approach Wellington’s prison landscape to architectural landscape Christine McCarthy Anna Wiśnicka 243 Phantom heritage: Thingstätten 389 Architecture in the cultural land- and “sacred” landscapes of the -scape of the Prądnik Valley Third Reich Dominik Ziarkowski Louis Daniel Nebelsick * 265 21 st Century Garden with exhibition pavilion in Royal Łazienki Museum 403 Notes on authors in Warsaw Ewa Paszkiewicz World Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE: heritage for intercultural dialogue, through travel, “Life Beyond Tourism”

Paolo Del Bianco

The invitation which the Fondazione Romualdo Del for the wellbeing of many employees and their families. Bianco received in April 2006 from Prof. Andrzej To- On the one hand all these employees, along with all the maszewski to participate in the 1st Conference of the suppliers, maintenance personnel, professionals, etc., ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Theory like myself, work thanks to the heritage of Florence, but and Philosophy of Conservation and Restoration in Cra- on the other hand none of us expresses the gratitude to cow, channeled the activities of the Foundation towards the Florentine cultural heritage, which is our true em- the ideas reflected in the philosophy “Beyond Tourism”, ployer in the morning, before starting our day. “Life Beyond Tourism” with the Learning Communities, In the10 years between 2006 and 2016 the Foun- which were also presented in the recent publication dation’s work assumed an ever stronger shape, having World Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE. started with the Professor Tomaszewski’s concern about In Cracow we realised – with a certain surprise – that the combination of such factors as “tourism”, “consump- Prof. Andrzej Tomaszewski considered it appropriate to tion”, “heritage” and its “conservation”. With the ethos involve the Foundation to work with the above men- “Life Beyond Tourism”, the Foundation proposed a new tioned ICOMOS Committee, of which he had been ap- commercial offer, exactly combining heritage, travel and pointed the first President. Prof. Tomaszewski was well dialogue on and for our planet. On the World Heritage aware that we were not conservators and that we did sites the school for the dialogue among cultures is born not belong to the world of science. He also knew very as a result of the discovery of the cultures of our planet, well that the Foundation was born as a study and re- for the growth of international community in peaceful search center upon the will of a Florentine Hotel Com- coexistence, knowledge and respect for diversity, for pany that for 17 years had been operating in Florence in a conscious autonomous conservation of local heritage order to contribute to intercultural dialogue with young and for a conscious respect of the environment. people from countries of the former Soviet Union and The ethos “Life Beyond Tourism” was presented for Soviet Bloc. the first time in Baku in 2007, and was further support- Professor Tomaszewski never forgot that the intention ed by ICOMOS, first in Quebec in 2008 and then with of the Foundation was to encourage young people from the signing of Memorandum of Collaboration in 2013. different countries to live together in dialogue with her- ICOMOS has also tested the model “Life Beyond To- itage. Thus, he realised that since 1991 the Foundation urism” in the course of its General Assembly in 2014. To was exploring and actively attempting to find a new way date, 109 institutions and universities have signed the of doing tourism, an alternative to tourism of services memorandum of collaboration “Life Beyond Tourism”. and consumption, which was worrying him because he The recent 18th Assembly of the International experts saw that tourism was also consuming heritage. of the Foundation has stimulated the publication of re- This invitation was perceived as a strong commitment search in the book World Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE; by the Foundation and its President, exactly because of published in three languages, Italian, English and Russian. the love and affection transmitted by this great Profes- The considerations, focused on by the Foundation, sor. I will never forget his words when, one day, together includes the opportunities provided by the richness of with the Secretary General of the Foundation, we met in multicultural presences in UNESCO World Heritage sites the lobby of a hotel in Rome and after I presented to him and the consequent responsibility of these sites in pro- the idea of “Life Beyond Tourism” to my great surprise he moting dialogue among cultures. told me: “Paolo, you are a humanist, an idealist and a ro- The intention is to disseminate these conclusions and mantic”. These words, on the one hand, were pleasant to ideas among at least 100,000 visitors to Florence, guests hear for me, but on the other, worried me a lot because of the Florentine hotel company, in order to encourage I am also an entrepreneur and, consequently, responsible in them to make a clear distinction between:

