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#,<s^ s'jji"^ / b V«<r '^n iti«s '^v^ k-^ \ »^*i>s>«4lk>j itnw jL-»>' f'TOMi v»- ^oaSW ' fe'3*'*>«l. Voyage through the heart of the Highlands. Discover a seldom-seen Scotland. There's the Scotland mostpeople get to see and there's the Scotlandfew get to see. Now you can experience the authentic Highlands exclusively with Lindblad Expeditions on a unique journey by ship and rail. Heart of the Highlands traverses Scotland in yacht style via lakes, lochs and the scenic Caledonian Canal — from the North Sea to the Atlantic. As the name implies, you travel through the hauntingly dramatic region of rolling hOs, vast sweeps of moorland, lochs and stately castles that means "Scotland" for most connoisseurs. The yacht-scale of the deluxe 54-guest Lord of the G/^/zy navigates the many size-limiting lochs Scotland is famous for — from Neptune's Staircase to the infamous Loch Ness — enabling us to see the Highlands from a remarkable vantage point few have experienced. 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J; RETIREMENT I INSURANCE \ JWIUTUAL FUNDS I COLLEGE SAVINGS I TRUSTS I INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT JAlberi Ei'nsJeiFi became a participant ip. 1933,' JIAA-eREF'Indiwiduai and Institutional Services, Inc., and Teactiers Personal Investors Services, Inc., distribute [-.securities pjroduGts. ©'2002 Teachersynsuranc'e'and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF), New York, NY. ^Albert Einstein"'*' licensed by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, represented by ttie Roger Richman Agency, Inc., www.albert-einstein.net MARCH 2003 VOLUME 112 NUMBER 2 FEATURES 60 ON THE SCENT The trail of a giant water bug leads from Arizona to Vietnam. BY ROBERT L. SMITH 63 BUG JUICE BY LE ANH TU PACKARD 50 VIETNAM'S SECRET LIFE Naturalists are finding that the key to the country's extraordinary biodiversity may He deep in the past. BY ELEANOR J. STERLING, MARTHA M. HURLEY, AND RAOUL H. BAIN COVER Vietnamese fishing raft STORY BEGINS ON PAGE 50 PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT VAN DER HILST PICTURE CREDITS: Page 14 64 THE GOLDEN NUMBER to a sense Visit our Web site at Nature seems have of proportion. wuw. naturalhistorymaj^. com BY MARIO LIVIO DEPARTMENTS 8 UP FRONT This Stop Is Vietnam 10 THE NATURAL MOMENT Pretty Poison PHOTOGRAPH BY MARK MOFFETT 12 LETTERS 14 CONTRIBUTORS 16 SAMPLINGS STEPHAN REEBS 32 UNIVERSE Stick-in-the-Mud Science NEIL deGRASSE TYSON 38 BIOMECHANICS Open Wide (and Fast) ADAM SUMMERS 70 THIS LAND My Life as a Forest Creature NGUYEN THI DAO 72 OUT THERE Let's Make a Galaxy CHARLES LIU 73 THE SKY IN MARCH JOE RAO 75 REVIEW Table Talk HANS CHRISTIAN VON BAEYER 78 BOOKSHELF LAURENCE A. MARSCHALL 82 nature.net Les Grands Sites ROBERT ANDERSON 84 AT THE MUSEUM 88 ENDPAPER Lost and Found BETH A. MIDDLETON TMIMJlM^Mim N°TFM |h ^oitl ^-<5'.^-'-5^ AMONG ALL GINS, VODKAS, RUMS AND TEQUILAS- SAN FRANCISCO WORLD SPIRITS COMPETITION 2000 & 2001 batch distilled gin Imported sjp responsibly — UP FRONT This Stop Is Vietnam outsiders about Isn't it odd, really, that so much of what we know Peter Brown Eilitor-in-Chief Vietnam is colored by the memory of the war? As someone who Mary Beth Aberlin Elizabeth Mer^'man came of age in the late 1960s, I still fmd it hard to put aside the terrible Managing Editor Avt Director associations some of the names conjure: Mekong River, Gulf of Tonkin, Board Editors Ho Chi Minh trail (soon to be a major superhighway), even the de- of T. Kelleher, Avis Lang, Vittorio Maestro scription "mountains and jungles of Vietnam." Yet behind those names J. Michel DeMatteis Associate Managing Editor from ten thousand wartime dispatches is a land that is home to an in- Thomas Rosinski Associate Art Director credible diversity of life-forms, including literally hundreds of species new to science that were hidden by decades of conflict. Lynette Johnson Editorial Coordinator Vietnam lies at the center of a tectonic traffic jam. Mountains and Erin M. EspeUe Special Projects Editor rivers arose from collisions of three tectonic plates, creating an immense Richard Milner Contributing Editor variety of ecosystems in the country as well as some formidable barriers Graciela Flores, Marisa Macari Interns to species migration. Swings of climate—hot and cold, wet and dry buffeted the landscape. During ice ages long ago, sea levels plunged and the continental shelf off the shores of Vietnam turned into dry land. Mark A. Furlong Publisher Some species roamed across the newly exposed land. Then, when the Gale Page Consumer Marketing Director climate warmed and sea levels rose again, populations became trapped