Letter vii-3 Circular LC 447 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS WASHINGTON (August 21, 1935) PUBLICATIONS ON PAPER AND PAPER RESEARCH BY THE STAFF OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS EEPAHTMEFT CE COMMERCE HATI017AL BUREAU OF STANDARDS FASEIHGTOH Letter VI 1-3 Circular (August 21, 1935) LC 447 PUBLICATIONS OiT PAPES AID FARES .RESEARCH SI THE STAFF OF THE 1. FAT I ORAL EUSEAU OF STANDARDS GEHEKAL IFFOSI AT I OF Character of Researches The paper research of the Fa.tional Bureau of Standards consists of studies re- lated to the standardization2. of paper and the materials and processes used in its manufacture. The work on the standardization of paper leads to formulation of standards of quality, and includes, necessarily, the development of means of measuring quality. Eor research related to the manufacture of paper, the paper section is equipped with complete lahoratory and semi- commercial papermaking facilities. This is used to o’: tain information which will assist the paper maker in obtaining the desired qualities in paper at a minimum of cost, in developing new or improved paper products, and in utilizing new fibrous raw materials, parti- cularly waste materials. General3. Scope of Bureau Work The Bureau of Standards is charged with the development, construction, custody, and maintenance of reference and working standards, and their intercomparison, im- provement, and application in science, engineering, industry, and commerce. The bureau is organized in three principal groups - research and testing; commercial standardization; administrative4. work, operation of plant, and construction of lab- oratory instruments and apparatus . The following divisions comprise the research and testing group; electricity, weights and measures, heat and power, optics, chemistry, mechanics ana sound, organic and fibrous materials, metallurgy, clay and silicate products. The Commercial Standardization group consists of three divisions; simplified practice, specifications, and trade standards. The research and testing divisions are made up of 6S sections each of which deals with a parti- cular branch .of the divisional work. Description of List This list includes not only research reports of the paper section dealing prim- arily with paper, hut --Iso reports from other sections of work relating to paper. Publications not listed are those which have become more or less obsolete through being superseded by later publications or because they contained information of temporary value only. The publications arc listed in chronological order and are arranged in groups dealing with the same general subject. How to Obtain Publications The reports of the investigations are published either in Government publica- tions or in outside publications. The bureau usually receives reprints of the articles published outside a/nd furnishes those available free of charge. Copies . 2 - of the publications can be consulted in many of the larger libraries. Where the price is noted, the publication may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. The prices quoted are for delivery to addresses in the United States and its possessions, and to Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Newfoundland, the Philippines, and the Republic of Panama. When re- mitting ± 01 delivery to countries other than those, include in your remittance one- third of the total cost of publications to cover postage. Remittances should be made payab le to the "Superintendent of Document Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C." and sent to him with the order. Articles marked with the asterisk are out (*) , of print and reprints are no longer available. Many of the articles are published in more than one journal and references to journals in addition to those given may be found in "The Bib'lio* gi npey of Papermauing 11 , by C. west, J. published by the Lockwood Trade Journal Co, and available in most libraries. Serial letters are used to designate Bureau publications: RP - "Research Paper". These are reprints of articles appearing in the "Bureau of Standards Journal of Research" (BSJ. Research) and the "Journal of Re- search of the Rational Bureau of Standards" (j. Research BBS) , the latter being the title of this periodical since July 1934 (volume 13, number l). "Scientific Paper" of the Rational Bureau of Standards. .From number: 1 to 2 g Q, inclusive, tne separate papers of this series wore known as reprints from the "Bulletin of the Bureau of Standards" (Bui. BS). Subsequently, from numbers 330 to the separates 972 , were known as reprints from the "Scientific Paper of the Bureau of Standards" (Sci. Pap. BS). This series superseded by the "Bureau of Standards Journal of Research" in I 92S. T - "Technologic Paper" of the Rational Bureau of Standards. Numbers 1 to 202 weie : issued each independent o: the