Archaeologica Hereditas 10 21–22 Paolo Del Bianco

• travelling for services and consumption, and benefit of the international community on the planet we • travelling for dialogue among cultures on/for this all share. our planet in full globalisation, which is crying out The ethos “Life Beyond Tourism” has led to its practi- for knowledge, awareness and respect for cultural cal application by virtue of: diversity and environment. • its model, In the publicationWorld Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE, • the Movement “Life Beyond Tourism”, it is underlined that the 1972 UNESCO Convention on the • learning communities of the movement formed by Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage those who believe in their participation for foster- has the opportunity and strength to support the promo- ing dialogue among cultures (residents, travelers, tion of 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding providers of services onsite, cultural institutions, in- of Intangible Cultural Heritage and 2005 Convention on termediaries, public authorities and administrations, the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural research centers on market trends, education institu- Expressions, and – as these two, in their turn, promote tions, designers that structurally respond to market the Convention of 1972 – creating awareness and reduc- needs (Manifesto FRDB 2008 paragraph 9), ing the risks of heritage destruction in times of conflicts. • the certification of being part of the Movement. World Heritage Sites, due to the abundant presence of The Conclusions of the Conference of the 18th Gen- visitors belonging to various cultures, should not miss the eral Assembly of the Foundation were presented and ap- opportunity to promote intercultural dialogue explicitly proved in the presence of the most prominent world in- assuming this responsibility in their management plans. stitutions in the field of cultural heritage and travel, such In synthesis: as ICCROM, ARC-WH Arab Regional Centre for World • after the fall of the Berlin Wall 1989, Heritage, UNWTO, UNESCO, ICOMOS; these conclusions • after the fall of the twin towers 2001, have been reported in the publication World Heritage • after the UNESCO 2003 Convention, SITES for DIALOGUE. • after the UNESCO 2005 Convention, The Foundation makes an ethos available for the we should not only protect and enhance the herit- international community with the title “Life Beyond age, of UNESCO World Heritage Sites but also encourage Tourism”. The model for its application on territory, its its fruition for dialogue among cultures: “World Heritage manual, and its platforms online offer accreditation of Sites for Dialogue” membership in the “Life Beyond Tourism” Movement The confirmation of this are: and the respective certification of quality for dialogue • the proclamation by the UNESCO Director General among cultures. Irina Bokova – on 23.08.2013 – of the 2013–2022 Together with affiliated international experts, the decade for the rapprochement of cultures, Foundation intends to concentrate its efforts on teaching • the proclamation by the UN of 2017 year of “Sustain- and training activities on “Life Beyond Tourism” with the able Tourism for Development”, help of the International Institute Life Beyond Tourism, • the First World Conference on Tourism for Develop- thus continuing its research aims. ment – Beijing 18–19 May 2016. In Florence, during the 19th General Assembly of the Therefore, this publication encourages the travel Foundation, in March 2017, an annual conference was of values, which is, therefore, a commercial offer not held, titledWorld Heritage Sites for Intercultural Dialogue limited only to tourist services. This offer includes en- on/for the Planet we all Share-2017 “Smart Travel, Smart couraging, territories to be aware of their potential in Achitecture and Heritage Conservation for Dialogue”. relation to the international community and enhance In this occasion the Foundation: the art of hospitality as well as teaching the art of dia- • invited Tour Operators and ETOA (European Tour logue, appreciation of diversity and respect for the en- Operator Association) because they also influence vironment and stimulate the thirst for knowledge in the the landscape with their business decisions, for their traveler: deep involvement, and • not egocentric tourism (cultural tourism for my cul- • presented a first example of project that NASA ture, sport tourism for my physical shape, thermal brought to our attention named “OpenSmartCity” tourism for my welfare, etc.) is desired, web app which aims to provide mayors with innova- • but instead an altruistic journey, in which everyone tive tools for landscape and city management. involved offers consciously his or her time and mon- We are open to new proposals for improving the ey for the travel that favours the development of in- health of our planet. ternational community in peaceful coexistence and The intention is to encourage more and more syner- in respect for the environment; they lend themselves gies between the world of research and the world of to listening and training, and thus become part of the practice, as Prof. Andrzej Tomaszewski asked us to do. Movement “Life Beyond Tourism”. Special thanks to Prof. Andrzej Tomaszewski who, with With this commercial offer, a new worldwide competi- his confidence and his informal invitation, enriched the tion has been opened based on alternative ethics for the path of our lives which has been forged by this research.

22 Archaeologica Hereditas • 10 Notes on authors

Barsha Amarendra – BA, architect; Visvesvaraya National Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch – MA, art historian; doc Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India. toral student at the Institute of Art History, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Cynthia Ammerman – historian and preservation strate- gist; director of the Polis: Cultural Planning, LLC in Kansas Zbigniew Kobyliński – Professor Dr habil., archaeologist City, Missouri, and of the Cass County Historical Society and manager of cultural heritage; director of the Institu- in Harrisonville, Missouri, USA. te of Archaeology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Uni- versity in Warsaw, Poland. Lazare Eloundou Assomo – Deputy Director of UNESCO’s World Heritage Center, Paris, France. Diederik de Koning – MA, architect and environmental and infractructural planner; PhD candidate at the Delft Marek Barański – Dr eng., architect, conservator of histo- University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the ric monuments; Kielce University of Technology, Faculty Built Environment, Borders and Territories Research Gro- of Building Engineering and Architecture, Kielce, Poland. up, Delft, the Netherlands.

