Plant List

Updated 4/28/2017 Pages !165 © 2017 Rosemary Caspary

Key: *cultivated at our garden, ** bought dried, eo- essential oil, ex- extract, io-infused oil

Information for educational purposes only and are not intended to replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation by Rosemary Caspary. Consult your health care professional for guidance.

Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Abiu, Pouteria Sapotaceae 9b to Fruit, varieties 1 to 4 Perennial, tree, looks astringent, anti- Caimito caimito Sapodilla 11 seeds, 1 seed similar to canistel, anemic, anti- better, Ztu: dose well in sandy or inflammatory rocky soil; can keep small compact tree, 33’, seed to fruit 3 years Acai Euterpe Perennial, palm tree, oleracea cold and soil sensitive, difficult to grow in S. FL; fruit hard, soften in water *Acoyo, Piper Piperaceae 8a to drink, egg, meat, Perennial, shrub, Leaf: anesthetic, Root Beer auritum Pepper 11 stew, tamales, partial to full shade, stomach disorders Plant, Hoja wrap; Mole Verde moist soil, 6 to 10’, Santa, division, layer Yerba Santa, False Kava Adenophora Adenophor Campanula 7a to cooked Perennial, sun to Root: antifungal, a triphylla ceae, 10b partial shade, moist, cardiotonic, Root, Three- Bellflower leaved 36”, seed expectorant; Ladybells, “Nourish (fluids)” Nan Sha Evergreen Herbs Shen Agar Gelidium Dried powder, store seaweed, red algae Gelatinous extract, amansii about 5 years, egg powder: substitute; dissolve antiinflamatory, in hot water & cool, laxative; culture vegetarian gelatin medium for substitute: thickener microbiological work for ice cream, jelly, growing bacteria & pudding, soup fungi Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Agrimony Agrimonia Rosaceae 3 to Perennial, full sun, Flowering tops: eupatoria Rose 8 average soil antiasthmatic, astringent, tonic, diuretic Roots & Leaves: External- skin eruptions yellow dye Ackee, Akee Blighia Sapindacea 11 Fruit- only ripe: raw, Perennial, flower: Fruit: produce soap hypoglycin sapida e curry April to Sept.; A, toxic Soapberry substance harvest: Aug. to Nov., in aril, full sun to partial seeds, & shade; moist, well- husks, & drained, 35’ unripe fruit poisonous; antidiabetic drugs Ajmud Carum Apiaceae parsley substitute Seed: curries, Annual relieve gas & roxburgianu Parsley pickles, chutneys gripping bowel pain m Alfalfa Medicago Fabaceae 3a to Seed: sprout Perennial, drought Aerial parts: sativa Pea 11 tolerant, roots deeply, alterative Sprouts: fixes soil with cool; bitter, salty; nitrogen; accumulates tonify yin & blood; iron, magnesium, P, counteracts damp, K; attracts bees & damp heat, & heat, butterflies drains water, removes toxins; nutritious, restorative, bone building Alkanet, Alkanna Boraginace 8 to Root: color to Perennial, full sun, Root: coloring- red, tinctoria ae 9 tincture, vegetable upright, spreading, soluble in oil; Dyer’s Borage Bugloss oil, wine well drained, sandy, antibacterial, alkaline, 4-12”, antipruritic, cutting, root, seed astringent, vulnerary; external varicose veins, indolent ulcers, bed sores, itching rashes Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *, ** Allspice, Pimenta Myrtaceae 10a tea, See Bay Berry: cake, Perennial, likes moist Berry: aromatic, Jamaica dioica Myrtle to 11 chutney, pickle, soil, withstands carminative, pepper, marinade, meat, pie, drought, prefer full stimulant Myrtle pudding, relish, rice, sun, may not flower Bark: aromatic pepper, soup, stew, or fruit dependably vegetable, wine outside native areas, Pimento, pick fruit green & dry Wild Cove; in sun; West Indian Bay

Almond Perennial Nut: remove phlegm from lung, 23 per 1 oz serving, 160 calories; antioxidant, magnesium, vitamin E, B vitamins *Almond- Terminalia Combretece 9b to tea Fruit, Nut, & Kernel; Perennial, deciduous Leaves, Bark: catappa ae 11 outside & seed tree, prune lead shoot astringent Tropical Leadwood Almond, Tree edible- pink bitter, encourage low, wide Leaves: diaphrotic, Malabar yellow sweet; a lot spreading lateral anti-indigestion; Almond, of variation when branching; FL anitdysentery edible, young and category II invasive; Fruit: high tannic Sea Almond older: raw fruit in Nov.; full sun acid to medium shade, well-drained; mulch, salt, drought, and wind tolerant; fast growing, 30-80’, seed * Alocasia Alocasia Araceae Perennial Internal: numbness & pain throat, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting * Aloe - Aloe Asphodeloi 9b to Perennial, sun, Sap: liver & digestive Candelabra, arborescen deae 11 cutting, seed, division tonic; external- acne, Krantz Aloe, s burns Octopus Plant, Torch Aloe Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Aloe Vera Aloe vera Asphodeloi Gel: beverage, 24-39”, pups yellow compound deae dessert, yogurt produced by mature "aloin": bitter, plant, offsets improves appetite, speeds peristalsis The aloe leaf promotes digestion, and it is a good example of herbal synergy. Aloe gel: emollient; nourishes and soothes digestive membranes; alterative, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, parasiticide, demulcent, wound & burn healing, minor skin infections, vulnerary; hair growth; cold, bitter * Amaranth Amaranthu Amaranthac young leaves: salad Tropical annual, likes -high calcium; cool; sweet s eae hot conditions; host to bitter, sweet; tonify corn predatory ground Qi; counteracts beetles damp, drains water Amazon Pourouma Uticaceae 10 fruit, sweet & tasty: Perennial tree, fast Tree-Grape, cecropfifoli raw, jam, wine growing, 30’, seed to Uvilla a fruit 3 years American Apios Fabaceae Tuber, cooked, like perennial vine, protease americana potato, first boil, nitrogen fixer, can inhibitors Groundnut, cooking Potato Bean texture & flavor climb 20’ per year, neutralizes degrades as cool: grows on shrubs & hopniss flour trees; tuber

Bean: edible Anamu Petiveria tea plant seed on top of alliacea soil, lightly covered, keep moist Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Andrographi Andrograph Acanthacea Annual, sun, seed Aerial parts: s is e antihepatotoxic, paniculata antibiotic, antimalarial, antithrombogenic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic Angelica Angelica Apiaceae 4 to Custard, tart fruit, Perennial, light Root: alterative, pregnant archangelic Parsley 9 ice cream salad, shade, moist, 72”, carminative, a salsa, sauce, seed diaphoretic, stuffing; Iceland, expectorant, Scandinavia, tisane emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic, tonic; warm - second degree; pungent bitter, sweet **Anise- Pimpinella Apiaceae Sauce, salads, Seed: cake, cookie, Annual, full sun, Carminative, eases Coriande Wormw Aniseed, anisum Parsley soup, stew, bread, egg, fish, fruit alkaline, well drained, cough, r ood Sweet vegetable-cooked cooked, meat, nut & 18-24”, seed; host galactagogue, Cumin, Dried: tea dried fruit mix, predatory wasp, prey stomachic; high in White Anise shellfish, sweets, on aphids; improves camphor vegetable vigor of plants grown near Anise- Black Pimpinella Apiaceae anisum, Parsley spp. Nero *, **Annatto, Bixa Bixaceae 911+ Seed, dried: food Perennial, shrub or Seeds: expectorant Achiote, orellana Annatto coloring- crush, mix small tree, full sun to Leaves: Bark: Root: Bixa, in water or heat in part shade, seed, Lipstick oil; beef, chili sauce, cutting, 15’ Tree, Uruca curry, egg, fish, grain, legume, onion, plantain, pork, potato, poultry, shellfish, soup, stew, sweet potato, tomato; East Indian, Latin American, Spanish. Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Apple- Anna Malus x Rosaceae 5 to Fruit- large, light Perennial, deciduous, prebiotic, high onion , Manzano domestica Rose 9 greenish-red, nutrient accumulated pectin; apple cider Ana ‘Anna’ slightly acidic: potassium; must be vinegar infused with applesauce, eating, pollinated, blossoms fresh dandelion root pie Feb-March, fruit June; 100 to 200 hrs chill below 45F, 10-15’, well-drained; not as easy to grow, rigid pruning Apple- Ein Malus x Rosaceae 4 to Fruit- small, Perennial, deciduous, onion Shemer, domestica Rose 11 greenish-yellow, must be pollinated, Manzano ‘Ein dessert apple: see full sun, well-drained, Ein Shermer shemer’ above adapted to warm climates, 350 hrs chill below 45F, 10-15’ **Arnica Arnica External use only arthritis, bruises, broken skin, cordifolia, sprains, internal A. montana hyperextensions/ pain w/ use- tincture, salve; hair growth; neutral; sweet, bitter, pungent; tonify Qi, Yin, Yang *Arrowroot Maranta Marantacea 9b to Root starch, gelling Perennial, shade Rhizome: starch arundinace e 11 agent or thickener; tolerant; nutrient Arrowroot a raw, or dried accumulator, mulch, powder- wash peel organic matter; roots, smash, rinse, moderate water, little strain to catch or no fertilizer, when fibers, dry in sun: leaves die back, baked goods, harvest some roots cereal, sauce; from each plant, and cornstarch replace or process substitute into starch; 4-6’, division, rhizome (rootstock) Artichoke- Cynara Asteraceae Perennial thistle, 6’ neutral; bitter, salty, Globe cardunculu sweet; tonify yin & s blood; drains water, counteracts damp & damp heat, promotes qi circulation Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Artichoke - Helianthus Asteraceae 4a to Tuber, hard, smooth, Perennial, full sun to high potassium, flatulence Jerusalem, tuberosus 9b without sprouting, part shade, harvest inulin; prebiotic; Sunchoke, skin light brown, cut when leaves die used to produce Sunroot, off dark root tip; back, tubers left in fructose Earth Apple, refrigerate, store in ground regrow; root water: raw salad, quality degrades Topinambou cooked steamed unless dug up & r vegetable replant fertile soil; never dig over a dormant patch of roots, will spread, 4 to 9’ *Arugula, Eruca Brassicacea Salad Flower: butter, oil, beetroot, runner vesicaria e salad, vinegar chard, bean, Salad Mustard celery, strawb Rocket sativa celeriac, erry, dill, tomato nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato Asafoetida Ferula Apiaceae Resin: chutney, fish, 8’ antiparasitic Devil’s asafoetida, Parsley legume, pickle, dung, Hing Ferula sauce, vegetable; Powder, narthex India Stinking Gum Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Ashwagand Withania Solanaceae 10 Tea Berry: substitute for Perennial, full sun, Root - bitter, sweet, hyperthyroi a, Indian somnifera Nightshade rennet, in cheese well-drained, prefer warm, dry (start lose dism ginseng, making dry soil, pH 7.5-8, H 1 activity >2 yrs): heat Winter Root-dried: tea to 2’, division, semi & fat activate; Cherry (decoct) wood cutting, seed calming adaptogen, Root- dried, powder: alterative, mix into food, Root: harvest 1 to 1 antiarthritic, medicine ball, tea, years, in winter when antianxiety, tincture dormant, hotter antioxidant, greater constituents; antiinflammatory, when harvest roots antispasmodic, replant root crown aphrodisiac, and match top with astringent, roots, 1st prune top immunomodulator, growth neuroprotective, nervine-tonic & sedative (mild), antistress, sexual tonic, thyroid stimulant; fibromyalgia (with Kava & Scullcap); endocrine & nervous deficiency Asparagus Asparagus Asparagace 4a to Shoots, new, spring; Perennial, full sun, aster garlic, officinalis ae 9b cooked mulch, harvest after 1 family, onion, basil, potato year, south Florida carrot, cut off in winter, let comfrey, grow few years coriander before take shoots; , dill, divide root ball, seed, marigold, parsley, tomato Asparagus - Asparagus Asparagace 7 Tubers: cooked Perennial, full sun to Root tuber: fluid cochinchine ae light shade, antitussive, retention d/t Chinese, kidney or Asparagus nsis dioecious, male & antiasthmatic, heart Root, Tian female grow is seed expectorant, disease Dong needed; not self- stomachic, lung fertile; seed tonic; sweet, bitter, presoaked pungent; yin tonic, cool; counteracts damp, damp heat, & heat, drains water, removes toxins Radix Asparagi: “Nourish (fluids)” Evergreen Herbs Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Asparagus- Asparagus Asparagace 8 to tender young Perennial, dry or Root rhizome: Satavar, racemosu ae 11 shoots: cooked as moist soil alterative, Shatavari s vegetable antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, demulcent, diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant; uterine tonic, vaginal dryness

**Astragalus Astragalus Fabaceae 5 to Root, dried, gound: Perennial, tap rooted, Root - sweet, warm, ,Hong Qi, propinquus Legume 8 tea, decoction, herbaceous, native to moist; king of tonic Huang-qi, tincture; China, full sun, dry, herbs, tonify Qi; mild Jin Qi, Milk was fresh, boiled: broth, well-drained, average adaptogen?, Vetch, Red membranac rice (cook with), soil, H 16-36”, scarify antidiaphoretic, eus soup seed lightly, soak antioxidant, Astragalus overnight in antitumor, anabolic Root- powder: Mycoblast or other immunostimulant, medicine ball, paste mycorrhizal inoculant immune potentiator; immunostimulant, cardiac tonic; vasodilator; antiviral; hepatoprotective Atemoya Annona Perennial, flower: squamosa March to May.; x harvest: July to Oct., cherimoya full sun to partial shade; well-drained, H 25’, W 20’ Atractylodes Atractylode Asteraceae Rhizome: Rhizome- Rhizoma , Cang Zhu, s Atractylodis Bai Zhu macroceph Macrocephalae: ala appetite stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, stomachic: bitter, sweet, warm; tonic spleen, benefit Qi; “Calm”- Evergreen Herbs Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Avocado- Persea Lauraceae Perennial, flower: americana Jan. to April; harvest: June to March, fertilize April to Sept.; mulch 3-6”, 2-4” from base; full sun; high & dry; poor nutrient soil; not flooded, water 1”/ wk, 1-2x/wk, less in winter, when flower & fruit need water, well- drained, maintain 12‘x20’, prune after fruit, 2-3x/yr, selective limbs, flowers then leaves drop, then new shoots; pinch terminal ends, bushier, smaller; can keep fruit on tree, do not ripen on tree, if pick too early not ripen, 35’ *Avocado- Perennial, originated Brogden, in FL, produce B type Brogdon flowers, fruit matures July to Sept.; high & dry, poor nutrient sandy soils Australian Prostranthe Lamiaceae Bushmint ra Mint rotundifolia Aztec Sweet Lippia Verbenacea 9b to avoid due to high Perennial, shrub like cough contains dulcis e 11 camphor content: creeping; full sun to high levels Shrub, Verbena camphor, a Mexican Sweet dishes partial shade, cutting, carcinogen Lippia, (natural sweetner) simple layering Sweet Herb, Mayan Mint Babaco, Vasconcell Caricaceae 9a to Fruit, seedless, Perennial, hybrid Fruit: papain, Mountain ea x 11 smooth skin edible: cultivar, moist, proteolytic enzyme Papaya, heilbornii raw; juice blooms year round; Champagne var. life span 8 years, H Fruit pentagona; 20 to 30’; seed syn. Carica pentagona Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Bael Fruit Aegle Rutaceae 9a to Fruit- upripe: decoct Perennial, dry season constipation, high leaves: marmelos 11 with ginger & fennel to fruit, full sun, tannin; soap pregnant Fruit, pulp: fresh, 30-40’, seed dried, drink, sherbet * Bahama Psychotria Rubiaceae Perennial, FL native, Wild Coffee ligustrifolia Madder endangered, Palm City Palms 3/16, medium shrub, sun to shade; 3-4’ H & W, de-pulped seed Baking Soda clean, whiten, neutralize odor, softens water; scrubbing agent for bathroom, refrigerator, oven Ballon Platycodon Campanula 3 to dried, powdered: Roots: tea Perennial, dicot, full Root 2-3 yrs: Lower-most grandiflorus cea 9b soup; tender sun to partial shade, anthelmintic, leaves & Flower, Bellflower Roots: toxic Chinese uppermost leaves: medium-moist, well- antiasthmatic, raw Bellflower salad drained, slightly anticholesteremic, acidic, 12-36”, seed, antiphlogistic, dislike root disruption antitussive, astringent, carminative, expectorant, haemolytic, hypoglycemic, sedative, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge *Balm - Melissa Lamiaceae 5 to Drying leaves Flower: chicken Perennial, full sun to antiviral, relaxing Lemon officinalis Mint 9 concentrates soup, salad light shade, moist, nervine, promote essential oil, dressing, stuffing nutrients accumulated rest, ease anxiety, Balm -Lime M. remove water phosphorus; 18-24”, improve mood, officinalis content, enhance seed, division, cutting carminative, ‘Lime’ lemon taste & antispasmodic; oily fragrance: Cake, hair casserole, chicken, cookie, custard, egg, fish, rice, salad, salad dressing, soup, stew, tea, vegetable, white- wine punch, yogurt Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Bamboo- Dendrocala Poaceae 9b to Perennial, tight Shoot: cool; sweet, Angel Mist, mus minor 11 clumping, no low bitter, counteract Ghost ‘Amoenus’ branching, full sun, damp & heat, drains Bamboo moist, 6-10’ diameter, water, resolves 35’, division, air layer, phlegm cutting Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Banana - Musa Musaceae 8 to Fruit- avoid Perennial, small Fruit: raw 1 med, 7”, Dwarf acuminata 11 commercial, use roots, plant with taro, 118 g, cal. 105, CHO Cavendish; ‘Dwarf ethylene gas: bread, sweet potato, mint; 27 g, fiber 3 g, sugar triploid, AAA Cavendish’ dried-chips, desert, medium sized fruit, 10 g, K 422 mg, high fruit salad, ice fast growth rate; complex CHO & K; cream- freeze ripe, shortness- stable, cold; sweet; tonify pie, pudding, wind-resistant, easier yin; counteracts smoothie; banana to manage, 5’, flower heat, removes toxins milk- blend with & harvest: warm water months; full sun; Flower: Stem: moist rich; one pseudo stem (stalk) flowering & fruiting, one pseudostem about half grown, & one small sucker, allowing numerous pseudo stems may lead to small bunches of low quality fruit & encourage disease development; no more than 4-5 suckers, plant 6-8’ apart; 50-75% light; not sit in water, mound with manure & yard waste, 3’ high mulch, water 1x week; composting process fertilizer; layer manure with yard clippings; prune dead leaves, except cold weather protection; add to ground & layer with manure; nematodes increase organic matter; more leaves quicker ripen fruit, increase photosynthesis Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Banana - Musa Musaceae see above Perennial, takes see above Goldfinger acuminata longer to mature, x balbisina more resistant to ‘FHIA-01 cold, wind, pestilence, Goldfinger’ 14’ *Banana - Musa Musaceae see above Perennial, harvest 18 Ice Cream - acuminata to 24 months, 15-20’ triploid, ABB x balbisina ‘Ice Cream’ *Banana- Musa Musaceae 9a to Perennial, lady finger Dwarf acuminata 11 type, angular fruit, Namwah ‘Dwarf disease resistant, Namwah’ large sized bunches, 6-10’ *Banana - Musa sp. Musaceae Perennial, rapid Raja Puri ‘Raja Puri’ growth, resistant to cold, wind, disease; medium size fruit , 6-8’ Barley, Hordeum Poaceae grass (dried Annual, tropical areas nervine demulcent; lactation, green grass, vulgare unjointed leaf, winter cover crop, cool; salty, sweet; pregnant mai ya powder): add to green manure tonify blood, qi, yin; cereal, tea, drains water, smoothie counteracts damp & heat, removes toxins Basil - Dwarf Ocimum Lamiaceae 10 see Sweet Basil Seed, soaked, Perennial, sun, moist milder action than tomato raspber basilicum Mint mucilaginous: soil, 12”, seed Sweet Basil ry, rue Bush Basil, sage Greek Basil, var. beverage Leaf, Flower: Irahan, minimum antispasmodic, Rehan aromatic, carminative, digestive, galactogogue, stomachic, tonic; insecticde Seed: cure warts *eo- Basil- Ocimum Lamiaceae Bean, chicken, Flower: oil, salad, Annual, full sun, pinch insect repellent asparagu Rue, basilicum Mint cheese, corn, egg, salad dressing, soup off flower buds, moist, eo: mental alertness, s, sage Sweet Basil tomato, fish, pasta, pea, may repel thrips, aching muscles peppers, pesto, pizza, repel flies & oregano, mushroom, olive, mosquitoes, 3’, seed petunia rice, salad, soup, stew, tomato Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Basil- Holy Ocimum Lamiaceae 10b See Sweet Basil See Sweet Basil Perennial, Rama & Leaf: adaptogen, Basil, sanctum Mint to 11 tea (infuse) Kapoor- Strictly antibacterial, Sacred Medicinal seeds, Pam anticholesteremic, Basil, Tulsi, 5/16; tropics, full sun antidepressant, ‘Krishna’, to partial shade, more antitumor, antiviral, sun darker, tastier, & antispasmodic, Kapoor, more essential oil; appetizer, aromatic, Rama moist; blooms all carminative, year; harvest cut back expectorant, to 8” will re-grow galactagogue, quickly; like culinary hepatoprotective, basil pinch back early immunomodulator, flowers helps plant fill neurorestorative, out & promotes more stimulate mild, vegetative growth; will stomachic; pungent, reseed, seed (Green, sweet, warm, Purple); 36”, can neutral; Ayurveda grow to 5’ in 2-3 years Basil- Ocimum Lamiaceae 10 Perennial, seed see above, Ocimum Tulsi,Holy gratissimu Mint sanctum Basil, Clove m Basil, African Basil

*Basil - Holy Ocimum Lamiaceae 9 to Perennial, sweet see above, Ocimum Basil tenuiflorum Mint 10 smelling, purple & sanctum green leaves; full sun or partial shade; can live for over 10 years; seed, self-sowing, germinate with light, surface, sow; 24-36” Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Basil - Ocimum Lamiaceae 10+ See Sweet Basil See Sweet Basil Perennial, sterile African kilimandsch Mint hybrid - East African Blue aricum x camphor basil & basilcum sweet basil cultivar, ‘Dark Opal’ Dark Opal; well- drained, cutting (seeds sterile), harvest regularly encourages growth; attracts bees; 36-48” Basil - West Ocimum Lamiaceae 11+ See Sweet Basil See Sweet Basil Perennial, cutting African Basil viride Mint Basil - Ocimum Lamiaceae See Sweet Basil Seed: dessert, drink Annual, full sun, Indian basilicum Mint – Asian, Indian moist, seed ‘Subja’ seeds: sabja, subja, takmaria, tukmaria, falooda Bay -Red Persea Lauraceae 8-9 See Sweet Bay Perennial, 50’ Bay, Laurel, boronia Laurel Isabella Wood

Bay - Bay Pimenta Myrtaceae not confuse with Perennial, small tree, EO: cologne “bay Rum, West racemosa Myrtle Sweet Bay used in related to allspice, 20’ rum”; antibacterial Indian Bay cooking Tree

