Algebra in Cuneiform
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Financial Assistance Policy FINAL Cape Verdean.Pdf
Apolisi #: 08.26.001 Revizadu: 04/2020 Revizadu: 11/2020 Sekson: Finansa Asistênsia Finanseru pa Pasientis. Obijêtivu: Sentru di Saúdi di Boston, (Hospital ô BMC), dizinvolvi kel pulitika li pa identifika i ajuda pisoas elijivel ku baxu-rendimentu, sên sigúru i sên sigúru-sufisienti, ku inskrison na planus di sigúru di saúdi ô prugramas di asistênsia finanseru pa kubri gastus di servisus di saúdi i sigura asesu a tempu i apropriadu a kuidadus medikamentti nisisariu. Grupu Mediku Universitáriu di Boston, (BUMG), komu un parséru kolaborador di BMC, sta di akordu a aderi orientasons istabilisidus aprizentadu na Pulitika di Asistênsia Finanseru di Hospital. Diklarason di Pulitika: É pulitika di BMC, en parseria ku sés sentrus di saúdi komunitarius lisensiadus, fornêsi kuidadus medikus nisisarius a tudu pasientis, indipendentimenti di si kapasidadi di paga, i oferêsi asistênsia finanseru pa kés ki ka tên sigúru ô ki tên sigúru insufisienti i ki ka ta podi paga. Tudu pasientis ki parsi na BMC i mesti servisus imirjentis ô urjentis, ô otu servisu mediku nisisariu, debi ser tratadu indipendentimenti di rasa, kor, rilijion, krensa, sexu, nasionalidadi, idadi, difisênsia, identidadi ô ixpreson di jêneru, kapasidadi pa paga. BMC ta oferêsi asistênsia finanseru pa tudu pasientis di baxu-rendimentu, sên sigúru ô ku sigúru insufisienti, ki ta dimostra falta di kapasidadi di paga pa tudu, ô algun parti di kobransas kê debi. Pasientis sên kapasidadi finanseru pa paga ta ser selesionadu pa elijibilidadi ku Medcaid ô otus prugramas istadual, Planus di Saúdi Kualifikavel, ô és ta ser avaliadu di akordu ku orientasons pre-istabilisidu pa ditermina elijibilidadi pa asistênsia na prugrama di Benifisênsia di Servisus di Hospital (CCP). -
Sumerian Lexicon, Version 3.0 1 A
Sumerian Lexicon Version 3.0 by John A. Halloran The following lexicon contains 1,255 Sumerian logogram words and 2,511 Sumerian compound words. A logogram is a reading of a cuneiform sign which represents a word in the spoken language. Sumerian scribes invented the practice of writing in cuneiform on clay tablets sometime around 3400 B.C. in the Uruk/Warka region of southern Iraq. The language that they spoke, Sumerian, is known to us through a large body of texts and through bilingual cuneiform dictionaries of Sumerian and Akkadian, the language of their Semitic successors, to which Sumerian is not related. These bilingual dictionaries date from the Old Babylonian period (1800-1600 B.C.), by which time Sumerian had ceased to be spoken, except by the scribes. The earliest and most important words in Sumerian had their own cuneiform signs, whose origins were pictographic, making an initial repertoire of about a thousand signs or logograms. Beyond these words, two-thirds of this lexicon now consists of words that are transparent compounds of separate logogram words. I have greatly expanded the section containing compounds in this version, but I know that many more compound words could be added. Many cuneiform signs can be pronounced in more than one way and often two or more signs share the same pronunciation, in which case it is necessary to indicate in the transliteration which cuneiform sign is meant; Assyriologists have developed a system whereby the second homophone is marked by an acute accent (´), the third homophone by a grave accent (`), and the remainder by subscript numerals. -
Baseandmodifiedcuneiformsigns.Pdf
12000 CUNEIFORM SIGN A 12001 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES A 12002 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES BAD 12003 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES GAN2 TENU 12004 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES HA 12005 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES IGI 12006 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES LAGAR GUNU 12007 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES MUSH 12008 CUNEIFORM SIGN A TIMES SAG 12009 CUNEIFORM SIGN A2 1200A CUNEIFORM SIGN AB 1200B CUNEIFORM SIGN AB GUNU 1200C CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES ASH2 1200D CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES GIN2 1200E CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES GAL 1200F CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES GAN2 TENU 12010 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES HA 12011 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES IMIN 12012 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES LAGAB 12013 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES SHESH 12014 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES SIG7 12015 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB TIMES U PLUS U PLUS U 12016 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 12017 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES ASHGAB 12018 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES BALAG 12019 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES BI 1201A CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES DUG 1201B CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES GAN2 TENU 1201C CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES GUD 1201D CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES KAD3 1201E CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES LA 1201F CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES ME PLUS EN 12020 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES NE 12021 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES SHA3 12022 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES SIG7 12023 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES SILA3 12024 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES TAK4 12025 CUNEIFORM SIGN AB2 TIMES U2 12026 CUNEIFORM SIGN AD 12027 CUNEIFORM SIGN AK 12028 CUNEIFORM SIGN AK TIMES ERIN2 12029 CUNEIFORM SIGN AK TIMES SAL PLUS GISH 1202A CUNEIFORM SIGN AK TIMES SHITA PLUS GISH 1202B CUNEIFORM SIGN AL 1202C CUNEIFORM SIGN -
Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon in Anticipation of a New Edition
Notice I have suspended sales of the print version of my Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon in anticipation of a new edition. Since appearance of the latter has been delayed, I am making this online version available. I hereby expressly give consent for it to be printed and further reproduced without charge. The work remains copyrighted and should be cited as such. I stress especially that the present version is an unrevised reproduction of the original 1993 work (with only obvious typographical errors removed and the two bibliographical items listed as “to appear” now given in full). Anything contained herein should be cited as “1993”! Preparation of the pdf version from what is already an archaic original computerized text involved a threefold conversion. Some formatting errors have surely been introduced that I have failed to notice and correct. I would be grateful if users would point these out to me by e-mail ([email protected]). H. Craig Melchert July, 2001 LEXICA ANATOLICA VOLUME 2 CUNEIFORM LUVIAN LEXICON H. CRAIG MELCHERT Chapel Hill, N.C. 1993 Copyright c 1993. All rights reserved FOREWORD Like its predecessor, this lexicon has a very modest aim: to furnish a provisional index, as exhaustive as possible, of all attested Cuneiform Luvian lexemes. It is intended to be complete for the CLuvian corpus as established by Frank Starke, Die keilschrift-luwischen Texte in Umschrift (StBoT 30), Wiesbaden: 1985 (with the addenda and corrigenda in StBoT 31 (1990) 592-607). I have followed Starke's readings unless explicitly noted otherwise. The coverage of Luvianisms and Luvian loanwords in Hittite contexts is necessarily selective: see further below. -
The {Amârnah Texts a Century After Flinders Petrie
ANES 39 (2002) 44-75 The {Amârnah Texts a Century after Flinders Petrie Anson F. RAINEY International Visiting Research Scholar Centre for Classics and Archaeology University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 AUSTRALIA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The ensuing remarks seek to elucidate some of the central issues in the study of the cuneiform texts discovered at Tell el-¨Amârnah in Egypt. Progress in the study of the language, the social structure of Canaan at that time and certain historical problems will be reviewed. After an accidental find by a village woman in 1887. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie was the first modern scholar to conduct archaeological excavations at the actual site. His work determined the probable spot where the tablets had been deposited when the ancient town was abandoned. Subsequently, Petrie articulated various interpretations of the evidence from the archaeological finds and also from the inscriptions. During the twentieth century, research was continued on all the many facets of these momentous discoveries. The focus in this paper is on the cuneiform epistles, the international and parochial correspondence that involved the Egyptian gov- ernment.* * The present article is an expansion of the ‘2002 Flinders Petrie Oration,’ delivered on behalf of the Australian Institute of Archaeology and the Archaeological Research Unit, The School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia, on 30 August, 2002. A much shorter version had been presented under the title, ‘The ¨Amârnah Tablets — A Late Bronze Age Phenomenon,’ at the Joint Meeting of the Midwest Region of the Society of Biblical Literature, the Middle West Branch of the American Oriental Society and the American Schools of Oriental Research—Midwest, Wheaton, IL., 16-18 February, 1997. -
An Illustrated Meskwaki Text by Alfred Kiyana
Highlighting Rhetorical Structure through Syntactic Analysis: An Illustrated Meskwaki Text by Alfred Kiyana Amy Dahlstrom 1. Introduction. The study of Algonquian languages and their Algic relatives in California has traditionally involved not only face-to-face elicitation with speakers but also the collection of texts, as the chapters in this volume attest. For the Plains dialect of Cree, for example, we are fortunate to have not only Bloomfield’s two published volumes (Bloomfield 1930, 1934) but also the recent series of volumes edited by H.C. Wolfart and Freda Ahenakew (e.g. Wolfart and Ahenakew 2000). For Meskwaki (Fox) there is the enormous corpus of texts written early in the twentieth century in the Meskwaki syllabary, now stored in the National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. About half the corpus of approximately twenty thousand pages was produced by Alfred Kiyana, an extremely accomplished writer, as the discussion of syntactic and rhetorical features below demonstrates.1 The text presented here is by Kiyana and includes ten illustrations drawn by him.2 Despite the textual resources available for at least some of the languages of the family, it can be daunting for scholars to make use of this material. Bloomfield’s Cree volumes, for example, present pages of Cree on the left, arranged into paragraphs, with paragraphs of English translation on the opposing pages, with no glossing of individual words. A linguist investigating a specific issue (e.g., is there a basic, unmarked word order for Cree?) cannot easily see the patterns of interest. Moreover, questions of artistry and rhetorical style, the sorts of issues explored by Hymes’s work on ethnopoetics (e.g. -
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Semantikon.com presents An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic On the Basis of Recently Discovered Texts By Morris Jastrow Jr., Ph.D., LL.D. Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania And Albert T. Clay, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. Professor of Assyriology and Babylonian Literature, Yale University In Memory of William Max Müller (1863-1919) Whose life was devoted to Egyptological research which he greatly enriched by many contributions PREFATORY NOTE The Introduction, the Commentary to the two tablets, and the Appendix, are by Professor Jastrow, and for these he assumes the sole responsibility. The text of the Yale tablet is by Professor Clay. The transliteration and the translation of the two tablets represent the joint work of the two authors. In the transliteration of the two tablets, C. E. Keiser's "System of Accentuation for Sumero-Akkadian signs" (Yale Oriental Researches--VOL. IX, Appendix, New Haven, 1919) has been followed. INTRODUCTION. I. The Gilgamesh Epic is the most notable literary product of Babylonia as yet discovered in the mounds of Mesopotamia. It recounts the exploits and adventures of a favorite hero, and in its final form covers twelve tablets, each tablet consisting of six columns (three on the obverse and three on the reverse) of about 50 lines for each column, or a total of about 3600 lines. Of this total, however, barely more than one-half has been found among the remains of the great collection of cuneiform tablets gathered by King Ashurbanapal (668-626 B.C.) in his palace at Nineveh, and discovered by Layard in 1854 [1] in the course of his excavations of the mound Kouyunjik (opposite Mosul). -