Ewa M. Charowska – Dr eng., architect, historian and Heiner Krellig – Dr, art historian, independent scholar, historic preservationist; independent scholar working in working in Berlin, Germany and Venice, Italy. Toronto, Canada. Amarendra Kumar Das – Professor; Department of De- Paolo Del Bianco – President of the Romualdo Del Bian- sign, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. co Foundation, Florence, Italy. Karen Lens – MA, architect; doctoral student at Hasselt Stefano De Caro – Dr, archaeologist; Director-General University, Belgium. of ICCROM, former Director-General of Antiquities with the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities, Mingqian Liu – MA, historian of art and architecture; Rome, Italy. PhD student at the Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, USA. Urszula Forczek-Brataniec – Dr; lecturer at Cracow Uni- versity of Technology, Cracow, Poland. Secretary General Estefanía López Salas – Dr, architect and restorator; of the European Region of the International Federation Professor at the School of Architecture, University of of Landscape Architects. A Coruña, Spain.

Joanna Gruszczyńska – MSc. Eng. Arch., architect; doc Cristiano Luchetti – Assistant Professor; American Uni- toral student at the Warsaw University of Technology, versity of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw, Poland. Ana Luengo – MA, MSc, PhD, landscape architect; former Eva Gutscoven – MSc; architect and conservator working President of the European Region of the International in Belgium. Federation of Landscape Architects –IFLA EUROPE.

Tetiana Kazantseva – Dr, Associate Professor; Depart- Nataliya Lushnikova – Dr Eng., Associate Professor; Na- ment of Design and Architecture Basics, Institute of tional University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Architecture, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department Ukraine. of Architecture and Environmental Design, Rivne, Ukraine.

Archaeologica Hereditas 10 403–404 Notes on authors

Fernando Magalhães – PhD, anthropologist; Interdisci- Carinna Soares de Sousa – BA, architect and urban de- plinary Venter of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA), Polytech- signer; MA student in urban planning at the Federal Uni- nic Institute of Leiria’s School of Education and Social versity of Santa Catarina in Florianópolis, Brazil. Sciences, Leiria, Portugal. Aleksandra Stępniewska – MA student of architecture Romano Martini – PhD, theoretician of law and politics; at the University of Social Sciences in Warsaw, Poland. Adjunct Professor at Niccolo Cusano University, Rome, Italy. Bishnu Tamuli – Doctoral student at the Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. Christine McCarthy – PhD, architect and art historian; senior lecturer at the Victoria University, Wellington, Işılay Tiarnagh Sheridan – BA, MSc, architect; research New Zealand. assistant at the İzmir Institute of Technology in Faculty of Architecture, Izmir, Turkey. Louis Daniel Nebelsick – Dr habil., archaeologist; Profes- sor at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in War- Andrzej Tomaszewski (1934-2010) – Professor dr habil., saw, Poland. historian of art and culture, architect, urban planner, in- vestigator of Medieval architecture and art; director of Ewa Paszkiewicz – MA; main scenographer at The Royal ICCROM (1988-1992), General Conservator of Poland Łazienki Museum in Warsaw. (1995-1999).

Ana Pereira Roders – Dr, architect and urban planner; Koen Van Balen – Professor at the Catholic University of Associate Professor in Heritage and Sustainability at the Leuven and director of the Raymond Lemaire Internatio- Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands. nal Centre for Conservation, Belgium.

Kamil Rabiega – MA, archaeologist; PhD student in the Nikolaas Vande Keere – MA, civil engineer architect; Institute of Archaeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Uni- Professor in charge of the design studio of the Interna- versity in Warsaw, Poland. tional Master of Interior Architecture on Adaptive Reuse at the Hasselt University, Belgium. Almir Francisco Reis – Dr, urban planner; Professor at the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Florianópolis, Ingrida Veliutė – Dr; lecturer at the Vytautas Magnus Brazil. University Faculty of Arts and member of ICOMOS Lithu- ania. Petro Rychkov – Dr, architect; Professor at the Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering Tony Williams – former President of the Irish Landscape and Architecture, Department of Conservation of Built Institute and President of The European Region of the Heritage, Lublin, Poland. International Federation of Landscape Architects.

Juan Alejandro Saldarriaga Sierra – Dr, cultural geogra- Anna Wiśnicka – Dr, design historian; teacher at the In- pher; teacher at the Faculty of Architecture of the Natio- stitute of Art History of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński nal University of Colombia in Medellin, Colombia. University in Warsaw, Poland.

Dominik Ziarkowski – Dr, art historian; Cracow Universi- ty of Economics. Chair of Tourism, Cracow, Poland.

404 Archaeologica Hereditas • 10