*Bay - Laurus Lauraceae 8 to Beef, Bouquet Perennial, light aromatic, analgesic, Leaf: large Sweet Bay, nobilis Laurel 10 garnis, chestnuts, shade, well-drained, excitant, narcotic, dose emetic Bay Laurel, chicken, custard, acid soil, 60’, cutting nervine- stimulant; Roman fish, lentil, Leaf: diaphoretic; Laurel marinade, meat, stored in grains poultry, rice, sauce, eliminate weevils & Sweet soup, stew, stock, moths; dried leaves- Laurel tomato, white bean natural insecticide dust: bay leaves, cayenne pepper, tansy, & peppermint Berry: carminative; insect repellent Bayberry Bark: astringent; Bark high in tannin; warm; pungent, sour, bitter Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Bean enrich soil with brassica, alliums nitrogen fixed from beet, tomato carrot, air; improve celery, conditions for any chard, crop planted after corn,cuc beans done; good umber, com bo French eggplant, pea, Haricot beans, sweet potato, corn, & melon; do not radish, allow beans to mature strawberr on plant, or stop y producing; 3 sisters, Succotash: corn, bean (climb on corn), cucurbit -squash, melon, or gourd (ground cover), not next to tomato too much nitrogen since want to fruit Bean- Fava Vicia faba Fabaceae 3 to Young leaf: cooked Perennial, don’t monoamine brassicas onion, Pea 11 tolerate hot weather, oxidase , carrot, garlic Bean, Broad inhibitors celery, Bean, Field full sun, shelter from celeriac, Bean, Horse wind, 6’ cucurbits, potato, Bean summer savory, most herbs Bean- Phaseolus Fabaceae Annual celery, garlic, vulgaris Pea cucurbits, onion French, potato, Green, strawberr String, y, sweet corn *Bean- Lima Phaseolus Fabaceae Bean, cooked, not south Florida start in Bean lunatus Pea raw: dip, rice Aug.-April, fordhook 242, henderson, jackson wonder, dixie butter pea, florida butter (pole), sieva (pole); strong & disease resistant, day length sensitive, make beans when days appropriately short Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Bean - Snap S. Florida, Sept.-April: bush blue lake, contender, roma, harvester, provider, cherokee wax horticultural, pinte Bean- Heirloom, grows well Rattlesnake in S. Florida in Pole Bean summer with corn plant Feb., improves taste Bean- Phaseolus Fabaceae Perennial, treated as summer beetroo coccineus Pea Annual, full sun, 6 to savory, t, Runner, sweet chard, Scarlet 10’ corn kohlrab Runner i, sunflow er *Beautyberr Callicarpa Lamiaceae 6 to Berry, ripe: jelly, raw, Perennial, shrub, leaf: insect repellent y- American americana Mint 10 wine native to berry: astringent Beautyberry southeastern US, full sun to part shade, semi-hardwood cutting, seed, 4 to 6’ H Bee Pollen Dried pollen whole, antihistamine, severe broken, or powder: nutritive allergies to pollen sprinkle on food Beeswax antibacterial, antiallergenic,antiinfl ammatory, germicidal antioxidant; moisture, softens, foster cells, protect skin from damaging environmental factors Beet, Beta Amaranthac salad, stir-fry Root: cooked, Biennial; add Root: neutral, sweet, most runner vulgaris eae pickled, salad minerals to soil tonify blood; beans, & pole Beetroot, brassica, bean Garden Beet counteracts cold, lettuce, promotes qi garlic, circulation mint, onion, kohlrabi Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Bergamot; Monarda Lamiaceae 4 to Fruit punch, jelly, Flower: green salad, Perennial; tends to Tomato- didyma Mint 10 Meat, poultry, salad, jelly, pasta, rice, get powdery mildew improve Bee Balm flavor & stew, summer drink, stuffing growth vegetable eo- Citrus Flowering tops: Bergamot bergamia eo: uplifting, relaxing, oily skin **Bilberry Vaccinium Fruit & leaf; myrtillus antioxidant, healthy vision & eye function, varicosities Bilimbi Averrhoa Perennial, flower: biilimbii spring to fall.; harvest: early summer to early winter., full sun to partial shade; well- drained, H 30’, W 20’ **Birch- Betula alba Betulaceae 2 to Bark: tea (decoct) Perennial, full sun, Inner bark: bitter, Common, 7 deciduous tree, moist, astringent; hair White Birch acidic growth Bitter Melon, Momordica Cucurbitace only some varieties: only some varieties Many varieties, some slimy red charantia ae young shoots & —Fruit, green or more edible than material in Bitter Gourd, seed edible, Bitter leaves: greens, early yellowing others, wild one only not seeds Squash cooked stage: cooked- stir- ripe red pulp around fries, soup, tisanes seed edible all other parts toxic including seed; S. Florida plant in spring & late summer after harvest okra & peas Black-eyed Vigna Fabaceae cooked immature pods: raw, subspecies of pea or bean unguiculata Pea cooked cowpea, green mulch, grow well S. Florida summer; fast growing, heat loving, annual cover crop; cut before fruit, all nitrogen stored left in soil with roots; don’t pull out, cut & let fall & plant more; plant in spring and August Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Black Diospyros Ebenaceae 10a Fruit- pick when Perennial, dioecious, unripe: Sapote, digyna Wood to 11 color changes from Merida or Reineke- caustic Black shiny green to dull sweet; Bernicker - Persimmon, green, calyx lifted fewer seeds, prolific; Chocolate slightly off skin, if flower: May to June; sepals flush on skin harvest: Nov. to April; Pudding not mature, if picked full sun to partial Fruit early not ripen, after shade, some male harvest 3-14 days to flowers w/ no fruit, or soften, after ripe female or bisexual store refrigerator flowers & fruit, prune several days: ice regularly, cut top, cream, pie, pastry, makes shoot off top smoothie of branches, keep any height, clean trunk, take off uprights, don’t thin, 12-15’, limit size, 60’, seed 5-6 years to flower, budding, grafting Black Juglans antifungal, Walnut nigra antiparasitic *Blackberry- Rubus spp. Rosaceae 5 to Fruit: candy,jam, Perennial, grows well Bark: high in tannin Brazos, ‘Brazos’ Rose 10 jelly, pie, wine in FL; flower: March Leaf: cool; sour Black to May; harvest: April Raspberry to June; canes biennial, winter dormant, sandy, well- drained, fertilize & prune cane to ground after harvest, self- fertile, 4-6’, cutting *Blackberry Rubus Rosaceae 5 to Perennial, full sun, - Mora ‘Natchez’ Rose 10 well-drained, Natchez PPAF thornless canes, not taste good, not grow well in Fl soil; fruit early June, 5-16’, cutting Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Blackberry Randia Rubiaceae 9b to Fruit, dark black Perennial, shrub, full Jam Fruit, formosa Madder 11 pulp: raw, jam, sun to partial shade, Raspberry preserve acidic soil, gardenia Bush, relative, fragrant Jasmine de flower attract nocturnal moths, 8’ in Rosa ground, 3-4’ in container, seed fruit 1 to 1.5 years Blackberry Belamcand Iridaceae Perennial; rhizome, Root: antipyretic, considered a chinensis Iris seed detoxicant, potentially Lily, She- poisonous; gan expertorant, root use deobstruent, only under carminative, diuretic, medical resolvant; bitter, supervision cold, poisonous, clears away heat & toxic materials, stimulates pharynx to expel phlegm, reduces swelling by “promoting blood” Blackcurrant Ribes Grossularia tea, flavor Fruit: cordial, Perennial Leaf: cool; pungent, nigrum ceae preserves dessert, jelly, juice, sour, sweet meat dish, sauce, Fruit: high vit.C syrup Bloodberry, Cordia Boraginace 10a Perennial, full sun to globosa ae to 11 light shade, attract Butterfly Borage Sage, wildlife, 4-10’, FL Curacao endangered Bush **Blessed Cnicus Asteraceae tea- infuse Annual, 2’ Leaves, stems, & pregnancy, benedictus Aster flowering tops: breast Thistle feeding, antiinflammatory, Crohn’s antibiotic, bitter, disease, diuretic, intestinal emmenagogue - inflammatio tonic to female n reproductive system, galactagogue; cool; bitter; External - boil, ulcer, wound Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Blue Clerodendr Verbenacea 10 to Perennial, partial um e 11 shade, 10’, stem, root Butterfly Verbena Bush, Blue ugandense cutting, rooted Glorybower suckers Blueberry Vaccinum Perennial, flower: late Leaf: bone corymbosu winter to spring; m harvest: spring to early summer; sun; H 6’, W 4’ *Bok choy, Brassica Brassicacea Biennial, well-drained, cool; sweet, sour; beetroot, runner rapa e moist counteracts heat, chard, bean, Pak Choi Mustard celery, strawb chinensis drains water, celeriac, erry, removes toxins dill, tomato nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato **Boneset, Eupatorium Asteraceae 3 to tea (infuse) Perennial, short-lived, Flowering top & leaf: large doses perfoliatum Aster 8 north FL native, astringent, febrifuge, emetic & Indian Sage, purgative Feverwort winter dormant, moist diaphoretic, to wet soil, 4-6’, seed, normalize body division temperature, expectorant,laxative, stimulant, mild tonic; cold; bitter, pungent; affinity bring bones back together *Borage, Borago Boraginace Cocktail, cream Flower: salad, Annual, weed barrier, Leaf: aperient, 3 to 7 days Bean, officinalis ae cheese, dip, fish, summer drink full sun, dry, adds demulcent, diuretic, maximum squash, Bee Bread, Borage or use, strawberr Herbs of Forget-Me- salad, soup, tea trace mineral to soil, emollient, febrifuge, occasional y, tomato Gladness Not (infuse) nutrient accumulated galactagogue, acute potassium, silicate pectoral, refrigerant; remedy increase other plants poultice- resistance to pests & inflammatory disease, deters swelling; insectary tomato hornworms & Seeds: high gamma cabbage worms, linolenic oil attracts bee & wasp, 24-36”, seed, reseed Brahmi, Bacopa Plantaginac 8 to tea-fresh or dry Perennial, Florida monnieri eae 10 native, herbaceous, Water Plantago Hyssop, aquatic, creeping; Indian consistently moist or Pennywort wet; full sun; self sowing Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Brassica rich soil with lime chamomil mustar e, dill, d, peppermi nightsh nt, ades rosemary like , sage tomato, pepper *Broccoli Brassica Brassicacea Biennial, greens after high vitamin C & K; basil, grape, oleracea e flowers, in Oct. new cool; bitter, pungent, bush mustar Mustard bean, d, italica shoots, open sweet; promotes qi beetroot, oregan pollinated goes to circulation; chamomil o, rue, seed, full sun, well counteracts heat, e, chard, runner drained, sandy, drains water celery, bean, alkaline, 4-12”, seed celeriac, strawb cucumbe erry, r,dill, tomato hyssop, lettuce, marigold, mint, nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato, radish, rosemary , sage, thyme, tomato *Brussel Brassica Brassicacea Bud: steam, boil, stir requires long growing Buds: warm; sweet, beetroot, runner oleracea e fry; if overcook period, produce seed pungent; counteracts chard, bean, sprouts Mustard celery, strawb gemmifera sulphur odor second year cold celeriac, erry, dill, tomato nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato, thyme Buchu Agathosma Rutaceae 8a to dried: tea flower: tea full sun, well-drained Leaf: antiseptic, anti- pregnant, betulina 11 lithic (urinary nursing, liver & stones), diuretic, kidney nephrtic disorder, not long term Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Buckwheat Fagopyrum grain, dried: “tea” - cover crop- green antioxidant, cool; esculentum coarse ground, manure; S. Florida sweet; counteracts roast, percolate, Oct. to March, damp & heat, filter; cereal, flour broadcast a lot of promotes Qi seed, so comes up circulation; gluten thick, cut crop down free for green mulch, next season germinate where fall; take up P and some minor nutrients otherwise unavailable to plants, nutrients accumulated phosphorus, potassium, as residue of breakdown, available for later crops; attract beneficial insects that control or parasitize aphids, mites, and other pests, attract beneficials- hover flies (Syrphidae), predatory wasps, minute pirate bugs, insidious flower bugs, tachinid flies, laday beetles Bugleweed, Lycopus Lamiaceae Flowering tops: Water virginicus Mint narcotic Horehound Bunya Pine Araucaria Araucariace 9 to Nut, when fall ripe, Perennial evergreen Nut, Bunya- bidwillii ae 11 poke shell hole with conifer; full sun to Bunya tree, a sharp knife: raw, partial shade; seed Monkey boil, roast 15 Puzzle Tree minures, dry, sprouting roots **Burdock Arctium Asteraceae 2a to Leaf: boiled, salad Root: tea (decoct), Biennial, full/part sun, Root: alterative, Root lappa Aster 10b boiled rich soil, 8’, self-seed hepatoprotective; dry hair, dandruff; hair growth; cool; pungent, bitter; reduces wind heat, counteracts damp & heat, removes toxins Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Burnet, Poterium Rosaceae 5 to casserole, cheese, Perennial digestion Salad sanguisorb Rose 8 chicken, cream Burnet, a cheese,egg, fish, Pimpernelle salad, sauce, seafood, soup, tomato, vinegar, white-wine cooler Bur Cucumis Cucurbitace 9 to Fruit, flesh thin, Vine, full sun, self antimicrobial, Cucumber, anguria ae 10 tough, seedy, 2” fertile, benefits from stomachic Burr long small consistent moist, yet Gherkin, cucumber, edible drought tolerant; seed West Indian dull spikes: raw, pickle, cook or India Gherkin *Bushy Lippia alba Verbenacea 8b to tea (fresh or dried) Perennial, shrub, full analgesic, or e 11 sun to partial shade, antidepressant, anti- Lippia, Verbena Bushy graveolens native S. America, H hypertensive, Matgrass, 4’, cutting antispasmodic, Melissa aromatic, sedative **Butcher’s Ruscus Root: tea Perennial diuretic Broom aculeatus Cabbage Brassica Brassicacea neutral; pungent, beetroot, pepper, oleracea e sweet; promotes qi chamomil eggpla Mustard e, chard, nt, var. circulation, celery, grape, capitata counteracts heat celeriac, lettuce, clover, pole dill, beans, nasturtiu rue, m, garlic, runner onion, bean, oregano, strawb pea, erry, potato, tomato sage Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Calamus, Acorus Acoraceae 4 to Rhizome, dried, Perennial, sun to Root: anodyne, Sweet Flag calamus Acorus 10 powdered: partial shade, aphrodisiac, substitute cinnamon, wetland, constantly aromatic, ginger, nutmeg moist, division, seed, carminative, 4-6’ diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, mildly tonic, vermifuge - bronchitis, sinusitis; External- skin eruptions, rheumatic pain, neuralgia *, **ex,io- Calendula Asteraceae Flower not just Annual, short-lived anti-inflammatory, Calendula, officinalis Aster petals, whole flower: perennial zone 8 to antispetic, Pot Marigold butter,cheese, oil, 10, interplant, repel antimicrobial, bitter, omelette, pudding, nematodes, ‘Alpha’ emmenagogue, salad, soup, stew, variety, prefer tea, full lymphagogue, rice, tea, vinegar sun, harvest flowers vulnerary (internal & dried- saffron for longer flowering external); oily hair, substitute; tincture season, self-sow hair body & luster; unless heavily mulch acne Camu, Myrciaria Myrtaceae Fruit, acidic, red- Perennial, tropical high vitamin C, 50x Camu dubia purple cherry-like: small to medium more than citrus Camu, juice, frozen shrub, close relative Araca’ dessert, of Jaboticaba supplements Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Canistel, Pouteria Sapotaceae 10a Perennial, let fruit fall Egg Fruit campechia to 11 rather than pick; like na mamey, use inverted root stock, not tap root, fibrous root system; remove 30% every year, whole fill up in center, remove vertical straight up branches; makes grow, hot and wind movement in canopy; tolerates diverse soils; flower: Aug. to April; harvest: Sept. to March, full sun; H 30’, W 25’; seed 3 to 6 years, graft, *Canna, Canna Cannaceae Young shoots: used Perennial, moist soil; Rhizome: high Achira, edulis as vegetable 9’ H, rhizome starch Queensland Tuber, boil or bake: arrrowroot Cantaloupe S. Florida, Aug.-Sept, Feb-March; smith’s perfect, ambrosia, edisto 47, planters jumbo, summet, super market Capers, Capparis Capparidac 9a to dried: rennet Bud & Berry, pickled Perennial, C. spinosa, cirrhosis, reduce pregnant, rupestris eae 11 substitute pickled: in vinegar, salt, or zone 9a to 11, full sun flatulence, improve medications Caper Bush Caper : C. spinosa wine; rinse: fish, to part shade, 36”, liver function; antidiabetic, (spiny) green bean, cutting, seed, Root, young shoot: antihyperte C. inermis mayonnaise, meat cultivated C. spinosa relieve rheumatism; nsive, (no spines) dish, pasta, pizza, & inermis warm; bitter, antiinflamm atory, potato, salad, salsa, pungent; promotes diuretic, sauce, seasoning, blood circulation, increase garnish, tapenade; drains water, iron levels, Italian; use end counteracts cold and photosensiti cooking damp zers * Caper, Capparis 10 to 11 Perennial, Fl native, Jamaica cynophallo drought tolerant phora Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Carambola, Averrhoa Oxalidacea 9b Fruit- skin & seeds Perennial, ‘Kari’ raw, 1 cup sliced, kidney carambola e edible- juice only a 4/11/15 Gary Gomes; disease Star Fruit Wood- 108 g, 33 calories, toxic; fruit Sorrel small amount since two types: sweet CHO 7 g, fiber 3, may contain high oxalis acid: most common “Arkin” sugars 4 g, K 144 enough fresh; fruit salad, & tart most common mg, vitamin C 37 mg oxalic acid juice drink; canned, “Golden Star”; flower to cause preserved, dried rapid renal & harvest: mature, function throughout year; any decline type of soil; full sun to partial shade; H 30’, W 25’; seed, grafted 10 mo. fruit **Caraway, Carum Apiaceae 5 to Egg, fresh white Seed- combines Biennial, full sun, Seed, if ground Peas, Dill, carvi Parsley 8 cheese, fish, meat, well with coriander, well-drained, needs quickly looses strawberr Fennel, Roman y - Wormw Cumin, omelet, poultry, garlic, juniper, cool season to trigger strength: analgesic, loosens ood Persian salad, sauce, parsley, thyme: bud set, seeds ripen anticancer, mild heavy Cumin shellfish, soft apple, baked fruit, second year; antihistamine, soil cheese, soup, stew, bread, cabbage, nutrients accumulated antimicrobial, tea, vegetable; cake, carrot, phosphorus, flower antispasmodic, parsley substitute cheese, fish, attract beneficial appetizer, aromatic, mushroom, noodle, insects especially tiny carminative, onion, potato & parasitic wasp, 30”, digestive, other root seed- soak warm emmenagogue, vegetables, pork, water day before febrifuge, stimulant, rice, sausage, sown, long tap root stomachic, tonic sauerkraut, stew, difficult to transplant tomato Seed, powdered, poultice: bruise, Root: boiled black eye vegetable Seed, essential oil: antifungal, antibacterial, colic, expectorant, galactagogue, menstrual cramps, Kimmel, Kümmel, liquor (caraway, cumin, fennel), aquavit, Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,**Cardam Elettaria Zingiberace 8 to Trinidad Seed: (inner seed, Perennial, difficult to Carminative; hot - cardamomu ae 10 black, best to buy grow & hard to flower second degree; om, Ginger Cardamom m whole green pods) & fruit in FL, may pungent, bitter, Ginger cake, coffee, cookie, grow False sweet; counteracts curry, custard, fruit Cardamon, 12’ damp, resolves dessert, pastry, phlegm,counter acts Green herring, liqueur, cold, promotes qi Cardamom pickle, rice, meat, circulation (unprocesse spiced wine; d pod), African, Arabic, White Indian, Turkey, Cardamon Morocco, (bleached Scandinavian pod), Decorticated Cardamon (seeds only) Cardamom - Amomum Zingiberace Seed: cake, curry, subulatum ae garam masala, Black, Ginger Greater legume, mulled Indian wine, rice, stew Cardamom, North India Nepal Cardamom *Carissa, Carissa Apocynace 9 to Fruit: bread, Perennial, full to part Fruit edible macrocarpa ae 11 dessert, jam, pie, sun, sandy, well- when ripe, Natal Plum Dogbane green fruit soup drained, dark red fruit & other ripe, 2 to 8’, cultivated parts smaller, cutting, poisonous species seed **Carob Ceratonia Fabaceae 11+ seed pod: chocolate Perennial, 33’ siliqua Legume substitute Carrageena avoid; extracted from linked to red seaweeds; food digestive n, disease & carrageenin additive for gelling, cancer thickening, stabilizing properties Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name eo- Carrot - Daucus Apiaceae cooked or raw, Root: baked good, Cultivated- biennial, Seed: carminative, bush & dill in carota Parsley salad cooked or raw, Wild- annual; tomato diuretic, pole flower, Cultivated, bean, parsnip Queen- salad, stew may stunt growth, yet emmenagogue, chive, Ann’s Lace- good flavor; nutrients stimulant cucumbe Wild accumulated Seed, essential oil: r,leek, potassium, high vitamin A, skin lettuce, magnesium; seed Root: diuretic, garlic, onion, deobstruent, pea, stimulant; neutral; sage, sweet, tonify qi; rosemary promotes qi , tomato, wormwoo circulation, d counteracts heat & damp heat, removes toxins Cascara Rhamnus Rhamnacea 3 to Bark- dried, aged: Perennial, large shrub Bark- dried, aged: Dried, fresh purshiana e 9b tea or small tree, alterative, laxative, bark may Sagrada, cause Bearberry, deciduous, full to lithotripic- bloody California partial sun, moist, gallbladder; high in diarrhea & acidic, 15-30’ tannin vomiting; buckthorn, not use >7 Sacred Bark consecutive days; GI, liver, kidney disease; cardiac glycosides like digitalis Castor Ricinus Euphorbiac Perennial; escaped Seed oil: laxative, communis eae exotic cultivar, purgative; external- Bean, Spurge Castor-Oil widespread mostly in ringworm, itch, Plant subtropics & tropics hemorrhoids, sore, hairwash for dandruff

Cat’s Claw Uncaria Rubiaceae Root & Bark: tea Tropical, woody vine, Root & Bark: Immune tomentosa Madder claw-shaped thorns, antioxidant, diuretic, suppressing , blood- 100’ immune modulation thinning, diuretics, blood pressure medications Catmint Nepeta Lamiaceae 4 to nervosa Mint 8 Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *, **Catnip, Nepeta Lamiaceae 3 to salad, sauce, soup, Seed: bread, filling, Perennial, full sun, antifungal, antiviral, pregnant Catwort, cataria Mint 9 stew, tea (infuse- muffin, pastry dry, well-drained, analgesic, anodyne, Field Balm slightly bitter/minty Poppy seed deters flea beetles, antispasmodic, taste, golden color) substitute aphids, fleas, carminative, Japanese beetles, diaphoretic, nervine squash bugs, ants, sedative; n/v no rodents, weevils; smell/taste; hair ground cover to 3’, body , growth, & seed luster; cool; pungent, bitter; reduces wind heat, promotes qi circulation Cauliflower bean, nasturti celery, um, oregano pea, potato, strawb erry, tomato Cawesh, Annona Annonacea better tasting, mix Posh-te scleroderm e banana & pineapple, a like monstera; con tall tree, lower branches die, fruits not fall when ripe or rots, hard to climb up, bats eat fruit, stems break off, after fruit dried up; seeds readily yet >10 years fruit, not many available; several skin types reticulate, smooth, or mammalian (tits); ‘Straube’, ‘Revolorio’ not good, stringy, lots of seeds, less flavor, ‘Cangrejo de Oro’ eo- Cedrus oil- relaxing Cedarwood atlantica Centaury, Centaurium tea- infuse Annual aromatic bitter, Feverwort erythraea stomachic, tonic Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name ** Celery Apium Apiaceae salad, soup, stew, Seed: bread, Biennial, full sun to seed: anticoagulant, seed: brassica, aster graveolens Parsley mixed vegetable chutney, cracker, part shade, moist, aphrodisiac, diuretic, bush flowers anticoagula bean, , corn, egg, fish, pickle, 18”, seed sedative, tonic nt cabbage parsnip relish, potato salad, family, , Irish sauce, soup, stew, cauliflow potato tomato juice er, leek, onion, spinach, tomato Celery - Apium Apiaceae salad, soup, stew, Biennial, sun to brassica, graveolens Parsley mixed vegetable partial shade, 18, bean, Cutting leek, Celery var. seed tomato secalinum Celeriac, Apium Apiaceae Root- cooked, raw: Annual, sun to partial brassica, graveolens Parsley blanch, casserole, shade; seed bean, Turnip- leek, rooted var. mash, roast, soup, tomato Celery, rapaceum stew Knob Celery Chai Hu, Bupleurum Apiaceae Perennial, 3’ antiinflammatory, Hare’s ear chinese Parsley antiviral, root, antiproliferative, Thorowax chemopreventative, root, Saiko liver stagnation (Qi), irritabliity, liver disease; “Calm” - Evergreen Herbs **Chamomil Chamaeme Asteraceae 5 to Flower: tea (infuse) Perennial, full sun, analgesic, anodyne, large doses cabbage, lum nobile Aster 9 dry, deters flies & antiinflammatory, n/v cucumbe e-Roman, r, mint, English mosquitoes, gives antibacterial, onion, Chamomile strength to any plant antibiotic, antiviral, pepper growing nearby antiparasitic, antispasmodic (oil blue), antiseptic, carminative, mild laxative, nervine tonic, vermifuge, bitter,- External: treat minor abrasions, cuts, & scraps; hair growth Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Chamomile- Matricaria Asteraceae Flower: tea (infuse- Annual, full sun, host antiinflammatory, cabbage, recutita Aster floral scent, golden to hoverflies & wasps; antibacterial, bitter, cucumbe Sweet r, onion False, color, slightly floral/ accumulates Ca, K, mild laxative, nervine German bitter taste) sulfur, later return to tonic; allergy Chamomile soil, increase oil production of herbs; tonic for an plant, reseed Chaparral Larrea antibiotic, hepatotoxici tridentata anthelmintic/ ty, pregnant parasiticide, anticoagulant, antiplatelets, antidiabetic, antispetic, antimicrobial *Chard, Beta Amaranthac Biennial most corn, vulgaris eae bean, cucurbi Swiss brassica, ts, Chard, subsp. cicia garlic, herbs, Spinach onion, runner kohlrabi, bean, Beet tomato, melon rose Chaste Vitex 7 to deciduous shrub, Leaf, Bark: PMS, Pregnant Tree, angus- 10 attract wildlife, seed breast pain Monk's astus 3/16 Pepper

*Chaya, Cnidoscolu Euphorbiac 9b to tender shoots, boil, Perennial, sun, raw leaves s eae 10b toxin released into cutting, seed toxic, do not Tree Spurge cook in Spinach aconitifolius air as gas, cook 5 germinate inside fruit aluminum minutes or more: spinach substitute - Central American, Mexican *Chayote, Sechium Cucurbitace 8 to tip: raw, cooked Fruit, keep cool; Tender perennial, pumpkin, celery,, edule ae 11 room temperature vine, full sun, fruits peppers, mint, Vegetable Cucurbit squash, snap Pear, Cho- shrivel & sprout, heavily fall & winter, corn beans Cho peel skin: raw- sow any time of year, pickled, salad, usually beginning of salsa; cooked- rainy season; south mashed, stir-fry Florida, other areas early spring; trellis; seed (within fruit) Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Chempedak Artocarpus Moraceae 9 to cooked Seeds: boiled, Perennial integer Mulberry 11 roasted Fruit: raw Cherimoya Annona Annonacea 10a Perennial tropical fruit seeds toxic cherimoya e to 11 tree, native, Andes, S. America, smooth skinned & warty, tits; round fuzzy leaves, different shape fruits, less seed richer more complex, flavor, less sweet than Sugar- Apple; many different varieties & flavors; seed, graft, H 15-20’ *Cherry- Malpighia Malpighiace 9a to Fruit: dessert Perennial, topical & high antioxidants, Barbados, emarginata ae 11 subtropical shrub or ascorbic acid, Acerola, small tree; flower: vitamin C; 1 fruit West Indian March to April; without seed, 4.8 g, Cherry harvest: April to Sept., calories 2, full sun; moist, well- carbohydrate .37, drained, H 20‘, W 20’; fiber .1, vit. C 80.5 seed, cutting mg; used as vit. C supplement *Cherry- Eugenia Myrtaceae 10a Fruit: dessert, jam, Perennial, full sun to high vitamin C Surinam, uniflora Myrtle to 11 jelly part shade, 6’, Brazilian cutting, graft, air layer, seed, FL Category 1 invasive Chervil, Anthriscus Apiaceae Cream cheese, Annual, light shade, broccoli, cerefolium Parsley egg, fish, marinade, well-drained, deter lettuce, French radish- Parsley salad, sauce, aphids from lettuce, improve shellfish, soup, deter slugs, growth & stew, vegetable, deadhead encourage flavor vinegar, wine; leaf growth, 24”, seed French **Chia Salvia Lamiaceae Seed: roasted, Annual, 4 to 6’ demulcent -high hispanica Mint whole or ground omega-3 fatty acids; flour; baked goods, 1 T, 12 g, cal. 60, fat beverage, hot 3 g, K 60 mg, CHO/ cereal, pudding, fiber 5 g, Protein 3 g, salad, sprouts Ca 8%, Mg 10%, Fe 6% Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Chickpea, Cicer Fabaceae Young leaves: like Pea, dried, cooked: Annual, subtropical, Garbanzo arietinum Pea spinach hummus, salad, tropical, seedpod 2-3 Bean stew; ground: flour, peas, allow pods to sprouted dry on plant; break open to collect seeds **Chickweed Stellaria Carophyllac 8 to Biscuit, egg, winter crop in alterative, anti- antineoplast media eae 11+ garnish, greens southern climates; inflammatory, ic agents, , Stitchwort, Pink photosensti Starweed cooked, salad, tea dislikes full summer demulcent, mild zers, (infuse), juice w/ sun in hotter climates diuretic, emollient, vasodilators 20% alcohol, pesto nutritive, refrigerant, moisten & hydrate tissues; high calcium, potassium, iron, saponins; cooking, soothing; eyewash or poultice Chicory- Cichorium Asteraceae 4 to Greens, salad, tea Bud: pickle Perennial, full sun to Root: Root: intybus Aster 11 Flower: salad partial shade, anticholesteremic, gallstones, Coffee, Blue pregnancy Sailors, Root- dried & clumping, resembles diuretic, laxative, Coffeeweed, ground—coffee dandelion, long remove heat from Succory, substitute slender pointed liver, stimulate bile Root-young; leaves notched or secretion, promote Witloof vegetable toothed, 4’, seed digestion, prebiotic; cool, bitter, drains water Chinese Chaenomel Rosaceae Fruit: juice, paste, Deciduous shrub Ripe fruit: stagnated Quince is fructus Rose jam, preserve, jelly; heat, scanty dark Fruit, decoction, powder, urine, relax tendon, Quince teapills activate collaterals, Fruit, Mu remove dampness, dispel wind; sour, Gua, warm Chaenomele s Fruit *Chives - Allium Alliaceae 3 to See onion chives See onion chives Perennial, light hot - second degree Apple, bean, tuberosum Onion 9 shade, moist soil, beetroot pea Garlic, brassica, Chinese south Florida rarely carrot, Chives, blooms, 10”, nutrients chard, Oriental accumulated lettuce, potassium, calcium; parsley, Chives rose, seed, division strawberr y, summer savory, tomato Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Chives, Allium Alliaceae 3 to Cream cheese, Flower: butter, Perennial, deter appetizer, digestive, Apple, Bean, schoenopra Onion 9 egg, fish, poultry, carrot, egg, pasta, Japanese beetle & hot - second degree beetroot pea Onion Grass brassica, sum rice, salad, salad potato, salad, salad carrot rust fly, carrot, dressing, sauce, dressing prevents roses black chard, soup, stir-fry, spot & aphids, lettuce lettuce, stuffing, tomato, & pea deter aphids; parsley, vegetable & apples scab- takes rose, strawberr 3 years plantings to y, prevent; chive tea summer prevent downy & savory, powdery mildew on tomato cucumber & gooseberry **Chocolate, Theobroma Sterculiace 9b to Leaf: tea Fruit- pod, thick Perennial, about 100 dark chocolate & cacao ae 11 peel, contain 20 to varieties, Criollo cocoa- no alkalizing: Cacao, Cacaoss Cocoa 60 seeds covered types- Panama; antioxidant, with sub-acid sweet Forastero- Amazon antiseptic, diuretic, mucilage, mucilage basin; pollinated by emmenagogue, edible, process insects, some nervine- stimulant, seeds to make varieties self- parasiticide, pilatory chocolate; Seed incompatiable, pulp: baked goods, require cross Leaf (infusion): beet, beverage, pollination or hand cardiotonic, diuretic candy, chili, corn pollination with chowders, dessert, compatible variety; dip, fish & meat either one self- dishes, Mexican compatible or two mole, pasta, compatible varieties pudding, recados, grow near each other salad (bitter sweet), for pollination; foliage sofritos, soup, stew damage 33° F, light shade, like organic soil, abundant water & humidity, flower: early spring or throughout year, if warm; fruit: summer or throughout year, if warm; H 15’, W 10’, cutting, budding, grafting, seed to fruit 3 years *Christmasb Lycium Solanaceae 7b to Fruit, berry: fresh, Perennial, shrub, FL Berry: erry carolinianu Nightshade 11 dried; tea native, full sun or part m shade, salt & drought tolerant, likes moisture, 6’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Chrysanthe 2-8-15 Mounts Guild, Chrysanthe mum drainage, shade, mum indicum cutting **Chrysanth Chrysanthe Asteraceae 3a to Flower: tea (infuse) Perennial, full sun, Flower: alterative, emum, ju mum x Aster 9b 18”, division, cutting, antibactreial, hua morifolium air layering antiinflammatory, aromatic, demulcent, febrifuge, hepatic, hypotensive, refrigerant; cold; sweet, bitter; tonify yin; counteracts heat, reduces wind heat; improves eyesight, relieves hypertension *Chrysanthe Chrysanthe Asteraceae raw, cooked Flower: raw Annual, full sun or Leaf: expectorant, mum- mum Aster partial shade, well- stomachic; Flower: Shungiku, coronarium drained, moist, aromatic, bitter, Edible or ‘Shungiku’ 24-36”, seed stomachic; Bark: Garland purgative Chrysanthe mum Huamanpinta, Chuquiraga Asteraceae 9 tea—infusion Shrub, Peruvian Aerial parts: Chuquiraga spinosa Aster Andes, dry, arid antiinflammatory, spinosa areas, long drought antioxidant, period 6 to 9 months, antifungal, sun antiseptic, diuretic, hepatoprotective Cicely, Myrrhis Apiaceae 3 to Bouquet garni, Flower: drink, fruit Perennial, light Sweet odorata Parsley 7 chicken, fish sauce, salad shade, rich, moist, Cicely, Anise fruit, root vegetable, Seed: pickled beet deadhead, 36-48”, Fern, Giant salad, soup, stew, seed Chervil sweet dish Cinnamon - Canella Canellacea 10b Tea Bark: see Perennial, part shade/ winterana e to 11 Cinnamon- Cassia part sun, well- Bark, Wild Canella or Cinnamon, Wild- Fruit- dried, ground: drained, 20-30’, salt White Cinnamon black pepper tolerant Cinnamon substitute Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Cinnamon - Cinnamom Lauraceae Bouquet garni, fish, Bark: apple, bean, Perennial, 65’ hot - second degree Cassia um cassia Laurel custard, meat, bread, cake, Ceylon C.burmanni pasta sauce, chutney, cider, Indonesian i poultry, soup, tea coffee, cookie, curry, Vietnamese C. loureirii fruit, ketchup, lentil, meat, pie, pudding, relish, rhubarb, rice, squash, stew, tea, yogurt--Chinese five spice and curry powder blend Grades- Continental (finest flavor), Mexican, Hamburg C. zeylanicum- superior; easier grind; light sweet flavor. Most in store probably C. cassia. Strips or quills of the “true” cinnamon layered; Cassia cinnamon one thick piece. Flower: sweets, soup, pastry, tea, wine *, Cinnamom Lauraceae 9b to see Cinnamon see Cinnamon Perennial, native of Bark, peeled, dried, **Cinnamon um verum Laurel 11 Sri Lanka, true source ground; antidiabetic, - True of cinnamon, sun to appetizer, warming, Synonym partial sun, sandy, astringent, C. moist, organic matter, circulatory tonic, zeylanicum acidic; cut after 1 year nervine stimulant; shoots called tillering, hot - second degree; beat to soften inner pungent, sweet; bark, remove .5 mm yang, qi, counteracts of bark in strip from cold & damp, outer woody portion; promotes qi & blood after 3 years, prune circulation every other year; 12-30’, seed, cutting Citrus - Citrus mitis Rutaceae Peel, dried: tea Perennial, sun, 25’, Juice: insect bites, Calamondin Citrus Juice: substitute seed or cutting, self- antiphlogistic lemon or lime fertile Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Citrus - Citrus x Rutaceae Flower: crystallize, Perennial, cross Antihistamine, Meyer meyeri Citrus oil, salad, soup, between common Peel: Lemon syrup lemon and mandarin antiinflammatory; Peel, fruit rind: or common orange; high acid; Juice: oily bread, cake, cookie, Epazote dysphania hair; phytonutrient: fish, muffin, ambriosides syn limonoid; cuts pudding, tea chenopodium through grease, ambriosides leaf juice removes mold & derails psyllid based bacteria viral leaf curl; Apply leaf juice consecutively for 5 or six times in a row or staggered applications right before and during new leaf growth, seemingly the time of greatest insect invasion when leafs are most tender. Citrus- Citrrus x Rutaceae Juice Perennial Grapefruit seed coumadin, paradisi Citrus extract (GSE), citrus GSE Grapefruit synthetic seed extract, seeds, preservativ pulp, white es membrane: antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal; phytonutrient: limonoid Peel, essential oil *Citrus - Citrus Rutaceae 9 to Curries, Salad Perennial Peel oil: insecticide Kaffir, Wild hystrix Citrus 11 Juice & Leaf: gum Lime, health Indonesia Lime eo- Citrus- Citrus Rutaceae Flowers: hair body & Lime Peel aurantifolia Citrus luster Citrus- Citrus x Rutaceae cross Key lime & Limequat microcarpa Citrus kumquat ‘Floridana’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Citrus- Citrus Rutaceae 8a to Juice & Peel: Perennial, 10-30’ Bark: tonic, stimulant Pregnant Bitter aurantium Citrus 11 marmalade Leaf: antispasmodic, Orange, Juice: fish, meat nervine, stimulant, Seville Peel, dried: tea stomachic, sudorific, Orange (decoct) tonic Essential Oil from Peel: carminative, peel: candy, ice expectorant, cream, baked flatulence, goods, pudding, indigestion, Curacao liqueur insecticide, digestive tract stagnation, stimulant, tumors; bitter, pungent; warm, dry, sour Flower: neutral; bitter, pungent, sweet Citrus - Citrus Rutaceae Peel: bread, cookie, Peel: Mandarin reticulata Citrus cake,tea, vegetable antiinflammatory, Orange, Flower water: carminative, Tangerine dessert cholagogue, diuretic, Chen Pi tonic; bitter, dry, pungent, warm Flower water: sedative, dry skin, broken capillaries, stimulate new cell growth Citrus - Citrus x Rutaceae All parts edible; Perennial, hybrid 1/2 cup sections, Orange, sinensis whole fruits are raw, 90 g, cal. 42, sweet - used in making CHO 10 g, fiber 2.2, *Valencia marmalade; seeds sugars 8, Ca 36 mg, contain pectin that K 163 mg, vit. C 48 aids in the setting of mg, vit. A 10 mcg marmalade. RAE; 1/3 cup, juice, raw, 83 g, cal. 37, CHO 9 g, fiber .2, sugars 7 g, Ca 9 mg, K 165 mg, vit. C 41 mg, vit. A 8 mcg RAE Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Clay- White contains Aluminum inhaled may External: draw cause lung Kaolin problems Cosmetic impuities from skin; Clay increase circulation; poultice decrease inflammation & reduce swelling; mask, poultice, deodorant, skin care products **Cleavers Galium Rubiaceae tea (infuse) Fruit: coffee Annual, partial to full Aerial parts: aparine Madder substitute sun, 12”, seed alterative- lymphatic, appetite depressant, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, mild laxative, refrigerant, tonic, vulnerary; high in tannin; cool; sour, bitter; counteracts damp & damp heat, drains water; long term use chronic urinary tract inflammation, gout, kidney stones **Clove Eugenia Myrtaceae Bud: bread, cake, analgesic, anodyne, caryophyllu Myrtle chutney, meat, antiemetic, s mincemeat, mulled appetizer, stimulant wine, plum pudding, eo- antioxidant, stewed fruit antispetic, antimicrobial, rubefacient Cobweb, Tegenaria common house- antispasmodic, Spider’s domestica spider febrifuge, sedative, Web styptic Coffee Coffea Rubiaceae 9 to Bean: drink, meat Perennial, woody, Bean: stimulant, mild raise arabica Madder 11 tenderizer evergreen, understory diuretic; lighter roast intraocular pressure, shrub, part-shade, more caffeine, less glaucoma, well-drained, 20-30’ taste than darker; addictive, high alkaloid overuse- cardiac problems Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Cohosh - Cimicfuga Ranunculac 4a to Root: tea Perennial, full shade, Root: not good for Black racemosa eae 8b moist, division, seed menopause; Buttercup antispasmodic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, emmenagogue, sedative, uterine tonic, fibromyalgia; cool; bitter, pungent, sweet; tonify Qi, Yin Cohosh - Caulophyllu Berberidace 4a to Root: tea Perennial Root: antispasmodic pregnant s ae 7b (flower blue), Blue, Squaw Barberry Root thalictroide emmenagogue, s uterine contractor; neutral; bitter

