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Ability of Yellow Stem Borer Attacks Through to the Next Season Rice Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences e-ISSN 2348–1854 Sch J Agric Vet Sci 2017; 4(11):434-441 p-ISSN 2348–8883 ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers (SAS Publishers) (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) Ability of Yellow Stem Borer Attacks Through to the Next Season Rice Planting and Abundance of Idle Pest Rice Black Bug in Relationship to the Flight on the Light Trap Baehaki S.E* Entomological Society of Indonesia, Bandung Branch, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung- Sumedang street Km21-Jatinangor, West Java-Indonesia Abstract: Observation of the major pest yellow stem borer (YSB) and idle pest rice Original Research Article black bug (RBB) in the hot spot of the north coastal areas of West and Central Java were carried out in DS 2012, and was continued to observe the YSB and RBB on *Corresponding author nursery as a deposit site of eggs pests in the WS 2012/2013. The results showed that Baehaki S.E rice stem borers cause an explosion in the Western part and Eastern part of Sukamandi rice research station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) at Ciasem- Subang Article History District. The common rice pests in the Western part, Eastern part and Sukamandi was Received: 03.11.2017 rice stem borer. The YSB attack on the DS 2012 became an inoculum for rice Accepted: 08.11.2017 cultivation in the next season WS 2012/2013. RBB was an idle pest, because although Published: 30.11.2017 RBB in high populations was captured on the light trap, but there didn’t damage to rice crops. There was a very close relationship between the number of egg masses YSB and DOI: YSB moths in the nursery with a real positive correlation. Likewise there was a very 10.21276/sjavs.2017.4.11.1 close relationship between the number of YSB moths in the nursery and YSB moths that captured on the light trap with a real positive correlation. This indicates that the number of moths in the nursery and the number of moths in light traps were a very useful tool for early monitoring system to forecast there will be YSB pest explosion in the ricefields. Keywords: Yellow stem borer, rice black bug, rice, light trap, nursery, egg masses INTRODUCTION Rice stem borers are rice pest belonging to the order of Lepidoptera from Noctuidae and Pyralidae families spread across mainland Asia, America, and Australia. These insects are the small butterflies form called moths generally attracted to the lights at night. In Indonesia, there are five species of rice stem The borer attacks in Indonesia focused in Java in 2012, borers which become obstacles in irrigation, swamp and 2013, and 2014 were 134,415, 142,725, and 107,725 ha tidal areas. Baehaki [1] reported that the five rice borers respectively. Incidence of YSB during 2011 and 2012 of Lepidoptera: Pyralidae are yellow stem borer at Anlao District, Haiphong Province in Vientarn was (Scirpophaga (Tryporyza) incertulas (Walker)), dark- examined as a measure of controlling of YSB by headed stem borer (Chilo polychrysus (Meyrick)), rice removal of egg masses and some insecticides [3]. striped borer (Chilo suppressalis (Walker)), white stem borer (Scirpophaga (Tryporyza) innotata (Walker)), and Symptoms of borers attack are the same, in lepidoptera : Noctuidae is pink stem borer (Sesamia vegetative phase called dead heart and symptoms of inferens (Walker)). borer attacks on generative phase called white head with panicles died, empty grain, and panicles visible The extraordinary attack of white stem borer white. After entering within the stem by successful occurred on irrigated land, especially in the Northern boring/tunnelling, the larvae matures and subsequently coastal of West Java in the 1989/90 MH. Before and pupates [4]. Severe infestation by YSB often results in after that, the pests that many attack rice cultivation, complete crop failure [5]. The rice variety Oryza sativa especially in the Pantura pathway is yellow stem borer, is attacked by yellow stem borer causing dead hearts in which in 2011 reached 146,315 ha, among of them of younger plants [6]. Symptoms of this pest is 391 ha was destroyed (puso) [2]. The focus of the attack characterised by ‘dead heart’ in hill at vegetative stage occurred in West Java which reached 26.9% and in and ‘white ear’ in panicle at reproductive stage [7]. Central Java 18.4% of all borer attacks in Indonesia. In 2012, yellow rice borer attack occurs in West Java, White stem borer attacked rice cultivation in especially in Karawang, estimated more than 15,000 ha. the Pantura pathway at WS 1989/90 reach 65,040 ha, 434 Baehaki S.E.; Sch J