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Bhutan's Accelerating Urbanization
Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 62072 Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT KINGDOM OF BHUTAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CREDIT 3310) June 13, 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized IEG Public Sector Evaluation Independent Evaluation Group Public Disclosure Authorized Currency Equivalents (annual averages) Currency Unit = Bhutanese Ngultrum (Nu) 1999 US$1.00 Nu 43.06 2000 US$1.00 Nu 44.94 2001 US$1.00 Nu 47.19 2002 US$1.00 Nu 48.61 2003 US$1.00 Nu 46.58 2004 US$1.00 Nu 45.32 2005 US$1.00 Nu 44.10 2006 US$1.00 Nu 45.31 2007 US$1.00 Nu 41.35 2006 US$1.00 Nu 43.51 2007 US$1.00 Nu 48.41 Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank BNUS Bhutan National Urbanization Strategy CAS Country Assistance Strategy CPS Country Partnership Strategy DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DUDES Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services (of MOWHS) GLOF Glacial Lake Outburst Flood ICR Implementation Completion Report IEG Independent Evaluation Group IEGWB Independent Evaluation Group (World Bank) MOF Ministry of Finance MOWHS Ministry of Works & Human Settlement PPAR Project Performance Assessment Report RGOB Royal Government of Bhutan TA Technical Assistance Fiscal Year Government: July 1 – June 30 Director-General, Independent Evaluation : Mr. Vinod Thomas Director, IEG Public Sector Evaluation : Ms. Monika Huppi (Acting) Manager, IEG Public Sector Evaluation : Ms. Monika Huppi Task Manager : Mr. Roy Gilbert i Contents Principal Ratings ............................................................................................................... -
Farming and Biodiversity of Pigs in Bhutan
Animal Genetic Resources, 2011, 48, 47–61. © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011 doi:10.1017/S2078633610001256 Farming and biodiversity of pigs in Bhutan K. Nidup1,2, D. Tshering3, S. Wangdi4, C. Gyeltshen5, T. Phuntsho5 and C. Moran1 1Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (REPROGEN), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia; 2College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Bhutan; 3Department of Livestock, National Pig Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan; 4Department of Livestock, Regional Pig and Poultry Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Lingmithang, Bhutan; 5Department of Livestock, Regional Pig and Poultry Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Gelephu, Bhutan Summary Pigs have socio-economic and cultural importance to the livelihood of many Bhutanese rural communities. While there is evidence of increased religious disapproval of pig raising, the consumption of pork, which is mainly met from imports, is increasing every year. Pig development activities are mainly focused on introduction of exotic germplasm. There is an evidence of a slow but steady increase in the population of improved pigs in the country. On the other hand, indigenous pigs still comprise 68 percent of the total pig population but their numbers are rapidly declining. If this trend continues, indigenous pigs will become extinct within the next 10 years. Once lost, this important genetic resource is largely irreplaceable. Therefore, Government of Bhutan must make an effort to protect, promote and utilize indigenous pig resources in a sustainable manner. In addition to the current ex situ conservation programme based on cryopre- servation of semen, which needs strengthening, in situ conservation and a nucleus farm is required to combat the enormous decline of the population of indigenous pigs and to ensure a sustainable source of swine genetic resources in the country. -
Research Paper Assessment of Water Shortage in Zhemgang Town And
Academia Journal of Environmetal Science 8(3): 037-049, March 2020 DOI: 10.15413/ajes.2020.0101 ISSN: ISSN 2315-778X ©2020 Academia Publishing Research Paper Assessment of water shortage in Zhemgang town and potential for rooftop rainwater harvesting in RDTC, Zhemgang Accepted 14th February, 2020 ABSTRACT Rainwater harvesting is one of the promising alternatives to supplement the surface water resources in areas where existing water supply is inadequate to meet the demand. The residents of Zhemgang town currently face shortage of potable water, but so far the potential of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) to supplement the existing water supply system has not been assessed. This study was conducted to assess the water shortage problem in Zhemgang town and potential for Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) in the Rural Development Training Centre (RDTC). A total of 318 households were interviewed to assess the water shortage problems and knowledge, attitude and practices on RWH. Data were collected once in 24 h every rainfall during the entire rainy season from five rooftop structures in RDTC premises to determine the potential for RWH and its usage. The study showed that the Zhemgang Municipal Office supplies 469.02 L of water per day per household resulting in residents facing potable drinking water deficit of about 54.48 liter/day/household as the average requirement is 523.50±110.48 L/day/household. Zhemgang town receives a mean annual rainfall of 1412.50±208.90 mm with an intra-annual variability range of 0.95 and 0.97 mm and inter annual variability of 0.15 mm. The low variability in rainfall, which ranges between 0.29 mm and 0.41 mm during the wet seasons, suggests a reliable condition for RWH and a guarantee for the return on investment. -