*Coconut Cocos Arecaceae Seed: meat, white seed: immature, Nutrition: varies nucifera Palm fleshy layer: dessert, young fruit contain according to fruit salad, main liquid & meat; mature development stage; dishes fruit less liquid, mature coconut, coconut milk- hardened meat; good source iron; shredded coconut, available year round raw shredded: 86% soak in warm water, calories fat, most blend saturated coconut oil- Fractionated oil: skin shredded coconut, scalp blend

liquid/water: beverage *Cocoplum, Chrysobala Chrysobala 10a Fruit, edible: raw, Perennial, shrub or Paradise nus icaco naceae to 11 jam small tree, south Plum, Icaco Florida native,10-30’, Seed, white, edible, cutting, seed, air layer inside brown stone: raw, roasted Coltsfoot Tussilago Asteraceae 4 to tea (infuse) Perennial, weedy or Leaf: antiasthmatic, root & farfara Aster 6 invasive, antibacterial, flower: large doses groundcover, 6-12”, demulcent, liver toxicity division, seed expectorant, pectoral, respiratory nervine Collard Brassica south Florida limp greens oleracea through summer, italica don’t need to chop down Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **, io - Symphytum Boraginace 4a to tea root: topical Perennial, full to part alterative, carcinogeni avocado, officinale ae 9b sun, moist, well- antiasthmatic, c, most fruit Comfrey, Borage or hepatotoxici trees Knitbone Forget-Me- drained, compost nervine demulcent, ty, Not activator, foliage emollient, pectoral - potentially spray, weed barrier, heal abrasion, fatal fodder, nutrient bruise, burn, sore, accumulated wound, vulnerary; nitrogen, potassium, leaf- high B vitamins, calcium, magnesium, calcium; dry hair; iron, silicate & miner, insectary fertilizer- leaves Root: high in tannin decomposed in water; seed Comfrey - Symphytum Boraginace 4a to moist soil, full sun to high inulin, tonic x ae 9b part shade, cultivars Russian, Borage Bocking #14 uplandicum Blocking No. 1 to 21; natural hybrid, not GMO, roots 6-8’, liquid fertilizer 5 pounds leaves in 7 gallons water cover for 4-6 weeks; 4’, sterile hybrid, divide rootball *Coontie, Zamia Zamiaceae 8 to root; edible starch Perennial, full sun or Arrowroot floridana or Coontie 10 dense shade, seed pumila

*Copperleaf- Acalypha Euphorbiac 10 to Perennial, shrub, sun, water extract red & wilkesiana eae 11 10’, cutting brown varieties, Red Spurge external: skin problems, eczema- antibacterial, antifungal Coptis, Coptis spp. antibacterial, Huang Lian antifungal Cordyceps Cordyceps Ophiocordy tea- 1/2 teaspoon Result of parasitic calming adaptogen, fungus, sinensis cipitaceae mycelia powder or relationship between antiasthmatic, Caterpillar crushed mushroom the fungus & larva of antileukemic, fungus, to 10 ounces water, ghost moth, winter antioxidant, dong chong decoct 15 minutes, insect, summer plant hepatoprotective, steep 1 hour immune potentiator, xia cao immunomodulator, nephroprotective, nervine sedative (mild) Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *, Coriandrum Apiaceae 3 to Bean, chutney, Flower: salad Annual, full sun to Leaf fresh: aromatic, Anise, Fennel sativum Parsley 8 curry, fish, Seed: chutney, partial sun/shade, pungent cabbage, **Coriander winte carrot, (seeds) r 9 to guacamole, lamb, curry, egg, meat, rich, well drained, Seed: alternative, leafy Cilantro 11 potato, poultry, pasta, pickles, deadhead encourage antiflatulent, vegetabl (leaves) relish, salad, salsa, poultry, salsa, leaf growth, 3’, seed; antispasmodic, es, sandwich, soup, vegetable—Asian, attract beneficial aphrodisiac, melons, Chinese stew, stir-fry, tomato Latin insects like hoverflies, appetizer, aromatic, spinach Parsley, Hu sauce, vegetable, Root: curry paste, parasitoid wasps, carminative, Sui yogurt-- cooked—Thai tachinid fly; repels diaphoretic, diuretic, Mexican, Southeast dishes aphids, spider mites, refrigerant, stimulant, Asia white flies, potato stomachic, tonic; beetle chew as breath sweetener

Coriander - Porophyllu Asteraceae Strong skunk-like Annual, full sun; Leaf: diuretic, Bolivian m ruderale Aster smell; See Cilantro damp, loam soil; 5’, flavoring agent, Coriander, - use fresh seed, wild greens of stomachic Summer American Meso-America Cilantro, Southwest, Mexico, South America Skunk Weed, Papalo, Yerba Porosa, Quillquina, Killi

*Coriander Eryngium Apiaceae 8 to Bean, chili, chutney, Perennial, partial sun/ Leaf: anti- -Mexican, foetidum Parsley 11 cream cheese, egg, shade, moist, well- inflammatory, Culantro, marinade, meat, drained, 10’, seed, analgesic, aperitive Recao, pesto, Puerto Rican high salt tolerance Shadow sofrito, salsa, soup —Caribbean, Asia Benny, Cilantro substitute Tropical Cilantro, Long Coriander, Recao, Spiny Coriander, Sawleaf Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Coriander Persicaria Polygonace 10 to Bean, curry, meat, Perennial, creeping, Leaf: antidiarrheal, odorata ae 11 noodle, salad, partial sun/shade, astringent, anti- - Buckwheat Vietnamese seafood, soup, moist, suitable for bog inflammatory, , Asian Mint, stew, stir-fry, or water garden; 6”, digestive; Laksa Leaf, summer roll cutting, division External: apply on Vietnamese, ringworm Rau Ram Malaysian, Essential oil, kesom Singapore oil: natural food Cilantro substitute flavoring, cosmetic industry *Corkscrew Juncus Juncaceae Perennial, water Rush effusus Rush garden ‘Spiralis’ **Corn- Silk, Zea mays Graminacea corn starch (starch south Florida plant in Silk- stigma female Lasix bean, tomato e of corn kernel): Feb., with rattle snake flower: cucurbit Corn Starch, (squash, Sweet Corn thickener- baking, bean, 3 sisters, antiinflammatory, melon, cooking Succotash: corn, anti-lithic (urinary gourd), silk, dried: tea bean (climb on corn), stones), mild pea, (infuse) cucurbit -squash, astringent, potato, melon, or gourd disinfectant, radish, sunflower (ground cover) soothing diuretic (minor urinary tract infection can use frequently, burning urination, water retention), demulcent, mild stimulant, bladder tonic; counteracts damp; reduces edema, promotes urination Corn starch: high in starch Maize, seed kernel: neutral; sweet; tonify Qi; drains water Corydalis, Corydalis Root: reduce Yan Hu Suo yanhusuo neuropathic pain; bitter, warm Costmary, Chrysanthe Asteraceae 4 to Cold drink, salad, Perennial, full sun to Bible Leaf mum Aster 8 soup, sauce, tea partial sun, dry, 2-4’, balsamita seed, division Cramp Bark Viburnum analgesic/anodyne, opulus muscle relaxant, antispasmodic Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Cranesbill astringent, hemostatic Cress - Barbarea 5 to See Watercress Biennial, moist, seed Upland verna 9 Cress *Cress - Nasturtium Brassicacea 5 to Dressing, omelet, Perennial, moist, beetroot, runner officinale e 9 rice, sandwich, seed chard, bean, Watercress Mustard celery, strawb salad, soup celeriac, erry, dill, tomato nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato Cubeb Piper Piperaceae Fruit-bud: See cubeba Pepper Pepper Creeping Melothria Cucurbitace Fruit- eat green, not Perennial vine, moist, laxative Cucumber pendula ae dark green or black: weed, self-seeds salad, raw Cucamelons Melothria Cucurbitace Fruit, grape size: Annual, vine, full sun, , Mexican scabra ae salad, sandwich, trellis, seed, self- Sour stir-fry seed; 4-10’ H Gherkin, Mouse Melon Cucumber sunflower - improve taste **Cumin, Cuminum Apiaceae Seed: bean, bread, Annual, 6” antiinflammatory, Chili Herb, cyminum Parsley cabbage, cake, antispasmodic, Comino, cheese, cookie, aphrodisiac, Brown curry, curry powder, aromatic, astringent, Cumin, gravy, marinade, carminative, masala, rice, roast, digestive, diuretic, White salsa, stew, stuffing, emmenagogue, Cumin tomato-based sauce galactogogue, —Mexican, Indian refrigerant, stimulant- works on erectile dysfunction; Ayurveda- hot property, remove vata & kapha, cause pitta Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Cumin, Centratheru Asteraceae Seed: antioxidant, Bitter m Aster antihelmintic, Cumin, Kali anthelminti antihyperglycemic, Jeeri cum antimicrobial, astringent; skin disorders **Cumin- Bunium Apiaceae 10b See Parsley See Cumin Perennial, full sun to Black, Black persicum Parsley to 11 Taproot: raw or partial sun, moist, Caraway, cooked well-drained, 24”, Kala Jeera Indian, Iranian seed Seed- smoky taste: cumin substitute **Cumin - Trachysper Apiaceae Seed: curry, fish, Annual, full sun, antiseptic, Ethiopian, mum ammi Parsley Indian bread, Indian moist, 5’, seed antispasmodic, Ajowan, snack nut & dry aromatic, bitter, Ajawain, bean mix, legume, digestive, diuretic, Ajwain, pastry, root diaphoretic, vegetables expectorant, tonic Bishop’s Weed, Ethiopian Caraway *Curry Tree, Murraya Rutaceae 9 to Edible, fresh, or Berry: raw Perennial, full sun to Leaves: antidiabetic, Curry Leaf, koenigii Citrus 11 frozen; lose partial shade, well- anthelmintic, Sweet fragrance after drained; prune, analgesic, Neem drying, “curry” become bushier; 20’, antioxidant, invented by British, suckers, cutting, antibacterial, term for spicy main seed; native India antimicrobial, courses; “curry antiinflammatory, powder” British appetizer, digestive invention to imitate stimulant. hepato- flavor of Indian protective, anti- cooking; See bay hypercholesterolemi leaf - leaf c; hair keep healthy sometimes and long; cooling, removed prior to reduce itching; serving—Indian; Ayurveda vata- whole, chopped or kapha pacifying, crushed: beverage, pitta mildly flat bread, chutney, simulating cookie, curry, lentil, Leaf, Bark, Root: marinade, pesto, stomachic, tonic pickle, potato, Bark, Root: stimulant relish, rice, salad, Branches: clean seafood, stew, most teeth, strengthen vegetables gums & teeth Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Curry Plant Helichrysu Asteraceae 8 to Drink, jelly, meat, Perennial, 8” m Aster 9 stew angustifoliu m Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Custard- Annona Annonacea 9 to Fruit, ripe, skin Perennial, flower & Fruit, paste, reticulata e 11 slightly soft: harvest: April to June, external: boil, Apple, Custard Bullocks Apple full sun; leaves long abscess, ulcer Heart, Bulls pointed, not fuzzy; Root bark: toothache Heart can be green when Seed, leaf, young ripe, often yellow/ fruit: insecticidal orangish; inside creamy off-white color; skin thin, not edible; smaller seeds can swallow if hull of seed intact, if not toxic, will vomit until get rid of it; most popular ‘Sartenaya’ seedlings OK, fruit 5 or < yrs; seed most likely produce good fruit, any seed produced by sex, different than mother plant; ‘San Pablo’ fruit 1 mo. apart ‘Sartenaya’ 1 mo. earlier, ‘Tikal’ less fruit, not promoted, flavor & texture special, ‘Benque’ less production, good flavor; scale wipe off with towel, OK to eat; varieties names where found in Belize, 2 to 3 fruit on branch not good, need 2 to 4’ branch with 1 fruit, need leaves to stay on, more not necessarily better, 1 to 2 fruit per reasonably sized branch, remove extra when thumb nail or little finger size; H 25’, W 20’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Cyathula Radix Root: diuretic, pregnancy, Cyathula chronic back ache, excessive Root, menstruatio Hookweed officinalis tx atrophy & spasms n Root, Niu Xi of lower back & extremities

*Daikon Raphanus Brassicacea Leaf: raw, soup, Root, tuber: raw, Annual or biennial; chamomil mustar sativus var. e stir-fry cooked soil aerator, nutrient e, dill, d, Radish, Mustard peppermi nightsh Chinese longipinnat accumulator nt, ades Radish, us rosemary like , sage tomato, Oriental pepper Radish Daisy - Bellis Asteraceae 6 to Flower: salad, tea Biennial English perennis Aster 10

Damiana Turnera Turneracea 11+ candies, baked Perennial, 4-6’ diffusa e Turnera goods, tea *, Taraxacum Asteraceae 3 to Tender immature Flower: Salad, wine, Perennial, grow leaf & root: kidney taproot officinale Aster 10 leaves less bitter, tea (infuse) almost anywhere, alterative, antacid, deficiency bring up **Dandelion, since strong nutrients Lion’s Tooth as age more bitter: Roots-dried: coffee best in rich soil with bitter, hepatic; root: diuretic for Greens, salad, substitute, tea sufficient moisture, anti-lithic (urinary shallower sandwich (decoct) easily self-seeds, stones); -rooting dried: tea (infuse) attract pollinating leaf: diuretic, high B plants, add insects & release vitamins, calcium, minerals ethylene gas which potassium & helps fruit ripen; root: prebiotic, mild nitrogen nutrients accumulated laxative, appetite to soil; phosphorus, tomato- stimulant, antiviral, protects potassium, calcium, lithotripic- kidney against magnesium, iron, stones, tonic; cold; fusarium, copper, silcate bitter, sweet; a wilt, when counteracts heat, grown in drains water, same soil counteracts damp each heat, promotes qi year circulation flower: antioxidant Devil’s Claw, Harpagoph Pedaliacea Tropical, tender Dried secondary ytum e perennial, full sun, tubers: analgesic, Grapple Sesame Plant, Wood procumben may be protected antiinflammatory, Spider s species, 12”, seed; sedative stratify if indoors Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,**Dill Anethum Apiaceae called Dillweed-- Flower: fish, ham, Annual, full sun, rich, Aerial parts: Cabbage Carrot, graveolens Parsley cold soup, cottage pickle, salad, well drained, 4’, seed; antispasmodic, , Cilantr Cucumbe o, cheese, cucumber, vegetable flower head nectar aromatic, diuretic, r, corn, Fennel, cream cheese, egg, source many emmenagogue, Lettuce, lavend green bean, fish, called Dill—Seed: beneficial insects like galactagogue, Onion er, herring, mustard- bread, braised hoverfly, predatory stomachic Tomato based sauce, cabbage, cooked wasp Seeds: calmative, , Wormw omelet, potato, root vegetable, carminative, halitosis ood poultry, salad, pickle, pumpkin, seafood, stuffed meat stews, rice, grape leaves, veal, vinegar vegetable Dock - Rumex Polygonace 4 to cooked or salad Perennial cancer, blood sanguineus ae 9 green disease Bloody, Buckwheat Red-veined dock, Bloodwort Dock - Rumex Polygonace 4 to cooked-drained, tea Perennial, wet leaf- dried, internal, high oxalic crispus ae 8 tea: alterative, acid, mildly Curled, Buckwheat toxic Yellow Dock hepatic, nutritive, mildly laxative for occasional use; high acid leaf- fresh, external: skin sores, inflammation root: chew -loose teeth, inflamed gums; high in tannin Dollarweed, Hydrocotyle Araliaceae Perennial, FL native, Pennywort bonariensis Aralia weed, stems creep & root at nodes, spreads by rhizomes; sandy areas **Dong Angelica Apiaceae up to Root (raw or Perennial, moist, well- Root: alterative, pregnant, sinensis, Parsley 5 cooked): soup, tea drained, root analgesic, breast Quai, Dang feeding, gui, Chinese Radix antiinflammatory, anticoagula angelica Angelicae antispasmodic, nt Sinensis sedative, uterine tonic, hormonal balancer & normalizer, “Calm”- Evergreen Herbs Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Dragon Hylocereus Cactaceae 10 mon Fruit, harvest close Perennial, vining Fruit, Pitaya undatus Cactus to ripe stage; when cactus, self- - Dark Star ‘Dark Star’ fins start to dry out pollinating, flower & (aka look less fruit: warm months; pretty) soft, not full sun to partial mushy or hard, does shade, well-drained, not ripen after fast grower, eliminate harvest: baked lateral stems along goods, frozen- juice, main stem until yogurt, ice cream, reaches top of trellis, preserves tie main stem to trellis Flower buds: post until aerial roots cooked vegetable adhere to post, after plant reach top of trellis, cut tips to induce branching & new laterals; pruning induces flowering & stem branching; prune soon after harvest; 6-10’, cutting *Dragon Hylocereus Cactaceae 10 See above Perennial, self- Fruit, Pitaya undatus x Cactus pollinating, hybrid of - Halley’s polyrhizus white & red fleshed Comet ‘Halley’s fruit, fruit red outside Comet’ & pink inside; cutting *Duranta, Duranta Verbenacea 11 Perennial, full sun, 10 erecta e to 20’, cutting Golden Verbena Dewdrop, Pigeon Berry, Skyflower *,**Echinace Echinacea Asteraceae 2a to stems & leaf: tea Perennial, full sun to alterative, antibiotic, a Purpurea purpurea Aster 10b partial shade, anticatarrhal, division, seed antiseptic, antiviral, sialogogue, stimulant; hot - second degree; use over 5 days decrease effectivenes **Echinacea Echinacea Asteraceae Root: tea Perennial antibiotic, anti- Angustifolia angustifolia Aster imflammatory, antiseptic, antiviral, antifungal, stimulant; hot - second degree Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Eclipta, Eclipa alba Annual, Florida/US, aerial parts, seeds, Bhringaraja, E. prostata endangered in NY, Stem & root: Han Lian native, moist, shade, antihepatotoxic Cao, False 3’ Roots: antifungal Daisy, Yerba Leaf: antibacterial, analgesic (dried) de Tajo Leaf & stem: grind paste- external antiinflammatory- insect bite, burn, swelling, skin disease Extract- ingredient in oil hair products: hair loss, darken hair *Eggplant, Solanum Solanaceae 9 to Fruit: chutney, curry, Delicate perennial, Fruit: cool; sweet; bean, apricot melongena Nightshade 11 dip, salad, stew, grown as annual, S. promotes blood capsicum Aubergine, , garlic, Melongene, stuffed Florida grow in circulation, marigold, Brinjal, summer counteracts heat pea, pepper, Guinea potato, Squash spinach Einkorn Triticum Grain: higher in monococcu protein than m common wheat

Emmer, Triticum Grain: direct Farro turgidum ancestor of durum ssp. wheat dicoccum

Epazote, Dysphania Chenopodia 8b to Use sparingly like produces compound antiparasitic, rub leaf ambrosioid ceae 11 bay leaf: Bean, ascaridole, inhibits on papaya kills Ambrosia, Goosefoot Mexican Tea es corn, fish, the growth of nearby insects mushroom, plants; prefer sandy shellfish; soil; not native, Guatemala, invasive, full sun, Mexican drought tolerant; 3’; self seeds Ephedra, Ephedra Ephedracea full sun, dry, sandy dried stem: children, Ma huang sinica e soil, seed bronchodilator, pregnant adrenergic stimulant Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Elder, Sambucus Caprifoliace 3a to Flower: tea, wine Perennial, deciduous, Berry: high vitamin C unripe seed nigra ae 10 b Berries- ripe, blue- full sun to light shade, Berry & Flower: in green Elderberry berry mildly black or black (not 8 to 10’, ‘Triumph” alterative, antiviral, poisonous, red or white best; dormant in diaphoretic, all green varieties): jelly, winter, self pollinating; normalize body parts muffin, pie, syrup, general insecticide, temperature, poisonous, wine leaves encourage immune stimulating red or white fruit not compost Leaf: external, salve- edible fermentation, cutting, traumatic injuries, seed, underground old burns, rhizome suckers ulcerations, insecticide,hemorrho ids; Flower: dry hair Elecampane Inula Asteraceae 5a to roots & rhizomes, Perennial, 4-6’, seed Roots <2-3yrs: not long helenium Aster 8b 2-3 yr, dried: tea; antiasthmatic, term use, candied astringent, pregnant expectorant, pectoral *Elixir of the Heimia Lythraceae 7 to Perennial, full sun to Leaf- ferment in constant to salicifolia Loosestrife 10 light shade, moist, H water in sun for 24 excessive Sun use may 8-10’ hours to 3 days: eventually antispasmodic, hamper hallucinogenic, short-term sedative memory *Endive, Cichorium Asteraceae 4 to salad full sun to partial Escarole endivia Aster 10 shade, moist

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Myrtaceae tea antiasthmatic, oil: not globules Myrtle anticatarrhal ,antispe internal tic, antimicrobial, expectorant *, eo- Corymbia Myrtaceae 9a to Perennial, full sun, antiseptic, antiviral, pregnant, citriodora Myrtle 11 40’, seed bactericidal, homeopathi Eucalyptus- cs Lemon, calmative, Lemon deodorant, Scented expectorant, fungicidal, Gum insecticide Eucommia Eucommia Bark: tonify liver & Bark, Du ulmoides kidney, strengthen Zhong bones, lower back Evening alcoholism Primrose **Eyebright Euphrasia Scrophulari tea (infuse) Annual, sun to partial Aerial parts: officinalis aceae shade, moist, 2 to 8” antiinflammatory, H astringent, eyesight, tonic Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name False Chamaeliri Melanthiace 4 to Root: tea Perennial, dioecious, Root: bitter, Unicorn um luteum ae 9 shade, acid soil, emmenagogue, Root, moist, seed uterine tonic Blazing Star *, **Fennel, Foeniculum Apiaceae 5 to Bean, beet, lentil, Flower: butter, oil, Perennial, full sun, carminative, seed- Swallowt Bean, vulgare Parsley 10 mayonnaise, pâtés, salmon, well drained, nutrients antacid, antiemetic, ail Caraw Common butterfly ay, Fennel omelet, potato, salad, vinegar accumulated antifungal, antiviral, Corian F. var. pork, poultry, rice, Seed: apple pie, nitrogen, phosphorus; appetite depressant, der, Bronze ‘Purpureum salad, sauce, bread, cabbage, 5’, seed, division anodyne, Dill, ’ seafood, stuffing, cracker, curry, antispasmodic, Pepper Fennel tomato sauerkraut, aromatic, depurative, , Tomato sausages, soup, diuretic, , tomato sauce emmenogogue, Wormw expectorant, ood galactogogue, insect repellent, laxative, splenic, stomachic Fennel - Foeniculum Apiaceae cooked Florence, vulgare var. Parsley Sweet azoricum Fennel, Fetticus, Finocchio *, Trigonella Fabaceae 6 to (dried) boiled root Seed: Berber spice Annual, full sun, well- Seeds: **Fenugreek foenumgra Legume 10 vegetable mix (along with drained, fertile, soil anticholesteremic, ecum ajowan, allspice, nitrogen fixer: at end antidiabetic, methi – fresh or black peppercorn, of season remove antiinflammatory, dried leaf: spinach, cardamom, chili, aerial parts, leave demulcent, potato, yam – cinnamon, clove, roots in soil, 2’ expectorant, Indian coriander, ginger), galactagogue, tonic; bread, curry, fish, lung problems - fried food, stew; External: facial sprouted—salad Feverfew Tanacetum Asteraceae 5a to tea (infuse) Flower: tea (infuse) Perennial, full sun, aperient, blood- parthenium Aster 9b 24”, seed, division, carminative, bitter, thinning medications cutting emmenagogue, general tonic; flowering tops alcohol tincture- pain & swelling of insect bites & vermin *Fiddlewood Citharexylu Verbenacea 10b Perennial, FL native, m e to 11 part shade/sun; Verbena fruticosum drought tolerant, H 15-25’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Fig - Ficus Moraceae 7a to Fruit: raw Perennial, flower: Brown carica Mulberry 10 spring to early fall; Turkey ‘Brown harvest: late spring to Turkey’ late fall, full sun; rich, moist, manure, feed; fruit grow on new branches; prune only to reduce size; H 15’, W 15’, cutting *Fig - Yellow Ficus Moraceae Perennial, small fruit, Neches carica Mulberry earliest bearing, ‘Yellow carmel/vanilla taste Neches’ *Firebush Hamelia Rubiaceae 8 to Fruit: raw, fermented Perennial, sun to patens Madder 11 drink partial shade; shrub, native to American subtropics & tropics, attract hummingbirds; 15’, cutting, air layer **Flax seed, Linum Linaceae Annual, 4’ emollient, nervine carrot, Linseed usitatissium demulcent, laxative; potato um high dietary fiber, omega-3 * Florida Forestiera Oleaceae 8 to Perennial, FL native, Privet, Wild segregata Olive 11 Palm City Palms Olive, Ink 3/16, small tree or Bush large shrub, prunable, drought tolerant, semi-deciduous, full sun to part shade, 8 to 10' H & W, seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Fo-Ti, He- Polygonum Polygonace Root tuber: tea Perennial twinning Adaptogen, unprocesse multiflorum ae (decoct), boiled vine; warm moist, analgesic, d root Shou-Wu, Buckwheat diarrhea w/ Kashuu sandy soil, high antibacterial, abdominal organic matter, antipyretic, pain, drainage; cutting aphrodisiac, nausea, & 2/15; harvest root 3 to antiscrofulous, vomiting; 4 years, spring or fall; astringent, large doses extremity fall best quality, hypoglcyemic, numbness; dense & starchy; phytoestrogen, long-term & light, porous, bifrous sedative, skin tonic; high dose poor quality; before unprocessed root- liver dry boil roots; cleaned little bitter, slightly damage & end rootlets sliced sweet, neutral, off; large roots size & relaxes bowel, shape of baby detoxifies sores; expensive; before processed root- little process cut into cube- sweet, astringent, shaped pieces about slightly warm, 1/2” square or slice invigorates liver & 3/8” thick; 3-6’ long or kidneys, more; stem cutting, supplements Qi & root division, seed, blood layering Foxglove - Digitalis Scrophulari 4 to Perennial, full sun Waldigone grandiflora aceae 9 northern; likes best x obscura part sun to shade, “Waldigone’ well-drained, moist, PPAF 18”, dead flower stalks self sow, attracts wildlife Freekeh Grain- green wheat: boil * Frostweed, Verbesina Asteraceae 6a to Perennial, FL native, Leaves: tobacco White virginica Aster 8b 3/16 Palm City substitute Crownbeard Palms, deciduous, , Indian spreads quickly once Tobacco, established, Tickweed deadhead if not want volunteer seadlings; can cut back fuller plant & more blooms; flower fall, host tiger swallowtail, larval host plant for butterflies, full to part sun, H 4-6’, self-sows freely Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Gaillardia Gaillardia Asteraceae self-seed, drought sp. Sunflower tolerant Galangal - Kaempferia Zingiberace 9b to coconut dish, fish Rhizome (yellowish Perennial, partial to Rhizome & leaf- pandurata ae 11 curry; Indonesian, brown skin, yellow full shade, well- dried less taste & Fingerroot, Ginger Chinese Thai interior): curry, drained, 2’, spring- potency: Keys, salad, soup; division antimutagenic Lesser Southeast Asia Flower: salad Ginger *Galangal - Alpinia Zingiberace 8a to Rhizome: (light Perennial, partial Rhizome- dried less pregnant galanga ae 11 orange-brown skin, shade, well-drained, taste & potency: Greater, Ginger Laos, pale yellow or white moist, 7’, spring- abortifacient, Langkwas, interior): curry, stew, division antituberculosis, Siamese or sambal, satay, soup, antioxidant, sauce; Indonesian, antiinflammatory, Thai Ginger Thai nervine stimulant& Flower: salad tonic also treat skin infection Galangal- Kaempferia Zingiberace 8a to cooked, Malay rice Rhizome (reddish Perennial, partial to Rhizome- galanga ae 11 dish with white interior): full shade, moist, 1’, endangered, dried Kencur, Ginger Aromatic curry, rice, salad, spring- division less taste & potency: Ginger, sauce, soup; Asian carminative, Sand Flower: salad expectorant, diuretic, Ginger, stimulant, also insecticide Resurrection Lily *Galangal - Alpinia Zingiberace 8 to Rhizome (red-brown Perennial, partial Rhizome, 4 to 6 officinarum ae 11 interior): chicken, shade, moist, well- years old- dried less Lesser, Ginger Galangal, coconut-based drained, white, red- taste & potency: Chinese- sauce, curry, lamb, lipped flowers, 3’, nervine tonic, ginger, seafood, soup, stew, spring- division warming digestive Siamese tea; Indonesian, tonic, stimulant & Thai tonic, carminative, Ginger, Flower: salad antiemetic, Spice antiinflammatory, Ginger, India expectorant, Root antifungal, antibacterial Garden Anchusa Boraginace Flower: avocado, azurea ae melon, pink Anchusa, Borage or Italian Forget-Me- shellfish, salad, Bugloss Not salmon Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Gardenia, Gardenia Rubiaceae Perennial, acidic, Fruit, ripe, dried: Cape jasminoides yellow leaf w/ low Fe, antiphlogistic, Jasmine, Zhi , Fructus vinegar increases pH, antipyretic, Zi gardeniae bright indirect light or cholagogue, diuretic, partial shade, sedative; bitter, cool; External: bruise, sprain - “Calm” Evergreen Herbs Garlic Allium Alliaceae 3 to See chives Clove: cheese, egg, Perennial, 12”, antiseptic and meds: Rose, Bean, sativum Onion 8 pesto, salad, soup, Florida soft neck aromtic sulfur-rich antiplatelet, Tomato, Pea blood- beetroot, syrup, meat varieties; refrigerate molecules, thinning, chard, bulbs month or longer isothiocyanates- not protease lettuce, before planting, plant active form in clove- inhibitor strawberr before cool weather, need traumatized- y, place cloves 2” deep, inactive forms & summer savory 3” apart;cover with 2” enzyme converts straw or pine-needles them, break to minimize membranes, enzyme temperature changes; kicks into action, full sun or light shade; isothiocyantes born, nutrients accumulated maximum medicinal sulfur, manganese effect, chop & let rest 2 to 3 minutes, close to raw or infused into warm olive oil or soup: anthelmintic, anticholesteremic anitparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal, antibiotic, anticatarrhal, antioxidant, antispetic & antimicrobial (uncooked), prebiotic, stimulant; warm; sulfur cleansing; dandruff; phytonutrient: allicin *Garlic - Tulbaghia Alliaceae 7 to Scallions—salad, Bulb: salad, soup— Perennial, full sun, beetroot, bean, violacea Onion 11 soup—see garlic see garlic sand, well drained, chard, pea Society lettuce, and chives 12-16” strawberr y, summer savory Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Gentian, Gentiana Gentianace to 5 Perennial, sun to part Root & rhizomes: Bitter Root, lutea ae shade, moist, 4’, antibacterial, Balmony prefers cool climate antiinflammatory, appetite stimulant, bitter, digestive tonic, cholagogue, choleretic, tx dyspepsia, secretagogue, sialagogue, stomachic; cold, bitter, drying *Geranium- Pelargoniu Geraniacea 8 to see Geranium- Perennial, full sun, Aromatic Coconut m e 11 Rose sand, moist, self- grossularioi Geranium sows des *eo- Pelargoniu Geraniacea 10 to Cake, dessert, Flower: ice cream, Perennial, full sun, Internal: Gerani m e 11 drink, jam, jelly, tea jam, jelly, salad, well-drained, moist antidepressant, um, Geranium- Geranium scente Rose graveolens sorbet soil, nutrients antiseptic, anti- d accumulated inflammation, manganese, iron, aromatic, astringent, copper, cobalt, zinc, relaxant silicate; 24”, cutting, External: acne, seed hemorrhoids, eczema, bruise, ringworm, lice

oil: insect repellent eo: revitalize body tissue, aromatic- release negative memories

