Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, Grade *Secondary

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, Grade *Secondary DOCUMENT RESUME ED 051 158 SP 007 212 TITLE Language Arts Guide. Kindergarten-Level Twelve. INSTITUTION Hazelwood School District, 80. PUB DATE 69 NOTE 145p. BOBS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS Creative wtiting, *Curriculum Guides, Debate, Dramatics, *Elementary School. Curriculum, *English, French, German, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, Grade 12, Journalism, Kindergarten, *Language Arts, Latin, Listening, Reading, *Secondary Education, Spanish, Speaking, Writing ABSTRACT GRADES OR AGES: Grade K-12. SUBJECT HATTER: Language arts. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide has seven sections: 1)listening (K-12); 2) speaking (K-12); 3) reading (K-12); 4) writing (K-12); 5) spacial areas, including speech, dramatics, debate, creative writing, Latin, Spanish, French, German, journalism, and reading efficiency, for grades 7-12; 6) suggested lesson patterns; and 7) bibliography of suggested professional readings. The guide is mimeographed and spiral bound with a soft cover. ODJFCTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: Specific objectives stated in terms of studunt behaviors are listed at the beginning of each unit.A list of suggested activities for helping to achieve the desired stud41nt behaviors is given for each unit. The lesson patterns give more deta.Aed examples of activities. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Materials and resources are listed for each unit in the sections on special areas and lesson patterns, but not for the other sections. STUDENT ASSESSMENT: Evaluation questions are given for the other units in the section on special areas. Evaluation has been omitted from the other sections as it is intended that the meeting of the listed objectives should serve as a means of evaluation. (IBM) LANGUAGE ARTSGUIDE U.S. DEPARTMCNT OF HEALTH, EDUCE TIOM & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRO. DUCE° EXACTLY AS FECEIVEO FROM KINDERGARTEN - LEVEL TWELVE THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OFIJG- MATING IT POINTS OF VIEV/ OR OPIN- IONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDL! CATION POSITION OR POLICI HAZELWOOD SCHOOL DIS1RICT 7071 HOWDSRIEELL ROAD HAZELWOOD, XISSOURI 4.969 rsvissa TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vi COMMON MEADS OF LEARNING IN THE LANGUAGE ARTS ix ACKN0WLMGa2NTS xi INTRODUCTION-FOR THE TEACELM USING THIS GUIDE xii I. LISTENING Kindergarten 1 Level One 1 Level Two 2 Level Three 2 11 Level Your 3 Level Five 3 Level Six Level Seven Level Eight 5 Level Nine 5 Level Ten 6 Level Eleven 7 Level Twelve 7 II. SPEAKING Kindergarten 8 Level One 8 Level TUo 9 Level Three 9 Level Four 10 Level Five li Level Sic 11 Level Seven 12 Level Eight 13 Level Nine 13 Level Ten 14 Level Eleven 15 Level Twelve 16 READING Kindergarten 17 Level (,..e 18 Level TUD 19 Level Three 20 Level Four 21 Level Five 22 Level Six 23 Level Seven 24 Level tigttt 25 Level Niue 26 Level Tie 27 Level Slopeem 28 level Twelve 29 IV. 1111122Ne Itioderprtes )1 Level One.... 31 Level Two 32 Level three 33 Level reer 34 Level live 35 Levet Sin e 36 Level km. 38 Level might . 40 Level Kee 42 Level lie 43 Level glove 44 Level %Wes 46 ( V. SPECIAL AREAS SPEECH Level Seven 49 Level Eight 50 Level Teu 51 DRAMATICS Level Eleven 53 DEBATE Level Twelve 55 FOREIGN LANCJAGE Latin I 57 Latin II 58 Conversational Spanish -Level Seven 58 Conversational Spanish -Level Eight 59 Spanish I 60 Spanish II 61 Spanish III 63 Spanish IV 64 Conversational French-Level Seven 65 Conversational French-Level Eight 66 French I 67 French II 68 French III 68 French IV 69 German I 70 German II 71 German III 71 JOURNALISM Curriculuc for Beginning Journalise -Level Eleven 72 Curriculum for Advanced Journalism-Sigh School Newspaper 73 Yearbook 73 CREATIVE WRITING 74 READTIG EFFICIENCY 76 VI. SUGGESTED LESSON PATTERNS Kindergarten-Composing an Experience Chart 78 8indergarten4sing a Finger Play 78 LevelOno-Ctspootagan Experience Chart 79 Level Two-Story Writing 79 Level Three-Individual Story 80 Levels rout, Five, and Six-Composing Process 80 .Leval Four-Developing Listening Skills 82 level Five-S:ry Telling 82 level Six4eporta-Forma1 and Informal.. 