Sumerian Liturgical Texts
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS OF THE BABYLONIAN SECTION VOL. X No. 2 SUMERIAN LITURGICAL TEXTS BY g600@T STEPHEN LANGDON ,.!, ' PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 1917 DIVINITY LIBRARY gJ-37 . f's- ". /o, ,7'Y,.'j' CONTENTS INTRODUC1'ION ................................... SUMERIAN LITURGICAL TEXTS: EPICALPOEM ON THE ORIGINOF SLIMERIANCIVILI- ZATION ...................................... LAMENTATIONTO ARURU......................... PENITENTIALPSALM TO GOD AMURRU............. LAMENTATIONON THE INVASION BY GUTIUM....... LEGENDOF GILGAMISH........................... LITURGICALHYMN TO UR-ENGUR............. .. .. LITURGICALHYMN TO DUNGI...................... LITURGICALHYMN TO LIBIT-ISHTAR(?)OR ISHME- DAGAN(?)................................... LITURGICALHYMN TO ISHME-DAGAN............... LAMENTATIONON THE DESTRUCTIONOF UR ........ HYMNOF SAMSUILUNA........................... LITURGYTO ENLIL.babbar-ri babbar.ri.gim. INCLUD- ING A TRANSLATIONOF SBH 39 .............. FRAGMENTFROM THE TITULARLITANY OF A LITURGY LITURGICALHYMN TO ISHME.DAGAN............... LITURGYTO INNINI ............................... INTRODUCTION Under the title SUMERIANLITURGICAL TEXTS the author has collected the material of the Nippur collection which belonged to the various public song services of the Sumerian and Babylonian temples. In this category he has included the epical and theological poems called lag-sal. These long epical compositions are the work of a group of scholars at Nippur who ambitiously planned to write a series -
Sumerian Liturgies and Psalms
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS OF THE BABYLONIAN SECTION VOL. X No. 4 SUMERIAN LITURGIES AND PSALMS STEPHEN LANGDON PROFESSOROF ASSYRIOLOGY AT OXFORDUNIVERSITY PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 1919 DI'IINITY LIBRARY CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION .................................. 233 SUMERIAN LITURGIES AND PSALMS: LAMENTATIONOF ISHME-DAGANOVER NIPPUR ..... LITURGYOF THE CULTOF ISHME-DAGAN.......... LITURGICALHYMN TO INNINI ..................... PSALMTO ENLIL LAMENTATIONON THE PILLAGEOF LAGASHBY THE ELAMITES................................... LAMENTATIONTO ~NNINI ON THE SORROWSOF ERECH. LITURGICALHYMN TO SIN........................ LAMENTATIONON THE DESTRUCTIONOF UR........ LITURGICALHYMNS OF THE TAMMUZCULT ........ A LITURGYTO ENLIL,Elum Gud-Sun ............. EARLYFORM OF THE SERIESd~abbar&n-k-ta .... LITURGYOF THE CULTOF KESH................. SERIESElum Didara, THIRDTABLET .............. BABYLONIANCULT SYMBOLS ...................... INTRODUCTION With the publication of the texts included in this the last part of volume X, Sumerian Liturgical and Epical Texts, the writer arrives at a definite stage in the interpretation of the religious material in the Nippur collection. Having been privi- leged to examine the collection in Philadelphia as well as that in Constantinople, I write with a sense of responsibility in giving to the public a brief statement concerning what the temple library of ancient Nippur really contained. Omitting the branches pertaining to history, law, grammar and mathematics, -
Planets in Ancient Mesopotamia
Enn Kasak, Raul Veede UNDERSTANDING PLANETS IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA This is a copy of the article from printed version of electronic journal Folklore Vol. 16 ISSN 1406-0957 Editors Mare Kõiva & Andres Kuperjanov Published by the Folk Belief and Media Group of ELM Electronic Journal of Folklore Electronic version ISSN 1406-0949 is available from http://haldjas.folklore.ee/folklore It’s free but do give us credit when you cite! © Folk Belief and Media Group of ELM, Andres Kuperjanov Tartu 2001 6 UNDERSTANDING PLANETS IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Enn Kasak, Raul Veede On our planet time flows evenly everywhere but the history as we know it has different length and depth in every place. Maybe the deepest layer of