Germander Teucrium 5a to Perennial, full sun to slight aperient, chamaedry 9 b partial shade, 12”, diaphoretic, diuretic, s seed, division, stimulant, tonic layering Ginger - Hedychium Zingiberace Rhizome—boil, coronarium ae sweeten Butterfly Lily Ginger Yellow Hedychium Flower: Butterfly flavescens Ginger Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,**Ginger, Zingiber Zingiberace 9 to Root: Perennial, full sun to Rhizome- internal: blood- officinale ae 11 Fresh—cake, light shade, moist, 6’, antiemetic, thinning Root Ginger, Ginger medications Green cheese dish, division or seed, anticatarrhal, , bleeding Ginger, chutney, cookie, some roots sprayed anticholesteremic, disorders Sheng Jiang curry, drink, fish, to inhibit growth appetizer, aromatic, fruit, pickle, pudding, carminative, marinade, shellfish, diaphoretic, soup, soy sauce, expectorant, nervine stew, sweet bread, stimulant, vegetable, tea thermogenic Dried—cake, chewed: sialogogue cookie, dessert, external: rubefacient; sweet dish acrid warm; “Calm” Evergreen Herbs; dry/fresh: hot - third degree; pungent, sweet; promotes qi circulation, counteracts cold, resolves phlegm dry: yang, promotes blood circulation fresh: reduces wind cold Ginger - Zingiber Zingiberace Root- hot & Perennial, moist, Rhizome: analgesic cassumuna ae camphorous taste— partially shaded, rich anti-neuralgic, anti- Bengal Ginger ginger, Thai r see above organic matter, winter inflammatory, ginger, Plai dormant; rhizome antiseptic, syn.- division antispasmodic, montanum antioxidant, antitoxic, anti-viral, carminative, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge *Ginger- Zingiber Zingiberace 7b to Perennial, sun to Flower, liquid: Shampoo zerumbet ae 11 partial shade, moist, shampoo Ginger 6-8’, division Ginkgo Ginkgo Ginkgoacea 3a to tea (infuse), powder Perennial, dioecious, Leaf: antioxidant, anticoagula biloba e 9b full sun, harvest Fall, stimulant, circulatory nt therapy, breastfeedi part yellow, 66-115’ tonic; circulatory ng, congestion, nervous pregnant; deficiency, do not eat Alzheimer’s fruit or seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name ex- Panax Araliaceae Root: tea (decoct) 18” Root: Ginseng- quinquefoli Aralia immunomodulator, American, Xi us stimulant, tonic; Yang Shen, sweet, cool; yin hua qi shen tonic, tonify Qi, promote generation & secretion of body fluids; Radix Panacis Quinque Folii, “Nourish (fluids)” Evergreen Herbs Ginseng- Panax Araliaceae Root: See Ginseng Root: alterative, Asian or ginseng Aralia immunomodulator, Korean hepatoprotective, stimulant **Ginseng - Eleutheroc Araliaceae 3a to Root: tea (decoct) Perennial, Root: adaptogen, yin occus Aralia 8b antitoxic, deficient, Siberian, yang Eleuthero senticosus hepatoprotective, hyperactive gastroprotective, antihyperglycemic, immunotropic, anti- tumor, endocrine normalizing, anxiolytic, immunomodulator, nervine tonic & stimulant, expels pathogenic wind & eliminates dampness Glehnia, Glehnia Apiaceae 6a to Perennial, Root: antioxidant, radiation American littoralis Parsley 8b groundcover, long antitumor, therapy silvertop taproot, full sun, antibacterial, root, Bei moist, <6” antifungal, Sha Shen antiinflammatory, analgesic; “Nourish (fluids)” Evergreen Herbs Goat’s Rue, Galega Fabaceae 3a to tea (infuse) Perennial, sun to antidiabetic French lilac, officinalis Legume 9b partial shade, FL Italian fitch, noxious weed, 4-6 ft, Professor- self-sows freely weed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Golden Physalis Solanaceae 10a Fruit, covered in Perennial or annual, Berry, Cape peruviana Nightshade to 11 papery husk, drops shrub, full sun, do not Berry, Cape off when ripe: dried, over fertilize, cultivate Gooseberry, raw, desert, jam, like tomatoes, will Inca Berry, pie, salad, stew grow in a tomato cage, 1 to 3’, seed Peruvian or (6/9/15 Mike, GFF), Giant cutting, air layer, plant Ground (3/16 Larry Z) Cherry, Polha *Goldenrod, Solidago Asteraceae Flower: tea diuretic, kidney chronic canadensis Sunflower stones, soothe kidney Solidago inflammatio bladder & urinary n tract, urinary tonic; UTI **, ex- Hydratis Ranunculac 3 to Perennial, Root: alterative, pregnant canadensis eae 9 endangered, partial to antibacterial, Goldenseal, Buttercup Orangeroot, full shade, 12-18”, antibiotic, Yellow Root division, seed anticatarrhal, antifungal, antispetic, antimicrobial, astringent, antimicrobial, bitter, hemostatic, hepatic, nephritic, mucosal tonic Gooseberry Phyllanthus Phyllanthac Perennial; harvest: Tree; acidus eae Sept. to Nov.; full sun, Otaheite H 25’, W 20’ gooseberry, Malay, Star Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Gotu Kola, Centella Apiaceae 8 to Drink, rice, salad, Perennial, stem Leaf: alterative, do not eat asiatica Parsley 11 stew, tea—Indian, located at leaf antioxidant, fruit or Brahmi, seed, Indian Thai circumference, cytophylactic, antidiabetic Pennywort, dollarweed stem in diuretic, & Elephant leaf center; full sun, hypotensive, nervine anticholeste moist, creeping; sedative, refrigerant, rol Plant, harvest “hair-cut regenerative tonic, medications Marshpenny method” using stimulant, varicose scissors cut off all veins, chronic leaves, quick grows venous insufficiency, new batch of tender vulnerary (internal & leaves; seed, above- external) ground runners, root division *Grape- Vitis or Vitaceae 7 to grape leaves Fruit: jam, juice, pie, Perennial, 1 long antioxidant Muscadine: Muscadinia Grape 10 smoothie, wine lateral branch, not cut Ison- Black na off, left & right cut rotundifolia back to 2 buds, side branches; self-fertile, seed, layering from vine previously born grapes *Grape- Vitis Vitaceae 7 to grape leaves Fruit: eating, jam, Perennial, self-fertile, antioxidant Muscadine: rotundifolia Grape 10 juice, wine flower: late spring; Carlos ‘Carlos’ & harvest: Aug. to (bronze/ ‘Noble’ Sept.; full sun; white) & organic, rich, well- drained, provide Noble (red) climbing support, seed, H 25’, W 25’ Grape Seed Vitis antioxidant, healthy vinifera vision & eye function Gravel Root, Eupatorium Asteraceae 3 to Root: tea (decoct) Perennial, full sun to Root: anti-rheumatic, long term purpureum Aster 9 light shade, moist, carminative, diuretic, use many Joe-pye damage Weed rich, 4-7’ lithotripic- kidney liver & stones, nervine, kidneys, tonic pregnant Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Grewia, Grewia Malvaceae 9 to Berry, ripe purple to Perennial, deciduous, Berry: antioxidant Phalsa, asiatica Mallow 11 black: raw, jam, shrub, full to partial Falsa ‘Sherbet wine sun, moist well- Berry’ drained soil, drought tolerant, self-fertile, fruit bear on new wood, trim hard to encourage new fruiting wood; attracts wildlife, cutting, H 6 to 15’ Grindelea expectorant *Grumicham Eugenia Myrtaceae 10a tea (infuse) Fruit- green to red to Perennial, yellow fruit Leaf, Bark- infusion: a, Brazilian braziliensis Myrtle to 11 dark purple & black more rare; prefer acid aromatic, astringent, Plum, as ripen: jam, jelly, sand, deep fertile, diuretic, rheumatism Brazilian pie, raw rich, moist soil to Cherry increase fruit; flower: Wood: carpentry, April to May.; harvest: woodworking, May to June, prefer turnery partial shade, can fruit in full sun; considered endangered species; seed, air layer, graft, cutting, H 25’, W 20’ **Guarana Paulinia Sapindacea Seed: coffee, drinks, tropical climbing Seed: narcotic, pregnant cupana e medicine ball, tea shrub nervine stimulant, (decoct) nutritive Guava- Psidium Myrtaceae 9 to Fruit- smooth, Perennial, full sun to Fruit: high ascorbic Ruby guajava Myrtle 11 sweet, aromatic, partial shade; fruit acid Supreme ‘Ruby yellow when ripe, year-round 60 to 90 Roots, bark, leaf, Supreme’ skin yield slight to day cycle, March to immature fruit: touch : fresh, jelly, Oct., 10’, seed, astringent juice cutting, air-layer, graft Leaf, crushed, 12/5/14 Logee’s- Paul external: wound, & Julia ulcer, toothache Guayusa Ilex Aquifoliacea 9 to Dried: tea Perennial, tree, likes Leaf: high caffeine, guayusa e 11 humidity, shade, H 8’, antioxidant; no cutting tannins, stimulant, tonic Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Guduchi, Tinospora Menisperm stem: tea (decoct, herbaceous vine Stem: possible Amrit cordifolia aceae 10-15 minutes, adaptogen, steep 1/2 hour) antiinflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic hepatoprotective, immunomodulator; bitter warm, dry Guggulu Commiphor oleogum resin: a mukul antibacterial Gymnema, Gymnema Asclepiadac 9 to tea (infuse) Perennial,woody, Leaf: antidiabetic, Cowplant, sylvestre eae 10 vine-like, well- antisweetener, Miracle fruit drained, rich, slightly antiinflammatory moist **Hawthorn, Cataegus Rosaceae tea (infuse) Berry: tea (decoct) harvest before Fruit, dried ripe: shan zha monogyna Rose Flower: tea flowers open, window antiarryhtmic, Fruit: jam, jelly, 4 days antiinflammatory, syrup, wine increase coronary blood flow, cardiac insufficiency, diuretic, angina, exercise tolerance, sedative; sour, sweet; warm *Hawthorn- Raphiolepis Rosaceae 8 to Fruit- edible cooked: Perennial shrub, Indian indica Rose 11 jam seasonal flowers & ‘Alba’ fruit, full sun to part shade, 2-3’, seed, cutting, layer Hazelnuts, 20 per 1 oz serving, Filberts 180 calories; proanthocyanidins Hemp seed Cannabis Cannabace Seed: baked good, Annual 3 T (30 g), cal 170, sativa ae dessert, flour, raw, fat 14 g, omega-3 3 salad, smoothie, g, CHO 2 g, fiber 1 sprouted, milk, tea g, protein 10 g, Fe 15%, P 50%, Mg 50%, Zn 25%; low levels or no THC, *Hibiscus - Hibiscus Malvceae 6a to flower: salad Perennial, sun to Red Star, coccineus Mallow 11 partial shade, high Scarlet moisture, bog & Rose water, seed from dry Mallow pod Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Hibiscus - Hibiscus Malvceae cooked greens, Calyx: chutney, fruit Annual, full sun, 4-7’, Calyx & leaf: anti- Roselle, sabdariffa Mallow curries, fish, meat, salad, jelly, juice, seed after March 15, inflammatory, Florida raw salad pie, relish, sauce, flowers Oct. antiscorbutic, cranberry, tea (decoct) with antioxidant, anti- Indian lemongrass & mint, tumor promoting, wine; ingredient in cardio-protective, sorrel, ‘Red Zinger’ tea diuretic, Jamaican hepatoprotective, sorrel Seed: coffee hypotensive, substitute neuroprotective, mild laxative, refrigerant, sedative; high in vitamin C; Flower: helps decrease pro-cancer gene Bc1-2 * Hibiscus Abelmosch Malvceae 8b to Young leaf: raw Tropical, tender Leaf: nutritious Manihot, us manihot Mallow 11 salad, sandwich perennial; deciduous; Sunset green leaf shape vary from Muskmallow round to bid foot , Sunset Older leaf: stir-fry, shaped; high organic steamed matter,; full sun to Hibiscus, part shade, prune for Aibika, Large leaves: bushier plant; H 4-6’, Sweet wraps, burritos woody stem cutting, Hibiscus seed Hog Plum, Spondias Perennial, flower: Mombin sp. March; harvest: June to July, full sun; H 25’, W 30’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Honey Apis Apidae honey- darker from honeybee 1 to 2 T honey/day; higher protein older, best vehicle to lighter more energy deliver to body, GI for younger bees: system regulate; sweetener, sugar honey rose water; substitute higher fructose less crystallization, same as liquid honey; inhalation 10-50% honey, inhale steam; insomnia 1 T honey with warm water; energy with cold water; equal parts honey, rye flour, & olive oil; drop into eye, burn 2 min., cure cataracts, 20% honey with water; varies depend on floral source & geographic location; antioxidant, anti- inflammatory; antibacterial; antimicrobial- do not heat, dilute with water; expectorant; wounds; moisturize, nourish; normalize kidney function, recovery alcohol intoxication, diabetes, protect liver; chemotherapy decrease neuropathy Honeybee- pollen bread 1 part pollen honey to 2 parts bee pollen; every male take for prostrate Honeybee- fresh after 10 days, Royal Jelly freeze dry up to 3 years Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Honeybee MS, drink 1 liter Venom water and full stomach before, apistam… pill 2-3 tablets under tongue daily

Honeybee- Apis apis mellifica, dead Chitin mellifera honeybees, make tea in water; antiallergic Honeybee- tincture with alcohol, Propolis water, oil; capsule- different purposes; bee’s collect buds of plants; propolis not good in FL * Lonicera Caprifoliace 5a to tea (decoct) Perennial, vine, sun dried & smoked: sempervire ae 10b to part shade, 3-20’, asthma; leaves Honeysuckl Honeysuckl e- Coral ns e cutting, stratified seed ground by chewing & Honeysuckl apply to bee stings, e leaves decoct for sore throat & cough Ho Shou Wu alterative **Hops Humulus Cannabace 4 to Flower cone & Perennial, full sun, Strobile or seed hops in lupulus ae 9 grains, strobiles, dioecious vine, cones, female beer- Cannabis erectile female, dried: tea female plants- flower: astringent, dysfunction (infuse- floral scent, flowers, 30’, reseeds, antispasmodic, light golden color, cutting, division bitter, carminative, strong bitter diuretic; dried-aged aftertaste) 6 mo. to 2 years: fresh: beer-- nervine sedative & marinate meat in tonic; cold; bitter; beer to reduce yin; promote qi HCA’s circulation Horehound, Marrubium Lamiaceae 4a to beverage, tea Perennial, full sun, Leaves: antiseptic, some vulgare Mint 9b (infuse), candy dry, poor, well-drained bitter tonic, species White toxic Horehound (coughs, colds), circulatory stimulant, cough drop demulcent, expectorant **Horse Aesculus tea Bark: tea Perennial, 80’ Nut: salve; grind, contains hippocasta Nuts: external use infuse oil, massage toxic Chestnut glycosides num only varicose veins; & saponins varicosities Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Horsemint, Monarda Lamiaceae all cooked, salad, tea Biennial or short-lived antispasmodic, Dotted Mint, punctata Mint (infuse) perennial, full sun to aromatic, Gravel-Wort, part shade, drought bactericide, Spotted Bee tolerant, early carminative, Balm summer prune to emmenagogue, reduce height & still germicide, immune produce blossoms; stimulant; high cut back bloom stalks thymol; External- near end of flowering rubefacient may lengthen bloom period; butterfly nectar, attract native bees & hummingbirds; wet conditions susceptible to fungal attacks; 1-3’, self-fertile, seed, cutting, division Horseradish Armoracia Brassicacea 3a to Salad Root: beets, fish, ice Perennial, full sun to rubefacient, beetroot, runner rusticana e 9b cream, pie, relish, light shade, 18”, stimulant, stomachic; chard, bean, Mustard celery, strawb salad, salad division hot - third degree celeriac, erry, dressing, sauce, dill, tomato soup nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato **Horsetail, Equisetum Equisetace tea (infuse) Barren stem: kidney arvense or ae astringent, stones, Shavegrass, ACE Scouring hyemale antiscorbutic, inhibitor, Rush diuretic, nephritic, CHF, refrigerant, styptic, pregnant, frequent bladder build up of infection -high silica calcium, potassium, silica, small nicotine; oily hair; hair body, growth, luster, & shine; neutral; sweet, bitter; drains water; can be drying, build & strengthen bone, make formula, not as simples Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Horsestail, Equisetum Equisetace 10 to tea Perennial, moist, diuretic, hypotensive Andean bogotense ae 11 marsh, bog, lake, river shores; humid area; seed

*Hydrilla Hydrilla Hydrocharit 5a to Perennial, noxious antioxidant; high verticillata aceae 11 weed, bogs, water calcium garden; whorls normally 5, serrations or small spines midrib Hydrogen disinfectant, bleach Peroxide alternative; whiten grout, remove stains *Hyssop Hyssopus Lamiaceae 3a to Pasta, salad, Flower: butter, fruit Perennial, full sun, Leaves: aromatic, Cabbage Radish officinalis Mint 11 sandwich, sauce, sauce, salad, soup, dry, 24”, seed, carminative, , Grape soft cheese vinegar division, cutting, diaphoretic, cut back in spring normalize body temperature, expectorant, febrifuge, pectoral, stimulant; lung ailments *Hyssop- Agastache Lamiaceae 4 to Lemonade, pesto, Flower: salad Perennial, cut back Anise foeniculum Mint 9 tea 1/3 after flower, full Hyssop, sun, rich, moist, 4’ Licorice Mint, Korean Mint Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Hyssop - Agastache Lamiaceae 6a to Perennial, sun to Mexican rugosa x Mint 10b partial shade, well- Giant foeniculum drained, 36”, prune Hyssop ‘Blue annually; sterile, Fortune’ division, cutting; attract pollinators Ice Cream Inga edulis Fabaceae 9b to Pod, pulp: cooked, Perennial; over 200 seed not Bean, Inga Legume 11 raw, jelly, jam varieties; fast edible growing, 2 to 3 crops per year; edulis means edible; poor soil & acid tolerant; nitrogen fixer with help of Rhizobium bacteria which house in specialized root nodules, because introduce nitrogen from air into soil, root nodules act like fertilizer, help improve soil fertility; prune to small tree; fruit 2 years from seed; 98’ H; seed Iboga Tabernanth Perennial, shrub bark of root: anti- e iboga addictive, detoxification, anti- herpes, hallucinogen, nervine stimulant Ilama, Annona Annonacea 2 different kinds Papausa diversifolia e foliage; aromatic, flavor like cream & strawberry; pick after split; top dessert fruit; not common, seeds usually do not germinate; cv ‘Guillermo’ pulp adhere to seeds, pull apart, thick, hard skin, ‘Genova Red’ red flesh, ‘Genova White’ white flesh, ‘Pajapita’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Irish Moss, Chondrus Gigartinace red algae- antacid, demulcent, blood- crispus ae beverage; thickener emollient, nutritive; thining Carrageen medications Moss in stew, gravy, salad cool dressing, aspics, pies, gels; substitute for agar- agar Ivy Gourd Coccinia Cucurbitace 8 to young shoots, Fruit, like bitter Tropical vine, sterile Fruit: antioxidant, grandis ae 11 cooked melon: curry, boil, variety from India; anti-hypoglycemic, Cucumber or Gord soup sun, moist soil immune system modulator *Jaboticaba Myrciaria Myrtaceae 9b to Fruit: drink, jam, Perennial, flower: antioxidant, , Jabotica cauliflora Myrtle 11 jelly, liqueur, tarts, Dec. to April; harvest: antiinflammatory, wine Feb. to May; full sun, anticancer rich, moist, slightly acidic, likes coffee grounds; H 20’, W 15’ *Jackfruit, Artocarpus Moraceae 9b to Tender young Seeds, edible: boil, Perennial, host trellis Pulp, seeds: cooling, fruit sticky heterophyll Mulberry 11 leaves: cooked then roast for pepper vine & nutritious, tonic latex: rub Jakfruit cooking oil us yam; fruit borne on on hands Fruit, unripe, green: main truck & interior before cooked, baked dish, of large branches; cutting fruit soup prune when humid, skirt, leave collar, Fruit, ripe, greenish bottom & top; flower: yellow to brownish regrows after heavy yellow, points of pruning; when side spines grow further branches pruned, apart & flatten fruiting branchless slightly, skin yields continue to sprout on slightly to pressure, lower trunk; not after harvest mature tolerate water fruit ripens 3-7 days, stagnation, or poor raw: cake, ice drainage, warm cream, pickle, salad, months & dry periods; soup fruit 10 to 60 pounds; harvest: late spring through fall; full sun, moist; H 60’, W 60’, seed, graft, cutting Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Jamaican Piscidia Fabaceae 11 Perennial tree, Bark, dried: Dogwood, piscipula Pea deciduous, light strongest non- Florida shade, 40’, seed, narcotic; Fishpoison allow pod to dry on antiinflammatory, Tree plant antispasmodic, sedative, sciatica, bulging discs, toxic to cold blooded animals *Jasmine, Jasminum Oleaceae 9 to Flower: coffee, tea Perennial, 6-10’, Arabian sambac Olive 11 cutting Jasmine *Jatropha - Jatropha Euphorbiac 8a to Perennial, full sun to traditional use bites all parts gossypifolia eae 11 partial shade, self- and stings poisonous if Bellyache Spurge ingested Bush sows freely; 4-6’ H

*Jatropha- Jatropha Euphorbiac 9b to Perennial, full sun to attract wildlife all parts integerrima eae 11 light shade, attract poisonous if Spicy Spurge ingested Jatropha, wildlife, woody Peregrina cutting, seed *Jatropha- Jatropha Euphorbiac 9b to Perennial, sun to milky sap: antiseptic multifida eae 11 partial shade, tropical, bandage; attract Mbuluki, Spurge Coral Plant, woody, well-drained, wildlife Physic Nut drought tolerant, seed, self-sows freely, H 6-8’ Jewels-of- Talinum Portulacaea leaves edible succulent subshrub Leaves: antioxidant, paniculatu e anit-infammatory Opar, Purslane Flameflower m Roots:

Jiaogulan, Gynostem Cucurbitace 8a to tea - dried, 1 Perennial, climbing calming adaptogen, ma ae 11 teaspoon, 8 oz. vine, dioecious, grow antioxidant, Sweet Tea Cucumber Vine pentaphyllu or Gord water, decoct 10-15 male and female for expectorant, m minutes, steep 1/2 seed; sun to full hypocholesteremic, hour (sweet, slightly shade, moist, 10-12’ hepatoprotective, bitter, neutral) immune potentiator, nervine Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Jicama Pachyrhizu Fabaceae 9a to Tuberous root, peel Perennial, vine up to tuberous root, skin other parts s erosus Pea 10a skin poisonous; do 20’ long, nitrogen peeled: oligofructose of plant (hee-cama), poisonous, Mexican not refrigerate, store fixing; enhance root inulin- probiotic; high outer skin, Yam Bean, dry 1-2 months: raw, growth prune vine vitamin C seeds, Mexican cooked- boil, roast, 3-5’ & remove leaves, soup, stir-fry flowers; 9 months pods- Turnip harvest root, when contain Rotenone a vine begin to die natural down: full sun, moist pesticide soil; division, seed Job’s Tears, Coix Poaceae Grain: drink, cold cool; sweet; tonify pregnant Coix, lacryma- Grass soup, tea blood & Qi; Chinese jobi counteracts damp & Pearl Barley heat, drains water, reduces wind damp Jujube Fruit, Ziziphus Rhamnacea 6 to young: cooked Fruit, dry on tree, Perennial, shrub or Fruit: antifungal, jujuba e 9 green when young, small deciduous tree; antibacterial, Chinese Buckthorn Black Date, dark red, then black hundreds of cultivated antispastic, Korean with a sweet flavor: varieties; widely antioxidant, Date, Indian fresh, candied, grown in mild- antiulcer, canned, dried like temperate regions; antiinflammatory, Date, Da dates hot dry climates, not cardiotonic, Zao fruit well in humid hypotensive, areas; small fruit immunostimulant, about 1” Jan.-May, sedative, wound can eat green like healing; sweet; apple to yellow like warm; generates pear, can eat skin; flesh, nourish blood; 30’; suckers Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae, “Nourish (fluids)” Evergreen Herbs; cutting, graft Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Jujube- Ziziphus Rhamnacea 8a to Fruit, dry on tree, Perennial, ?FL Indian/ mauritiana e 11 yellowish-orange to invasive, 4/11/15 Chinese, brown: raw, pickled, Gary Gomes, Indian; Indian Plum beverage, bread, fruit Sept.-Nov., jam pollinated by honeybee, wasp, fly; full sun; Giant’ recommend, low maintenance, good eating, bullet proof, after fruit trim back to smaller size, no matter branching sprawling, don’t let fruit dry on tree, will rot in FL; ’Chinese’ grow in China, ‘Giant Thai’ better flavor & quality; hard to prune, vigorous, full sun or partial shade, well- drained, sandy loam neutral or slightly alkaline pH; 15-35’, graft less thorns, seed more thorns, suckerseed, graft, bud, can prune 6’ as a bushy shrub **Juniper Juniperus Cupressace 3a to Berry -dried: game Perennial, coniferous antispetic, anticoagula communis ae 6b birds, venison, duck, evergreen antimicrobial, nts, Berries Cypress antiplatelets rabbit, pork, ham, astringent, nephritic, , lamb, meat pates, strong urinary tract antidiabetic sauce, stuffing, disinfectant s, terrines, tea antihyperte (decoct); flavor gin nives, diuretics *Kale Brassica beet, bean oleracea camomile climbin , dill,mint, g, var. potato, strawb acephala sage erry, tomato Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Kamut, Triticum Poaceae Berry: substitute for cool; sweet; tonify khorasan turanicum whole wheat flour; yin; counteracts wheat bread, cold salad, heat; high fiber, soup, cereal, pasta protein pilaf; 3 parts water to 1 part berries

*Katuk, Star Sauropus Phyllanthac 11+ leaves, tender tips: Flower: Perennial, shrub, Leaf: elderly with androgynus eae raw, cooked Small fruit: shade or full sun, Root: diuretic chronic Gooseberry, obstructive Sweet Leaf prune 3 to 4 feet high, Leaf: high nutritional airway Bush leaving fence; grow value, vit. C, disease: too under eaves of polyphenols like much house, plenty of tannins; mature leaves may water; grows in sand; leaves, higher cause pain in limbs no fertilizer; cutting of nutritional content older woody stem, killed back by frost but grows back from ground; cutting, seed **Kava Kava Piper Piperaceae 11+ Root - fat/oil soluble, Perennial, vine-like Root- anaesthetic, Root: not methysticu Pepper not water, alcohol or shrub, full to partial analgesic, anodyne, daily, use judicially, m glycerin:: drink, tea sun, rich soil, 6-8’, antianxiety, pregnancy, (decoct- add small sterile, division, antibacterial, lactation, amount of coconut cutting anticonvulsive, prescription oil) anxiolytic, diuretic, narcotics or muscle relaxant, analgesics, do not relieve muscle operate spasm & pain, heavy nervine sedative & equipment stimulant; skin Leaf: liver toxicity, diseases, wound pregnant, healing nursing; stem peeling toxic Kefir - Milk Lactose Kefir Milk: Start Raw milk: Mastitis probiotic Grains intolerance- most slowing, 1 ounce, test or other dairy kit, lactose used by then slowly 1 gallon, about $17, microorganisms in increase. few drops to test milk, kefir grains, ask local vet or especially if culture animal feed store milk 24 hrs room temperature, remove grains, sit another 24 hrs room temperature or refrigerator Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Kohlrabi, Brassica beetroot, potato, olerocea chard, tomato, German cucurbit runner Turnip bean **Kola Nut Cola Sterculiace 11+ Fruit: tea Perennial, tree, full Fruit: nervine acuminata ae sun, seed, cutting stimulant; high Cacaoss alkaloid- caffeine Kudzu, Ge Pueraria Fabaceae 5b to Root: decoct water Perennial, vine, Root: alcoholism, Gen, montana Pea 11 for tea or soup edible vegetable, releases muscles, Pueraria var. lobata, invasive clears heat, syn nourishes fluids, anti Pueraria hypertensive; sweet, lobata spicy, cool Kutaja Holarrhena antiparasitic antidysente rica * La Lot Piper lolot Piperaceae 10a wrap and flavor Perennial, partial to antiinflammatory, Pepper Pepper meats grilling; full shade, moist, H indigestion, gout sauce, soup, stir-fry 18-24”, divide rootball, simple layering L-glutamine amino acid assists liver or digestion & normal kidney disease, brain function, Reye detoxifies syndrome; substances in liver; may mouth sores encourage growth of tumors Lady’s Cypripediu Orchidacea 3 to Perennial, moist Root: antispasmodic, Slipper, m e 7 woods nervine sedative American pubescens Valerian Lamb’s Ear, Stachys Lamiaceae 4a to Perennial, full sun- Leaf: external- Wooly byzantina Mint 10b north, partial shade- wounds, bee stings Betony south, moist, well- drained, division, self- seed Lamb’s Chenopodi Chenopodia spinach substitute, Annual, fast growing, um album ceae young stems weedy, citrus groves Quarters, Goosefoot Melde, Goosefoot, Fat-hen Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Lavender Laveandula Lamiaceae 5 eo: enhance flavor Perennial, well- adaptogen, boost angustifolia Mint of food drained, after flower stamina & energy, cut back 1/3, 2-3’ relaxing, soothe & cleanse cuts, bruises, insect repellent, skin irritations; dry hair *Sweet Lavandula Lamiaceae 8 to not suitable for Perennial, shrub, full high menthol content Lavender heterophyll Mint 10 cooking due to high sun, fast growing, a menthol content prefers well-drained sandy, alkaline soil, cutting, 2-4’ Lavender, Lavandula Lamiaceae Meat—France Flower: chicken, Perennial, full sun, French officinalis Mint cookie, jelly, dry, 18-24”, seed, Lavender, lemonade, oil, cutting True pastry, sorbet, Lavender syrup, tea L. multifida Fernleaf Lavender eo- Lavandula Lavender - latifolia Spike Leek Allium Alliaceae Salad, soup Biennial phytonutrient: allicin carrot, porrum Onion celery, celeriac, garlic, onion Leek - Wild, Allium Alliaceae clove: pesto, salad, Elephant ampellopra Onion roasted Garlic sum Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,eo- Cymbopog Poaceae 11+ Stalk: casseroles, Perennial, full sun, antidepressant, Lemongras on citratus Grass coffee, curry, fish moist, 5’, division, antifungal, s C. stock, pickle, seed; both species antimicrobial, West-Indian flexuosus poultry sauce, soup, used medicinally antispectic, East-Indian stew, stir-fry, tea analgesic, (infuse) astringent, bactericidal, carminative, deoderant, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicidal, galactogogue, nervine sedative & immune system, refrigerant, stimulant, tonic OIl: pesticide, preservative *Lemon Tea Leptosperm Myrtaceae 9b to tea Perennial, full sun, Leaf: antibacterial, Tree, um Myrtle 10 moist, well-drained, antifungal Lemon- petersonii 13’, mature cutting or Scented L.H. Bailey seed Teatree *Lemon Aloysia Verbenacea 7 to Bread, cake, Flower: cake, drink, Woody perennial, Verbena triphylla e 9 cookie, custard- ice cream, jelly deciduous shrub, full Verbena based dessert sun to light shade, sauce, fish, fresh sandy, moist, pinch fruit drink, fruit off flowers, 3-10’, salad, ice cream, seed, cutting jam, marmalade, pudding, rice, soup, stuffing, tea; substitute for lemon zest *Lettuce Lactuca Asteraceae Annual carrot, sativa Sunflower cucurbit, radish Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Licorice, Glycyrrhiza Fabaceae 9 to Root: substitute for Perennial, tap root, 2 Root: adaptogen, excess or glabra Legume 11 fennel or anise seed years look mature, antihistamine, taken over Gan Cao, long period Zhi Gan Cao or star anise; harvest after 3-4 antidiuretic, of time may skewer grill meat, years, full sun, moist, antioxidant, cause tea (decoct) deep, fertile, 4’, seed antitussive, sodium cold stratified, division antimicrobial, retention, Deglycyrrhizinated antiviral, lower basal metabolic licorice (DGL): antiinflammatory, rate, & without glycyrrhizin; demulcent, hormonal decrease prevent increased balancer & thyroid blood pressure normalizer, funtion causing emollient, edema expectorant, &hypertensi gastroprotective, on; hepatoprotective, hyperaldost immunomodulator, erogenic, cardiovascu pectoral; high in lar or sugar; hair body, kidney growth, & luster; disorders, sweet, slightly bitter, low blood potassium neutral, counteracts level, high heat, moist, tonify qi; blood resolves phlegm; pressure, “Calm” & Nourish diabetes, (fluids) Evergreen pregnant, breast Herbs feeding Lily- Lily Lilium Liliaceae 3a to Bulb: baked, grated, unscented flowers, Bulb, dried, harvest Bulb, Tiger lancifolium Lily 9b ground into flour full sun or light shade, fall, hard & fleshy: Lily, Bai He moist, well-drained, stops cough, calms 2-5’, division spirit; bitter, sweet; cool, moistening effect; nourish lung yin; Bilbus Lilii, “Nourish (fluids)” Evergreen Herbs *Lion’s Tail, Leonotis Lamiaceae 9b to Dried: tea Flower: tea Perennial, full sun, antinociceptive, Wild Dagga leonurus Mint 11 48”, cutting, seed - antiinflammatory, prune for shape hypoglycemic smoked: mild euphoria; Cannabis substitute Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Lobelia, Lobelia Campanula 5 to Aerial parts during Perennial, sun to Stem, seeds, leaves: cardiac inflata ceae 9 seedling stage: tea partial shade, moist, antiasthmatic, disease, Indian Bellflower children, Tobacco, (infuse- taste mild 6-12”, cutting or seed anticatarrhal, nervine pregnant; Pukeweed stinging sensation), bronchial & sedative, excessive smoking blends expectorant, use n/v & analgesic/anodyne, depression; muscle relaxant, high dose vomiting, antispasmodic rapid Flower-blue: heartbeat, antispasmodic coma, & death *Longan Dimocarpu Sapindacea 9b to Perennial, flower: Fruit: febrifuge, s longan e 11 March; harvest: July stomachic, Soapberry to Aug.; full sun, vermifuge blooming poor after a Seeds: used like warm winter; H 40’, W soapberries 50’, air layered Sapindua saponaria, 4/11/15, seed, grafted shampooing hair *Loquat Eriobotrya Rosaceae 8b to tea (cold water Fruit: fresh, pie, Perennial, evergreen Leaves & Fruit: japonica Rose 11 infuse) sauce, jelly tree; many varieties antiinflammatory, range of peel, pulp antitussive, color, & flavor; flower: expectorant Oct. to Jan., harvest: Flower: expectorant Feb. to April; H 30’, W Fruit: antiemetic, 30’, prune to 12’, nervine sedative improve fruit size Seed- grappa, hand thin, 4 to 10 consume sparingly, fruits per terminal; since question of seed not true, 6-8 cyanic glycosides: juvenile period, cleft, put in vodka or grain veneer, whip grafted alcohol for 1 to 6 or chip, patch or months, longer shield budded, darker & stronger vegetatively 1-2 yr flavor, cherry taste & smell Lovage Levisticum Apiaceae 5 Casserole, meat, Seed: baked good Perennial, light hot - second degree Bean Love officinale Parsley salad, soup, stew, shade, rich, moist Parsley stuffing soil, 36-60”, seed, self-seeds Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Luffa, Luff Luffa Cucurbitace Fruit, immature, Annual, vine, full sun, Fruit, mature, skin (arabic), aegytiaca - ae, Gourd young, small, green, need hot temperature loses green color & Loofah, smooth- less than 7”: curry, & long growing looser, brown & light Vietnamese fruited salad, stir-fry season; trellis 5-6”; weight, peel skin, Luffa, keep fruit off ground; shake out seeds; L. 15’, seed soak 48 fully developed, Chinese acutangula hours loofah sponge; Okra, - angled fibrous, spongelike Sponge interior of fruit Gourd, Vegetable Sponge Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Lychee- Litchi Sapindacea 9b to Fruit- May to July, Perennial, ‘Mauritius’ Fruit: anticancer, seeds toxic Brewster chinensis e 11 best tree ripen: worlds most popular antibacterial, anti- ‘Brewster’ Soapberry fresh, fruit salad, ice commercial, floral hyperlipidemic, anti- cream rose like flavor, most diabetic, antiviral, dried- dehydrate consistent, fungus anti-inflammatory, naturally, frozen with lose fruit, large seed, antipyretic, skin easiest, not up, move analgesic, diuretic, out; ‘Brewster’ slow hemostatic, hepato- growing, not as protective, consistent, 1st one in hypoglycemic, FL, later, 3 week after immunomodulatory; season done; strong, raw, 1/2 cup, 95 g, withstand hurricane, Calories 63, CHO 16 ‘Sweet Heart or Hak- g, fiber 1.2 g, sugar Ip’ about 5 yrs fruit, 14.47 g, K 162 mg, mostly flesh, more vit. C 68 mg, high B vigorous grower; complex weakest, grows upright; when 8-10’ decrease fertilizer, when mature less nitrogen, use organic matter better taste & higher nutrition, like mulch 6-8’, acid like pine needles; coolness encourage flower & fruit, about 1 mo. fruiting season, more water flower & fruit; more sun more fruit, fruit when dormant; don’t water after fruit; flower Jan.- March fruit w/in 3 mo. usually June; like more room than longan; evergreen tree, flower: Jan. to Feb., harvest: May to June; every other year more fruit; full exposure all sides, moist, well-drained, prune after harvest, prune pole trim, 12’ tall,, 20’, seed 9 years fruit sour fruit; air layer, graft Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Lychee- Litchi Sapindacea Air layered 4/11/15 Sweet Heart chinensis e ‘Sweet Soapberry Heart’