83 Level Seven-Teaching the Fundamentals ox Individual Reports 84 Leval Seven-Spvaking4iroup II-Pronunciation and Diction 84 LevelSennamIteeding-Growp I 85 Level Seven- Writing -Group III 86 Level Seven, Eight, and Nima-ariting a Paragraph 87 Level Seven, light, and Mias.Civative Writing 88 LevolRight-TheOrel Report 88 Level Riett.Speaking 89 LevelEight-Writing-GroupII 90 Level. Nine - Listening ,.. 91 Level Nine - heading -Group ImOnit Plan for ROM AND JULIET 93 Level NimemCompoeition Rued on Literature 94 LevelKiso-Dovolopoontof Paragraph by Comparison 95 Writing - Suggested for Junior High Composition 97 Level Tea - Writing theParagraph 96 Level Ten-Reading sad Writing 99 Level Tea-Pitfalls of Listening-Propaganda 100 LevelToo.Roodioia Mystery Story 100 LevelToo- LibraryUnit 102 Level feerWritiavDevelopment of Descriptive Paragraph 103 LevelAmen-Morleoliwo'holmforEffective COmmmnicetion 105 Levelliaven-Vritiag-bagpetedLeeson Pattertmfteearch Projects 106 LevelSlovvot-Looros PIttorodUe Clan= Leveltoolvo-nase liasysend Writing Precis lgg Level leelveMReadiagmiPootrY 110 Level Twolvome Critical Paper 111 Levelhoolvo-Writiog-loprovesevatin Written Repression 112 3 iv SUO0-2.STLM LESSON PATTERNS-SPECIAL AREAS Level Seven -Speech -Mechanics of Speech . 113 Leval Eight -Speech-Broadosating (Optional Unit) 114 Level Eight-Conversational Spanish 116 Spanish I 118 Spanish II 119 Trench I-Lesson Pattern for One Week 122 VII.BIBLIOORAPHY ,vofessional Readings 124 Periodicals 126 Supplement to Professional Reading 127 OMMON LEARNINGS 11 11 HAZELWOOD 11 SCHOOL DISTRICT 11 Il 11 Il KINDERGARTEN 1 PREFACE These general guidelinea are designed to facilitate the learning process which is a continuous development on the pat of th:, learner. With the realization that all do not learn at the same rate, or with the same capability, the teacher must be cogaizant of individual differences. To commnicate man's heritage from generation to goner tion and to insure an orderly development of human civilization, there is common knowledge that must be learned by each generation. It is the intention to instill in the very young these common learninga and, in a sequential manner, guide their 4evslopmeat through the various levels of learning. In the broadest sense knowledge may be thought of as those concepts, attitudes, skills, and farts that provide ar individual with en understanding of ids heritage to the present, and to guide hie endeavors in the future. The teaching-learning process will be determined by the knowledge to be learned and the capability of an individual to ?earn that knowledge. The teacher ie one of the key figures in accomplishing the purpoae of the school.Teaching is an art utilized by one individual to influence another individual toward inquiry into, and &equita- tion of knowledge.Thus, the teacher is a mature, professional individual guiding the learning process to assure maximum growth and development of the individual student. The other key role in the teaching-learning process is that of the learner.This key person may be towelled as en active participant in processes toward inquiry into, and the acquisition of knowledge. Participation in these processes involves self - responsibility for learning on the part of the individual to the limit of his or her capabilities. As an individual progresses through the years of formal elementary and secondary education, the knowledge outlined in the guidelines le to be exemplified on various levels.That ie, the se- quence of instructional and learning activities are aimed at the continuous development of the common threads of learning in depth and breadth on the various levels.The concepts, attitudes, &kills, and facts as outlined in the guidelines are ca be taught to children within the scope of their understanding throughout the shool in grades kindergarten through twelve. 