Lo Monstruoso En Los Vídeos Musicales De Floria Sigismondi Y Chris Cunningham En Los Años Noventa (1993-1999)

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Lo Monstruoso En Los Vídeos Musicales De Floria Sigismondi Y Chris Cunningham En Los Años Noventa (1993-1999) Lo monstruoso en los vídeos musicales de Floria Sigismondi y Chris Cunningham en los años noventa (1993-1999) Pau Pascual Galbis UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA FACULTAD DE BELLAS ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE ESCULTURA LO MONSTRUOSO EN LOS VÍDEOS MUSICALES DE FLORIA SIGISMONDI Y CHRIS CUNNINGHAM EN LOS AÑOS NOVENTA (1993-1999) Tesis Doctoral presentada por: Pau Pascual Galbis Dirigida por: Dr. Miguel Molina Alarcón Valencia, julio del 2011 Esta editorial es miembro de la UNE, lo que garantiza la difusión y comercialización de sus publicaciones a nivel nacional e internacional. © Pau Pascual Galbis, 2011 Primera edición, 2011 © de la presente edición: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València www.editorial.upv.es ISBN: 978-84-695-0692-9 Ref. editorial: 5511 Queda prohibida la reproducción, distribución, comercialización, transformación, y en general, cualquier otra forma de explotación, por cualquier procedimiento, de todo o parte de los contenidos de esta obra sin autorización expresa y por escrito de sus autores. A Hana y Aniol Agradecimientos: A mi familia, Elisa, Pep y David; a la estimable ayuda efectuada por mi Director de la tesis, Miguel Molina Alarcón en los momentos más difíciles; a Pilar Pedraza por esclarecerme el camino y dirigirme el trabajo de investigación, al igual que también menciono el apoyo de mi tutor Vicente Ortiz Sausor en la tesina. Además quisiera agradecer a título personal su contribución en esta disertación: a Patrick Burke, Nigel Balfour, Bernabé Gómez, Pedro Ortuño, Joan Josep Mussarra, Marta Pérez-Yarza, Atsuko Arai, Felip González y Laura Frahm. Por último nombrar también a los que colaboraron en el vídeo, como Joan Urrios, Marta Migula, La Fábrica Naranja y EEDL. Resumen (castellano) LO MONSTRUOSO EN LOS VÍDEOS MUSICALES DE FLORIA SIGISMONDI Y CHRIS CUNNINGHAM EN LOS AÑOS NOVENTA (1993-1999) La presente tesis doctoral emprende la investigación de lo monstruoso y sus implicaciones de carácter ideológico, estético y político, especialmente desarrollado en los vídeos musicales de Floria Sigismondi y Chris Cunningham en la década de los noventa. En ese período en concreto nace una nueva generación de directores de videoclips, que ya no se encuentran en el anonimato, como sucedía en los ochenta, ahora son conocidos y respetados, además de transgredir frecuentemente las reglas del marketing promocional del clip estandarizado. Directores, entre otros, como Michel Gondry, Chris Cunningham, Spike Jonze y Floria Sigismondi, estarían dentro de esta lista privilegiada. Por lo demás, estos respectivos realizadores en general trabajan misceláneos ámbitos estilísticos fronterizos, la ultrafragmentación, la intertextualidad y las narraciones figurativas no lineales. Nuestro objetivo es proponer un corpus teórico interdisciplinar que determine las consecuencias que origina lo abominable en el lenguaje fluctuante del videoclip de esos respectivos autores, y sus analogías con otras corrientes del pensamiento postmoderno; a la vez que nos permiten ofrecer nuevas interpretaciones transversales sobre la ideación corporal inverosímil. A nivel metodológico hemos partido del estudio de la monstruosidad histórica y sobre todo de la cinematografía de terror como antecedente de la otredad somática en movimiento, de la cuál formulamos la hipótesis de que el concepto de lo teratológico contemporáneo aplicado al videoclip de factura grotesca; es similar en muchos aspectos al mencionado cine de género, especialmente desde la vertiente del psicoanálisis. Igualmente hemos utilizado el análisis estético aplicado a los videoclips de Carol Vernallis, el concepto de la audiovisión definido por Michel Chion, las teorías de Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva, Gérard Lenne y Friedrich Nietzsche, entre otros, para la disertación en profundidad de las obras videográficas. Además, hemos empleado variadas publicaciones y artículos provechosos para la tesis, procedentes de las artes visuales, la sociología, la antropología, la pedagogía social, la psicología, la musicología y la semiótica. Los resultados logrados en esta tesis surgen de la semántica del vídeo musical artístico interrelacionada con el discurso de la alteración, ya esté presente en la imagen, sonido, ruido, texto o gesto; donde se logra acceder al otro yo del hombre, que es en cierto sentido un espejo deformado de nuestro interior, una gnosis siniestra que profundiza en lo más salvaje y atávico de nuestra existencia humana. Acercándonos por consiguiente, a la experiencia interior formulada por George Bataille, en donde se alcanzan los límites de lo posible. Al respecto de este resultado, los artistas Sigismondi