other with individual pagination. Later they were assembled to make the first IS volumes of this series, and subsequent separates were given volume pagination. * (Tech. Paper BS) . This -ries was superseded by the "Bureau of Standards Journal of Research" in° C - "Circular "of the Rational Bureau of Standards. - M "Miscellaneous Publication" of the Rational Bureau of Standards. For papers in other scientific or technical journals, the name of the journal or. of the organization publishing the article is given in abbreviated form, together with the volume number (underscored) page, and year of publication, in the order named. Outside Publications Cited Envelope I adust ry (dis cont inued ) India Rubber World, 420 Lexington Ave., Row York Hiity. Paper (discontinued). Paper Industry, 333 R. Mich. Ave., Chicago, 111. Paper Mill, 22 E. 40th St., Row York City. Paper Trade J,, Lockwood Trade. Journal Co., 15 w. 47 th St., Rev York City. Tech. Assoc. Papers. Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, 122 E. 42nd St., Rev/ York City. , - 3 - I. PAPERMAKI1TG MATERIALS AND PROCESSES Smith, W. H. Recovery of paraffin and paper stock from waste paraffin paper*. Washington: Government Printing Office, 10l6. 4 p. (U.S. Bureau of Standards, Tech. Papers No. 8j). In order to recover the paraffin and paper stock in waste paraffin paper, a process is described utilizing a vertical steam boiler, tanks for receiving the paraffin, and a beater. The waste is pulped with exhaust steam. The wax rises to the surface and the paper stock settles in the boiler. In the beater the stock is treated with an alkaline solution in hot water to remove ink. The residual wax is collected on a metal cylinder, internally water chilled, and partly submerged in the hot water of the beater. Paper prepared from the recovered stock was free from wax and en- tirely satisfactory. Practically all of the paper stock is recovered, but about 10 percent of the paraffin is lost. Smith, ¥. H. Studies on paper pulps*. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1917* 13 p. (U.S. Bureau of Standards, Tech, Papers i'To. SS). Samples of paper pulps, each representing a different method of prepara- tion and with one exception of American manufacture, have been examined to determine their chemical properties. These consist of the amount of ash, cellulose and methoxyl, the yield of furfural and methyl- furfural and the copper number. Using the same pulps, the loss in weight pro- duced by reagents causing oxidation and hydrolysis and the increase in weight when nitrated have been determined. The effects of sunlight, temperature, and ozonized air on the chemical constants obtained with ground wood have been ascertained. Clark, and Durgin, G. P. C. , A. Couching properties of wet felts*. Paper Industry 1, ITo. 12; 1115-7 (March, 1920). Addition of 10 percent of cotton to felt does not materially alter its structure or properties. A little more steam was required to dry the sheets from the cotton-wool felt. This quantity was very small. Somewhat inferior in couching properties to the wool felt. An average of 6.8 per- cent less water was removed by the cotton-wool felt. It appears that there wore less openings through the cotton-wool felt than through the all wool p R 4- Shaw, M. B. , and Bi eking, G. U. Rubber latex in paper. The effect of adding rubber latex to the beater in the experimental manufacture of book and wrapping paper. Paper Trade J. ZA, Uo. 26: 53-95 (Doc. 22, 1922). This work gives first the claims made by P. Kaye, the inventor of the process of adding rubber latex to paper. This is followed by a discussion 0" the source, characteristics and method of analysis of the latex. Test runs were made on one and two percent rubber. The data did not show any definite improvements in paper to which latex had been added, the differ- ences being those ordinarily found in any paper. There was a. slight in- crease in bursting strength on book papers. The paper having latex in it , . (continued) seemed to "be "better sized and to take the "better finish, There was no in- creased retention of clay due to the addition of latex. Shaw, M. and Carson, F. T. 33. , 68 ITo. : Aging of rubber latex paper. Indio, Rubber World, , 3 5^1 (June 1, 1923). Successive analyses of the same papers with increasing age indicates a comparatively rapid oxidation of the rubber retained in paper as a result of adding latex to the "beater Within the limits of the investi- gation the oxidation was observed to be most rapid in the case of paper mode of sulphite and sola pulp and least rapid in the case of rag papers. Complete oxidation in the case of the former was a matter of a few days, while in the latter case several months were required for the greater part of the rubber to oxidize. Shaw and Ticking, G.W. A study of the experimental manufacture of condenser paper. Paper Industry^ Ho.