6 vi COMMON THREADS OF LEARNING LANGUAGE ARTS I. LISTENING A. Learn to adapt one's self to a listeningsituation: 1. Adapt physically 2.Adapt mentally 3. Adapt socially B. Learn to critically observe, analyze, synthesize, assimilate, and react heard: to what is 1. Recognize a /speaker's background 2. as reflected directly or indirectly in hisspeech Recognize the speaker's technique ofpersuasion 3. Interpret the spoken word 4. Draw inferences 5. Evaluate and react in the light of theindividual's needs and purpoeas C. Learn discriminative and appreciativelistening: 1. Develop auditory discrimination throughmass media. 2. Refine auditory perception 3.Realise aesthetic values through listening D. Learn to listen to fulfill apurpose: 1. Adapt to auditory stimuli 2. Become involved with auditory stimuli E. Learn to become aware of Ones humanitarianobligations II. SPEAKI:10 A. Learn the mechanics of speaking: 1, Use proper enunciation 2. Use correct prormuciation 3. Use inflection 4. Use modulation 5. Use tempo 6. Use voice projection 7. 030 gesticulation 3. Learn to organism .se's thoup*ts beforespeaking: 1. Define one's purpose 2. Determine knowledge about one'spurpose 3. Determine ;:,par sequence ci ideas C. Learn to smarmy one's thoughts precisely, purpuot and/or concisely in accordancewith one's 1. Select vocabulary 2. Use muted language 3.gee proper syntax 4.Use voice mechanics D. Learn aesthetic discrimination ofself - expression through spooking: 1. Refine diction ' " 2. Re'llise the vane of aesthetics forself and otters 3. C..,... sad/or treat subject R. Leas to develop adaptability to speaking in various situations: 1. bee language appropriately 2. Dowse sensitive to the audios.* 3.Cosaider the dignity mud worth of others 4. Dederatend opeielogical implications indeveloping adoptability to various speaking aituatices F. Leers to become aware (domes humanitarian obligations 7 III. READING A. Loam to interpret what is read: 1. Critically analyze the printed page 2. Recognize the author's background as reflected directly or indirectly in his work 3.
Recommended publications
  • Minimal Pronouns, Logophoricity and Long-Distance Reflexivisation in Avar
    Minimal pronouns, logophoricity and long-distance reflexivisation in Avar* Pavel Rudnev Revised version; 28th January 2015 Abstract This paper discusses two morphologically related anaphoric pronouns inAvar (Avar-Andic, Nakh-Daghestanian) and proposes that one of them should be treated as a minimal pronoun that receives its interpretation from a λ-operator situated on a phasal head whereas the other is a logophoric pro- noun denoting the author of the reported event. Keywords: reflexivity, logophoricity, binding, syntax, semantics, Avar 1 Introduction This paper has two aims. One is to make a descriptive contribution to the crosslin- guistic study of long-distance anaphoric dependencies by presenting an overview of the properties of two kinds of reflexive pronoun in Avar, a Nakh-Daghestanian language spoken natively by about 700,000 people mostly living in the North East Caucasian republic of Daghestan in the Russian Federation. The other goal is to highlight the relevance of the newly introduced data from an understudied lan- guage to the theoretical debate on the nature of reflexivity, long-distance anaphora and logophoricity. The issue at the heart of this paper is the unusual character of theanaphoric system in Avar, which is tripartite. (1) is intended as just a preview with more *The present material was presented at the Utrecht workshop The World of Reflexives in August 2011. I am grateful to the workshop’s audience and participants for their questions and comments. I am indebted to Eric Reuland and an anonymous reviewer for providing valuable feedback on the first draft, as well as to Yakov Testelets for numerous discussions of anaphora-related issues inAvar spanning several years.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertations, Department of Linguistics
    UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics Title Reflexivization: A Study in Universal Syntax Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sv079tk Author Faltz, Leonard M Publication Date 1977 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph end reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will finda good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap.