*, **Lycii Lycium Solanaceae 6b to leaf vegetable, tea Berry: beer, cookie, Perennial, shrub, Berry: alterative, warfarin, barbarum Nightshade 9a (infuse) juice, soup, tea, deciduous, flower anticancer, anticoagula Berries, nt Goji, wine June to Aug., seeds antioxidant, Wolfberry, Bark: tea ripen Aug. to Oct.; antitumor, Chinese Box prefer shelter, on hepatoprotective, trellis, wall or immunomodulatory, Thorn, structure to climb up neuroprotective, Matrimony and scramble over; vision-related Vine, Gou prune after fruit, diseases Qi Zi prevent sprawling Leaf & Bark: habit; prefers moist sedative, painkiller, soil; full sun to partial neuroprotective shade, well-drained, 8 to 10’, cutting, seed **Maca, Lepidium Brassicacea 5a raw or cooked Root, fresh: boil Full sun, well drained, Root: adaptogen, beetroot, runner meyenii e Root, dried: flour- less than 6”, 8 enhance energy & chard, bean, Peruvian Mustard celery, strawb Ginseng or baking as base or months seed to stamina celeriac, erry, peruvianum flavor; powder- add harvest root, self- dill, tomato to hot cereal, yogurt, seed, ground in Peru nasturtiu jam, juice, pudding, mountains m, garlic, smoothies, shakes; onion, pea, fermented drink- potato maca chicha Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Macadamia Macadamia Proteaceae Kernel, nuts fall Perennial tree, like - Paper Thin integrifolia naturally when more than 1 tree; fast Shell mature, remove growing, long harvest green husk within 24 season July to Nov., hours of harvesting, over six months, crack shell with some ever bearing; vise;: raw, roasted, rich well drained soil; salad, stir fry mulch, manure; pruning after harvest limit size; not salt tolerant; 6-40’ **Mace Myristica Myristicace Aril (lacy covering Same as nutmeg fragrans ae on nutmeg): cake, casserole, cheese, chicken pie, chocolate drink, chutney, custard, dessert, fish, mashed potatoes, meat, pastry-donut, pickle, poultry, pudding, sauce, soufflés, soup, stock, tropical punch **Mahleb, Prunus Rosaceae Kernel of fruit pit Perennial, seed Mahlepi, St. mahaleb Rose (ground): Bread, Lucie Cherry cookie, lentil, meat, Kernels, pastry; Ground Middle East, Substitute: vanilla Cherry extract Stones Malabar Pachira Bombacace 9b to Young leaves: Seed, harvest when Perennial, bulbous Chestnut, glabra ae 11 cooked seed pod burst: base, self-fertile, full French boiled, raw, roasted, sun, tolerate partical Peanut, fried, flour shade, well drained, Saba Nut, seldom needs Lucky Flower: cooked pruning, fruit in 4 to 5 years; 15’, seed, Money Tree cutting, airlayer Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Malanga, Xantyosom Araceae 7a to Edible tubers Perennial, Florida uncooked Coco, a Arum 10 (cormels), cooked: invasive, Feb. plant & toxic Japanese sagittifikium use like potato; harvest; drought potatoes, overcook tolerant; partial to full Arrowleaf disintegrates; shade, (Malanga flour: wheat Amarillo, Colocasia Elephant’s substitute; baked esculenta, bog-like Ear, Yautia goods areas); H 5’, tuber division Malay Rose Syzygium Myrtaceae 10b Fruit, ripe, red: raw, Perennial antibiotic; bark, leaf Apple, malaccens Myrtle to 11 jam, stewed, wine Jambu bol e (boil, remove seeds) Malefern Dryopteris antiparasitic felix-mas *Mamey Pouteria Sapotaceae 10a Fruit, ripe when nick Perennial, full sun, Sapote sapota to 11 thick skin w/ water young tree, tip fingernail orange like mango, when flesh color, not ripe young, small & when green: raw, dense, bud wood & smoothie root stock graft, well- drained, sandy soil, mulch; fruit grafted 1 to 4 years, seedling 8 to 10 years, hardier than graft; May through Sept. and year round, fruit stay on tree 1 to 1 1/2 years; grown on thick twigs and branches; prune after fruit, keep 6 to 8’ tall; long, shiny seed, sow as soon as possible Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Mango- Mangifera Anacardiac 9b to Fruit: beverage, Perennial, grafted, Fruit, edible fleshy contact indica eae 11 chutney, ice cream, 2010, Thai, double part: good source dermatitis; Choc-Anon, Cashew or seed Miracle ‘Choc Sumac pickles, pie, salad crop, fruit ripens Nov.- vitamin A & C; 1/2 generally Mango Anon’ Fruit, unripe: Jan. & July, golden cup raw, 83 g, 50 not eaten (amchur, amchoor; yellow skin ripe, calories, CHO 12 g, dried, powder- coconut flavor, fiber 1.3 g, sugar 11 mixed with ground fiberless, 15’x15’, g, K 139 mg, vit. C turmeric) vegetarian create bush 1st 3 30 mg, vit. A 45 mcg dish, curry, chutney, years, 2 vegetative RAE; non-fibrous marinades, soup, flushes, tip ends of slice, fibrous juice masalas, meat 2nd flush; bushes tenderizer, root bloom, terminal vegetable; India bloomer, more shoots increase blooming; 2nd year fruit, dwarf, some tropical fruit trees can’t, leave 5 to 6 fruit, no more; heading cut - tip; trimming cut - hand saw, leave collar, not flush Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Mango- Mangifera Anacardiac 9b to see above Perennial, grafted, see above indica eae 11 high & dry, poor Kent Cashew or ‘Kent’ Sumac Fruit— smell to nutrient sandy soils; determine ripeness; when mature less don’t be afraid to water & nitrogen; pick green; ready to 2011, show some pick: top fill out, skin color when ripe, fruit smooth & stretched ripens July to August out; tiny beads of in Florida, 50 to 60’ if sap coming out; if unmanaged, fruit size not picked green 1 to 2 1/2 lbs; seed then unevenly ripe & no idea what get, 10 bottom up; don’t get yrs. fruit too ripe & pick green; yellow color on top, not good, yellow on bottom,okay; pick one and see if ready; some years many not taste as good; scrape off skin most flavor, under skin & on top; leave skin on & freeze, as thaws slice thin

Fruit- excellent flavor, large size, very little fiber, eat before too ripe *Mangostee Garcinia Clusiaceae 11 Fruit: raw Perennial, full sun, antioxidant, n mangostan Seed: boil, roast fruit 7 to 20 years antitumoral, a from planting; slow antiallergic, growing, deep rich antifungal, organic moist soil, antiinflammatory, long delicate taproot, antibacterial, difficult to transplant, antiviral don’t attempt after plants rich 2’ high, dig hole 3’ deep; 30’; plump, fully developed seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Mao Gua, Benincasa Cucurbitace Fruit, melon, peeled; Annual, vine, trellis or hispida var. ae pickle, steam, stir- sprawl on ground; full Hairy Gourd Gourd or chieh-gua fry, braise, stuffed sun, 12-18”, seed Cucumber, Fuzzy Gourd ro Squash, Chi qua, Chinese Preserving Melon Maqui, Aristotelia Elaeocarpa 9 tea (infuse) Fruit (seed & berry): Perennial, fruit purple, Fruit: high Macqui, chilensis ceae raw, dried, drink, mature black; full sun anthocyanin Chilean wine to partial shade, Wineberry fertile, well-drained *Marigold- Tagetes Asteraceae 8 to see marigold Flower: see Perennial, evergreen, Lemmon’s lemmonii Aster 11 marigold subshrub, fragrant, Marigold, sun or partial shade, Copper drought tolerant, roots Canyon scent deters harmful nematodes in soil; Daisy, nutrients accumulated Mountain phosphorus; 4-6’, Marigold cutting, division, seed *Marigold- Tagetes Asteraceae Avocado, chicken, Flower: cream hair growth Potato, Mexican erecta Aster fish, melon, tea cheese, omelet, rose, salad, soufflé, tea, tomato vegetable terrine *Marigold- Tagetes Asteraceae root secretions kill tomato- patula Aster nematodes in soil repel French white fly, most vegetabl es *Marjoram - Origanum Lamiaceae 9b to Bean, eggplant, Perennial, annual All plants Sweet marjorana Mint 11 marinade, meat, oil, most climates, likes Marjoram pasta sauce, pastry, heat, light shade, rich, pizza, poultry, well drained, Pot O. onites seafood, soup, deadhead, 12”, seed, vinegar cutting Marjoram

Marjoram - Origanum Lamiaceae 8 to See Oregano Flower: tea Perennial Hop, Dittany dictamus Mint 9 of Crete Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Marshmall Althaea Malvceae 3a to Root: tea (decoct) Perennial, moist to root: alterative, ow Root officinalis Mallow 9b Flower: wet, bog garden, sun nervine demulcent, to partial shade, 4’, antiinflammatory, self-seed, cutting, anti-lithic (urinary division, seed- chill stones), emollient, first, lightly scarify, mucilaginous, barely cover, tap nutritive; dry hair; securely, keep warm, cool, sweet; yin; evenly moist, in light counteracts until germinate, 1-2 dampness & damp weeks heat Mesquite Prosopis Fabaceae 8b to Grain, pods, seeds, Perennial, noxious 1 1/2 cups pods = 1 pallida Pea 10b ground, meal: weed, deciduous, full cup meal; malty “Algarroba” beverage, bread, sun, drought sweetness; lacks cake, cereal, tolerance once gluten, tends to stick casserole, cookie, established; 30 to 50’, fruit compote, gravy, seed scarified pie crust, pudding, sauce, vegetable & meat dish *Mexican Justicia Acanthacea 8a to Perennial, tropical, antioxidant, spicigera e 11 evergreen shrub, sun phytochemicals; dye; Honeysuckl Acanthus e, Orange to partial shade, Mexican traditional Plume blooms all year, medicine Flower drought tolerant, attracts wildlife; 4-6’ H; cutting, simple layering

Milk Thistle, Silybum Asteraceae 5a to Seed: tea Annual, biennial, full Seeds, ripe: Silymarin marianum Aster 9b sun, 4-6’, seed antioxidant, hepatic, hepatoprotective *Milkweed - Calotropis Apocynace 9a to Perennial, shrub or Stems milky sap: procera ae aa small tree, rough produce latex when Giant, Dogbane Rubber corky bark, root broken, also rubber Bush, system break up and & dye; toxic, used Sodom cultivate cropland, medicinally Apple, green manure; improves soil Rooster nutrients & moisture Tree binding, drought & salt tolerant, sun to part shade, 15’, cutting *Milkweed - Asclepias Root, dried: tea root: relieve sore & pregnant Showy speciosa (decoct) milk-bound breasts Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Milkweed - Asclepias Root, dried: tea fresh sap: external- Broad- latifolia (decoct) slow-healing Leafed frequent scabbing skin sores, remove warts Millet Pennisetum Poaceae casserole, bread, fast growing, heat cool; sweet, salty; glaucum rice, soup, stew, loving, annual cover tonify yin; soufflés, stuffing crop counteracts heat, removes toxins Millettia, Ji Millettia Fabaceae Stem— decoct with Climbing shrub, Dry stem; bitter, pregnant, Xue Teng, reticulata Legume or soaked in wine; similar to Chinese sweet, warm, blood diabetic Evergreen powder, extract wisteria deficiency, blood Wisteria stasis; soreness & numbness in extremities; relax tendons, activate collaterals Mimosa Albizzia Bark: mood elevator stem bark julibrissin Mint- Clinopodiu fresh or dried: Perennial, FL native, dual action, 1st Browne’s m or flavoring, tea sprawling, creeping; warming digestion, Savory, Micromeria moist soil, full fun to then cooling; Creeping browneii partial shade relaxing nervine Charlie *Mint - Satureja Lamiaceae 10a mint substitute Flower: tea Perennial, shrub, full Leaf: contains Costa viminea Mint to 11 sun to partial shade, menthol oil, Rican Mint 6 to 7’, cutting antioxidant, Bush, antibacterial, Jamaican carminative, digestive, Mint Tree, expectorant, nervine Serpentine sedative, stomachic; Savory mouthwash- prevent cavities Mint Bush, Prostanther Lamiaceae Iced tea, juice, Flower: tea Oval-leaf a ovalifolia Mint ginger ale, water— Mint Bush Mint substitute Mint— Mentha Lamiaceae 5 to Dessert, drink, fish, Flower: butter, Perennial, nutrient oily hair; insectary Cabbage spp. Mint 11 fruit, meat, poultry, chocolate, oil, salad, accumulator, living , Tomato Peppermi punch, salad, vinegar, tea mulch, light shade, nt-- sauce, soup, tea small roots, plant with Chamomi (infuse), vinegar banana, taro, sweet le potato; moist soil, prune to ground after flower, 24”, division, cutting Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Mint - Mentha 6 to fruit, tea, see mint Perennial, excellent Fruitasia ‘Fruitasia’ 11 border plant *Mint - Mentha see mint see mint Kentucky spicata Colonel ‘Kentucy Colonel’ *eo Mint - Mentha Lamiaceae see mint; nutrients Leaf: bitter, Peppermint piperita, Mint accumulated carminative, , Bo He Herba potassium, diaphoretic, insect Menthae magnesium repellent, nervine tonic & stimulant, refrigerant, stomachic; high in camphor & tannin; pungent, cool; “Calm” Evergreen Herbs Hydrosol with essential oil: skin, itch or burn, all conditions of heat, inflammation *Mint- Mentha Lamiaceae see Mint see mint antispasmodic, Spearmint spicta Mint carminative, refrigerant, stimulant - less powerful than peppermint; kidney & intestinal ailments; high in camphor *Miracle Synsepalu Sapotaceae 10b Perennial, flower: Berry: when eaten, Fruit m to 11 throughout year; sour foods taste dulcificum harvest: throughout sweet; fresh- self-life year; morning sun or 2 to 3 days, 12’, partial shade; moist, seed acidic, seed, H 15’, W 10’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Miso paste, flavor range cooked legume hearty & savory to usually soybean, sweet & delicate; with sea salt and a avoid high heat, cultured grain called living koji (rice or barley) micoorganisms; add fermented: probiotic to dishes already cooked or heated to serving temperature: dip, condiment, sauce, soup; grain, bean, & vegetable dish Mitsuba, Cryptotaeni Lamiaceae Broth, egg, fish, Seed sprout: salad, Japanese a japonica Mint mushroom, poultry, sandwich Parsley, rice, savory custard, Japanese seafood, soup; Chervil Japan Mondo Ophiopogo Liliaceae 7 to Perennial, sod- Root, tuber, dried, Grass, n japonicus 11 forming, roots large spring: antibacterial, Fountain stolens w/ tuberous antitussive, plant, roots; full sun or aphrodisiac, Monkey partial shade; 2-12”, expectorant, side shoots pectoral, sedative, grass, Lily sialogogue, turf, stomachic, tonic; Snakebeard, sweet, cool; yin Mai Dong, tonic; Radix Mai Men Ophiopogonis; Dong “Nourish (fluids)” Evergreen Herbs *Monstera, Monstera Araceae 10a Fruit- spadix, Perennial, heavy vine Fruit pulp: high immature delciosa Aroid to 11 hexagonal plates 4’, flower: June; oxalic acid fruit: high Ceriman, oxalic acid Swiss (scales), harvest harvest: Aug. to Nov. crystals, Cheese turn green to lighter 1 yr later, mature 12 may cause green, tile-like to 14 months; light mouth & Plant, skin Mexican segments begin to shade leaves darker separate, edible green, prefer sun, irritation Breadfruit pulp, inedible core: tolerate sun may raw, dessert show signs of sun burn; seed, stem cutting 4 to 6 years fruit, suckers 2 to 4 years, air layer Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Moringa, Moringa Moringacea 9 to fresh- salad Flower: relish, raw, Perennial, nitrogen Leaf: raw purgative, root toxic Horseradish oleifera e 11 cooked- substitute tea fixer, green manure, high nutritional Tree for spinach Pods, young, called living fence, flower & value, high in vit. C, dried, ground into drumsticks: cooked, harvest: throughout A; Fe, K, Ca powder- dip, sauce, roasted year; full to partial Seed: fertilizer, purify smoothie, soup Seeds, from pods, sun, prune to 3 to 4’ water, antibacterial when green: boiled, when 6-9’, 36’, fast fried growing, if not pruned tall & spindly; cutting, seed Motherwort, Leonurus Lamiaceae 4a to tea- infuse Perennial, full to light antispasmodic, Lion’s Ear, cardiaca Mint 8b sun, 6’, division, seed astringent, cardiac, Lion’s Tail diaphoretic, emmenagogue, nervine sedative, stomachic, cardiac & uterine tonic, uterine stimulant *Mounjean Nashia Verbenacea 9a to tea Perennial, full sun to inaguensis e 11 part shade, 6-8’ Tea, Verbena Bahama Berry Moutan Paeonia Paeoniacea 4a to Perennial, shrub, tree Root bark, dried: Pregnant Root Bark, suffruticosa e 6b peony, deciduous, antiinflammatory, Mu Dan Pi, native to China, sun antibiotic, Tree Peony to partial shade, 6-8’, antihypertensive; Bark seed bitter, pungent, cool; yin tonic; “Calm” Evergreen Herbs Mugwort, Artemisia Asteraceae 4 to flavor drinks Perennial high resin; bitter, Common vulgaris Aster 8 diaphoretic, diuretic, Wormwood emmenagogue - tonic to female reproductive system, nervine stimulant; Moxa box & sticks Mulberry, Perennial, 4” long leaves: make paper Pakistani fruit, bear on new wood, 1 crop spring, prune winter when dormant, low scuffle size, can confine to small space; most grow cutting Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Mulberry - Morus nigra Moraceae 7 to Berry: raw, jam, Perennial, self-fertile, Black Mulberry 9 wine full sun; large, black fruit, huge heart- shaped leaves, warm, well-drained, deep loam, 20’, seed, graft, cutting *Mulberry - Morus alba Moraceae 7 to Berry: see above Perennial, full sun, Everbearing X Morus Mulberry 9 somewhat dwarfed; rubra everbearing, purplish- black fruit, not good quality fruit; good for birds * Mulberry - Morus Moraceae Perennial, 3-15 PB Thai Mulberry plant sale Mulberry

Mullein Verbascum Scrophulari 4a to tea Root- harvest spring Biennial, 1st yr leaf, Flowers, Leaves, thapsus aceae 10b or late fall second 2nd yr flower & seed; Roots: mild Figwort year flower: full sun to partial astringent, shade, 4-12’, can be antiasthmatic, weedy & invasive anticatarrhal, antispasmodic, astringent, bladder weakens, demulcent, diuretic, (root) recurrent bladder infections, expectorant, pectoral, tonic Mung Bean, Vigna Fabaceae Bean, whole, 1 part Annual, nitrogen fixer, Bean: cool; sweet; Mungbean, radiata Legume bean, to 3 water, don’t need nitrogen tonify yin; counteract Mung, cook like rice 45 fertilizer; dry, well- heat & damp heat, Green minutes - 1 hour: drained; heat & drains water, Gram, dessert, rice, soup, drought tolerant removes toxins Golden stew Sprout: cold; sweet; Bean, split: rice, tonify yin, Gram soup, stew counteracts heat, Bean, sprout: roll, removes toxins salad, stir-fry Bean, starch, noodle: stir- fry Bean, flour: bread Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Mushroom- Auricularia Auriculariac Fungus, dried: grows on dead & analgesic, anticoagula auircula- eae rehydrate, add last living wood; fresh- anticholesteremic, nt, Auricula pregnant, Underw, judae stage of cooking: tough gelatinous, anticoagulant, breast Cloud Ear, salad, soup, stir-fry elastic, fresh, dry- antiinflammatory, feeding, Jew’s Ear, hard & brittle; brown antioxidant, possible to black cap surface, antithrombogenic, anti-fertility- Jelly Ear, tan underneath antitumor, intending to conceive Wood Ear, hypoglycemic, Mu Er sedative; clear lung Qi, promote blood circulation Mushroom- Craterellus Cantharella Fungus, cooked, funnel shaped, brown antitumor Black cornocupioi ceae break open cell wall, gray or black color; Trumpet des polysaccharide: egg, edges of cap rolled pasta, rice, potato, outwards & wavy sauce, sautéd, soufflés, soup; flour: sauce, soup Mushroom - Agaricus sweet, cool, Button bisporus strengthen spleen, (unopened, increase Qi, moisten immature), dryness Cremini or Baby Bella (more mature), Portobello (mature) **Mushroom Inonotus Hymenocha Fungus: tea (decoct) found on birch & anticancer, antiviral, anticoagula obliquus etaceae other trees in cold antiplatelet, nt, - Chaga, antiplatelet, Cinder climates antiinflammatory, antidiabetic Conk, Birch analgesic, Conk hepatoprotective, immune stimulating Mushroom- Cantharellu Cantharella Fungus: egg, pasta, north temperate zone, high vitamin C & D, Chanterelle, s cibarius ceae rice, potato, sauce, uniform egg-yellow potassium, fat Girolle sautéd, soufflés, color, apricot aroma soluble soup; flour: sauce, soup *Mushroom Laetiporus 3/18/14 Southeast - Chicken of Mushroom inoculate the Woods oak logs, 200 plugs Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Mushroom- Flammulina long slender stem, Enoki, velutipes tiny cap Golden Needle, Velve Shank, Jin Zhen Gu, **Mushroom Wolfiporia Polyporace Fungus: Fungus on tree trunks Fungus: promote - Fu ling, Fu extensa, ae & roots; collected July urination & blood Shen, China formerly to September flow, nervine Root, Poria cocos sedative; yin tonic; Hoelen, “Calm” Evergreen Herbs Tuckahoe, Matsuhodo, Poria *Mushroom- Hericium 3/18/14 Southeast Lion’s Mane erinaceus Mushroom inoculate oak logs, 100 plugs Mushroom- Grifola Meripilacea Fungus (whole Perennial fungus- anti-cancer, protects interferon Maitake, frondosa e mushroom): fused together, base liver, Rx Hen of the cooking, tea - Japan of host tree stump or anticholesteremic, Woods roots, oak; antidiabetic *Mushroom- Pleurtus sauté easily cultivated with anticholesteremic; Oyster, xing ostreatus coffee grounds and sweet, slightly warm, bao gu cardboard, 3/18/14 strengthen spleen, Southeast Mushroom drain dampness, inoculate oak logs, treat painful toilet wax, 100 white obstruction oyster Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **, Ganoderma Fungus (whole several varieties, red Polysaccharide can lucidum mushroom): tea most potent, black, dissolve quickly into interfere w/ *Mushroom- immunosup Reishi, ling (decoct - 1-2 oz blue, white, yellow, simmering water. pressants, zhi dried cut/shifted purple; found on trees Steroidal and anticoagula mushroom to 32 oz in cold climates; triterpenoid molecules nts, certain water, 2 hours, until 3/18/14 Southeast prefer a high chemothera reduced to 16 oz, by Mushroom inoculate percentage of alcohol. peutic agents 1/2) - freeze ice oak 1 log & 2 stumps Alcohol can damage cubes, use in rice, (at Bob’s), toilet wax, polysaccharides and soup, stew 100 plugs Reishi weaken final product; mild adaptogen (calming), anticholesteremic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cardiotonic, immunomodulator, immunostimulation, nervine - bitter, warm, neutral, strengthen qi **, Lentinula Fungus (whole grow on dead, fallen anti-cancer, anti- contain edodes mushroom): raw, chestnuts & oaks; cholesteremic; purine, may *Mushroom- form uric Shiitake, cooked, or 3/5/14 inoculated oak strengthen spleen & acid - gout, Oriental reconstituted dried: logs, plugs, cheese stomach, augment qi kidney Black, dong sauce, soup, saute wax- from Field & stones gu with vegetables, Forest, Night Velvet & meat or tofu; tea - West Wind, 750 each, *Night Chinese lot: 00A1205; 3/18/14 Velvet, West Southeast Mushroom Wind CS- cold & WR-wide grange, 500 each Mushroom : Volvariella soups, stir-fry grow on rice straw Straw, cao volvacea gu Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Mushroom- Trametes Polyporace Fungus: tea (decoct) grows on dead trees, Fungus, fruiting Turkey Tail, versicolor ae logs, branches, body: antioxidant, Yun Zhi, stumps antitumor, various Kawaratake cancers including leukemia, antiviral, immunomodulating; breast cancer; slightly cold, sweet; drains dampness, clears heat, detoxifies **Mushroom Tremellae Tremellacea Fungus: dessert, grows on logs & trees Fungus: immune anticoagula fuciformis e soup support, anti-aging, nt - White medication Wood Ear radiotherapy; sweet, Silver Ear neutral; yin tonic, Mushroom, generate body fluid; Tremellae Snow Fungus, Tremella, Bia Mu Er, Yin Er, Shiro Kikurage **Mustard— Brassica Brassicacea cooked or salad, Flower: salad Annual, mustards beetroot, runner nigra e raw Seed (dried): rice; nutrients accumulated chard, bean, Black Mustard celery, strawb See Mustard- Yellow phosphorus, calcium, celeriac, erry, sulfur, manganese, dill, tomato copper, zinc; part nasturtiu shade to full sun, m, garlic, moist, 30-45”, seed onion, pea, potato Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Mustard— Brassica Brassicacea cooked or salad, Flower: salad Annual, Kodiak rubefacient, see see Brown juncea e raw Seed (dried): See Mustard, green stimulant above above Mustard Mustard- Yellow manure, as cover crop, mow & leave on ground to dry before working into soil; recycles existing nitrogen & high protein content increase soil fertility & tilth; natural soil fumigant to eliminate nematodes, & soil- borne disease- causing organisms; when worked into soil releases high levels of glucosinolates, a natural chemical agent; part shade to full sun, moist, 30-45”, seed, Kodiak Mustard available EONS, FL Mustard— Brassica Brassicacea cooked or salad, Flower: salad Annual, part shade to see see White alba e raw Seed (dried): See full sun, moist, above above Mustard Mustard- Yellow 30-45”, seed **Mustard— Brassica Brassicacea cooked or salad, Flower: salad Annual, part shade to see see Yellow hirta e raw Seed (dried): full sun, moist, above above Mustard mustard, soup stew; 30-45”, seed strong prepared: mayonnaise, meat sauce, salad dressing; mild prepared: fish, sauce * Myrsine Myrsine Primulacea 10a Perennial, tree or cubana e to 11 large shrub, FL native, 5/16 Palm City Natives, hedge or screen plant, shaded or partially sunny, 8-20’ H, 3-5’W Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **, ex- Commiphor Burseracea 10a Resin: liniment, Perennial, full sun, Resin- dried tree Myrrh, Gum a myrrha e to 11 tincture shallow, limestone, sap: antiseptic, Myrrh 12-20’, cutting, seed antimicrobial, expectorant, stimulant, tonic Myrtle Myrtus Myrtaceae Cheese, fish, pork, Flower: fruit salad Woody perennial, well communis Myrtle stew, tea Berry: quail drained soil, 5’, cutting Myrtle - Backhousia Myrtaceae Stuffing, rub Lemon citriodora Myrtle *Nasturtium, Tropaeolum Tropaeolac cheese, custard, Bud, seed pod (pick Biennial or Annual; Seed: purgative GI ulcer, Apple majus eae egg dishes, pesto, before loose green full sun, too rich soil Leaf & Flower: kidney Tree, Indian Cress Nasturtium disease Bean, salad, sandwich, color): substitute for more leaves less antibacterial, Broccoli, Dwarf T. minor sorbet, soup, capers (vinegar, flowers, slightly antimicrobial, Cabbage Nasturtium steamed, stew, tea sugar, salt blend, sandy, moist; self- antispasmodic, , Corn, (infuse), vinegar steep 3 weeks) seeding, seed- soak antiviral, diuretic, Tomato 12 to 24 hours, not expectorant, urinary Flower: appetizer transplant well tract infections, stuffed, butter, cystitis, vulnerary, cookie, garnish, vitamin C; Flower & pasta, fruit punch, Bud: hair body & jam, liqueur, luster mayonnaise, green Repellant: ants, & fruit salad, nematodes, whitefly, sandwich, soup, woolly aphids risotto, vinaigrette, vinegar, wine