World Bank Document
E-282 VOL. 1 ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT DAKPAI - BULI ROAD Public Disclosure Authorized ISDP - ZHEMGANG, BHtUTAN Public Disclosure Authorized -=L_ Public Disclosure Authorized EIA TEAM 1. KarmaJimba (Consultant) Team Leader 2. HomnathAdhikarey (A.E. PWD) Member 3. P.D.Wangdi(P.E. Dakpai - Buli Road)Member 4. LhakpaSherpa (Survey Head, Dakpai - BuliRoad) Member 5. PhubTshering (R.O. Central Forest, Zhemgang) Member Public Disclosure Authorized 6. DechenDorji (Gup,Nangkor Geog, Zhemgang) Member February1998 EL4 Findings' Sawnary FcEcu= vE OR NON-TECHNICALSUMMAR Y 1. TITLE: Dakpai - Bull Road Construciion 2. PROJECT LOCATION: 15 km from Zhemgang towards Gelephu, Nangkor Geog,Zhemgang 3. PROPONENT: ZhemgangDzongkhag 4. IMPLEMENTINGAGENCY: PublicWorks Division (PWD) 5. FUNDINGAGENCY: RGOB and the Governmentof the Netherlands 6. RATIONALE FOR THE ROAD * Approximately36.5 km of new road constructionconnecting Dakpai-Buliwas approved in the 8' Five Year Plan budget of ZhemgangDzongkhag. * Having finalized the formulationof ISDP, Phase II in March 1997, the Dutch Government has shown interest in funding Nu. 37.5 million as a part of the project budget. * Before the project is started it is the policy of the RGOB and donor's wish to become aware of the environmentalimpacts of the project. * The assessed impactsare followed with remedial measures that will help to design the implementationof the project. 7. MAJOR FINDINGS: * Three houses can be saved from damage through breast wall erection; one house worst affected was dismantled; and house below the road would be affected by falling road debris (all houses are located at Dakpai road take-offpoint). • One irrigation cannelwould be affectedas road cuts through the chainage of the cannel and by falling debris as cannel runs parallel to the road for about 100m. -
National BUDGET FINANCIAL YEAR 2019-20
NATIONAL BUDGET FINANCIAL YEAR 2019-20 MINISTRY OF FINANCE Printed @ KUENSEL Corporation Ltd. MAY 2019 As a developing country, we have limited resources. We must manage our available resources wisely, minimize waste, and ensure that all our resources are directed at improving the well being of the people, and in fulfilling our national vision. The civil service is tasked with the oversight, management, administration, and disbursement of funds for governance. So the responsibility falls squarely on the shoulders of our civil servants to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in utilizing our scarce resources. - His Majesty The King, 111th National Day Address, 2018. BUDGET FY 2019-20 HIGHLIGHTS ECONOMIC OUTLOOK • The economy is projected to grow at 7.2 percent. • Trade balance to improve upon commissioning of MHPA in medium-term. • Current Account Deficit improve from 13.4 to 9.7 percent of GDP. • Increased government spending to have positive impact on growth. RESOURCES • Total resources estimated at Nu. 54,619.197 million. • MHP expected to boost the domestic revenue by 20 percent. • Domestic revenue estimated at Nu. 43,299.071 million. • Grants estimated at Nu.11,320.126 million expected to cover 43 percent of capital expenditure. EXPENDITURE • Total expenditure estimated at Nu.61,197.307 million, 31 percent increase from previous year. • Capital expenditure Nu.26,544.542 million & current expenditure Nu. 34,652.765 million. • Revision of pay, allowances and benefits of public servants provisioned at Nu. 4,530 million. • Local Governments (205 Gewogs) grants amounting to Nu. 2,863.131 million • Dzongkhag Development Grants ( Nu. 10 m each) Nu. -
The University of Reading Forest Policy and Income Opportunities
The University of Reading International and Rural Development Department PhD Thesis Forest Policy and Income Opportunities from NTFP Commercialisation in Bhutan PHUNTSHO NAMGYEL Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy MAY 2005 Declaration I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all materials from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. …………..……………………… Phuntsho Namgyel May 2005 DEDICATION TO THE KING, COUNTRY AND PEOPLE OF BHUTAN Acknowledgement Studying for a PhD is a demanding enterprise of time, funding and emotion. I am therefore indebted to a large number of people and agencies. Firstly, I am most grateful to the Royal Government of Bhutan for granting me a long leave of absence from work. In the Ministry of Agriculture where I work, I am most thankful to Lyonpo (Dr.) Kinzang Dorji, former Minister; Dasho Sangay Thinley, Secretary; and Dr. Pema Choephyel, Director. I also remain most thankful to Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup, Minister for his good wishes and personal interest in the research topic. With the war cry of ‘Walking the Extra Mile’, the Minister is all out to bring about a major transformation in rural life in the country. I look forward to being a part of the exciting time ahead in rural development in Bhutan. I have also received much support from Lyonpo (Dr.) Jigme Singay, Minister for Health, when the Minister was then Secretary, Royal Civil Service Commission. His Lordship Chief Justice Lyonpo Sonam Tobgye has been a source of great inspiration, support and information. I remain much indebted to the two Lyonpos. -