    [Show full text]
  • On Structure and Semantics of Reflexive Constructions in English
    Linguistics and Literature Studies 4(6): 428-432, 2016 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/lls.2016.040606 On Structure and Semantics of Reflexive Constructions in English Yelena Mkhitaryan1,*, Loretta Bazikyan2 1Faculty of Foreign languages, Kh. Abovyan Armenian State Pedagogical University, Armenia 2Yerevan Brusov State University of Languages and Social Sciences, Armenia Copyright©2016 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Reflexive or self-pronouns make up inherent used for emphasis. In both cases they are coreferent with an part of reflexive constructions in English. They have a dual element of the sentence they relate to. function in the sentence: they are used as indicators of the It is worth mentioning that reflexive pronouns used in the category of reflexivity and as intensifiers used for emphasis. second function are singled out by some linguists as a In both cases they express the relation between the separate group entitled emphatic pronouns. (3,185-187; 4, participants of the event that refer to the same entity. But if in 104 ; 5, 46; 6, 41-42; 7, 246-247). G. Veikhman describes the first case this relation can be described as that of the them as morphological homonyms to reflexive pronouns (5, subject and the object, the same cannot be said about 40-41). We think this kind of approach contradicts the intensifiers. The latter’s role is limited by giving an extra accepted principles of classification of parts of speech which force or importance to the element of the sentence it relates take into account not only the functional, but semantic and to.
    [Show full text]
  • Influences on Parsing Ambiguity
    NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Influences on Parsing Ambiguity A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Field of Linguistics By Lauren Marie Ackerman EVANSTON, ILLINOIS December 2015 2 c Copyright by Lauren Marie Ackerman 2015 All Rights Reserved 3 ABSTRACT Influences on Parsing Ambiguity Lauren Marie Ackerman The primary goal of this dissertation is to characterize the relative strength of two of the influences on the parser's behavior during ambiguity resolution: coreference dependency formation and verb frame preference. I find that coreference dependency formation exerts a stronger influence on the parser than does verb frame preference, even when verb frame preference is maximized in transitively biased frames. Previous studies have shown local attachment bias initially directs the parser to an embedded object analysis in sentences like (1), in which the DP Annie's melody is locally ambiguous between the embedded object (EO)/matrix subject (MS) analyses (Ferreira and Henderson, 1990). (1) Whenever she was trying to casually hum Annie's melody was beautiful. Additionally, (1) contains a cataphoric pronoun she which triggers an active search for an antecedent, whereby the parser seeks the antecedent only in grammatically sanctioned positions, such as where the antecedent is not c-commanded by the pronoun (Kazanina 4 et al., 2007; van Gompel and Liversedge, 2003). In (1), the closest potential antecedent is Annie. However, it can be the antecedent only if the DP that contains it is analyzed as the MS, thus outside the whenever-clause and not c-commanded by she. A bias toward an early cataphoric dependency formation could lead the parser to analyze the ambiguous DP as the MS.
    [Show full text]
  • 79. Copular Clauses£
    79. Copular clauses£ Line Mikkelsen October 1, 2008 This article provides an overview of research on copular clauses, focussing on three questions. First, how many types of copular clauses there are, second, what meaning is contributed by the copula, and third, what so- called connectivity e ects tell us about the structure of copular clauses. 1. Introduction Copular clauses are a minor sentence type in which the contentful predicate is not a verb, but some other category like AP, NP or PP. In some languages there is no verbal element at all in these clauses; in other languages there is a verbal copula joining the subject and the non-verbal element. Copular clauses (of the verbal and of the non-verbal kind) come in a great variety of forms and intuitively seem to express di erent kinds of information. The English examples in (1) provide a rst illustration of the range of variation. (1) a. Emily is a carpenter. b. What Harvey did next was wash himself thoroughly. c. Electronically is usually fastest. (Partee 1986:(5g)) d. That's my brother. e. Red is my favorite color. f. My favorite color is red. g. The only thing we couldn't agree on was whether we should go to France rst. This article is structured around three central questions in the investigation of copular clauses. The rst question, which I will call the taxonomy question, is how many kinds of copular clauses there are. Intuitively the copular clauses in (1) are di erent in various respects (and the list could easily be expanded) and the taxonomy £To appear in Klaus von Heusinger, Claudia Maienborn, and Paul Portner (eds.) Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language Meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study in Language Change