Seed: pickle, salad, sauce

Seed, ripe: roast as seasoning *Necklace Sophora Fabaceae 9b to Perennial, FL native, seed toxic, tomentosa Legume 11 pest genista larvae, contain Pod alkaloid, genista broom moth; cytisine, attract butterfly; seed, emetic & cutting purgative Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Neem tree Azadirachta Meliaceae 9 to tea (decoct) Bark: tea (decoct) Perennial, flower: late antibacterial, indica 11 Flower: winter: harvest: antifungal, Young Shoot: spring; full sun, well- antiparasitic, drained, fertilizer, H anthelmintic, 50’, W 45’, can prune antiinflammatory, 5’, seed viable for 3-4 antipyretic, weeks after collection astringent, insecticide, insect repellent; Oil: psoriasis, eczema, acne **Nettle - Urtica Urticaceae 3 to Dried: Tea Root: tea (decoct) Perennial, 3-7’, Leaf: alterative, fresh leaves most dioica Nettle 10 Cooked young harvest before flower diuretic- diabetic tingle fruit, veg, Stinging, throat, then herbs Common, shoots or seed water retention & use dry, or Urtica sodium related cook or hypertension, alcohol lithotripic- kidney extract; yin stones- uric acid deficiency may be too based, nutritive, strong tonic; high B diuretic; vitamins; dry hair, irritate hair growth & shine kidneys leaf w/ seeds Root: kidney & present urinary tract, reduce prostate swelling, incontinence, recurrent bladder infections **Nigella, Nigella Ranunculac Seed: bread, Annual, 2’ Seed: aromatic, sativa eae casserole, cottage carminative, Black, Buttercup Nigella, cheese, chutney, digestive, diuretic, Black curry, legume, emmenagogue, Caraway, pickle, rice, salad, excitant, green & root galactagogue, Black Onion vegetable, yogurt; purgative, resolvent, Seed, Indian, Middle East stimulant, stomachic, Fennel -ground use like sudorific, vermifuge flower, Black Pepper Nutmeg flower, Devil-in-the- bush, kalonji, love- in-the-mist Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Noni, Indian Morinda Rubiaceae Young leaves: Fruit- all year; 4 to Perennial, small tree, Noni juice: Mulberry, citrifolia Madder vegetable 5”, many seeds, busy habit, easy to antioxidant, immune Cheese fruit brownish purple; grow; not wet, will rot modulator; high in ripe white to yellow; if sitting in water; phytonutrient: lumpy surface, grow wild in the Keys, limonoid polygonal shaped FL; flower- nectar & sections, harvest: throughout Chinese medicine unpleasant, pungent year; full sun to 30% use roots smell, taste like over shade, well-drained; ripe sweet & sour H 15’, W 10’; seed or pineapple: raw or stem cutting cooked

Seeds, cooked: roasted **Nutmeg Myristica Myristicace 10 Seed: baked goods, only tropical tree fruit aromatic, large fragrans ae baked or stewed 2 spices nutmeg & antiinflammatory, amount (6T) can be fruit, custard, mace, Perennial, antiseptic, toxic, eggnog, egg dish, dioecious, 20 to 70’, bactericide, narcotic pasta, pasta filling, seed carminative, punch, sauce, soup, relaxant, sedative, vegetable stimulant Nutmeg- Monodora Annonacea 10 Seed: nutmeg Perennial, full sun, 20 myristica e substitute to 100’, seed soaked False, Custard African Apple Orchid Nutmeg, Jamaica Nutmeg Oak Gall astringent Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Oats, Oat Avena Poaceae Tea (infuse) Annual, 24-36”, full Fresh milky oats: Straw, Oat sativa Grass sun, seed prefer tincture Tops, Milky Both straw & seed- Oats best to use together: increase male sexual ability, decrease vaginal dryness, restorative; nervine tonic; Straw or stalk: high calcium & silica; Seed or fruit: nervine demulcent; warm; sweet; tonify Qi & blood; promotes Qi cirulation Okra Agelmosch Malvaceae fruit, harvest young, grows well in south us Mallow eat raw Florida in summer, esculentus attract root knot nematodes, in fall follow with radishes, other brassicas or onions Olive Olea Oleaceae 8 to tea Fruit: baking, Perennial, full sun, Leaf: astringent, europeae Olive 10 cooking, dip, salad, likes hot, dry summer, antibacterial, Oil: condiment, mild, wet winter, well- antihypertensive, marinade, salad drained, 20-30’, antiinflammatory, dressing, rice; cutting, sucker, graft antiseptic; antiviral, cooking, baking tranquilizer; bitter Leaf & bark: febrifugal Fruit oil: mild aperient, demulcent, laxative, nutritive; sweet Fruit oil-external: carrier oil, emollient, pruritis Onion - Allium cepa Alliaceae Green onion: see Bulb: salad, rice, Onion: prebiotic, beetroot, bean, viviparum Onion chives soup dandruff; hot - chard, pea Bunching, lettuce, Top Onion; second degree; strawberr Walking phytonutrient: allicin y, summer Onion; savory Egyptian Onion Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Onion - Allium cepa Alliaceae Warmer climate - Apple, Bean, Onion short day type, like beetroot Pea Sweet brassica, Onion Granex; Cooler carrot, climate - long day; chard, plant in fall lettuce, parsley, rose, strawberr y, summer savory, tomato *, eo Origanum Lamiaceae 5 to See Oregano- Wild Perennial, seed insect repellent Oregano - vulgare Mint 11 Greek hirtum *Oregano - Plectranthu Lamiaceae 11+ Cuban Perennial Cuban, s Mint See Oregano- Wild Tropical amboinicus Oregano *Oregano - Lippia Verbenacea 9 to Bean—Latin Perennial, full sun, 6’, antimicrobial, graveolens e 11 See Oregano- Wild cutting antiparasitic, Mexican, Verbena Puerto antimutagenic, Rican insecticidal, Oregano antioxidant *eo- Origanum Lamiaceae 4 to Bean, bread, Perennial, full to antiseptic, stomach Oregano- vulgare Mint 8 cheese, dip, egg, partial sun, well & respiratory Wild eggplant, marinade, drained, 30”, seed, ailments, high Common meat, oil, pasta division, cutting antioxidant activity Marjoram, sauce, pizza, Wild potato, poultry, seafood, soup, Marjoram, vegetable, vinegar Oregon Mahonia alterative, Grape Root aquifolium antibacterial, antiemetic, anti-lithic- biliary stones, hepatic, lithotripic- gallbladder; high alkaloid *Oxalis, Oxalis Oxalidacea 7 to tea Perennial, full sun to high vitamin C high oxalic hedysaroid e 10 partial shade, moist, External: cuts, acid, kidney Wood Wood- disease, Sorrel, Red es ‘Rubra’ Sorrel division scrapes, rashes, skin gout, Clover infection rheumatoid arthritis Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name eo- Cymbopog Poaceae 9 to Perennial, H 4-6’, Oil: antibacterial, Palmarosa, on martinii Grass 11 divide rootball antibiotic, antifungal, Rosha anti-infectious, Grass, antiseptic, antiviral, Gingergrass cicatrisant, cytophylactic, , Indian digestive, emollient, Geranium febrifuge, nervine, stimulant (digestive, circulatory), tonic (heart), and vermifuge - insect repellent, antihelmintic against nematoes Pansy Viola x Violaceae Flower: salad, wittrockiana Violet punch, ice *Papaya Carica Caricaceae 9a to tea Fruit- pick 30% Perennial, paper bag Fruit: antioxidant, antibiotics, papaya Papaya 11 yellow: salad, salsa or knee high burns, cancer anticoagula nts, Fruit- green: cook or stockings with tie prevention, diabetes, antiplatelets raw salad prevent fruit flies, if HIV, laxative, skin , Seeds (dried, infested with papaya ulcers, vit. A vasodilators crushed): black fruit fly destroy fruit deficiency; 3/4 cup, pepper substitute, place in water to kill 1” pieces, raw, 109 and skin of fruit: fish larvae, grow in soil, g, 47 cal., CHO 12 g, sauce, meat, meat may have less in fiber 1.8, sugars 8.5, tenderizer, salad cooler weather; store K 198 mg, vit. C 66 dressing fruit below 55°F or mg, vit. A 51 mcg loss of flavor; may RAE bloom & fruit all year; Fruit & leaves: full sun, moist or high contain papain & & dry, like mulch & chymopapain, rich soil, well-drained, proteolytic enzymes; do not prune, 8’, seed tenderize meat & aid digestion; potential anticancer Seeds: edible, sharp, spicy taste

**Paprika, Capsicum Solanaceae Fruit (sweet pepper hot - third degree Hungarian annuum Nightshade dried & ground): Pepper cream-based sauce, egg, fish, game, poultry, shellfish, soup, rice— Hungarian Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Papyrus Cyperus Cyperaceae 9 to papyrus 10

Parsley- Petroselinu Apiaceae Egg, fish, legume, Root: tea (decoct) Biennial, light shade, antirheumatic, leaves: aspara mint m crispum Parsley meat, omelet, rich, moist soil, antiseptic, aperient, pregnant, gus, Curly not chive, poultry, rice, salad, nutrients accumulated mild diuretic- sodium frequently corn, *Flat-leaf P. c. var. sauce, shellfish, potassium, calcium, related hypertension, lactation carrot, Parsley ‘Neapolitan soft cheese, soup, magnesium, iron; 10”, antispasmodic, chili & um’ stew, stuffing, seed; black carminative, sweet Italian vegetable swallowtail larvae expectorant, nervine pepper, Parsley onion, feed on leaves sedative; halitosis, pea, French urinary tract rose, Parsley infection; dry hair; tomato hair body, growth, luster, & shine Seeds: emmenagogue warm; bitter, pungent, salty, drains water, removes toxins Root: anti-lithic- urinary stones, lithotripic- kidney stones ** (root) Petroselinu Apiaceae see parsley above Root cooked Biennial, light shade, same as parsley Parsley root, m crispum Parsley vegetable: rich, moist soil, pick above Hamburg var. casserole, soup, leaves regularly, Parsely tuberosum stew 12-30”, seed **Partridge Mitchella Rubiaceae Berry: tea seed altertive, astringent, pregnant Berry, repens Madder diuretic, hypnotic, Partridgeber paturient, tonic ry, Squaw Vine *Passion Passiflora Passilorace 8 to Perennial, vine, full suberosa ae 11 sun to shade, host Flower- Passion- Corky Stem Flower Zebra Longwing & Passionflow Gulf Fritillary er, Winged Maypop Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Passion Passiflora Passiflorace 8a to tea (infuse) Fruit: edible Perennial, sun to Leaf: expectorant, foetida ae 11 partial shade, fruit nervine Flower - Passion- Fetid, Flower ripe yellowish-orange Stinking, to red, Corona de protocarnivorous, 15’, cutting, air layer Cristo, Scarlet-fruit, Wild Maracuja *Passion Passiflora Passiflorace 6 to Perennial, vine, 6-10’ incarnata x ae 10 Flower- Passion- Incense cincinnata Flower ‘Incense’ *Passion Passiflora Passiflorace 6 to Cooked green, Flower: tea Perennial, short-lived Early flower & leaf; incarnata ae 11 salad, tea Fruit- edible, inferior vine, full sun to part analgesic, anodyne, Flower, Passion- Maypops, Flower quality: wine shade, FL native; nervine sedative; Purple runners neutral; bitter; Passionflow promotes qi circulation er Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Passion Passiflora Passiflorace 8 a Flower, white with Perennial, 1/16 Fruit, flower bud, & edulis ae to deep blue center: ‘Purple Possum,’ not leaf: nervine Fruit - 10b Purple need two varieties; sedative Fruit, drop to ground subtropical, fruit when ripe; seed & normally set fruit sac; contain many when self-pollinated; small, black wedge- prune late winter shaped seeds when not actively surrounded by deep growing, pruning orange sacs that increases production contain juice; since young juvenile smaller than a vines produce more lemon, less acidic flowers & potential than yellow, richer fruit, at least 1/3 plant aroma & flavor: removed; leaf 4-7” tri- beverage, cake, lobed leaves, finely dessert, ice cream, toothed margins; jam, juice, pudding, evergreen vine, mousse vigorous, shallow rooted; slightly acidic, well-drained soil; on fence likely go down in hurricane, use free standing support like pergola or strong trellis at least 5’ high, in warmer climate, flower & harvest: spring to fall; sun, 20-30’, cutting, seed (damp paper towel), graft Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Passion Passiflora Passiflorace 9 to Flower, white with Perennial, hand Fruit - edulis ae 11 deep blue center: pollination may be Yellow, flavicarpa necessary with a Golden Fruit, drop to ground paint brush, dust Passion when ripe; seed & flowers in late sac; morning, within 4 to 6 Fruit hours of flower’s opening; not set fruit unless flowers dusted with pollen from a genetically different but compatible vine, with self-incompatible forms allow 2 different cross-fertile vines to grow through each other & intertwine to promote heavy fruit production; not two plans grown from cuttings of same yellow passion fruit; tropical, leaf 4-7” tri- lobed leaves, finely toothed margins; seed plant within 10 to 20 days, variation provide cross- pollination, helps overcome problem of self-sterility; cutting mature, woody, with 3 to 4 nodes, less vigorous than seedling Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Passion Passiflora Passiflorace 10a Flower, droop, Perennial, hand Fruit - Giant quadrangul ae to 11 petals deep maroon pollination may be Granadilla aris on inner surface: necessary, dust flowers in late Fruit, deep golden morning, within 4 to 6 yellow fully ripe, can hours of flower’s pick from vine; seed, opening; tropical, leaf sac, thick skin rounded-oblong 4-8” edible, juice from leaves, stem square; pulp more mild plant on mound flavor; irregularly prevent root disease; rounded 4-8” long; seed, cutting see yellow eo- Pogostemo Lamiaceae shade, seed, cutting Patchouli n cablin Mint Pau d’Arco Tabebuia evergreen tree, 125’ inner bark: contains avellaneda antifungal, toxic e antiinflammatory quinones Pawpaw, Asimina Annonacea 6a to Fruit, large, large shrub or small Seed: anti-cancer triloba e 8b yellowish-green to tree; full sun, moist; (prostrate Paw paw, Custard Wild Banana Apple brown berry, edible 15-20’ H; seed, chip adenocarcinoma fruit pulp: raw, drink, budding, whip grafting (PC-3) & colon wine adenocarcinoma (HT-29) Bark: anti-tumor; pesticide Pea Pisum Fabaceae Flower: salad bean, onion, sativum Legume carrot, garlic cucurbit, radish, sweet corn, turnip *Peach - UF Prunus Rosaceae 9 tea Perennial, well- histamine reacting, Sun persica ‘UF Rose drained, moist, acid, hives, poison ivy Sun’ live 8 to 15 yrs, prune for strong structure, top when dormant, 6-10” deciduous, shape, full sun, ultra- low chill, non-melting, sweetens longer on tree, ripen April- early May, Caribbean fruit fly, worms, bag early; self-pollinating, 15-25’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Peanut- Arachis Fabaceae 8b to Perennial; full sun, Perennial glabrata Pea 11 drought-tolerant, Peanut, living ground cover; Creeping soil conservation, Forage nitrogen fixer, forage, ornamental, 6-12” H, Peanut, cutting, layering Ornamental Peanut Grass

Peanut- Arachis Fabaceae 9b to Perennial of 28 per 1 oz serving, Perennial pintoi Legume 11 groundnut or peanut; 170 calories, folate, Peanut, may be invasive & oleic acid, Pinto Peanut difficult to eradicate; resveratrol advantage productive, tolerates low fertility, perennial ground cover; complete ground cover about 6 months, network of stolons; tolerant of low & regular defoliation; sun to partial shade; chop leaves to ground, green mulch, may need more water than sweet potatoes; once established less water needed; nitrogen fixer, forage; follow with nitrogen loving crops like leafy greens & broccoli, does well in south Florida in summer, seed, Southern Exposure Seed Exchange & EONS, FL, remove shell use peanut, 6 to 12”; seed, division, simple layering Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Peanut- Arachis Fabaceae Seed: raw, toasted vine, harvest when little or no aflotoxins, Wild Jungle monticola Legume leaves turn yellow, high protein like hot, humid weather; plant seed or in shell *Peanut Bunchosia Malpigiacea 10a Fruit, 1” oval, ripen Perennial, winter Butter Fruit argentea e red: drink, jam, jelly, deciduous, small tree Acerola fresh -pick when or shrub, spring to fall orange, hard, ripen flower, fruit several indoors, soft, pick months summer to every day or spoil fall; pick dark red and on second day; soft ripe or will spoil store in refrigerator quickly on tree, store or remove seed & several days freeze; milkshake refrigerated or seeded and frozen; yearly prune for compact shape, drought hardy when established; 20’, seed *Pear - Pyrus x Rosaceae Fruit- yellowish with Perennial, self-fertile, Dwarf lecontei Rose red blush: raw or dwarf, deciduous Kieffer, ‘Kieffer’ cooked tree, full sun, chill Southern require 100-200 Pear hours, mid-fall, moist, well-drained, 25’ *Pear- Pyrus Rosaceae 5 to Fruit- green skin, Perennial, deciduous, Flordahome, communis Rose 9 white flesh: canning, full sun, subtropical Florida ‘Flordahom eating variety, chill 100-150 Home e’ hours, ripen July to August, 15-40’ Pecan 20 halves per 1 oz serving, 200 calories; antioxidant Pennyroyal Mentha Lamiaceae 6 to tea (infuse) Perennial, fragrant Leaf: abortifacient, Internal: pulegium Mint 11 ground cover, full to antispasmodic, pregnant, essential oil part sun, self-sows carminative, toxic diaphoretic, emmenagogue, mild sedative, uterine contractor; Oil: insect repellent Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Pennyroya Philoblephi Lamiaceae 9b to tea Perennial, moist, emetic, febrifuge l- Florida, s rigida Mint 10b acidic, 24”, cutting Pineland or Wild Pennyroyal

Peony- Radix Ranunculac tonify blood, pregnant paeoniae eae regulates White Peony Buttercup Root, Bai Sh alba menstruation, calms & curbs liver yang, alleviates pain, preserves yin & adjusts ying & wei Meridians: spleen, liver Taste: bitter, sour “Calm” - Evergreen Herbs Peony Peonia Root: alterative, officinalis antispasmodic Pepper - Tasmannia Winteracea Stew Berry: pepper Mountain, lanceolata e substitute Tasmanian Pepper, Dorrigo Pepper Pepper - Zanthoxylu Rutaceae Berry (dried): Szechwan, m piperitum Citrus Chinese-five-spice Fagara, (along with cassia, clove, fennel, star anise) *, **Pepper, Piper Piperaceae Berry (peppercorn): 20’ antibacterial, Black nigrum Pepper dried black or white appetizer, digestive Peppercorn (outer skin rubbed aid, diuretic, off)—ever-present; sialogogue, dried, green— stimulant; enhance casserole, soup, bioavailability of stock; fresh, unripe turmeric and other —cream sauce, spice, herbs, food duck; fresh green— sauce, soup, stew; pickled green— butter, pâté, sauce Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Pepper, Capsicum Solanaceae S. Florida grow in basil, apricot, annuum Nightshade summer, Aug.-March; carrot, fennel, Bell- Sweet geramiun kohlrab Pepper early calwonder, yola , i wonder, big bertha, margora sweet banana, m, cubanelle lovaage, okra, onion, parsley, petunia, tomato Pepper, Chili Capsicum Solanaceae Fruit: chicken, hot - third degree - baccatum Nightshade potato, salad, salsa, Aji stew; See Chile- Cayenne; Scoville units: 30,000- 50,000; Hotness Scale: 7 *Pepper, Capsicum Solanaceae Fruit: See Chile- Perennial sub- Chili - Black annuum Nightshade Cayenne tropical- tropical; Pearl ‘Black annuals in temperate; Pearl’ full sun, 2-3’, seed *Pepper, Capsicum Solanaceae Fruit: chili, salsa— Perennial sub- Fruit: alterative, may cause frutescens Nightshade Mexican tropical- tropical; antiasthmatic, or increase Chile - coughing Cayenne - powder- egg, meat, annuals in temperate; anticatarrhal, associated soup, sauce 2’ antispasmodic, with Scoville units: diabetic neuropathy, angiotensin 30,000- 50,000; dialysis-induced -converting enzyme Hotness Scale: 8-9 itching, hemostatic, inhibitors; pungent, duodenal rubefacient, ulcers; sialogogue, pregnancy stimulant, tonic; hot - third degree Pepper, Capsicum Solanaceae Fruit: See Chile- Chile - chinense Nightshade Cayenne Habanero Scoville units: 200,000-300,000; Hotness Scale: 10 *Pepper, Capsicum Solanaceae 9 to Fruit: pickle, salad Perennial, full sun, 1’, hot - third degree Chile - frutescens Nightshade 11 See Chile- Cayenne seed Grove, Wild ‘Wild Grove Grove’ Pepper, Chili Capsicum Solanaceae Fruit: salsa; See hot - third degree - pubescens Nightshade Chile- Cayenne; Rocoto Hotness Scale: 8 Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Peppergras Lepidium Brassicacea potherb Seedpod discs: mustard- tiny four- s virginicum e young leaf: salad marinade petal flower, whitish- Mustard Seed: pepper yellow with two flavoring stamens; attract bees Flower: vinegar Peppercorns Schinus Piperaceae Berry: Fish – -Pink terebinthifol Pepper Mediterranean ius Perilla Perilla Lamiaceae Fish, noodle, meat, Flower: *Green frutescens Mint rice, salad, salsa, Seed: sprouts Perilla sashimi, sauce, P. f. var. soup, sushi, Red Perilla crispa tempura; Japan, Korea, Vietnam *Periwinkle- Catharanth Apocynace 9 to Perennial, full sun, antibacterial, leaf: us roseus ae 11 poor, well-drained; antifungal, antiviral, smoked, Madagasca Dogbane narcotic r pinch back early in Flower-blue: calf season to encourage cramps; branching, fuller Root & Leaf: alkaloid plant; 32” Leaf: anti-cancer, vomitive; external- juice- bee sting Root: depurative, hemostatic, purgative, vermifuge *Persimmo Diospyros Ebenaceae Fruit: ice cream, jam heart shaped fruit: n spp. Wood astringent tomato like fruit: non- astringent *Phillippine Talinum Portulacace 8a to raw, cooked- less Perennial, average high oxalic fruticosum ae 11 bitter; reduce oxalic water needs, full sun acid, avoid Spinach, excess Ceylon acid, ferment, boil to part shade, 12-39”, Spinach, (remove water), reseed Waterleaf, steam Sweetheart, Surinam Purslane, Lagos Bologi Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Pigeon Cajanus Fabaceae 9a to Bean: raw, young Perennial, short lived Bean: protein rich, Pea, cajan Pea 11 peas or dried about 5 years, bush Gandules, presoak, as pulse, legume, tolerates Gandule how long to cook poor soil, breaks hard bean, depends on how ground in search of fresh; sprout; dried, water, open soil up for Tropical cooked, Indian split- more fragile roots of Green Pea toor dal, flour other plants, use as trellis to support other Immature fresh plants, drought young pods before resistant, heat physiological resistant, maturity and before intercropping, cover seeds distinct: eaten crop, green manure- as a vegetable, crops uprooted, salad plowed under and incorporated into soil while green or shortly after flowering; nitrogen fixer- performs vial function of fertilization, contain nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria in root nodules, makes atmospheric nitrogen biologically available to other plants, roots stay in ground & release nitrogen, regenerate nutrient depleted soil, mulch, animal fodder, fencing, thatch, nurse plant for fruit trees, plant in same whole; what falls feeds plants, 6-15’, seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Pineland Carphephor Asteraceae 9a to Perennial, endemic, Purple, us Aster 10b Florida native, Palm False odoratissim City Natives 5/25/16, Vanillaleaf us var. full sun to light shade, subtropican 12-36” us

eo-Pine - Pinus eo- analgesic, Scotch sylvestris antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antispetic/ antimicrobial, antiviral, decongestant, deodorant, disinfectant, insecticide, stimulant, vermifuge Pine— needles, fresh, good for a cold Slash bright green: tea Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Pineapple Ananas Bromeliace 10 to Fruit: beverage, Perennial, many Fruit: comosus ae 11 cake, cookie, ice cultivars, fruit once antiinflammatory; cream, jam, meat picked halts ripening, antihelminthic, dish, pie, pastry, not increase sugar proteolytic enzyme, salad, sauce, content, however will bromelain- breaks vinegar turn yellow; fruits down protein once dies back & leaves a few pups; leave dead pineapple in ground to mulch offspring, rosette grew on dies back, mother plant continue to grow, new growth between older leaves, leave biggest, strongest sucker on plant, wait until other suckers big enough to snap off, trim and plant; ratoon is growth come from soil around plant can plant; sun to partial shade, benefit mulch with seaweed; plant around palm sabal stumps, 36”, cutting, seed, division **Pipsissew Chimaphila Ericaceae tea (infuse) Perennial, dicot alterative, aperient, a, Prince’s umbellate astringent, bitter, Pine diuretic, tonic - urinary tract infection Pistachio Pistachia Anacardiac Fruit- nut, dried: Perennial; long, hot, 49 per 1 oz serving, vera eae snack, dessert, rice dry summer, root- 160 calories; high Cashew or Sumac chilling cold winter,; potassium dioecious- male tree produces pollen, female produce nuts; member of cashew family, related to sumac, poison ivy, mango; origin Central Asia; Kerman heavy producer Iran, CA; cutting Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Pitcher Sarracenia Sarracenia 6 to growing- repot Perennial, dicot, sun, Plant- x ‘Dana’s 9 yearly refreshen soil moist-wet, well- Dana’s Delight’ & aerate roots, 1/2 drained, nutrient free Delight, peat/perlite, Feb/ acidic soil, 3 part peat Fluted Red March before out of to 1 part sand; 2-3’, dormacy, avoid division Pitcher drowning crown Plant, Bog Bugles *Pitcher Sarracenia Sarracenia 7a to see Pitcher Plant, 18” Plant- (flava x 10 b Judith purpurea) x Hindle leucophylla ‘Judith Hindle’ *Pitcher Sarracenia Sarracenia 6 to see Pitcher Plant, Plant- rubra 9 4-8” Rubra ‘Walter Sweet Pitcherplant ’ *PItomba Eugenia Myrtaceae 10a Fruit, orange edible Perennial, evergreen, luschnathia Myrtle to 11 skin: raw, shrub, compact na carbonated growth habit, dense beverage, jelly, foliage; 1 to 1 1/2 inch preserves fruit, highly aromatic, slightly acid flavor, like apricot; full sun, flower April to May, harvest May to July; acidic, rich, moist soil; slow growing, about 2’ per year;10 to 20’, seed- 2014, Excalibur, FL; graft **, io - Plantago Plantaginac 3a to tea (infuse) Perennial, sun to Leaf- tincture: major eae 9b partial shade, nutrient alterative, Plantain Plantago P. accumulator; major- antiinflammatory, lanceolata broad, lanceolata- antimicrobial, narrow leaf, seed aperient, diuretic - urinary tract infection External: wound, insect bit Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Plantain Musa 9 to wrap tamales Flower: salad, soup Perennial, rich, well- acuminata 10 Fruit, unripe, green: drained, moist, pups x Musa soup, stew; potato balbisiana substitute Fruit, ripe, yellow to fully ripe, black, sweeter: raw, cooked, dessert

