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Farfantepenaeus Notialis) in the Casamance Estuary in Southern Senegal Hd Diadhiou, O

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Farfantepenaeus Notialis) in the Casamance Estuary in Southern Senegal Hd Diadhiou, O Contribution to a better knowledge of bycatch of fixed gillnets of shrimps (Farfantepenaeus notialis) in the Casamance estuary in Southern Senegal Hd Diadhiou, O. Sadio, S Diallo, C Agboba To cite this version: Hd Diadhiou, O. Sadio, S Diallo, C Agboba. Contribution to a better knowledge of bycatch of fixed gillnets of shrimps (Farfantepenaeus notialis) in the Casamance estuary in Southern Senegal. Interna- tional Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 2018, 6 (11), pp.189-200. 10.15739/IJAPR.18.021. hal-02619266 HAL Id: hal-02619266 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02619266 Submitted on 25 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research Vol.6 (11), pp. 189-200, December 2018 Available online at https://www.journalissues.org/IJAPR/ https://doi.org/10.15739/IJAPR.18.021 Copyright © 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article ISSN 2350-1561 Original Research Article Contribution to a better knowledge of bycatch of fixed gillnets of shrimps (Farfantepenaeus notialis) in the Casamance estuary in Southern Senegal Received 27 September,2018 Revised 10 November,2018 Accepted 16 November, 2018 Published 21 December,2018 Hamet Diaw Diadhiou*1, This study was carried out in Ziguinchor (Senegal) in southern Senegal Oumar Sadio2, where the coastal shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis is exploited by a small- 3 scale fishery whose activities have been mainly oriented for several years. Samba Diallo Data were collected downstream Casamance Estuary from 26 July to 31 and August 2016 at two landing sites: from July 26 to August 12 in Boudody and Constance Agboba4 then from August 16 to 31 under the bridge Emile Badiane. During this period, the landings of 61 fishermen were studied. Those fishermen were 1 Senegalese Agricultural selected at random or through contacts established by the Ziguinchor Research Institute (ISRA) / Regional Fisheries and Surveillance Service. The collection was carried out Dakar-Thiaroye Oceanographic three times a week with fishermen returning from fishing between 9 PM and Research Center (CRODT), BP 10 AM. Juvenile fish are the main bycatch of this type of fishing gear 2241 Dakar Senegal. (86.85%), followed by crustaceans (13.13%) and cephalopod molluscs 2 Research Institute for (0.02%). Most of these captures (89.54%) are discarded, 10.46% are Development (IRD), UMR LEMAR retained. Some 39 species constitute the bycatch of fixed net used in shrimp 195 (Environmental Sciences fishery downstream Casamance estuary. There are four species regularly Laboratory MARin), LEMAR-IRD, found in fishermen's nets, 1 quite frequently, 5 of them are retrieved CRODT-ISRA, BP 1386 Dakar, occasionally and 29 are erratic. Ethmalosa fimbriata, accounting for almost Senegal. 60.74% of catches, is the main bycatch species found in fixed net. 64% of 3 Fisheries Ecology, Cheikh Anta species caught belong to the category of minor concerns and 10% are DIOP University of Dakar labelled as threatened species (vulnerable and endangered). Out of those 39 Senegal. species, 13 are estuarine of marine origin and 13 are marine estuarine and 4 Department of Animal Biology, 21 of them are predatory species of the second trophic level. Bycatch Cheikh Anta Diop University, discards account for 140 kg. Some species, mainly juvenile fish, discarded by Dakar Senegal. fishermen are salvaged for human and / or animal consumption. Others are *Corresponding Author Email : kept by fishermen and are eaten. [email protected], [email protected] Key words : bycatch - fixed nets - artisanal shrimp fishery - Farfantepenaeus notialis, downstream estuary of Casamance, Senegal. Tel.:+221 77647 33 98 INTRODUCTION Peneid Coastal shrimps were traditionally exploited by scale fishing (Le Reste and Collart-Odinetz, 1987). In artisanal fishing along the West African coast. This Senegal, small-scale fishing takes place in estuarine exploitation has increased since the 1950s with the environments, including the mouth of the Senegal River, the development of a more advanced and specialized industrial Sine-Saloum-Gambia complex and the Casamance River fishery (Thiaw, 2010). (Caverivière and Thiam, 2002). In Casamance estuary, Shrimp is on one hand exploited at sea by industrial especially downstream, shrimp fishery is mainly carried out fishery and on the other hand in estuary or lagoon by small- using fixed nets (Le Reste, 1993). These are nets attached to Int. J. Agric. Pol. Res. 190 each side of the canoe anchored in the channel and permanently in the channel with two vertical stakes fixed to capturing the shrimp migrating towards the sea (Le Reste, 2 dugouts or 2 long poles, about 5-meter-long, with