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Honors Theses Lee Honors College 4-17-2013 Glottopoeia: A Case Study in Language Change Ian Hollenbaugh Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses Part of the Other English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hollenbaugh, Ian, "Glottopoeia: A Case Study in Language Change" (2013). Honors Theses. 2243. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/honors_theses/2243 This Honors Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Lee Honors College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Elementary Ghau Aethauic Grammar By Ian Hollenbaugh 1 i. Foreword This is an essential grammar for any serious student of Ghau Aethau. Mr. Hollenbaugh has done an excellent job in cataloguing and explaining the many grammatical features of one of the most complex language systems ever spoken. Now published for the first time with an introduction by my former colleague and premier Ghau Aethauic scholar, Philip Logos, who has worked closely with young Hollenbaugh as both mentor and editor, this is sure to be the definitive grammar for students and teachers alike in the field of New Classics for many years to come. John Townsend, Ph.D Professor Emeritus University of Nunavut 2 ii. Author’s Preface This grammar, though as yet incomplete, serves as my confession to what J.R.R. Tolkien once called “a secret vice.” History has proven Professor Tolkien right in thinking that this is not a bizarre or freak occurrence, undergone by only the very whimsical, but rather a common “hobby,” one which many partake in, and have partaken in since at least the time of Hildegard of Bingen in the twelfth century C.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 10. Pronouns and Reflexives II
    Corrected version April 21 Formal Semantics and Anaphora, Lecture 10 Corrected version April 21 Formal Semantics and Anaphora, Lecture 10 Barbara H. Partee, RGGU, April 15, 2008 p. 1 Barbara H. Partee, RGGU, April 15, 2008 p. 2 Lecture 10. Pronouns and Reflexives II: Varieties of reflexives, Our main issues: ¾ How do the syntactic binding conditions relate to the semantics of anaphora? What happens varieties of binding theories when we distinguish “bound variable anaphora” from “coreference” and/or “pragmatic anaphora”? 1. Is the distribution of “pronouns” and “anaphors” complementary? ....................................................................1 1.1. Background (from the last two lectures)..........................................................................................................1 1.2. The “complementarity question” and “domains”..............................................................................................2 ¾ More distinctions: different kinds of reflexives, various properties of anaphoric expressions 2. Kinds of reflexives..............................................................................................................................................6 in various languages. What’s the full range of syntactic anaphoric expressions, what’s the 2.1. Logophoricity ...................................................................................................................................................6 full range of semantic (or semantic and pragmatic) varieties of anaphora, and how
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Reflexive Pronoun?
    G.D. GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SRINAGAR Subject: English Aspect: Home Assignment Topic: Grammar: Pronouns Date: 02-05-2020 Name: ___________________ Grade/Sec.: VII_________ In this module we shall take up the following types of pronouns: • Reflexive Pronouns • Emphatic Pronouns 1. Reflexive Pronouns: What Is a Reflexive Pronoun? Reflexive pronouns are words ending in -self or -selves that are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same (e.g., I believe in myself) The nine English reflexive pronouns are: singular: myself yourself himself herself itself plural: ourselves yourselves themselves In English grammar, a reflexive pronoun indicates that the person who is the doer of the action is also the recipient of the action. We use a reflexive pronoun as a direct object when the object is the same as the subject of the verb. Example, • I am teaching myself to play the piano. • Be careful with that knife. You might cut yourself. • You are too young to go out by yourselves. 2. Emphatic Pronouns: Emphatic pronouns are compound personal pronouns such as 'himself', 'myself' and 'yourself' used for emphasis. An emphasising pronoun is an emphatic pronoun which is used to emphasis who does the action in a particular sentence. Example: I will build the house myself. We will watch the show ourselves. You yourself can tell us about the situation. Difference between emphatic and reflexive pronouns: The reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, himself, herself, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. The emphatic pronouns are the same collection of words. The difference is in what they are used for.