*Pleurisy, Asclepias Asclepiadac 4a to Perennial, orange Root: antiseptic, tuberosa eae 10b flower, full sun, 1-3’, antispasmodic, Butterfly Milkweed Milkweed seed astringent, expectorant, nervine, stimulant, tonic *Plumeria- Plumeria Apocynace 9b to Perennial, semi- pudica ae 11 deciduous to non- Bridal Dogbane Bouquet, deciduous, full sun to White light shade, 11’, Frangipani cutting *Pomegran Punica Punicaceae Fruit—syrup of juice: Perennial, sun, white rind: granatum Pomegranat dip, marinade, soup; irrigate, like dry anthelmintic/ ate - e Vietnamese ‘Vietnames Middle East weather like CA, tend parasiticide e’ --dried berry: bread, to split, 20-30’ chutney, curry, legume savory pastry; India *Pomegran Punica Punicaceae 7b to Fruit: see above Perennial,deciduous, see above granatum Pomegranat 11 full sun to partial ate - e Wonderful ‘Wonderful’ shade, acidic, semi- moist, self-pollinating, orange-red fruit, 15-20’, cutting, layer Pond Apple Annona Annonacea FL native, seeds float, glabra e viable 1 or > years; some no flavor, some good, some like soap; patience eat, core not edible, beware, can be good, if not green or fermented; yellow- greenish, yellow when ripe Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Poppy- Eschscholzi Eschscholzi 6a to above ground parts, Perennial (mild), nervine sedative pregnant California a a californica 10b dried: tea (infuse- Annual (colder), full californica golden color, earthy sun, sandy, well- scent & taste) drained, poor soil; drought tolerant, self- seed **Poppy Papaver Papaverace 3 to Flower: tea (infuse- Perennial (mild), nervine sedative, rhoeas ae 9 reddish/purple color, Annual (colder), full slightly narcotic Flowers- Poppy Red mild scent & taste, sun to partial shade, slightly sweet) neutral to acid loose soil, adaptable, 2’, self-seed, seed do not cover Poppy - Papaver Papaverace 3 to Perennial, full sun, poisonous, high orientale ae 8 division, seed alkaloid Oriental Poppy Poppy **Poppy Papaver Papaverace 8 to Seed: bread, cake, Annual, illegal to Seed: aphrodisiac, poison part: somniferum ae 10 cracker, cream- grow, full sun, well- contsipating, tonic dried milky Seed, Poppy sap from all Maw Seed, based dressing, drained, 3’ parts, but Opium curry, egg noodle, Fruit: antitussive, mainly fruits Poppy pastry, potato, hypnotic, narcotic salad, vegetable; India, Middle East analgesic, anodyne, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, calmative, carminative, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, hemostat, hypotensive, hypnotic, narcotic, nervine, sedative, sudorific, tonic; Opium made from milky sap of fruit capsules Potato bean, cucurbi brassicas t, , pea, sunflow sweet er, corn tomato Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Prickly Ash Zanthoxylu Rutaceae 3a to Berry: tea Perennial, sun to Bark & berries: m 7b partial shade, 30’, stimulant americanu division, seed, cutting Berries: m antispasmodic, aperient, carminative, diuretic, sore throat * Prickly Ash Zanthoxylu Rutaceae Perennial, FL native, — Biscayne m Citrus endangered, Palm coriaceum City Natives 3/16; large shrub or small tree, drought tolerant, full sun, flower year round; prickly aromatic leaves, as ages spines turn to corky knobs; host Schaus Swallow Tail butterfly; seed- remove outer coating, H 20' *Prickly Opuntia Cactaceae 7a to Remove spines & Fruit, remove spines Perennial, hundreds Leaf: inside leaf, Pear, spp. Cactus 11 peel skin, spineless & glochids (short of varieties, mucilaginous Cactus variety wash with a prickles): drink, jelly, recommend spineless material: anitpyretic, Pear, Indian washcloth to taco; juice in salad variety; full sun to part antiinflammatory, Fig, remove glochids: dressing, herbal tea, shade, cutting, seed, analgesic egg, salsa pancakes, 6-8’ Opuntia, margaritas; New Fruit: antioxidant, Nopal Mexican; can eat anti-inflammatory, (pads) any kind of cactus anti-carcinogenic leaf & fruit Princess astringent Pine **Psyllium, Plantago Plantaginac Seed: baked goods Annual, well drained, Seed: antidiarrheal, Isapghul ovato and eae Seed Husk: self-seeds anticholesteremic, psyllium beverage demulcent, lubricating bulk laxative Seed Husk: antacid, constipation most effective *Purslane Portulaca Portulacace Bean, beet, cheese, nutrients accumulated inflammation of oleracea ae cucumber, egg, potassium, urinary system; high Purslane potato, salad, magnesium, omega 3 & protein spinach, tomato, manganese External: insect & yogurt snake bite, sore Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Quassia Picraena antiparasitic excelsa Quinoa ancient grain of Incas warm; sweet & sour; tonify yang & Qi; 1/4 c. (43 g) dry, cal. 160, fat 2.5 g, Na 10 mg, K 240 mg, CHO 29 g, fiber 3 g, protein 6 g, Fe 20%, Ca 2% Radish Sprouts: anticancer, chervil, detoxify cucurbit, lettuce Raspberry Rubus Rosaceae 3a to tea (infuse) Perennial, deciduous, Leaf: astringent, children idaeus Rose 8b full sun, division, stem canker sores, cold under 6, kidney & cutting sores, gingivitis, liver R. strigosus emmenagogue - disease tonic to female reproductive system, galactagogue, uterine tonic, uterine relaxant Raspberry, Rubus Rosaceae 5 to see above Perennial, full sun, see above Caroline idaeus Rose 9 canes 3-6’ Everbearing ‘Caroline’ PP10412 *Raspberry- Rubus Rosaceae 7a to Fruit: dessert, jam, Perennial, likes Mysore niveus Rose 11 jelly, raw limestone or acidic Thunb sand, afternoon light shade, less sun larger, more, sweeter berries; one of few that grow in topics, canes touching soil will root, train long canes along fence, after fruit prune 50%, not to ground; 10-15’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Red Trifolium Fabaceae 3a to Salad Flower: salad Perennial, full sun to Flower: alterative, blood pratense Legume 8b partial shade, antiscrofulous, thinning Clover medication, nitrogen fixation, antispasmodic, women on seed; Florida winter aperient, cleansing, estrogen cover crop diuretic, expectorant, based birth nutritive, mild control pills, stimulant & sedative, hemophiliac s tonic; neutral; sweet; tonify yin; counteracts damp & damp heat, drains water, removes toxins, promotes qi circulation Red Rice ingredient for red rice fermented by the anticholesteremic Yeast, Red color: Peking duck, red yeast, Monascus (monacolin K), Yeast Rice, spices, red wine; purureus gastric problems, Red Chinese blood circulation, Fermented Supplement: spleen & stomach combine statin 600 health; dried Rice, Red mg/2xday - paul 600 powdered: Zhi Tai; Kojic Rice mg - 2 1x/d - Puritan alcohol extract: Xue prime Zhi Kang Rehmannia, Rehmannia Scrophulari perennial Root: alterative, glutinosa aceae analgesic, diuretic, Chinese Figwort Foxglove hypotensive Rhaponticu Rhaponticu Dried root: tea Dried root: m root m (decoct) adaptogen, carthamoid anticoagulant, es antidepressant, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antitumor, cardiac tonic, hepatoprotective, immune stimulant, nervine Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Rhodiola, Rhodiola Crassulace 2 to cooked or raw Root: cooked, tea Perennial, dioecious, Root: adaptogen, rosea ae 8 mixed green salad Root - powder: full sun to partial antioxidant, Golden Orpine Root, Rose medicine ball, tea shade, 1’, cutting, antianxiety, anti- root division, seed depression, anti- fatigue, aromatic, stimulant - dispersing, strengthen cardiac & male reproductive including erectile dysfunction, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, immunotropic, endocrine normalizing; China less potent, buy from Scandinavia, Ukraine, Lithuania Rhubarb; da Rheum Polygonace Stalk-cooked: pie Root, dried: leaves: palmatum ae Root: tea (decoct) astringent, laxative; toxic huang, Buckwheat roots/ Chinese moistens bowels, leaves: rhubarb, counteracts heat, chronic use Turkey eliminates metabolic damage toxins; cold; bitter kidney d/t rhubarb high oxalate content & liver; pregnancy, menstruatio n, breast feeding Rice- Rice, Oryza Seed: soup, stew Seed: neutral; Non- sativa sweet; tonify lung Qi Glutinous & blood; “Nourish Rice, Geng (fluids)” Evergreen Mi, Jing Mi Herbs Rice- Oryza Seed: dessert, Seed: warm; sweet; Glutinous sativa var. dumpling, soup tonify Qi & blood; Rice, Sweet glutinosa promotes blood Rice, Sticky circulation; Rice, Pearl counteracts cold Rice Rice- Wild Zizania Poaceae dried whole grain: cool; sour, sweet; spp. Grass cooked, pilaf high in protein; good source B vitamins, zinc, manganese Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Rocambole, Allium Alliaceae Salad See garlic, beetroot, bean, scorodopro Onion French-Canadian chard, pea Sand Leek lettuce, sum strawberr y, summer savory Rooibos, Aspalathus Fabaceae Green- unoxidized: Green: high Bush Tea linearis Legume tea antioxicant Red - oxidized: tea

*Rose- Rosa ‘Louis Rosaceae 7 to Flower: jelly, salad, Perennial, shrub, leaves & flowers: ‘Louis Philippe’ Rose 9 rose water bloom red, eyewash, tea- sore Philippe’ everblooming China throat, indigestion, Rose, full sun, vomiting deadhead, 3-5’, flower: tea- reduce cutting, attracts fever wildlife flower, powdered: apply fever blister, cold sore rose water: cool & tone skin; essential oil best for skin care, cell regeneration, wild or organic, pink damosina from Bulgaria smells stronger use less; most spiritual, aphrodisiac, gastrointestinal, hangover, 1) clean face, 2) hydrosol 3 drops on face, spray with water, 3) drop oil around eye area Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Rose Hip Rosa Seed oil- extract External rubiginosa from seed- External use only skin care: retinol (vitamin A, high in vitamin C & E: burns, dermatitis, eczema, brittle nails, wrinkles; scaring, UV skin damage, age spots; dry hair; mix with castor oil for granny skin spots *eo- Rosmarinu Lamiaceae 7 to Apple jelly, bread, Flower: butter, Perennial, full sun, Leaf: astringent, ACE Sage s officinalis Mint 9 other baked cheese, salad well drained, dislikes antispasmodic inhibitors, Rosemary antiplatelet, products, cheese, over-watering, 36”, (flowers blue), anticoagula egg, fish, marinade, cutting, seed; snip diaphoretic, insect nt, diuretic, meat, pizza, sprigs, bushier repellent, stimulant, lithium, potatoes and other stomachic, tonic - diabetes vegetables, soup, hot flashes, stew, stuffed Alzheimer’s; oily vegetables, tomato- hair; hair body, based sauce, growth, luster, & vinegar, white shine; warm; wine-- Italian, pungent, sweet; Greek, southern tonify yang; French counteracts cold & Stem: skewer stick damp, resolves phlegm, reduces wind, damp, & cold * Ross Pouteria Sapotaceae 10b Fruit, ripens orange- Perennial, 2013 Sapote sp. to 11 yellow best flavor; Excalibur Nursery, 3 similar to canistel g. $35; full sun to light but sweeter, fruiter shade; slightly acidic taste & more moist: soil, high organic raw, pie, ice cream, matter; likely a shake canistel subspecies or different species; fruit in clusters along branches, Sept. to March, may fruit twice a year; 10-20’ H Rue Ruta use with caution: anthelmintic, may be graveolens tea parasiticide, poisonous if ingested, emmenagogue children, pregnant, breast feeding Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Runner Phaseolus Fabaceae Flower: salad Bean coccineus Legume

Rye Secale Poaceae Dried, cereal, grain: Florida winter cover neutral; bitter, sweet; cereale Grass hot cereal, flour, rye crop tonify Qi, bread, rye beer, counteracts damp, some whiskey & drains water, vodka promotes Qi circulation, lower gluten than wheat *Sabal Sabal Palm, plametto Cabbage Palm Safflower, Carthamus Asteraceae Flower-dried petals: False tinctorius Aster fish, rice, root Saffron vegetables, soup, stew Saffron, Crocus Iridaceae 6 to Stigma- thread- Perennial, autumn Stigma: abortive, corms sativus Iris 8 acidic or alcohol to flowering, 3 stamens, alterative, anodyne, poisonous; Fan-hung- south large dose hua, , 6 to release aroma, hot & dry climate, antidepressant, damage Nagakeshat 9 flavor, color or cold winters; full sun, antiinflammatory, kidney, a west powder: beverages, high organic, well- antispasmodic, toxic & bread, butter, cake, drained; 6-12”, 150 aphrodisiac, induce abortion; cheese, cookie, egg, flowers yield 1 g dry appetizer, pregnancy meat, mushroom, saffron threads; corm, carminative, rice, sauce, soup, various cultivars; chemopreventive, seafood, tea; adulteration problem diuretic, Mediterranean, emmunagogue, Asian; food coloring expectorant, laxative, sedative, stimulant; neutral, pungent; sweet; promotes Qi & blood circulation Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Sage, Salvia Lamiaceae 5 to Apple, blueberry, Flower: salad Perennial, full sun, Leaf: anticatarrhal, Rosemar Cucum officinalis Mint 9 bread, cheese, fish, dry, well drained, 36”, antispetic, y ber, Garden Wormw Sage honey, pickles, seed, cutting antimicrobial, ood marinade, omelet, antispasmodic, pizza, salad, astringent, sausage, soup, expectorant, nervine, stew, stuffing, tea, refrigerant, stimulant, tomato-based tonic - hot flashes; sauce, vegetables, dry hair; hair growth vinegar & shine; warm; pungent, bitter; tonify qi; reduces wind heat & cold, counteracts heat & damp, resolves phlegm Sage- Salvia 5 to meat, soup, Perennial, full sun, aids digestion Berggarten officinalis 9 stuffing, sausage dry-average, well- ‘Berggarten drained, 18”, ’ butterflies, deer resistant, cutting, root division eo- Sage - Salvia Lamiaceae 4 to See Sage Biennial, full sun, eo: uplifting, relaxing Clary sclarea Mint 9 well-drained, seed

Sage - Lye Salvia Lamiaceae 6 to tea Perennial, FL native whole plant: nervine, Leaf Sage, lyrata Mint 9 depression Wild Sage Sage - Salvia Lamiaceae 9 to dessert, cream Flower: dessert, Perennial, full sun, Pineapple elegans Mint 10 cheese, fruit salad, drink well drained, 48”, punch seed, cutting Sage -White Salvia Lamiaceae 7 to tea Perennial, full sun, ceremonial apiana Mint 9 well drained, seed, Salt Sodium Rock salt—from Food: draws out chloride earth: crystal, fine moisture; Water: Sea salt—from sea: raises boiling point; crystal, fine to reduce cooking Monosodium time, add after; Wet Glutamate mixtures: enhance flavor; Bread: balances action of yeast in bread *Salvia- Salvia Lamiaceae 8a to Perennial, full sun, 4’, insect repellent Mexican leucantha Mint 10b cutting, layer, seed Bush Sage Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Sapodilla, Manilkara Sapotaceae 10b Fruit- scratch green Perennial, ?FL Fruit: high zapota van Sapodilla to 11 not pick, tan pick, invasive; ’Molix’ Gary antioxidants Chico, Royen Sapote, peel shiny & Gomes 4/11/15- fruit Zapote, smooth; immature similar to Hasya, Bark, gummy latex Chicle sandpaper; ash season Feb. to May; substance: chicle, color; calyx lift up & many cultivars, Hasya chewing gum dry out; 4-10 days excellent, full sun, component, Glee ripen after pick, shape vary, gum, sold Whole ready to eat when production sides not Foods soft; tasted brown top, prune at least 2x/ sugar & root beer, 0 yr, spring & summer; to 12 seeds: fresh mature drought tolerant, likes it dry, grow on any soil, seed 4-5 months, fruit 6-7 yrs; cleft or side veneer graft, fruit 2-4 yrs, remove fruit 1st 2 yrs; harvest Feb- June, 60’, prune 8-15’, less than 18’ prevent hurricane damage Sarsaparilla Smilax Smilacacea officinalis, e S. Greenbrier papyracea, S. medica, S. egelii **Sarsaparill Hemidesm Root: beverage, tea Root: alterative, excessive us indicus (decoct) demulcent, use a - False, intestinal Beer Root, detoxification, discomfort, Indian diaphoretic, diuretic, pregnant, Sarsaparilla stimulant, tonic; high not in saponin & tannin recommend ed for long term use Sarsaparilla Smilax Root: beverage, tea Perennial, woody alterative; cool; same as - Sweet ornata (decoct) climbing vine bitter, sweet; above counteracts damp heat Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Sassafras Sassafras Lauraceae 4 to Root Bark: tea Perennial, deciduous alterative, safrole albidum Laurel 9 (decoct) tree, full sun to partial antibacterial, increase toxicity shade; dry sandy soil; analgesic, anti- antidepress 80’, seed rheumatic, antiviral, ants, aromatic, anodyne, cardiac, & depurative, immunosup diaphoretic, pressants; oil- liver febrifuge, stimulant; cancer hot; pungent, sweet; drains water, counteracts dampness, reduces wind damp cold, promotes qi circulation Savory- Satureja Lamiaceae Fish, goat cheese, Annual, full sun, rich, Summer- hortensis Mint horseradish sauce, 18”, seed - Summer Beans, Savory legumes, marinade, Onion (annual) S. montana salad, soup, Perennial, full sun, Winter stuffing, tomato- well drained, 24” based sauce seed, division, cutting Savory (perennial) Savory- Satureja Lamiaceae 7 to meat dishes, Perennial, full sun, antibacterial, Za’atar thymbra Mint 11 roasted vegetables, well-drained; warm, aromatic, Rumi, Pink marinade for olives, dry; pink flowers, 16” expectorant, pectoral Savory, za’atar- Eastern Roman spice mixture (Syrian Oregano, Hyssop, Conehead Thyme), Barrel tea- infuse Sweetner Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,**Saw Serenoa Arecaceae 8 to Berry or fruit ripe Perennial, Florida androgenetic drugs: repens 11 (dried): tea (decoct), native palm, tree or antiseptic, alopecia, androgen, Palmetto antibiotics, food- American shrub, harvest berry chronic pelvic pain anticoagula Indians Sept., H 20’ syndrome, nt, expectorant,hypotoni antiplatelet, c neurogenic antiinflamm bladder, prostate atory, estrogen; CA, decrease may symptoms of artificially enlarged prostrate, lower PSA prostatitis, TURP, level incontinence, reduce inflammation mucus membranes, recurring URI, soothing & restoring *Sea Grape Coccoloba Polygonace 9b to tea (decoct) Fruit: raw, jelly, jam, Perennial, full sun/ uvifera ae 11 wine partial shade, drought Buckwheat tolerance; 26’, seed, cutting *Scallion Allium Alliaceae 6 to beets, peas, fistulosum Onion 9 cabbage, bean carrot, (plant 1 lettuce foot apart) Screw Pine, Pandanus Pandanace Pounded or ground; amaryllifoliu ae tropical fruit Pandan Screw Pine s dessert, sweet coconut milk dish, rice entrée & black rice dessert, poultry Scute Root Scutellaria antibacterial baicalensis Seaweed- Fucus Fucaceae edible seaweed; high iodine, goiter, not long vesiculosus soup, stock, tea hypothyroidism term use; Bladderwrac hyperthyoidi k sm, cardiac problems, pregnancy, lactation; excess may lead to hyperthyroi dism Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Seaweed- Palmaria Palmariace red algae, sun- excessive palmata ae dried: soup, amounts- **Dulse, Sea hyperthyroi Lettuce chowder, sandwich, dism Flakes salad, bread, pizza dough, meat dishes, stew Seaweed- Laminaria brown algae, sun- nutritive excessive digitata dried: amounts- **Kelp hyperthyroi dism, pregnant Seitan (say- meat substitute wheat protein portion, cool; sweet, tonify tahn), gluten Qi, counteracts heat; gluten, high protein wheat meat, wheat gluten Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Seminole Cucurbita Cucurbitace leaf & young stem: Fruit, orange ready Perennial, S. Fl bean, potato moschata ae green vegetable or to harvest, ripen on native, living ground nasturtiu Pumpkin Gourd m, pea, Poir soup counter, green to cover; aggressive, radish, ‘Seminole orange, 3 to 12 fast growing, like to sunflower Pumpkin’ pounds, various climb; runners root at , sweet shapes; tan, yellow- the node; plant seed corn buff, dull orange, Feb.-Sept.; similar to pale or whitish spots winter squash, edible or streaks, partly or leaves; grows well in largely striped with summer, give a lot of green or green & space, prefer rich soil, white skin; orange do well at base of flesh; keeps room dead tree or passive temperature & dry compost pile, harvest area for months: 3 months; vine on raw, boil, fry, bake, ground or trellis; store mash, steam, stuff, up to 1 year; dried, bread, pie, Calabaza variety soup, stew; shorter lived; fertilize substitute pumpkin, only at planting; The other winter squash females have to be Seed: raw, roasted pollinated or they just Flower: raw, soup drop off and die; for pollination need female and male flowers blooming at the same time; in morning, after dew dried, but before sun gets too hot, pick off any male flowers with dusty pollen on them; take off the petals, then gently dab stigma from male flower onto anthers of females; resistant to insects & disease, tolerate dry & wet conditions; plant anytime seed, smash rotting pumpkin to start plant lots of seeds, dry seeds plant in compost mound,18-24”; seed, re-seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Senna, Senna Fabaceae tea- infuse Perennial, tropical Leaves, pods; not use alexandrina Legume climate, shrub, 2’, purgative more than Egyptian 1x/week; Senna, East seed, cutting prolonged India Senna, use fluid & electrolyte fan xie ye imbalance; pregnant, breast feeding Senna- Senna Fabaceae anticholesteremic, Chinese obtusifolia Legume reduce blood Senna, pressure, eliminates Cassia heat in liver, seed, jue moistens bowel ming zi, Sicklepod Senna- Senna Fabaceae 10a Perennial, full sun; cover crop, Popcorn, didymobotr Legume to 11 ornamental, 8-10’, leguminous green African, ya cutting, seed manure Candelabra Tree Sesame Sesamum Pedaliacea 8 to Seed: bread, cake, stalks ground mix in - high B vitamins Sorghu indicum e 10 cookie, alvah (sweet soil or mulch control m Seed, Sesame Benne dessert), roll, meat, nematodes; full sun, Seed, noodle, rice, moist 3’ Gingelly, vegetable; ground Sim Sim, Til white —Tahini- dip, dressing, fruit, fish, sauce, vegetable – Chinese, Middle East, Far East Shallot Allium Alliaceae See chives Clove: meat, soup, phytonutrient: allicin ascalonicu Onion stew m Shea Butter moisturizer, heal damaged skin, restore skin elasticity, sooth eczema & psoriasis, rash; protect from sun Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Shephards Capsella Brassicacea antiscorbutic, beetroot, runner bursa- e diuretic, hemostatic, chard, bean, Purse Mustard celery, strawb pastoris stimulant, styptic celeriac, erry, dill, tomato nasturtiu m, garlic, onion, pea, potato Spicewood, Calyptranth Myrtaceae 10 to tea (infuse) Perennial, FL native, Leaf: Pale es pallens Myrtle 11 Palm City Palms Lidflower 3/16, FL threatened, accent shrub or small tree, full sun to light shade, moderately drought tolerant, prefer moist to wet; 10-15’ H Shilajit- Ayurvedic mineral bituminous remedy: pitch adpatogen?, antiallergic, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulator Shiso, Perilla Lamiaceae Fish, noodle, salad, Perilla, frutescens Mint tempura, white wine Summer —Japanese, Thai, Coleus, Vietnamese Beefsteak Plant Sida, Sida Malvaceae Annual subshrub, contains ephedrine; Country cordifolia native to India, yellow psychostimulant Mallow, flower, heart shaped Bala, Indian leaf; dry, sandy soil; Ephedra considered invasive weed in US, 20 to 70”; seed * Simpson Myrcianthe Myrtaceae 9b to Fruit, red ripe berry: Perennial, small tree, Stopper, s fragrans Myrtle 11 raw FL native, full sun/part Twinberry shade; attract wildlife, drought tolerant, 20-30’, seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Skullcap- Scutellaria Lamiaceae 5 to Root-dried: tea, Perennial, poor, antibacterial, anti- Anticoagula Mint 8 nts / Chinese baicalensis tincture sandy, harvest 2 yrs, infection, antiallergic, Antiplatelet Skullcap, 12” diuretic, hypotensive s: May Flower-blue: cause Baical, additive Baical, antispasmodic effects Statins: can Huang-qin decrease the blood level of statin drugs used to lower cholesterol **Skullcap, Scutellaria Lamiaceae 3a to tea (infuse- light Root: tea Perennial, dicot, full Leaf: abortifacient, too much- lateriflora Mint 9b yellow color, grassy/ sun to shade, moist, analgesic, anodyne, confusion, Amercian stupor; skullcap, earthy scent, mild, 1-2’, division, harvest antiinflammatory, pregnant Scullcap, puckery feel on Fall 2nd year antispasmodic, Scute, Blue tongue) emmenagogue, Skullcap, febrifuge, nervine sedative & tonic; Mad-Dog cool; bitter, sweet; Skullcap, promotes qi Madweed circulation **Slippery Ulmus Ulmaceae 3a to Inner Bark (ground): Perennial, tree, Inner Bark: antacid, pregnant, rubra or 10b flour, tea (infusion) deciduous, well- nervine demulcent, decrease Elm Bark absorption fulva - throat lozengers drained, moist, 40’, emollient, nutritive, of oral cutting, seed sweet, tonic agents External- wounds, boils, burns, psoriasis Soapbark, Quillaja Rosaceae 8a to baking Perennial, tree, full bark contains Chilean saponaria Rose 10b sun, 50-60’, seed saponin; washing & Soap Bark cleaning Tree **Soapberry Sapindus Sapindacea 8 to Perennial, full sun, Seed, dried: rich in marginatus e 9 well drained; 25-30’ saponin; cleaning; Soapberry dried fruit, seed removed: laundry Soapnut, Sapindus Sapindacea 9a to Perennial, full sun, Fruit, Seed: mukorossi e 11 20-40’, seed scarify antibacterial, mild Chinese Soapberry Soapberry, foaming agent, Reetha cleanser; Fruit, drupe, dried, remove seed: laundry Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Sorghum Sorghum Poaceae fast growing, heat Grain: warm; sweet; bicolor Grass loving, annual cover counteracts cold & crop; damp, counteracts damp heat; no gluten, good source B vitamins Sorrel - Rumex Polygonace 4 to Chicken, lentil, Perennial, semi- oxalic acid Common acetosa ae 8 omelet, pork, salad, shade or sun, moist; high, eat Buckwheat sauce, soup, seed sparingly Red Sorrel R. tomato Sheep acetosella Sorrel Sorrel - Rumex Polygonace 6- Cream-based soup, low in oxalic French scutatus ae egg, fish, green acid Buckwheat salad, omelet, pork, sandwich, soft cheese, veal *Soursop, Annona Annonacea 10 to Fruit: raw, ice Perennial, cold leaf: anticancerous, muricata e 11 cream, jelly, sensitive, defoliate antitumorous, Guanabana, Custard Graviola Apple preserves, punch, leaves, but come antimicrobial, sorbet back; bull ants antiparastic, pollinate; fruit ripe: calming, skin slightly soft, light hypotensive; green, spine tips poultice- sore; break off easily fully wound ripe; dark green skin immature; black inedible seeds; multiple crops per year, 2 to 25 pound fruit, June to Nov.; seeds- 2 to 5 years fruit, graft, cutting Sow Thistle- Sonchus young leaves: weed Common oleraceus cooked, salad Sow Thistle- Sonchus young leaves, may weed Spiny asper need to trim spines: cooked, salad Sow Thistle- Sonchus young leaves: weed Field arvensis cooked, salad *Spanish Tillandsia bromeliead; epiphytic, fertilizer mulch & tea, Moss usneoides use as mulch, adds first rub to release, N nutrients extracted & other minerals from atmosphere Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Spanish Bidens alba Asteraceae Young leaves, Flower: tea FL native, nectar Leaf: bug bite, takes Needle Aster sweet when young: plant for honey bees, away sting; clear out cooked, salad; self seeds toxins & damp heat; dried, tea no oxalates, nutritious Spelt Triticum Poaceae Grain: bread, flour, older form of common Grain: warm; sweet; aestivum Grass pasta wheat tonify yin; contains var. spelta gluten Spilanthes, Acmella Asteraceae salad, teas (decoct) Root: tea (decoct) Annual antifungal, dysentery Toothache oleracea Aster Flower heads: chew Plant, for toothache, mild Paracress anesthetizing effect; Leaves: diuretic, lithotripic; external- skin diseases; Root: purgative Spianach Spinacia Amaranthac almost oleracea eae everythin g *Spinach- Basella Basellaceae 7b to Spinach substitute Perennial, 10-12’, sun insomnia, nervous Malabar alba var 11 to partial shade, S. breakdown Spinach, rubra Florida shade, moist, Leaves: use like Creeping, cutting, seed bandages Climbing *Spinach- Atriplex Chenopodia Salad hortensis ceae Mountain Goosefoot Spinach, Garden Orache *Spinach- Gynura Asteraceae 9a to cooked or salad Perennial, dense, Okinawa crepioides Aster 11 green non-vining edible ground cover or low shrub, full sun or partial shade, deadhead to promote growth, moist, cutting, via seed not true, green leaves, less healthy, 1-2’ Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * Spinach- Gynura Asteraceae 9 to raw salad green, Tropical perennial, Analgesic, Longevity procumben Aster 11 sandwich green, edible vine or shrub, antiallergy, Spinach, s juiced, stir-fry, soup, part sun or shade, antiageing, Sambung, stew, teas; South likes heat & humidity, anticancer, Mollucan East Asia well drained, fertile antiinflammatory, moist soil; cutting antihistamine, spinach, anihypertensive, Leaves of antidiabetic, Good, anticholesteremic, Nyawa antioxidant, antipyretic, antiviral, diuretic, tonic Spirulina, Spirulina Lichinaceae Powder: add or - high B vitamins Blue-Green platensis sprinkle on raw Algae foods *Spur Plectranthu Lamiaceae 8a to tea (infuse) Perennial, succulent antimicrobial Flower, s neochilus Mint 10 b herb, aromatic syn, Smelly Spur Schltr. Plectranthus caninus; Flower, sun to part shade, Dogbane, purple flower; strong scent, can be Boldo, invasive-like, woody Lobster when mature, start Flower, Blue new plants cutting, Coleus 18” Squash Cucurbita Cucurbitace Flower: egg, salad 3 sisters, Succotash : bean, potato spp. ae corn, bean (climb on nasturtiu Gourd m, pea, corn), cucurbit - radish, squash, melon, or sunflower gourd (ground cover) , sweet corn **St. John’s Hypericum 3 to dried: tea (infuse- Flower -dried: nervine sedative, MAO or perforatum 8 light golden color, anti-depressant, protease Wort, inhibitor Perforated mild earthy, slightly antiinflammatory, Bush, bitter taste, floral astringent Hypericum, scent) -flowers, fresh, infused oil-external: Klamath burns, wounds Weed tincture-internal: relieve pain Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,**Star Illicium Illiciaceae 8 to Fruit-dried: baked- Perennial, moist, antibacterial, Anise, verum 10 goods, fish, five- acid, well-drained, carminative, diuretic, Aniseed spice powder, part shade, high odontalgic, Stars, oriental-style dish, organic matter, lime stimulant, nervine Chinese pumpkin, shellfish, free, 26’, seed, sedative, stomachic stir-fry, tea cutting, layer Star Anise, Badiana, Eight Horns *Stevia Stevia Asteraceae 9 to Sweet dish, tea Perennial high in sugar rebaudiana Aster 11 Stonebreake Phyllanthus Phyllanthac 5a to tea—infusion or annual herb, analgesic, anti-HIV, r, Stone niruri eae 11 weak decoction; medicinal weed, full anti-diabetic, Breaker, aerial parts sun to light shade; antibacterial, anti- seed-under- 6-12” H, seed liver damage, anti- leaf, Chanca tumor, antiviral, aperitif, carminative, piedra digestive, diuretic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, emmenagogue, laxative, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, prevent & treat kidney stones (urolithiasis), urinary tract infection; fish poison Root: jaundice *, Fragaria Rosaceae tea (infuse) Fruit: dessert nutrient accumulated astringent, diuretic, bean, brassic vesca Rose iron laxative lettuce, a **Strawberr spinach y *Strawberry Muntingia Elaeocarpa Fruit- ripe dark red: Perennial, fruit year Tree calabura ceae raw round, lives about 8 years, new plants created from main plant via roots Sugarcane Saccharum Muscovado, Perennial, tall grass officinarum unrefined brown sugar Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Sugar- Annona Annonacea 9b to tea (decoct) Fruit-remove seed: Perennial, deciduous, Bark & Root: Seeds: squamosa e 10b beverage, fresh, cold winter defoliate & astringent acrid & Apple, Custard poisonous Sweetsop Apple shake shoots all over, prune: Root: purgative shorten branches, Leaves: take out water emmenagogue, sprouts, like high pH, febrifuge, tonic; alkaline soil; fruit skin external-ulcer, scaly lumpy; cv. wound seedless variety, like watermelon less flavor, than seeded; lighter color inbetween, ready to pick, if let get soft, will break apart; powdery mildew use sulfur spray, ‘Lisa’ hybrid, 1/2 Sugar-Apple, 1/2 Cherimoya, excellent flavor, gritty like a bad pear, hand pollinate, grafted many need hand pollination, lower production, may need zinc & boron; well-drained, full sun, graft, seed 2-4 yr fruit, 10-20’ **Sumac, Rhus Anacardiac Berry, whole- 10’ Berry: diuretic, red berry, coriaria eae crushed or dried- laxative not poison Sicilian or Cashew or sumac, Elm-leaved Sumac powder: broth, white; liver Sumac kabob, legume, or kidney meat ball, rice, disease salad, seafood, stew, stuffing, vegetable, zahtar (plus sesame seed & thyme)—bread, dip, meat, vegetables Lemon peel substitute juice: salad dressing, marinade Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Sunflower Helianthus Asteraceae Flower petal: pasta, nutrients accumulated exude chemical that cucurbit, potato annuus Aster salad, stir fry calcium, manganese, poisons other plants cucumbe r, sweet copper, zinc around it, use as corn weed-resistant border, not near vegetables; attract wildlife *Sunflower- Helianthus Asteraceae 8b to Perennial, full sun, FL Beach debilis Aster 11 native, drought- tolerant; 24”, cutting, seed

*Sunflower- Tithonia Asteraceae 8 to tea Perennial, full sun, leaf: laxative, Mexican, diversifolia Aster 11 nutrient accumulator indigestion Tree P, sunflowers Marigold bioremedial — polluted or contaminated soil able to absorb lead, arsenic, zinc, chromium, copper, manganese, uranium, strotium-90; insectary, living fence, fodder, firewood, organic fertilizer for vegetable crops as compost or tea, 12’ or more, cutting, seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Sunn Hemp, Crotalaria Fabaceae Annual, sub-tropical, Sunn, juncea Pea FL summer cover Sunhemp, crop, grow for 60 “Tropic Sun” days or less, no more than 3’ height, then cut or mow & incorporate into soil; fast growing, heat loving, annual cover crop; weed suppression, sedentary endoparasitic nematode control, nitrogen fixing, green manure, leaf litter, improve physical soil properties; cut & plant crops under mulch, 6’, seed available EONS, FL *Sweet Aloysia Verbenacea 8a to Perennial, full sun, virgata e 11 drought tolerant, Almond Verbena Bush, attract wildlife, Incense butterfly, bees, wasp, Bush and other nectar feeding insects; 8 to 20’ Sweet Anne Artemisia antibacterial, annua antifungal, antiparasitic *Sweet Ipomoea Convolvulac 9a to leaf tip: spinach Tuber, leave in Perennial, full sun to batatas eae or 11 substitute garden to dry out partial shade; dry, Potato, Morning Boniato Glory then refrigerate, sandy, hot soil; cover sweeter after 2 crop, covers & weeks: bake, boil, protects soil; plant roast, fry, steam, with banana, taro, mash, puree; mint; water until custard, flan, established, then stop pudding, pie, muffin watering; bury tuber, expose small area above ground; Boniato flesh, cream colored; less sweet & moist variety, plant Feb.-June; harvest 3-5 months, Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Sweet Galium Rubiaceae 4 tea Flower: tea, wine Perennial, shade, Woodruff odoratum Madder light shade, moist soil, 8”, division, cutting Szechuan Zanthoxylu Rutaceae Leaves – (dried, Pod (dried, ground): Pepper, m piperitum Citrus ground): Sansho – shichimi or Japanese Japanese spice Japanese seven- pepper spice mix (along with chili, orange peel, poppy seed, seaweed, white & black sesame seed) —noodle, soup