Agric Vet Sci., Nov 2017; 4(11):434-441 among them about 15,868 ha was destroyed (puso) [1], for Rice Research (ICRR) at Ciasem-Subang District this attack occurs after the silent period for 50 years. and the neighboring of sub districts Pabuaran and After that year until 2017 (for 27 years) there has not Patokbeusi. The nurseries were conducted in farmer’s been a white stem borer explosion yet. fields on 22 September to 29 September 2012 scattered around the light traps. Observation every day from 3 The yellow stem borer is a monophagous rice October to 8 October 2012 on several nurseries at 100, pest which is the most destructive pest and attacked rice 150, 200, 500, 800, 1300, and 1800 m of light trap plantation always in high larges area from year to year BSE-G3 model. Observation by visual counting since 2006-2014, the fluctuation of pest attack didn’t method to calculate how many YSB moths, egg masses, seen as the fluctuation of the brown planthopper attack and RBB per m2/point sample of three point of each that very clear in fluctuation. Actually the most nursery. On the other hand the observation of the borers dangerous was yellow stem borer, but it is so difficult to that captured in the light trap in period 3 to 8 October say the number one pest because in some reports it 2012. Specification of light trap BSE-G3 model and didn’t record percentage of the intensity of the rice calculate of YSB moth and RBB use the method of damage. Baehaki et al. [10]. YSB is reported throughout India and is considered as the most dominating and destructive pest Data analysis was conducted by making the species out of the all species of stem borers [8]. West relationship curve between number of YSB egg masses Bengal tops the list in consideration of rice production with the YSB moth in the nursery and the relationship in India. YSB is reported to ravage in all of the agro- between the number of YSB on nursery and the number ecological regions of West Bengal sharing about of YSB that capture on the light trap. 89.50% of the total rice borer population [9]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The yellow stem borer is an important pest of YSB dan RBB in North Coastal of West Java irrigated rice in south and Southeast Asia. Stem borers In Bekasi District the observations on DS2012 are chronic pests, found in every field in every season, was conducted in Sukatani (Sukadarma, Sukamulya), but generally at low numbers. Planthoppers and gall Sukakarya (Sukakarya and Sukaindah) and Sukawangi midge usually create localized outbreaks, causing high (Sukakerta and Sukawangi) sub district. Varieties that yield losses in relatively small areas. In India the major are widely planted by farmers are Mekongga and constraints of rice production is the occurrence of insect Ciherang. The first observation on 24 May, 2012 at pests at various stages of crop growth [7]. Sukatani on nursery 15-25 days after sowing (DAS) and in some have planted. The average number of egg The objective of this research to study the masses of YSB was 0.5 egg masses/m2, while in continuity of YSB attack from season to season, study Sukakarya and Sukawangi were still in a state of to idle RBB pest, relationship of moth and egg masses fallow. (the group of eggs laid by a female in a single egg- laying event) in the nursery, relationship of moths in On 26 June, 2012 in Sukatani the rice the nursery with YSB on the light trap which as the transplanting was 17-30 days after transplanted (DAT), early monitoring to determine will be happened YSB while in Sukakarya and Sukawangi on nursery of 7-20 outbreak in the rice plant. DAS. The damage intensity in Sukatani and some area of Sukakarya were 2.3 and 3.1% dead heart respective MATERIALS AND METHODS and the number of egg masses in nursery was 0.45 egg YSB dan RBB in North Coastal of West Java mass/m2 (Fig.1). Observation of the distribution of yellow stem borer (YSB) attacks and abundance rice black bug In Karawang (Palawad) on 3 May, 2012, the (RBB) was carried out on DS 2012 in several District of intensity dead heart of YSB reached 69.6% in Ciherang West Java, namely Bekasi, Karawang, Subang, and variety of 40 DAT and intensity white head before Indramayu, and one district from Central Java harvest in Tempuran (Tempuran) and Cilamaya (Pemalang District). In each district were selected 1-3 (Sukatani) were 62.6% and 27.6% respectively. On sub districts and in each sub-district were selected 1-3 the observation of 28 June, 2012 the white head villages or parts of the village. Observation on 20 hills intensity of YSB attacks dropped with the highest attack of rice with same age from one rice field area of each in Tempuran was 5.14%.
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