    [Show full text]
  • From Phonology to Grammar. (Commentary)
    Commentary on ‘Variations in Phonological Working Memory: Linking Early Language Experiences and Language Learning Outcomes’ by L. Pierce, F. Genesee, A. Delcenserie & G. Morgan; to appear in Applied Psycholinguistics in 2017. Working Memory and Language: From Phonology to Grammar William O’Grady Pierce et al. are right to suggest that working memory is a crucial part of the machinery underlying linguistic development. In this brief commentary, I will move beyond the emergence of phonological representations, on which Pierce et al.’s essay focuses, and consider ways in which working memory shapes the character and acquisition of grammatical phenomena, a topic that has been explored in various ways in the recent literature (e.g., O’Grady, 2005, 2015; Chater & Christiansen, 2010; Hawkins, 2014). A first illustration of the role of working memory in grammar involves the typology of word order and the question of why verb-initial and verb-medial languages such as English favor prepositions over postpositions, whereas the reverse preference is found in verb-final languages such as Korean. (1)a. English: b. Korean: at school hakkyo-eyse school-at A promising explanation, developed in detail by Hawkins (2014:14ff), is that each language type seeks to reduce the burden on working memory by minimizing the distance between the verb and the pre/postposition with which it is associated. (2) Maximally economical (and typologically common) a. Prepositions in a V-initial/medial lg. b. Postpositions in a V-final lg. study [at school] [ school at] study V P P V | | | | (3) Less economical (and typologically uncommon) a. Postpositions in a V-initial/medial lg.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from Korean Reflexive Caki
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2019 Cue-based reflexive reference resolution: Evidence from Korean reflexive caki Namseok Yong The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3287 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] CUE-BASED REFLEXIVE REFERENCE RESOLUTION: EVIDENCE FROM KOREAN REFLEXIVE CAKI by NAMSEOK YONG A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in the Linguistics Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2019 i © 2019 NAMSEOK YONG All Rights Reserved ii Cue-based reflexive reference resolution: Evidence from Korean reflexive caki by Namseok Yong This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in the Linguistics Program in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _____________________ ________________________________________________ Date Irina A. Sekerina, Ph.D. Chair of Examining Committee _____________________ ________________________________________________ Date Gita Martohardjono, Ph.D. Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Jason Kandybowicz, Ph.D. William McClure, Ph.D. Jiwon Yun, Ph.D. THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Cue-based reflexive reference resolution: Evidence from Korean reflexive caki by Namseok Yong Advisor: Irina A. Sekerina, Ph.D. This dissertation aims to reveal cognitive mechanisms and factors that underlie the reflexive dependency formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Prosody and Context on the Comprehension of Syntactic Ambiguity in English and Korean
    EFFECTS OF PROSODY AND CONTEXT ON THE COMPREHENSION OF SYNTACTIC AMBIGUITY IN ENGLISH AND KOREAN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Soyoung Kang, B.A. M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Shari R. Speer, Adviser Professor Mary E. Beckman Professor Mineharu Nakayama Adviser Graduate Program in Linguistics ABSTRACT This study investigates how prosodic and contextual information affects the way syntactically am- biguous sentences in English and Korean are understood in spoken language comprehension. En- glish materials used include rarely studied present participial constructions. Korean materials in- clude a type of relative clause that contains empty pronouns as one of arguments, a structure that was never examined before. When these sentence materials were presented without biasing con- texts, results showed that prosodic phrasing largely determined meaning assignment. These results extended previous research that demonstrated prosodic effects on syntactically ambiguous struc- tures. Results from experiments that manipulated both prosodic and contextual information showed that prosodic information was still effective even in the presence of biasing contextual information. Taken together, these results demonstrate the robust effect of prosodic information and necessitate the inclusion of prosodic component in any model of spoken language processing. ii To my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank Shari Speer, Mary Beckman, and Mineharu Nakayama, whom I was really glad to have on my committee; I could not have wished for a better committee. Throughout the whole period of working on this dissertation, Shari has been incredibly supportive and encouraging and without her guidance and help, this work would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • PRONOUNS (4) Personal Pronouns, Object Pronouns, Reflexive
    PRONOUNS (4) Personal Pronouns, Object Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns (02) In context 3 min What is a personal pronoun? Laura is happy This fish is yellow The boy sells lemonade She is happy It is yellow He sells it Personal Pronouns 17 min A personal pronoun represents a person, an animal, a place, an object or an idea. It replaces a noun. There are 2 types of personal pronouns: subjective pronouns and objective pronouns. A subjective pronoun is the subject in the sentence. Subjective Pronoun Example I I am nice you (singular or plural) you are nice he (male) he is nice she (female) she is nice it (neuter) it is nice we we are nice they they are nice An objective pronoun is the object in the sentence. Objective Pronoun Example me Tom likes me you (singular or plural) Tom likes you him (male) Tom likes him her (female) Tom likes her it (neuter) Tom likes it us Tom likes us them Tom likes them „it‟ is used in the neuter, that is to say for animals, places, objects or ideas. But there are exceptions. Ships are often referred to as females. Sometimes, we say „he/him‟ or „she/her‟ for a pet or an object, if we have feelings for them. Examples: Max is our dog, he is part of the family. I would love to go on The Queen Mary II, she is such an amazing ship. I am crazy crazy about my car, I treat her like my wife. When the object pronoun is the same as the subject pronoun, we use a reflexive pronoun.
    [Show full text]