Maria Volpe Promotion Director and isolated on newly created islands. Other species, which once Edgar L. Harrison National Advertising Manager ranged freely across cool valleys, were chased up to cooler mountains as Sonia W. Paratore Senior Account Manager the lowland climate began to warm; eventually they became isolated by Donna M. Lemmon Production Matiager altitude instead of by seawater. With time, the isolated populations Michael Shectman Fulfillment Manager } evolved and diverged, then remixed when the barriers to their spread Tova Heiney Business Administrator eventually receded once more. Advertising Sales Representadves With this issue the editors of Natural History invite you back to Vietnam, New yort-Metrocorp Marketing, 212-972-1157, a country that has become both a hot tourist destination and an ecologist s Duke International Media, 212-598-4820 De/nA—John Kennedy & Assoc, 313-886-4399 dream. Join Nguyen Thi Dao as she recalls running as a child through the A#Hirapo;i5—Rickert Media, Inc., 612-920-0080 forests of Cue Phuong National Park, Vietnam's oldest national park (see West CMsr—Aiierbach Media, 818-716-9613, Parris& Co., 415-641-5767 "My Life as a Forest Creature," page 70). Marvel at photographer Mark Toronto—American Publishers Representatives Ltd., 416-363-1388 of a caterpillar native to the rainforests of Vietnam Moffett's glorious image Atlanta and Mwni/—Rickles .and Co., 770-664-4567 (see "Pretty Poison," page 10). Enjoy the reminiscences of Le Anh Tu National Direct Response—Smyth Media Group, 646-638-4985 Packard, as she recalls the aromatic dishes her grandmother flavored with the subUme extract of the ca aiotig, the water bug that for the Vietnamese is Todd Happer Vice President, Science Education practically a symbol of the highest cuUnary art (see "Bugjuice," page 63). Sterling, Hurley, and Finally, take a field trip with Eleanor J. Martha M. Raoul H. Bain (see "Vietnam's Secret Life," page 50) to discover how the Natural History Magazine, Inc. Charles E, Harris President, Chief Executive Officer nation's rich biodiversity, coupled with the crazy-quilt complexity of its Charles Lalanne Chief Financial Officer ecosystems, arose directly from the pushes and pulls of its turbulent cli- Judy Buller General Manager history. matic and geologic Charles Rodin Publishing Advisor Thus informed, you won't want to iniss the new exhibit at New York City's American Museum of Natural History, "Vietnam: Journeys of Body, For subscription information, call (800) 234-5252 (within U.S.) or (515) 247-7631 (from outside U.S.). Mind, and Spirit," opening March 15. For advertising information, call (212) 769-5555. this issue of Natural History goes to press, we have just begun to Nnliml Hiiiory (ISSN 0028-0712) a pub]isli:;d monthly, except tot conibinwi issues in As July/August and December/Jamiary.
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  • Abstracts As

    Abstracts As

    PROGRAMME & ABSTRACTS THIS FIRST AFRICAN CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY IS ORGANISED BY AND SUPPORTED BY AND THE NRF SARCHI CHAIR OF MODERN HUMAN ORIGINS, PROFESSOR CHRISTOPHER HENSHILWOOD CONTENTS WELCOME! 1 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME 2 MONDAY 19TH MARCH 2 TUESDAY 20TH OF MARCH 2 8.30-9.30 CONFERENCE OPENING 2 10.00-11.30 KEYNOTE ADDRESSES 3 12.00-13.00 POSTER SESSION 4 14.00 PAPER PRESENTATIONS 10 16.00 PAPER PRESENTATIONS 16 WEDNESDAY 21ST OF MARCH 22 WORKSHOPS 22 SHORT INFO ON SOCIAL EVENTS 25 THURSDAY 22ND OF MARCH 26 8.30 WALKING TALL, THE TREE OF LIFE 26 9.50 PAPER PRESENTATIONS 26 14.00 PAPER PRESENTATIONS 40 Dear Participants, Welcome! On behalf of the local organising committee for ACE2018, I am delighted and honoured to welcome you to the first African Conference on Experimental Archaeology at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. The rich and varied conference program includes welcome addresses from Dr. Molapo Qhobela, Professor Ebrahim Momoniat and Professor Bill Schindler, keynote addresses from Professor Lyn Wadley and Professor Innocent Pikirayi, and the Walking Tall performance from PAST. You can also enjoy 53 posters, papers, and workshops presented by students and researchers from 27 institutions (14 African, 7 European, 3 Asian, 2 American, and 1 Australian). Ace2018 is co-organised by the Archaeology department, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand and EXARC, the international organisation of Archaeological Open-Air Museums (AOAM) and Experimental Archaeology. I would like to thank the local committee members for all their hard work and Roeland Paardekooper and Magdalena Zielińska of EXARC for designing and updating our website.