Een Aantal Ontmoetingen Met De Arizona Black Rattlesnake Crotalus Cerberus (Coues, 1875)

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Een Aantal Ontmoetingen Met De Arizona Black Rattlesnake Crotalus Cerberus (Coues, 1875) EEN AANTAL ONTMOETINGEN MET DE ARIZONA BLACK RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS CERBERUS (COUES, 1875) SOME ENCOUNTERS WITH THE ARIZONA BLACK RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS CERBERUS (COUES, 1875) Bernd Skubowius Bernd Skubowius www.pinesnake.de www.pinesnake.de Crotalus cerberus van de familie Viperidae, The Crotalus cerberus of the family Viperi- subfamilie Crotalinae is een donkergekleur- dae, subfamily Crotalinae is a dark coloured de ratelslang van gemiddelde grootte, die midsize rattlesnake that is rarely seen in na- men zelden tegenkomt, niet in de natuur ture and terrariums. It seldom grows more en niet in terraria. Deze ratelslang wordt than a few cm larger than one meter and vrijwel nooit groter dan één meter en heeft normally has 25-46 dark brown to black normaal gesproken 25-46 donkerbruine tot saddle-shaped blotches on a dark gray- zwarte zadelvormige vlekken op een don- brown to black background. Some individu- kergrijsbruin tot zwarte achtergrond. Een als and local forms retain thin white, yellow enkeling en een paar lokale soorten behou- or orange bands on the back and body side den tussen de vlekken dunne witte, gele of between the blotches. It is reminiscent of oranje banden op de rug en zijkant van het the juvenile pattern and colouration, which lichaam. Het doet denken aan het patroon have the dark brown blotches on white to en de kleur van de jongen, die donkerbrui- light grey ground colour. With the ontoge- ne vlekken hebben met een witte tot licht- netic colour and pattern change from the grijze basiskleur. Met de ontogenetische young snakes to adults, most Crotalus cer- kleurenpatroon dat verandert bij overgang berus lose their patterns and become uni- van juveniel naar volwassenen, verliezen de coloured black. The colour change takes a meeste Crotalus cerberus hun patronen en long time and often is not fully finished until houden een volledig zwarte kleur over. De the age of six to seven years (pers. com. verandering in kleur duurt lang en is vaak Kapschak). Colouration gradually darkens niet voltooid vóór een leeftijd van zes tot as the animal ages. The chin and belly is zeven jaar (mededeling van Kapschak). De normally cream coloured to grey. kleur wordt langzaam aan donkerder naar- mate het dier ouder wordt. De kin en buik They inhabit the central mountains of Ari- zijn normaliter crèmekleurig tot grijs. zona, along and below the Mogollon Rim, through the White Mountains, and down Ze komen voor in de gebergten van Arizo- into the Pinaleño, Galiuro, Santa Catalina na, langs en onder de Mogollonranden, in and Rincons (www.reptilesofaz.org). Fur- de White Mountains, de Pinaleño, Galiuro, thermore they occur in a small area in west- Santa Catalina en Rincons ern New Mexico and they always live at high (www.reptilesofaz.org). Verder komen ze elevations, between 1200 and 3000 m. voor in een klein gebied van West-New- Mexico en ze leven altijd in hogergelegen They are mainly diurnal but can be active gebieden, tussen de 1200 en 3000 m. Ze around the clock when conditions are good zijn over het algemeen dagactief, maar kun- enough. LITTERATURA SERPENTIUM 2012 165 JAARGANG/VOLUME 32 NUMMER/NO.4 Biotoop Crotalus cerberus. Foto-Photo Bernd Skubowius nen de klok rond actief zijn als de condities The Arizona black rattlesnake eats small goed genoeg zijn. mammals, lizards and birds. It gives birth to 4-6 young in late summer (www.reptileso- De Arizona Black Rattlesnake eet kleine faz.org, Rubio2010). Because of the short zoogdieren, hagedissen en vogels. Ze be- season in higher elevations, they tend to valt in de late zomer gewoonlijk van vier give birth only every 2-3 years. Following a tot zes jongen (www.reptilesofaz.org Ru- report of RUBIO 2010, with details of mating bio 2010). Doordat de seizoenen kort zijn during the summer monsoons (that come in de hogergelegen gebieden, vindt er over in July/August every year), I suspect sperm het algemeen om de twee tot drie jaar een storing overwinter or an overwinter preg- geboorte plaats. Naar aanleiding van een nancy of the snake, as we know from other rapport van Rubio 2010, met details van species e.g. the northern Crotalus horridus paringen gedurende de zomermoessonre- (Ducey et al 2007). gens (die plaatsvinden in juli-augustus van elk jaar), vermoed ik dat het gaat om opslag Remarkable is that comparable to Crotalus van sperma, of een zwangerschap van de molossus and Crotalus horridus, the young slang gedurende de winter, zoals bekend Crotalus cerberus stay near their parents van andere soorten zoals de noordelijke for up to three years. In the terrarium they Crotalus horridus (Ducey et al 2007). tend to mate in spring and here this species is normally able to give birth to their young Opmerkelijk is dat in vergelijking met Crota- in the year of insemination. Sometimes they lus molossus en Crotalus horridus, de jon- mate again in autumn with the possibility of ge Crotalus cerberus tot wel drie jaar in de a fertile litter the next Summer. In the ter- LITTERATURA SERPENTIUM 2012 166 JAARGANG/VOLUME 32 NUMMER/NO.4 buurt van de ouders blijft. In het terrarium rarium they are long lived and calm inhab- neigen ze te paren in het voorjaar en is deze itants (pers. com. Kapschak). Its venom is soort normaliter in staat om te bevallen in potent, with mainly haemotoxic properties het jaar van de bevruchting. Soms paren and every bite to a person should be treat- ze nogmaals in de herfst, met de mogelijk- ed by a doctor as soon as possible. heid tot een vruchtbaar nest in de volgende zomer. In het terrarium leven ze lang en In former years this species was regarded zijn het kalme bewoners (mededeling van as a subspecies of the Prarie Rattlesnake Kapschak). Het gif is krachtig, met hoofd- Crotalus viridis, then it was transferred to the zakelijk haemotoxische eigenschappen en Western rattlesnake Crotalus oreganus com- elke beet moet zo snel mogelijk behandeld plex following POOK et al. 2000. But because worden door een arts. of prominent differences in the DNA only two years later it was elevated to species status. In vorige jaren werd deze soort gezien als (http://www.reptile-database.org) een subsoort van de Prarie Rattlesnake Crotalus viridis. Hierna is ze geclassificeerd During my vacation 2011, I encountered onder de Western rattlesnake Crotalus ore- this species at 2 different places in Arizona ganus volgens Pook et al. 2000. Maar door and I will write some lines about it. Here I de prominente verschillen in het DNA werd begin with the first find. ze na nog geen twee jaar geclassificeerd als een soort. (http://www.reptile-database.org) On June 13th I came to the area of Prescott in Central Arizona. The town Prescott lays Gedurende mijn vakantie in 2011, ben ik on an elevation of 1600m and is located deze soort tegen gekomen op twee ver- south of the Grand Canyon. The tempera- Crotalus cerberus. Foto-Photo Bernd Skubowius. LITTERATURA SERPENTIUM 2012 167 JAARGANG/VOLUME 32 NUMMER/NO.4 schillende locaties in Arizona en ik zal er tures were mildly warm – up to 28°C day- hier wat over schrijven. Hier begin ik met de long – and it was sunny. The weather was eerste ontmoeting. dry and all plants and animals waited for the soon coming summer monsoons. Op de 13 juni kwam ik in het gebied van Prescott in Central Arizona. Het plaatsje In the afternoon I checked some good look- Prescott ligt op een hoogte van 1600 m en ing places on hillsides and tops, beside an ligt ten zuiden van het Grand Canyon. De old street northeast of Prescott. The street temperaturen waren mild warm – tot aan started paved and became, after some 28°C gedurende de dag – en het was zon- miles, a dirt road. This unpaved stretch nig. Het was droog en alle planten en dieren was a recommendation of a friend of mine: waren aan het wachten op de binnenkort ‘There you can find e.g. Lampropeltis py- komende zomermoessonregen. In de na- romelana – maybe more …’. In this area of middag ben ik gaan kijken op een aantal Arizona live dozens of snake species, so mooie plekken bij hellingen en heuveltop- my chance to see something was not bad. pen, naast een oude weg ten noordoosten van Prescott. De weg begon bestraat en In the lowlands there were open range cat- na een paar kilometer veranderde deze in tle meadows but the cows avoid the rocky een onverharde weg. Deze onverharde weg areas. I climbed up some prominent hill- was aangeraden door een vriend van me: tops but only saw some lizards and small ‘Daar kan je Lampropeltis pyromelana vin- mammals there. No snakes were active this den – en misschien wel meer …’. In dit ge- afternoon. Some rocks and mammal bur- bied van Arizona leeft een dozijn verschil- rows gave great shelter and I maintained lende soorten slangen, dus de kans dat ik my enthusiasm till sundown. When the iets zou tegenkomen was niet slecht. sun disappeared on the horizon it cooled down quickly and at 8 PM the air tempera- In de lagergelegen gebieden waren open ture reached 20°C and 23°C surface tem- veeweilanden, maar de koeien vermeden perature on the pavement of the dirt road. I de rotsachtige gebieden. Ik beklom een stopped my unsuccessful efforts to search aantal prominente heuveltoppen, maar for snakes with road hunting and drove zag alleen een paar hagedissen en kleine back to my hotel. zoogdieren. Er waren geen slangen actief in deze namiddag. Sommige stenen en ho- But next morning at 07:00 AM I was back on len van zoogdieren gaven de slangen goede this old road.
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