Profile of Samdrup Jongkhar
Fall 08 PROFILE OF SAMDRUP JONGKHAR PreparedPrepared by Linda by Pannozzo Linda Pannozzo, Karen Hayward, Tsering Om, Luke Raftis, Katherine Morales, Dahlia Colman,GPI Atlantic Kathleen Aikens, Alex Doukas, Michael Oddy, and Ronald Colman GPI AtlanticOctober 2011 February 2012 Funded by International Development Research Centre, Canada The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative Samdrup Jongkhar Dzongkhag is situated in the southeastern part of Bhutan, sharing its western border with Pemagatshel Dzongkhag and northern border with Trashigang Dzongkhag. The Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are in the south and east respectively. The dzongkhag has eleven gewogs: Martshalla, Pemathang, Phuntsothang, Samrang, Lauri, Serthi, Langchenphu, Gomdar, Wangphu, Orong and Dewathang. The dzongkhag has a population of 35,960 and a total of 7,453 households (2009). It has a total area of 1,878.79 sq. km with elevations ranging from 200 m to 3,600 m above sea level, with the majority of the land ranging from 600 m to 1,200 m. The flattest areas are in the south along the Assam border. A broad leaf subtropical evergreen forest covers roughly 85% of the land area. The soil type varies from sandy to clay loam, the latter which is suitable for agricultural production. Most of the gewogs are prone to landslides and soil erosion due to loose soil and heavy monsoon rains. Settlements tend to be located in the foothills where the soil is most fertile. Climate is subtropical with a maximum temperature of 35 °C dropping to cooler daytime temperatures of 16 °C from October to March, which is the dry season. -
Wangchhu River Basin Management Plan 2016
Adapting to Climate Change through IWRM Technical Assistance No.: ADB TA 8623 BHU Kingdom of Bhutan WANGCHHU BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016 April 2016 Egis in joint venture with Royal Society for Protection of Nature Bhutan Water Partnership Egis (France) in joint venture with RSPN and BhWP FOREWORD by the Chairman of the Wangchhu Basin Committee ACKNOWLEGEMENT NECS, ADB and TA DISCLAIMER Any international boundaries on maps are not necessarily authoritative. i Wangchhu Basin Management Plan 2016 Egis (France) in joint venture with RSPN and BhWP Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AWDO Asian Water Development Outlook BCCI Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industries BhWP Bhutan Water Partnership BLSS Bhutan Living Standard Survey BNWRI Bhutan National Water Resources Inventory BTFEC Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation CD Capacity Development CDTA Capacity Development Technical Assistance CFO Chief Forestry Officer CMIP5 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 DLO Dzongkhag Livestock Officer DAO Dzongkhag Agricultural Officer DDM Department of Disaster Management DEC Dzongkhag Environment Committee DEO Dzongkhag Environment Officer DES Department of Engineering Services DG Director General DGM Department of Geology and Mines DHPS Department of Hydropower & Power Systems DMF Design & Monitoring Framework DOA Department of Agriculture DOFPS Department of Forest & Park Services DHMS Department of Hydro Met Services DRC Department of Revenue and Customs DWS Drinking Water Supply ESD Environment Service Division of NECS FAO Food -
BHUTAN CLIMATE + CHANGE Handbook
CLIMATE + CHANGE handbook BHUTAN CLIMATE + CHANGE Handbook 131 BHUTAN CLIMATE + CHANGE Handbook Acknowledgement We thank the following organizations for their support in publishing this book: • EU for funding the project • The Ministry of Agriculture, Royal Society for Protection of Nature, National Environment Commission, World Wildlife Fund and Tarayana Foundation for information and suggestions Copyright © 2016 Bhutan Media and Communications Institute (BMCI) All rights reserved ISBN 978-99936-738-0-4 BICMA Registration No: 100000415 Published by Bhutan Media and Communications Institute Post Box: 1790 Dhondrup Lam Thimphu, Bhutan International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development G.P.O. Box 3226 Kathmandu, Nepal This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational pur- poses without prior permission from the copyright holder. However, the source must be ac- knowledged clearly. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other com- mercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Bhutan Media & Communications Institute and ICIMOD and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Table of Contents Message from Hon’ble Lyonpo Yeshey Dorji, Minister of Agriculture and Forests 9 Foreword from Dr. David Molden, ICIMOD 10 Chapter 1 Basics of Climate Science 12 What is global climate change? 13 Climate change overview – climate change and its impact 14 The earth is warming up 15 How do we know that the climate is changing? 15 Humans are largely responsible for climate change 17 Climate change is happening 18 Climate change affects everyone 18 Key concepts i. -
Bon in Bhutan. What Is in the Name?