floats 1992). In Casamance, fishing mainly targets fixed at their end to ensure the floatation of the fishing gear. Farfantepenaeus notialis (Le Reste and Diallo, 1994). The canoes used are 7 to 8-meter-long and one meter high. However, non-target species are also captured by these The mesh size of the net is around 11 mm (DPM, 2014). fixed nets (Charles-Dominique and Ndiaye, 2003). Those Shrimp net fishing is carried out at night in the channel at species represent the bycatch (Saila, 198; Eayrs, 2009). low tide. They are either retained or discarded by fishermen (Thiam, 2013). They are therefore a major concern for fisheries Systematic identification of caught species management (Hall et al., 2000). This scientific paper aims to contribute to a better For better identification of the species, different knowledge of the fixed net bycatch targeting the coastal identification keys were used. These are the FAO species shrimp, Farfantepenaeus notialis, downstream Casamance identification sheets for the eastern central Atlantic estuary. (Fischer et al., 1981), the guide for the rapid determination of the Senegalese mullet (Diouf, 1991), the simplified identification guide of Mugilidae (Djadji et al., 2010). In Abbreviations addition to identification sheets, databases such as the IUCN 2016 website, Fishbase, a catalog of marine life were he-ph: Herbivore feeding predominantly on consulted. phytoplankton or microphyte p1-zo : First-tier predator feeding predominantly on Sampling strategy zooplankton p1-bt : First-tier predator predominantly benthivorous This study was conducted in Ziguinchor (Senegal) from July (molluscs, worms) 26 to August 31, 2016 in two landing sites: from July 26 to P1-ge : General level predator August 12 in Boudody and from August 16 to 31 under the p1-mc : Macrophage or generalist first-tier predator bridge Emile Badiane. During this period, landings of 61 (crustaceans, insects) fishermen were studied. These fishermen were selected at p2-ge : Second-tier general predator (fish, shrimps, crabs) random or through contacts established by the Ziguinchor p2-pi : Second-tier predator predominantly piscivorous Regional Fisheries and Surveillance Service. Data were collected three times a week with fishermen returning from fishing between 9 pm and 10 am. Bycatch species were MATERIALS AND METHODS sorted and identified by canoe. For kept species, only the total number of individuals per species was determined The study area during each data collection. Fishermen used 20-liter empty cans to retrieve discarded species and emptied them on a This study was conducted in the marine influence zone of sorting table. Individuals of discarded species were the Casamance estuary, downstream Ziguinchor (Figure 1). collected, measured, weighed and totted up. In case of a Salinity in that area is like that of seawater (Debenay et al., small collection (less than or equal to 100 individuals), all 1986). The area is mostly covered by a large mangrove. individuals were measured. When the size of the collection Suspended sand is responsible for the water turbidity was important (more than 100 individuals), at least one which is the main feature of this area (Le Reste et al, 1986). quarter (1/4) of the individuals were measured: Between the point of Saint Georges and Ziguinchor, the • the total length of fish (TL) or the fork length (FL), if river’s bottoms are composed of heterogeneous sediments there is any , was measured to the nearest centimeter using (Diouf et al., 1986). a one meter long graduated board; This part of the estuary is also characterized by a semi- • the carapace length (CL) of crustaceans, especially diurnal tide whose amplitude decreases from downstream crabs, was measured to the nearest millimeter using a to upstream (Brunet-Moret, 1970). This amplitude is 169 mechanical caliper. The total length of Mantis Shrimp was cm at the mouth and is 52 cm in Ziguinchor. In general, the measured to the nearest centimeter using a graduated depth of the channel decreases from downstream to board; upstream. • the mantle length (ML) was measured for cephalopod The average surface water temperature in Casamance molluscs, to the nearest centimeter using a one meter long Estuary varies between 22 ° C in January and February, and graduated board. 28 ° C from May to September, with a peak of 38.7 ° C After measurement, all discarded individuals were (Pagés et al., 1987). weighed using an electronic scale with a 2Kg weighing capacity. Fixed shrimp gillnet Based on scientific publications and reports (Albaret, 1994, Albaret et al., 2005, Ecoutin et al., 2014; Sadio, 2015) As its name suggests, fixed shrimp net is anchored as well as databases (IUCN Red List 2016, Fishbase and Diadhiou et al. 191 Figure 1: Location map of the study area Sealifebase), the ecological and trophic categories as well as by 100. the status of the different species were determined.
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