history lies in the land between Tigris and Eufrat – Mesopotamia (Greek Mesopotam a ‘the land between two rivers’). It is hard to grasp how much our current culture has inherited from the people of that land – be it either the wheel, the art of writing, or the units for measuring time and angles. Science and knowledge of stars has always – though with varying success – been important in European culture. Much from the Babylonian beliefs about con- stellations and planets have reached our days. Planets had an im- portant place in Babylonian astral religion, they were observed as much for calendrical as astrological purposes, and the qualities of the planetary gods were carried on to Greek and Rome. The following started out as an attempt to compose a list of planets together with corresponding gods who lend their names and quali- ties to the planets. -
A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN
TEXTS FROM THE BABYLONIAN COLLECTION Volume 3 William W. Hallo, Editor TEXTS FROM THE BABYLONIAN COLLECTION Volume 3 ARECONSTRUCTION OF THE ASSYRO-BABYLONIAN GOD-LISTS, AN: dA NU-UM AND AN: ANU SA AMÉLI by Richard L. Litke LOC 98-061533 Copyright © 1998 by the Yale Babylonian Collection. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America Distributed by CDL Press, P.O.B. 34454 Bethesda, MD 20827, U.S.A. YALE BABYLONIAN COLLECTION New Haven The publication of thiS volume haS been made possible by a grant from Elizabeth DebevoiSe Healy in honor of her grandfather, Albert T. Clay. FOREWORD The publication of the present work has a long and complicated history. When FerriS J Stephens retired from the curatorship of the Babylonian Collection in 1962, and I arrived to take his place, one of the first problems confronting me was a large backlog of unfinished and half-finished manuscripts. These included dissertations written under the direction of Stephens or of Albrecht Goetze, and monographs and collections of copies prepared by former students and other collaborators. I therefore decided to bring the authorS in question back to New Haven to finish their manuscripts where possible, or to enlist other collaborators for the same purpose where it was not. To this end, applications were successfully made to the National Endowment for the Humanities for summer grants—five in all during the period 1968-77—which eventually resulted in, or contributed materially to, the publication of a dozen monographs (BIN 3, YNER 4-7, and YOS 11-14 and 17-18, as well as B. -
Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints <
Cuneiform Digital Library Preprints <http://cdli.ucla.edu/?q=cuneiform-digital-library-preprints> Hosted by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (<http://cdli.ucla.edu>) Editor: Bertrand Lafont (CNRS, Nanterre) Number 13 Title: Early Linguists Author: Peter J. Huber Posted to web: 7 November 2018 Early Linguists Peter J. Huber Abstract This article was written to draw attention to the earliest serious linguistic documents in existence: a set of sophisticated bilingual Sumerian-Akkadian paradigms dating to the early 2nd millennium BC, when Sumerian was dead or dying as a spoken language. The fascinating material is relevant for the early history not only of linguistics, but of history of science in general. 1. Introduction. The tablet collection of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago contains a remarkable set of five closely knit Old Babylonian bilingual Sumerian-Akkadian verbal paradigms, totaling almost 900 lines, dating to the early second millennium BC, when Sumerian was dead or dying as a spoken language. These sophisticated texts are by far the earliest serious grammatical documents in existence. Their relevance to the history of science – more precisely: the history of linguistics – is comparable to, or even surpassing, that of the mathematical texts of the same period to the history of mathematics. Regrettably, these texts are hardly known outside of Sumerological circles and deserve wider publicity. This article was written with the hope to remedy the situation. Modern science – more precisely: the modern presentation of science – follows the discursive style inspired by Greek role models such as Aristotle, Euclid and Ptolemy. Pre-Greek learning does not know this style, it relies on lists, examples and recipes.