Bon in Bhutan. What is in the name ? Francoise Pommaret To cite this version: Francoise Pommaret. Bon in Bhutan. What is in the name ?. Seiji Kumagai. Bhutanese Buddhism and Its Culture, Vajra Publications, pp.113-126, 2014. hal-01678920 HAL Id: hal-01678920 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01678920 Submitted on 10 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Bon in Bhutan. What is in the name? FRANÇOISE POMMARET CRCAO (CNRS, Paris) & ILCS, Royal University of Bhutan. This paper does not intend to Give an interpretation of Bon in Bhutan with a textual or philosophical approach but rather try to present what the term means in Bhutan and to which practices and beliefs it is related.1 No established Everlasting Bon (G.yun drung bon) monastery exists today in Bhutan although there are some monks who come from Tibetan families and study at the Menri monastery in Dolanji (India) or at Triten Norbutse in the Kathmandu valley. However Bon po gter ston -
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Annual Report 2020 Accelerating Results for Every Child in Bhutan Bhutan & the UN ernment o ov f B G h al u y ta o n R 50 Years of Partnership and Building a Better Future Published in 2021 by UNICEF Bhutan Country Office Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. For more information on usage rights, please contact [email protected] © Text 2021 UNICEF All rights reserved Cover Photo: UNICEF Bhutan/2020/SPelden A student of Laptsakha Primary School in Punakha walks home with her cushion and desk after attending a lesson at a farmhouse in Laptsakha village. “Each of our children must embody the fine blend and balance of our native grit and intellect with acquired knowledge and skills to survive and prosper as individuals and as members of our national community.” His Majesty The King Royal Edict on Education Reform Thimphu February 2021 Accelerating results for every child in Bhutan Annual Report 2020 l 1 l Happy New Happy New Year 2020 Year 2020 & & Season’s Season’s Greetings Greetings Happy New Year 2020 & Season’s Greetings THE CHILD MANDALA Accelerating results for every child in Bhutan BHUTAN Annual Report 2020 l 2 l THE CHILD MANDALA – A VISION FOR THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN IN BHUTAN Mandala is a symbolic representation of the universe, an idea that life is never ending, in which everything is connected and interdependent. Drawing inspiration from this concept, the Child Mandala represents our collective journey in ensuring the wellbeing of children in Bhutan. It is grounded in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). -
An Ethnography of Pre-Buddhist Bon Religious Practices in Central Bhutan
Contested past, challenging future: an ethnography of pre-Buddhist Bon religious practices in central Bhutan Kelzang (Tingdzin) Tashi March 2020 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The School of Archaeology and Anthropology The Australian National University © Copyright by Kelzang (Tingdzin) Tashi 2020 All Rights Reserved Declaration This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Except where due reference is made in the text, this work is the result of research carried out by the author. ——————————————— Kelzang (Tingdzin) Tashi March 2020 iii Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have come to fruition without the support and generosity of a number of people, who helped me at different stages of working on this four-year doctoral project. It is first and foremost to the people of Goleng that I owe a deep and lasting debt of gratitude for their kindness and hospitality during the period of 12-month fieldwork. They treated me as if I was one of their family members and tolerated my intrusion into their annual rites and everyday rituals which often took place in the face of difficult and serious situations. My sincere thanks to the village headman Ugyen Penjore who introduced me to Tsultrim Wangmo and her brilliant son Sangay Dorji. She was the first Golengpa to welcome me to her house and subsequently became my generous host, while her son helped me as a long-term research assistant before resuming his post-secondary studies. Thanks are also due to Dechen Wangdi, Kinzang Wangchuck, Jambay Tshering, Ugyen Dema, Jambay Kelzang, Tshering Dorji, Kinley Wangdi, Kinley Yangzom, Kinely Namgyal, Dorji, Nima Tshering, and Kunley for their contributions to this project.