y Cunningham, destacan por trazar en cada uno de sus videoclips, unas significaciones dionisíacas de ficción, que infringen sobremanera los valores establecidos, mediante cyborgs , engendros toxicómanos, monstruos políticos, protagonistas abyectos, ritmos enfermos, espacios aberrantes, y letras perturbadas. A lo sumo, estas concepciones ignominiosas de diferente índole, nos facilitan la posibilidad de elaborar nuevas enunciaciones de lo teratológico en un ámbito de comunicación audiovisual de masas completamente reciente, como es el vídeo musical promocional. Al mismo tiempo, que también se accede a una lectura específica de las figuraciones monstruosas establecidas por la síncresis de la imagen y la acústica en sincronía con el tiempo. Resum (valencià) ALLÒ MONSTRUÓS EN ELS VÍDEOS MUSICALS DE FLORIA SIGISMONDI I CHRIS CUNNINGHAM EN ELS ANYS NORANTA (1993-1999) La present tesi doctoral encoratja la investigació del fet monstruós i les seues implicacions de caràcter ideològic, estètic i polític, especialment desenvolupat en els vídeos musicals de Floria Sigismondi i Chris Cunningham en la dècada dels noranta. En eixe període, en concret, naix una nova generació de directors de videoclips coneguts i respectats, que superant l’anonimat dels creadors dels huitanta, s’atrevixen a transgredir sovint les regles del màrqueting promocional del clip estandaritzat. Directors entre d’altres com Michel Gondry, Chris Cunningham, Spike Jonze i Floria Sigismondi, s’hi encabirien dins d'esta llista privilegiada. D'altra banda, cadascun dels respectius realitzadors treballen, en general, sobre els miscel·lanis àmbits estilístics fronterers, la ultrafragmentació, la intertextualitat i les narracions figuratives no lineals. El nostre objectiu és proposar un corpus teòric interdisciplinari que determine les conseqüències que origina allò abominable en el llenguatge fluctuant del videoclip d'eixos respectius autors, i les seues analogies amb altres corrents del pensament postmodern; al mateix temps que ens permeten oferir noves interpretacions transversals sobre la ideació corporal inversemblant. A nivell metodològic, hem partit de l'estudi de la monstruositat històrica i, sobretot, de la cinematografia de terror, com a antecedent de l'alteritat somàtica en moviment. Sobre aquest darrer aspecte, formulem la hipòtesi que el concepte del teratològic contemporani, aplicat al videoclip de factura grotesca, és semblant en molts aspectes al mencionat cine de gènere, especialment, des del vessant de la psicoanàlisi. Igualment, a l’hora de portar a terme la dissertació en profunditat de les obres videogràfiques, hem fet servir l'anàlisi d’estètica aplicada als videoclips de Carol Vernallis, el concepte de l'audiovisió definit per Michel Chion, les teories de Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva, Gérard Lenne i Friedrich Nietzsche, entre d’altres. A més, hem emprat variades publicacions i articles profitosos per a la tesi, procedents de les arts visuals, la sociologia, l'antropologia, la pedagogia social, la psicologia, la musicologia i la semiòtica. Els resultats aconseguits en esta tesi, sorgixen de la semàntica del vídeo musical artístic, interrelacionada amb el discurs de l'alteració, ja estiga present en la imatge, so, soroll, text o gest; on s'aconseguix accedir a l'altre jo de l'home, que és, en un cert sentit, un espill deformat del nostre interior, una gnosi sinistra que aprofundeix en el més salvatge i atàvic de la nostra existència humana. Per consegüent, acostant-nos a l'experiència interior formulada per George Bataille, és on s'aconseguixen els límits d’allò possible. En aquest context, artistes com Sigismondi i Cunningham, destaquen per haver traçat en cadascun dels seus videoclips, unes significacions dionisíaques de ficció que infringeixen en gran mesura els valors establerts, mitjançant cyborgs , monstres toxicòmans, monstres polítics, protagonistes abjectes, ritmes malalts, espais aberrants, i lletres pertorbades. Com a màxim, estes concepcions ignominioses de diferent índole, ens faciliten la possibilitat d'elaborar noves enunciacions teratològiques, és a dir, un àmbit de comunicació audiovisual de masses completament recent, com en el cas del vídeo musical promocional. Alhora, també s'accedeix a una lectura específica de les figuracions monstruoses, establertes a partir de la sincresi de la imatge i una sincronitzada acústica amb el temps. Abstract (english) THE MONSTROUSNESS IN THE MUSIC VIDEOS OF FLORIA SIGISMONDI AND CHRIS CUNNINGHAM IN THE 90’S (1993-1999) The present doctoral thesis undertakes the investigation of monstrousness and its ideological, aesthetic and political implications which developed especially in the music videos of Floria Sigismondi and Chris Cunningham in the 90s. In that period in particular a new generation of music video directors appears that are no longer anonymous like in the 80s- now they are well-known and respected,
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