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BIOLO LONGI Eva Insti FA the Dee FAO/CECAF WG on the assessment of demersaal resources-North-2013 BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON DEEP WATER ROSE SHRIMP PARAPENAEUS LONGIROSTRIS AND SOUTHERN PINK SHRIMP FARFANTEPENAEUS NOTIALIS IN MAURITANIAN WATERS Eva García-Isarch, Zeneida Romero, Pablo Expósito, Sergio Barro and Ignacio Sobrino Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz. 11006 Cádiz, Spain FAO/CECAF Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal Resources- North Fuenngirola, Spain, 18 -27 November 2013 1.-INTRODUCTION The deep-water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) and the southern pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) have traditionally been the target species for the shrimper Spanish fleet operating in the Mauritanian fishing ground. In spite of their commercial interest, there is a general lack of knowledge about biological aspects referring to stock identification, growth, reproduction, alimentation, length structure, and natural mortality of these species. However, population and biological information is needed for stock assessment and management measures aiming a proper exploitation pattern and conservation of the exploited species. The first difficulty encountered for assessment refers to the accurate identification of biological stocks, which are currently assessed on a national basis whereas many of them are supposed to be transboundary. The scarcity of available biological information about the species in the area makes that stocks of P. longirostris and F. notialis, evaluated into the framework of the CECAF Working Group of Demersal Resources (North) have to be defined arbitrarily for assessment purposes, within the geographical limits of the countries where they are exploited. Therefore, one stock of P. longirostris and one stock of F. notialis are considered in Mauritania, without any biological base. This could be an error source in the assessments carried out for these species. This work aims to collect and analyze the available information about different population and biological aspects of P. longirostris and F. notialis, the main target shrimp species in Mauritanian waters. This will contribute to a better knowledge of the biology of the species for assessment and management purposes. 2.-MATERIAL AND METHODS Three main sources of information were used in order to provide biological information on P. longirostris and F. notialis: i) literature; ii) scientific observations onboard Spanish shrimper vessels carried out by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) in Mauritanian waters during 2010 and iii) research surveys carried out in Mauritanian waters by the Spanish R/V Vizconde de Eza (2007-2010). 1 FAO/CECAF WG on the assessment of demersal resources-North-2013 And exhaustive literature revision was made to compile all the available biological information in the area. The IEO scientific observations onboard Spanish shrimper vessels in Mauritanian waters during 2010 (García-Isarch et al., 2011a, b; 2012a, b) were the main source for new information on the biology and population structure of both species. Four scientific observation fishing trips (one per quarter) were carried on board Spanish shrimper vessels operating in Mauritanian waters in 2010 (“LANGAMAU” fishing trips) (Table I). This information was used to analyse (both spatially and temporally) abundance, distribution, and biological and population parameters of the target species. However, a total annual cycle could not be completed, because of the fishing restrictions during 4 months, due to the two closed seasons: May-June and October-November. In spite of the autumn closed season, information from November could be obtained from a selectivity trial onboard a EU shrimper vessel carried out by the IEO and the Mauritanian Institute for Oceanographic Research and Fisheries (IMROP) during this month “Mauritania 1110” (Sobrino et al., 2011). Data from this experimental survey were used to complete the analysis of biological and population parameters of the target species. Table I.- Scientific observations fishing trips carried out on Spanish shrimper vessels operating in Mauritanian waters in 2010. SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION DATES FISHING DAYS FISHING TRIP LANGAMAU-0110 22 JanuaryÆ9 March 47 LANGAMAU-0210 14 MarchÆ12 April 30 LANGAMAU-0310 3 JulyÆ4 September 63 15 NovemberÆ20 November* LANGAMAU-0410 24 1 DecemberÆ 18 December TOTAL-2010 164 *Observation from the selectivity trial “Mauritania 1110” The sampling methodology used by the onboard observers is explained in detail in García- Isarch et al. (2011a). Results and main conclusions of these observations are reported in García-Isarch et al. (2011b, 2012a). Biological parameters were sampled as follows. For length frequency distributions, cephalotorax lengths (CL) were measured with calibre, separately for males and females. Parameters registered in biological samplings were: sex, length and maturity stage. For maturity, a key of 4 stages was used for females: I: Immature, II: in development, III: maturing, IV: mature. Males were classified as immature (I) or mature (II) (see García-Isarch et al., 2011 for maturation scales). All the length and biological information was analysed in order to study: i) the population structure of target species and its temporal variation; ii) identification of length groups or cohorts through Modal Progression Analysis (MPA)- Bhattacharya method (FiSAT II); iii) 2 FAO/CECAF WG on the assessment of demersal resources-North-2013 biological characteristics of the target species (sex-ratio, spawning season and first maturity length, when possible). Finally, part of the spatial distribution of P. longirostris could be explained by the information collected during the research surveys carried out in Mauritanian waters by the Spanish R/V Vizconde de Eza (from 2007 to 2010). These four multidisciplinary cruises of one month’s duration (November-December) were carried out to sample the continental margin (from 80 to 2000 m) (Hernández-González et al., 2010; Ramos et al., 2010). Data from these surveys were analysed to study the spatial distribution and abundance of P. longirostris. 3.- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Deep water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) Spatial distribution The deep water rose shrimp, P. longirostris is one of the three species in this genus inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean (Pérez-Farfante and Kensley, 1997). The species shows a wide geographic distribution, from the eastern Atlantic in the north of Spain to the southern waters of Angola, as well as in the Mediterranean and its adjacent seas (Sobrino et al., 2005). It inhabits muddy or muddy-sandy bottoms. The bathymetric range of this species changes with latitude. In four research surveys carried out in Mauritanian waters by the Spanish R/V Vizconde de Eza (from 2007 to 2010), the presence of P. longirostris was detected in a wide depth range, from 84 m to 473 m. The bathymetric distributions of these shrimps are linked to the specimen’s size, in a way that biggest individuals (females) are distributed at deeper waters. Thus, there is segregation by size (sex-related) in relation to depth. After the larval dispersion phase in shallow waters, the shrimps move towards deeper waters throughout their life. Juveniles settle at around 100 m depth, although they can be detected up to 300 m, whereas larger individuals (which correspond to females) are always found at depths over 350 m (Sobrino et al., 2005). Besides these ontogenetic migrations, P. longirostris also performs vertical daily migrations and other migrations related to the moon phases. In fact, maximum daily yields are obtained during full moon periods (Crosnier and Tanter, 1968). The highest densities in terms of biomass have generally been recorded in different regions between 100 and 300 m depth (Sobrino et al., 2005). In the Spanish surveys carried out from 2007 to 2010 onboard the R/V Vizconde de Eza (Figure 1), P. longirostris was more or less evenly distributed south to 20º 30’ N. Main abundance concentrations were located at 20º 10’ N and 19º 40’ N (in front of Tidra Island), both in deep waters of the northern area1, around the Arguin Bank. In the southern area, the distribution is more homogeneous (although with lower abundances) from Cape Timiris to the Senegalese border, and deep-water rose shrimps are found up to the 500 m isobath. It should 1 North and South area have been arbitrarily divided by the latitude 18.5ºN. North: 21ºNÆ 18.5ºN. South: 18.5ºNÆ16ºN 3 FAO/CECAF WG on the assessment of demersal resources-North-2013 be noted that these surveys were always carried out in the same season (November- December) and do not reflect any eventual seasonal variation of the species’ distribution. Figure 1.- Spatial distribution of abundance (number of individuals per trawl hour) of Parapenaeus longirostris in Mauritanian waters during the Spanish research surveys carried out in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. In order to study possible temporal variations of P. longirostris distribution, yields obtained from the IEO observations onboard the shrimper fleet in 2010 were analysed. Annex 1a and 1b shows spatial distribution of yields during the four fishing trips. However, it should be noted that the registered spatial abundance is highly dependent on the fishing strategy of one single vessel. Therefore, this information can only give an idea of possible temporal variations, which should be confirmed by further analysis. The fishing strategy deployed by these vessels can be inferred in Figure II, which shows the percentages
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