Seed: chicken, duck; Chinese five- spice – Chinese *,**Tamarind Tamarindus Fabaceae 9a to Pulp (concentrate): Perennial, young Fruit: laxative, high , indica Legume 11 Cabbage, chutney, trees prune to 3 to 5 tartartic acid Indian Date chicken, curry, well spaced dessert, fruit drink, branches, mature trim hot-and-sour-soup, dead or damaged jam, jelly, lentil, wood; slow growing, meat, mushroom, tart & sweet variety; peanut, rice, full sun, harvest April seafood, vegetable to June; 40-80’, seed stew 3 to 4 yrs fruit; graft, air-layer Tansy Tanacetum antiparasitic pregnant vulgare *Tapioca, Manihot Euphorbiac 9a to tender tips: cooked Root, without skin: Perennial, deciduous, Root: high in starch, root & esculenta eae 11 cooked until tender full sun, 6’, softwood bitter variety high in leaves toxic Cassava, Spurge raw, due to Yuca cutting hydrocyanic acid, cyanide sweet variety less; tender tips/leaves high in protein Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Tarragon - Tagetes Asteraceae 8 to Cheese, egg, Flower: rice (adds Perennial, full sun to psychoactive Mexican, lucida Aster 11 poultry, salsa, color) light shade, well Sweet vinegar—Tarragon drained, 18-30”, Mace, Mint substitute cutting or division or Anise Scented Marigold, Mexican Mint Marigold Tarragon, Artemisia Asteraceae 5a to French sauces, Perennial, rich, dry antioxidant, True dracunculu Aster 7 omelet, soil, dislike heat & antifungal Tarragon, s var. sativa mushrooms, humidity, 10”, seed, French poultry, mustard cutting, division Tarragon sauce, salad dressing, salad, seafood, tomato, vinegar Tea - Black Camellia Theaceae 6 to tea (infuse) Perennial, full sun, antioxidant; Black Tea, Green sinensis 9 well drained, sandy, tea (aged leaves & Tea - acidic, harvest 3 stems): stronger, Japanese years old more caffeine; Tea; Oolong Green tea (fresh leaves): astringent, Tea, White diuretic, nervine Tea stimulant; high in tannin, increase bone density Tea - Black Camellia tea— malty flavor, Perennial, tropical Assam sinensis strong: infuse climate var. assamica Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name eo- Tea Tree Melaleuca antimicrobial, oil: oral use alternafolia antiseptic, antiviral, may cause neutrophil balsamic, leukocytosi bactericide, s expectorant, fungicide, insecticide, stimulant, sudorific, insect repellent, acne Texas Ebenopsis 9 to Seeds- green & Tree, fixes nitrogen, Ebony ebano 11 mature cooked, pods, flowers attract mature seeds bees, sharp thorns, roasted seed 3/16

Thuja Thuja use with caution- alterative, only occidentalis tea anthelmintic, administer by antiinflammatory, someone antiseptic, qualified in aromatic, appropriate astringent, use, diaphoretic, pregnant, breastfeedi diuretic, ng emmenagogue, homeopathy, expectorant, rubefacient dried leaf in oil: joint pain, osteoartthritis, muscle pain, skin diseases, warts, caner, insect repellent Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Thyme- Thymus Lamiaceae 6 to Bread, fish, poultry, Perennial, full sun to antibiotic, eggplant, vulgaris Mint 9 meat, rice, salad, light shade, slightly anthelmintic, peppers, Common potato, sauce, soup, stew, alkaline, well-drained antiparasitic, tomato stuffing, tomato, soil, 12”; FL best antimicrobial, vegetable; blend varieties creeping, aromatic, insect Bouquet Garni lemon, silver; trim repellent leave 1/2 to 1/3 foliage, cutting, division, seed eo- Thyme- Thymus Lamiaceae see above, Thyme Perennial, full sun, antiseptic, aromatic Red zygis Mint rich well-drained soil, seed Tibicos, Grains: kefir water & Culture of bacteria & probiotic water kefir soda yeast, grains, polysaccharide, feed sugar kefir off sugar grains, Japanese water crystals *Tilo, Water- Justicia Acanthacea 10a Tea Perennial, semi- antihemorrhagic, pectoralis e to 11 shade to sun, moist, expectorant, nervine, Willow Acanthus 8’, cutting or division pectoral, relaxant, leaf- wounds *Tomato Solanum Solanaceae Annual, cultivated, asparagu brassic lycopersicu Nightshade seed s, basil, a(brocc carrot, oli, m garlic, cabbag onion, e, kale, parsley mustar d,, bok choy, kohlrab i), potato *Tomato- Solanum Solanaceae Perennial in south Wild Florida pimpinellief Nightshad Florida,annual Everglades, olium temperate climate, Currant “Florida Everglades Tomato Cherry,” indeterminate vine, stake or trellis, 15’, vine cut will re-root; crush ripe tomato into soil; seed Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Tomatillo, Physalis Solanaceae 10a Fruit- raw or cooked; moist, self- high pectin all parts philadelphic Nightshade to 11 surrounded by incompatible, 2 or poisonous, Mexican except fruit, Tomato, a inedible paper-like more plants to if ingested Husk husk, ripe when pollinate for fruit; Tomato, green shells turn stake, 3’, attract bees, brown split open, seed, self-propagate Jamberry fruit green slightly tart to yellow past ripe: salsa, salad, soup, stew; Mexican Tormentil Potentilla gentle astringent tormentilla Trumpeted, Eupatorium Asteraceae 4 to FL native, perennial, similar to Eupatorium Joe Pye fistulosum Aster 8 prefer wet or moist purpurea Weed soil; H 5-8’, underground rhizome

* Turk’s Malvaviscu Malvaceae 9 to edible Flower: tea Perennial, shrub, Cap, s Mallow 11 evergreen, full sun for Sleeping pendulifloru compact shape & Hibiscus, s most flowers, leggy Cardinal’s with shade, cutting, Hat, 13’ Mazapan *Turmeric - Curcuma Zingiberace 7b to Root: (peel/chop/ zedoaria ae 10b pound w/ turmeric & White, Ginger Zedoary ginger) goat, lamb, chicken curries Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *,**Turmeric Curcuma Zingiberace 7b to Wrap—fish, meat, Root: (dried & Perennial, full sun; Root: poorly longa ae 10b vegetable ground) bean, black variety- cut absorbed, black , Curcuma, Ginger Indian Young leaf shoots— cheese, chutney, inside, blue; mango- pepper or fat Saffron, yu salad or cooked curry powder, egg, taste like it; moist, activate, increase jin food fish, lentil, meat, rich soil; harvest 7 to absorption: pickle, poultry, rice, 10 months after alterative, analgesic, shellfish, vegetable planting, when leaves antibacterial, (fresh)—salad, & stems dry, don’t antifungal, sauce, spice paste, take it all, don’t clean antiinflammatory, stock off, until read to use; antiparasitic, turn yellow, dormant, antitumor, leave alone, will antiallergic, continue to spread, antioxidant, April to May start by, antiseptic, July to Aug backup; antispasmodic, rhizome, division, appetizer, astringent, Height 3 to 5’ cardiovascular, carminative, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, stimulant, vulnerary; cool; pungent, bitter; invigorates Qi circulation, counteracts heat, treats jaundice Turnip Brassica Brassicacea peas rapa subsp. e rapa Mustard Usnea several Parmeliace edible if soak acids Lichen, combination antiviral, antibiotic- species ae out; 180 proof of algae and fungus; respiratory & urinary alcohol extract- Old Man’s beard, little system; urinary tract tincture, tea no hair-like tufts with infection, immune effect green algae covering tonic white string like fungus, pull a string apart and look for this white thread; grow hanging on tree branches, gray -green fuzzy; grow with spanish moss Uva Ursi, Arctostaphy Ericaceae 3a to Perennial, full sun,18’ Leaf: antimicrobial, liver los uva ursi Heath 7b astringent (urinary), damage, Bearberry children, mild diuretic, urinary pregnant tract infections; high in tannin Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name **Valerian, Valeriana Valerianace 4 to Root- dried: tea Perennial, moist, 2’, not nervine, sedative may get officinalis ae 10 (infuse- earthy seed- remove (induce sleep), tonic, restless & European Valerian stimulated, Valerian, All smell, mild sweet flowering tops for stimulant, not toxic, Heal, taste, pale yellow better rhizome, carminative, too much Garden color) harvest separate antispasmodic, not feel roots w/ potato digger analgesic/ good Heliotrope anodyne,anxiolytic; high acid; Tincture- pain relief *, **Vanilla Vanilla Orchidacea 10a Bean: cake, Perennial, full shade, planifolia e to 11 chocolate, coffee, vine, plant under Orchid cookie, custard, fruit solitaire palm, dessert, granola, ice improve soil on cream bottom, compost, mix drain well, hair pin against palm, sit on top of ground; flower opens morning; closes afternoon, never to reopen. If not pollinated, shed next day; optimum time for pollination midmorning, Vanilla flower self-fertile, but incapable of self- pollination without aid outside agency to either transfer pollen from anther to stigma or lift flap or rostellum, then press anther against stigma, flowering usually late winter or early spring. cutting, seed tissue culture Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Verbena, Verbena 4 to Arial parts, before pregnant Blue hastata & 8 flower, dried: Vervain, officinalis antirheumatic, bitter, Mosquito caffeic acid, diuretic - Plant bladder infection, expectorant, mucilage, iridoid glycosides Flower-blue: antispasmodic eo- Vetiver Vetiveria Poaceae 7b to Perennial, full sun to Root- oil: analgesic, Root zizanoides 10a partial shade, drought antibacterial, tolerant, protect soil antifungal, against sheet erosion, antiinflammatory, mulch increases antimicrobial, water infiltration & antioxidant, reduces evaporation, antiseptic, H 2-8’ antispasmodic, cell proliferant, depurative, emmenagogue, insect repellent, rubefacient, nervine: sedative, stimulant, tonic; vermifuge, vulnerary *Vicks Plectranthu Lamiaceae 9 to Perennial, full sun to Used like Vick’s Vap- Plant s Mint 12 partial shade, well- O-Rub, inhale steam tomentosa drained, cutting of crushed leaves open airways & relieve congestion; moth repellent Vidanga Embelia Myrsinacea Fruit, leaves, root: ribes e antiparasitic Vinegar- cleans, deodorize, White cut grease, disinfects against bacteria, viruses, mold *Violet- Viola Violaceae 4a to Flower: salad, Perennial, hair Common sororia or Violet 8b punch, ice groundcover, may be Blue, Wood, floridana noxious weed or Florida invasive, partial shade to shade, moist, division, seed, 12” Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Vitex, Vitex Lamiaceae 6a to Perennial, full or Berry: hormonal men- angus- Mint 9b partial sun, well- balancer & excess, Chaste pregnant Tree, castus drained, dry, seed- normalizer, uterine Chasteberry seedhead dry on tonic plant, cutting, layer Walnut Perennial 4 halves per 1 oz serving, 190 calories; alpha- linolenic acid (ALA), omega-3; vitamin E, gamma-tocopherol; tonify Yang

**Wasabi, Wasabia Brassicacea 8a to Root: sushi, see Perennial, light to full beetroot, runner japonica e 10b Horseradish— shade, prefers cool chard, bean, Japanese Mustard celery, strawb Horseradish Japanese climate, air celeriac, erry, temperature 46 to 70 dill, tomato F, moist soil; division nasturtiu rhizome m, garlic, onion, pea, potato *Water Eichhornia Pontederiac removes arsenic Hyacinth crassipes eae from water, enhance nitrification in waste water * Water Ipomoea Convolvulac 7a to Youngest, before Perennial, creeping or aquatica eae or 11 flower— upright, Semiaquatic, Spinach, Morning Kangkong, Glory Shoots & Stems: tropical, subtropical; Kang Kong, cooked full sun, invasive, Chinese Leaves: stir-fry, native to Asia; water green papaya or moist soil; cutting, Spinach, salad, noodles, seed Swamp soup, stew Morning Glory, Ong Choy Water Lily - Nymphaea Bud, unopened: boil, Florida native, full Roots: odorata eat like vegetable sun to light shade, medicinal Fragrant used by White floating aquatic plant Seminole Blossom: edible 6 to 12” H, 2 to 4’ W, Indians garnish attract honeybee & native bees

Watermelon south Florida grow well early summer, need space Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Watercress nutritive- high calcium; hair body & luster * Wax Myrtle Morella 7 to 11 tea (infuse) Perennial, multi-trunk Berry: wax, make large doses cerifera evergreen shrub or candles emetic small tree, endemic, Florida native, Palm Bark, dried: City Natives 5/25/16, astringent, stimulant drought tolerant, return nitrogen to soil, Leaf: cordial, organically repel stomachic insects, female plants berries, 15-20’ H & W Western Thuja antifungal Red Cedar plicata Wheat: Triticum Poaceae Grain: dried pasta, Durum turgidum Grass couscous, raised & Wheat sssp. flat breads durum Wheat Triticum Poaceae Grain, seed: flour, Florida winter cover Seed: cool; sweet; Common aestivum Grass baked product crop tonify yin; Wheat, counteracts heat Bread Wheat Wheat Bran Bran: baked product wheat seed hard cool; sweet; & cereal outer layer, see counteracts heat & above damp; high fiber Wheat Germ Germ: baked wheat seed embryo, cold; sweet, product, casserole, see above pungent; tonify blood cereal, pancake, & Qi; promotes shake, yogurt blood circulation, counteracts heat; good source fiber, vitamin E, minerals, folate White-head Spermacoc Rubiaceae 10b Perennial, moist soil, antieczematic, treat Broom, e verticillata Madder attracts insects, self- skin diseases, Shrubby sows, seed; 4-6’ diuretic, abortifacient False Buttonweed White Lablab Fabaceae young leaves Seed: cooked Short lived perennial, Hyacinth purpureus Legume Young pod, flowers, climbing bean, full Bean tubers: edible sun to light shade, seed 3/16 Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name * White Randia Rubiaceae 9a to Perennial, FL native, White Berry: blue Indigo Berry aculeata Madder 11 3/16 Palm City dye Palms, shrub, full sun to light shade, blooms all year, drought tolerant, de-pulped seed, cutting, 3-10’H, 3-6’W White Casimiroa Rutaceae fruit good if taste like Fruit: drowsy Sapote edulis Citrus French vanilla or not good; citrus relative; recommend ‘Red Land’, fuzzy skin bigger fruit; seed not good **White Oak Quercus Bark dried or astringent, take 4 hr Bark alba toasted: tea hemostatic; high in before/after tannin Rx White Salix alba Salicaceae 2 to Bark: tea (decoct) Perennial, deciduous Bark: analgesic, aspirin 8 tree antipyretic, allergy or Willow sensitivity; antiinflammatory, peptic ulcer high tannin, low disease, sialic; use instead of kidney aspirin or motrin disease; children, pregnant, nursing * Wild Psychotria Rubiaceae 10b Perennial, Fl native, dysentery Coffee nervosa Madder to 11 partial to full shade; shrub, 4-6’ H & W Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Wild Annona Annonacea “senegal,” from Africa; Custard- senegalens e “ensis” from Apple, Wild is someplace; Muvulu a Soursop common name; reticulate netted pattern fruit; flavor unlike others, vitamin A compounds, oily sweet like carrot flavor; skin not edible, carefully peel, delicious, hard to germinate Wild Lettuce Lactuca 4 to Biennial antispasmodic, ingesting virosa 8 calmative hypnotic, large narcotic, nervine amounts tonic; fresh herb alcohol tincture, short term or intermittently Winged Psophocar Fabaceae leaf edible root, flower Perennial, Bean pus Legume herbaceous, nitrogen tetragonolo fixing bus ex-Witch Hamamelis External use Bark: external use Bark, external: Hazel virginiana astringent, antiseptic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, anesthetic; high in tannin; oily hair **Wood Stachys Lamiaceae 3 to dried: tea (infuse), Perennial, sun to part nervine tonic leaf-fresh: Betony, officinalis Mint 8 smoked shade, moist, 2’ intoxicating Purple Betony, Bishop’s Wort Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name Wu Wei Zi Schizandra Berry: adaptogen, chinense antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, astringent, antiasthmatic, cholagogue, hepatoprotective, immunomodulator; increase brain efficiency & concentration, mental alertness, lung tonic; sour, bitter, salty, sweet, pungent; warm *Yam, Dioscorea Dioscoreac Tuber, brown skin & well-drained, high alata eae white flesh; store organic matter soil, Greater Yam Yam, many months in plant beginning of Chinese cool, dark area: peel summer; full sun or Yam, White skin; cooked semi-shade, trellis; harvest 7 to 12 Yam months after planting, after vines die back, tuber Yam - Wild DIoscorea Dioscoreac 4a to Root: tea (decoct) Perennial, low Root: antispasmodic, villosa eae 11 creeper, full sun, poor anticatarrhal, Yam soil hepatic, lithotripic- gallbladder; hormonal balancer & normalizer *Yarrow Achillea Asteraceae 3 to salad green, beer Perennial, full sun, flower, white: pregnant millefolium Aster 9 additive, snuff, well-drained, astringent, mild poultice, wound herbaceous; repels aromatic, dressing ants, flies, Japanese diaphoretic, beetles; attracts normalize body beneficial insects, temperature, division, seed diuretic, emmenagogue - tonic to female reproductive system, hemostatic, nervine, tonic, stimulant, styptic; oily hair Plant Z Contraindicat Companio Ally Enemy Common Scientific o Herb Spice & other Type, Light, Soil, Therapeutic Action/ ion- n Names Name Family n Part of plant: part of plant: Height, Propagation Uses Interactions- Scientific e Caution /Common leaf varies Name *Yellow Tecoma Bignoniace 8 to Perennial, full sun, diabetes & digestive honeybees stans ae 11 drought tolerant, problems honey Elder, Yellow Bignonia produced Trumpetbus attracts bees, Root: diuretic, tonic, toxic h, Yellow butterflies, vermifuge Bells, hummingbirds Esperanza Yerba Anemopsis antibacterial UT, discontinue californica diuretic, astringent, if too dry, Mansa limit amount hemostatic pregnancy *Yerba Ilex Aquifoliacea 9a to tea (infuse) Perennial, Glenford Leaf: antioxidant, high paraguarie e 11 3/16, tropical tree or diuretic, nervine, temperature Mate, , high doses Paraguay nsis shrub, sun to partial central nervous & prolonged tea shade, moist soil, system stimulant; use mouth seed, cutting, 40’ contain alkaloids- and throat caffeine cancer; chemothera py, heart, blood pressure, depression drugs, Yerba Santa Eriodictyon Hydrophylla 7 to Perennial, 2-4’ Leaf: aromatic, too much- glutinosum ceae 10 astringent, bitter, irritate kidneys diaphoretic, expectorant, nervine sedative, stimulant, & tonic *, eo- Ylang Cananga Annonacea 10 to Perennial, green fruit Flower, essential oil: odorata e 11 in shape of acorn, antiseptic, Ylang Custard Apple once ripe & purple aphrodisiac, can extract seeds; hypotensive, nervine blooms year round, sedative except frost will set back flowers 1 year; full or partial sun, prefer acidic soil, seed (Doti) Yohimbe seizures, kidney failure, death Yucca high in saponin Zatar Thymbra Lamiaceae spicata Mint

Tincture - herb, with vodka, if dried form, Everclear, if fresh. Doctrine of Signatures- Language of Plants: Flower, Fruit color Red: warm, blood, inflammation, heat in tissue Magenta: energize to lack of basic life force Blue: antispasmodic, coldness & air, lack thereof as in cyanosis, nerves associated with air in Ayruveda Yellow: liver, bile, solar Yellow-black: stagnant bile Orange: liver, bile, sexual fire Gold: heart Pink: heart Purple: stagnation, toxicity, beginning necrosis Black: necrosis, tissue death Blue-grey: complextion, sage- leaves blue grey White: pallor or bone, teeth, nerves; effect all chakras

Chinese medicine; flavors- balanced diet includes all, sweet as central position: Salty- water element, enters kidney; moistens, softens, detoxify, counteract hardening of muscles & glands; regulates moisture balance, stimulate digestive funtion, improve concentration; small amount supplements quality of blood, excess can congeal blood, stress heart, overtax kidney; beneficial for dryness; restrict dampness Sour- wood element, enters liver; stimulate contraction & absorption; astringent effect; lower intenstine acidity; blood activators & stagnantion eliminators; excess over-retention & over-contration moisture Bitter- fire element, enters heart; drains & dries; improve appetite, stimulate digestion, draw out dampness & heat; reduce in cold, dryness, or deficiency condition; excess deplete Qi & moisture Sweet- earth element, enters spleen; moistening, benefit dryness; excess phlegm & heat formation; avoid damp conditions; over-use may damage kidney, spleen, bone Full sweet- most meat, legumes, nuts, dairy, starchy vegetables; tonify & strengthen; treat deficiency Empty sweet- most fruits & sweeteners; more cleansing & cooling Pungent- metal element, enters lung; disperes stagnation, promotes energy & blood circulation; stimulates digestion, helps break through mucus; excess over-stimulate & exhaust Qi & blood Temperature: Hot- extreme, eventually cool body via sweating; Warm- benefit cold conditions; Cold- used when heat present; Neutral

Ayurveda - dosha’s pitta - heat; energy principle, uses bile to direct digestion & hence metabolism kapha - mucus; lubrication & carrier of nutrients vata - wind; impulse principle necessary to mobilize function of nervous system; affects flatulence, gout, rheumatism

Food Specific Therapeutic Action: some tonify particular bodily substance or function (Yin, Yang, Qi, Blood) or reduce pathological condition influence (Qi stagnation, blood stagnation, dampness, heat, cold)

Glossary of Therapeutic Actions & Constituents: Abortifacient - induces abortion Acid - sour flavor, nourishing, enzymatic action, cooling to tissue Active principle - constituent with medicinal action Adaptogen - help maintain health by adapting to environmental and internal stress, usually by strengthening immune, nervous and/or glandular system; general tonic to all systems; 1) balance physical & emotional; 2) many pathways, 3) safe; decrease stress hormones, help sleep, not make tired Adjuvant - aid action of medicinal agent Alkaloid - bitter tasting, profound and pronounced physiological and pharmacological effect; many poisonous Alterative - neutralize acids; stimulate liver & gall bladder; astringent for liver; blood purifier, aid assimilating nutrients & eliminating metabolic waste; aids protein assimilation; generally high minerals & some vitamins Anaesthetic - eliminate or reduce consciousness Analeptic - restorative, fortify, or stimulate, effect on central nervous system Analgesic - eliminate or reduce pain Anaphrodisiac - reduce sexual stimulation and excitement Anesthetic - induce loss of sensation or conciousness due to depression of nerve function Anodyne - soothes, relieves, or reduces pain without causing unconsciousness Antacids - neutralize excess acid in stomach & intestine; also most contain demulcent properties- soothe, protect and heal stomach lining Anthelmintic - expel or destroy gastrointestinal parasitic worms Antianemic - prevent or cure anemia Antianxiety - reduce anxiety Antiasthmatic - relieve symptoms of asthma by dilating bronchioles and breaking up mucus Antibacterial - kills or slows down bacteria growth Antibilious - ease stomach stress Antibiotic - direct stimulation to immune system; healthy system help fight off most infections Anticatarrhal - eliminate and prevent excessive mucus (catarrhal) buildup and reduce inflamed mucous membranes of head and throat Anticholesteremic - promote reduction of cholesterol in blood Antidepressant - therapy that acts to prevent, cure, or alleviate mental depression Antidiabetic - prevent, relieve, or treat diabetes, help lower glucose levels in blood Antidiarrhetic - prevent or treat diarrhea Antiemetic - prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting Antiflatulent - alleviate or prevent excessive intestinal gas Antifungal - inhibit fungal infection or destroy or inhibit growth of fungus Antihemorrhagic - control hemorrahging or bleeding Antihistamine - suppress histamine-induced wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation); block histamine binding to receptors Antiinflamatory - reduces inflammation Anti-lithic - prevent and eliminate urinary and biliary stones and gravel Antimicrobial - kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans Antineoplastic - inhibit & combat development of cancer, neoplasm (a tumor) Antioxidant - prevent or inhibit oxidation Antiparasitic - inhibit parasites Antiphlogistic - reduces inflammation or fever Antipruritic - prevent or relieve itching Antipyretic - reduces fever (febrifuge) Antirheumatic - prevent or relieve rheumatism, inflammation of joints and muscles Antiscorbutic - prevent or cure scurvy Antiscrofulous - counteract scrofula (tuberculosis of lymph glands, which causes swelling, inflammation, and degeneration); destroy or inhibit pathogenic or putrefactive bacteria Antispetic, antimicrobial - prevent growth of bacteria and resist pathogenic microorganisms, produce asepsis, remove pus, blood Antispasmodic - calming nervous, prevent or ease cramps in body, muscle spasms or convulsions, help remove congestion Antithrombogenic - prevent thrombosis or coagulation of blood Antitumor - counteract or prevent formation of malignant tumors Antitussive - cough suppressant Antiviral - prevent viral infection Anxiolytic - prevent or reduce anxiety Aperient - mild stimulant for bowels; causing little increase in peristalsis and producing soft feces; gentle and non-irritating laxative, does not cause purging Aperitive - stimulate appetite Aphrodisiac - increase sexual stimulation or excitement Appetizer - stimulate appetite Asepsis - sterile, condition free of germs, infection, any form of life Astringent - increase nerve & muscle tone; drying, remove excess bacteria, yeast, or viral over growth; constrict tissue, precipitating proteins and thus reduces discharge and secretions, most contain tannins Bitter principle - substance the taste of stimulate secretion of saliva and gastric juices; stimulating tonic for appetite and digestion, through a reflex via taste buds Calmative - sedative effect Cardiotonic - increase strength and tone of heart Carminative - rich in volatile oils, stimulate peristalsis of digestive system, relax stomach; aid release of gas from stomach and intestines Cathartic - purgative, produce bowel movements Cholagogue - promotes discharge of bile from system, increases flow of bile from gallbadder Choleretic - promote bile secretion Cicatrizant - aid formation of scar-tissue and healing wounds Counterirritant - produce inflammatory response for affecting an adjacent area Cytophylactic - increases leucocytes to fight infection Decoction - method of extraction, by boiling plant material, which may include stem, root, bark, and rhizome Demulcent - rich in mucilage, sweet flavor, nutritive, safe; heal, lubricate, soften, and soothe irritated and inflamed tissue; protect and soothe mucous membranes. Deobstruent- remove obstructions; power to clear or open the natural ducts of body fluids and secretions Depurative - decontaminate or purify, expel impurities by way of perspiration and urine Diaphoretic - taken hot, induce sweating by stimulating kidneys; given cold, influence kidneys differently, act as diuretic Digestive - aid digestion Diuretic - increase flow of urine & volume; treat water retention, decrease edema enhance excretion of sodium, lower blood pressure for sodium related hypertension, cystitis, overweight, and types of skin infections; enhance excretion of uric acid, aids in long term treatment of kidney stones, aids in short term treatment of urinary tract infection Elixir - alcoholic tincture with sugar Emetic - cause vomiting Emmenagogue - bring on or regulate menstruation or tonic to female reproductive system Emollient - applied externally soften and soothe skin; similar to demulcent used internally. Essential Oil - plant oil, usually scented, evaporate at low temperature; also known as volatile oil or ethereal oil Euphoriant - produce sense of bodily comfort; temporary effect and often addictive Excitant - excites or stimulates vital functions of a particular body system Expectorant - help expel or expect excess mucus from system or phlegm Febrifuge - reduce or eliminate high temperature of fever or prevent fever Fomentation - poultice, application of hot moist substances on body to ease pain Galactagogue - increase secretion of mother’s milk Hepatic - aid liver, help tone, strengthen and increase bile flow of liver - contain active bitter principles. Hemagogue - promotes flow of blood Hemostatic - controls flow of blood or help stop hemorrhaging and internal bleeding; includes astringents that affect blood coagulation Herpetic - treat skin eruptions relating to herpes virus Hormonal balancer & normalizer - aid proper function endocrine system, balance estrogen & progesterone activity, hormone precursors Hypertensive - raise blood pressure Hypnotic - induce sleep Hypocholesteremic - help lower cholesterol Hypoglycemant - lowers blood sugar Hypotensive - lowers blood pressure Immunomodulator - immune amphoteric, affects immune system due to its ability to modify or regulate immune function Immunostimulant - stimulate immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components Infusion - liquid prepared by solar, sun heat, or pouring boiling water on to herb and later straining cooled solution, or using oil or alcohol instead of water Lactifuge - reduce flow of milk Laxative - stimulate and regulate the bowels; promote bowel movement, mildly purgative; loosen bowel contents Lithotripic - help dissolve and eliminate urinary and biliary stones & gravel Lymphagogue - stimulates the lymphatic system Masticatory - increase flow of saliva upon chewing Mucilaginous - resembling mucilage; moist and sticky Narcotic - soothe intractable pain or to induce anesthesia; induces drowsiness, sleep, or stupor; lessens pain Nephritic - healing kidney problems Nervine - calm, strengthen and tone nervous system, nerve tonic Odontalgic - treatment toothache (temporary) and other problems of teeth & gums Parturfaciant - induces contractions of labor at childbirth Parturient - promotes & eases childbirth Pectoral - general healing & strengthening respiratory system Prebiotic - bacteria promoting properties Pungent - affect organs of taste and smell with a sharp acrid sensation Purgative - cleanse or purge, especially causing evacuation of bowels Refrigerant: impart cooling sensation to mucous membranes, allays thirst, reduces abnormal body heat and fever. Externally cools by evaporation. Resolvent - causes resolution of swelling or inflammation Resorbent - aids reabsorption of blood from bruises Rubefacient - external application, heal through stimulation, bring blood rapidly to a concentrated area of skin, causes redness of skin; increase circulation and promote surface warmth; dilates vessels Saponin - cleansing action Secretagogue - causes another substance to be secreted Sedative - reduce stress and nervous disorders throughout body; aid sleep and induce calmness Sialogogue - increase flow of saliva, treatment of xerostomia (dry mouth), thus aid digestion Soporific - induce sleep Splenic - spleen tonic Starch - nourishing Stimulant - increase energy of body by quickening and enlivening physiological function of body, aid in elimination; temporarily increase body or organ function Stomachic - stomach tonic, improve function and increase appetite; aids digestive action Styptic - reduce or stop external bleeding by astringent and/or coagulating effects Sudorific - induces sweating, increase perspiration Sugar - flavoring, quicken nervous system Tannin - slight odor, astringent taste, can cause cottony, dry mouth; constrict protein molecules in tissue and form protective layer on skin and mucus membranes; can reduce internal bleeding and diarrhea; externally help seal wounds and reduce inflammation; high intake may cause esophageal & stomach cancer; tannins are rendered insoluble by milk, milk proteins bound to tannin Thermogenic - accelerate body functions such as digestion, heart rate, and breathing Tonic - strengthen, nourish, and enliven specific organs of body; most tonics general effects on body, depend on tonic herb used, specific effects on various organs, increase tone Urinary Antiseptic - cleanse & disinfect kidneys Urinary Astringent - firm & tighten loose tissue in kidney; use appearance of blood in urine & during infection Urinary Demulcents - soothe irritated membranes of urinary tract Vermifuge - expels intestinal worms Vulnerary - promote healing body by promoting cell growth and repair; curing wounds and sores

Plant Terms Cucurbit: Any of various mostly climbing or trailing plants of the family Cucurbitaceae or Gourd, which includes the squash, pumpkin, cucumber, gourd, watermelon, and cantaloupe; male and female flowers, male not produce fruit

Fruit trees companion: chive, garlic, horseradish, nettle, southernwood, tansy

Gardening Terms Coppicing: pruning technique, tree or shrub cut to ground level, resulting in regeneration of new stems from base Nutrient Accumulator: certain plants mine for nutrients and store them in their organic matter. By using the chop and drop method, nutrients of these plants can be fed to surrounding plants by mulching them with their organic matter. Nitrogen Fixer: help to pioneer soil and provide on-site fertilization; produce a lot of organic matter, can handle heavy coppicing

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