DOCSLIB.ORG

Trophic Interrelationships, Life-Histories and Taxonomy of Some

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trophic Interrelationships, Life-Histories and Taxonomy of Some TROPHIC INTERRELATIONSHIPS} LIFE-HISTORIES AND TAXONOMY OF SOME INVERTEBRATES ASSOCIATED WITH AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN LAKE GRASMERE A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology in the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand by JOHN DOUGLAS STARK 1981 i CONTENTS Page List of Tables v List of Plates vii List of Figures vii Abstract ix CHAPTER GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 I I STUDY AREA 3 2.1 INTRODUCTION 3 2.1.1 Location, Formation and Catchment of Lake Grasmere 3 2.2 CLIMATE 4 2 .3 LAKE GRASMERE 5 2.3.1 Physical Features 5 2.3.2 Chemical and Biological Features 6 III QUANTITATIVE SAMPLING PROGRAM 11 3.1 AIMS OF THE QUANTITATIVE SAMPLING PROGRAM 11 3.2 METHODS 12 3.2.1 Sampling Methods 12 3.2.2 pilot Survey and Analysis of Sample Variabili ty 18 3.2.3 The Main Quantitative Sampling Program 22 (a) Field procedure 22 (b) Laboratory procedure 24 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24 3.3.1 Sampling Variability 24 3.3.2 Community Species Composition 28 3.3.3 Known Habitat Requirements of Some Freshwater Invertebrates 34 3.3.4 Invertebrate Community Relationships 39 (1) Invertebrate communities on different macrophytes 39 (2) Invertebrate communities at different depths 43 (3) site groups and species groups 45 (a) Introduction 45 (b) Data processing 46 (c) si te groups 48 (d) Species groups 52 3.3,5 Seasonal Changes in Invertebrate Communities at the Site Groups 63 (1) Introduction 63 (2) Procedure 63 (a) Species diversity 63 (b) community similarity indices 64 (3) Results 65 (a) Species diversity 65 (b) Community similarity 67 ii Chapter Page 3.3.6 Seasonal Changes in the Abundance of 70 Major Taxa at the site Groups (1) site group A 71 (2) Site group B 72 (3) Site group C 74 (4) Site group D 76 3.4 CONCLUSIONS 77 3.4.1 The Composition of Invertebrate Communities at the Site Groups in Terms of Species Groups and Major Taxa 77 3.4.2 Comparison of Species Diversity and Invertebrate Density at Different site Groups 83 3.4.3 Community Similarity 84 IV TROPHIC INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF SOME MACROPHYTE-ASSOCIATED INVERTEBRATES 87 4.1 INTRODUCTION 87 4.2 METHODS 89 4.2.1 Faecal Analysis 89 (1) Field procedure 89 (2) Laboratory procedure 91 4.2.2 Periphyton Analysis 95 4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 96 4.3.1 Introduction 96 4.3.2 Periphyton Analyses 97 4.3.3 Invertebrate Faecal Analyses 98 (1) Paroxyethira hendersoni and 98 P. tillyardi (2) Hudsonema amabilis 100 (3) Triplectides cephalotes 104 (4) Nymphula nitens 108 (5) Xanthocnemis zealandica 111 (6) Potamopyrgus antipodarum 115 (7) Observations on the gut contents of Chironomidae 118 V LIFE-HISTORY INFORMATION ON SELECTED 121 INSECTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 121 5.2 METHODS 122 5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 124 5.3.1 Hudsonema amabilis 124 5.3.2 Triplectides cephalotes 126 5.3.3 pycnocentrodes aureola 127 5.3.4 Oecetis unicolor 129 5.3.5 Oxyethira albiceps, paroxyethira 130 hendersoni and P. tillyardi 5.3.6 Nymphula nitens 131 5.3.7 Xanthocnemis zealandica 133 iii Chapter Page VI TAXONOMY OF NEW ZEALAND HYDROPTILIDAE 137 (TRICHOPTERA) AND CHIRONOMIDAE (DI RA) 6.1 INTRODUCTION 137 6.2 TAXONOMY OF THE LARVAE OF NEW ZEALAND HYDROPTILIDAE 137 6.2.1 Key to the Larval Hydroptilidae of New Zealand 139 6.2.2 Distribution of the New Zealand species of Hydroptilidae 140 6.2.3 Description of the larva of paroxyethira tillyardi 144 6.3 TAXONOMY OF NEW ZEALAND CHIRONOMIDAE 147 6.3.1 Key to Larval Chironomidae of New Zealand 149 6.3.2 Key to Adult Male Chironomidae of New Zealand 160 6.3.3 Description of the Adult Male of Eukiefferiella sp. 171 6.3.4 Chironomid Larvae and from Lake Grasmere 173 (1) Tanypodinae 175 (2) Podonominae 177 (3) Orthocladiinae 177 (4) Chironominae 180 VII GENERAL DISCUSSION 181 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 193 REF ENCES 195 APPENDICES 1 Full collection records of macrophyte-associated invertebrates collected during the pilot survey, 219 Lake Grasmere (14 April 1976) 2 Full collection records of macrophyte-associated invertebrates collected during the main 220-232 quantitative sampling program (September 1976 - October 1977) (Appendices 2.1- 2.13) 3 Chironomid larvae and pupae collected during the quantitative sampling program (September 1976 - 233-236 October 1977). 4 Indices of precision (D) for macrophyte dry weight and invertebrate densities obtained from replicate 237-239 samples during the quantitative sampling program and ·the pilot survey (densities expressed as numbers/sample and numbers/g dry wt of macrophyte) . (Appendices 4.1 - 4.6) iv Appendices - Cont'd Page 5 Adult insects collected in hand-nets and light traps from the shore of Lake Grasmere, 240-246 (Appendices 5.1 - 5.7) 6 Percentage composition of the faecal material in terms of major food categories, and generic composition of the diatom category, for different 247-256 size groups or instars of seven invertebrate species for each month of collection and overall. (Appendices 6.1 - 6.10) v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 3.1 Factors affecting quantitative sampling in littoral macrophyte beds. 17 3.2 Number of replicate samples required to estimate densities of various invertebrate taxa (+ 20% of the mean) on various macrophytes. 20 3.3 Number of replicate samples required to estimate reliably the dry weight of macrophyte for nine habitat types, and the index of precision when two or three replicates are taken. 20 3.4 Sample type and numbers of replicates to be collected during the quantitative sampling program. 21 3.5 Physical features of the sampling sites. 23 3.6 Sampling dates, sites and numbers of samples collected during the quantitative sampling program. 23 3.7 Results of tests to determine whether numbers/sample or numbers/g dry wt of macrophyte gave significantly less variable density estimates during the quantitative sampling program. 27 3.8 Aquatic macro invertebrates collected from Lake Grasmere, Cass, April 1976 - December 1978. 29 3.9 Percentage composition and mean numbers per sample of macroinvertebrates collected from 13 sites in Lake Grasmere, September 1976 - October 1977. 33 3.10 Percentage representation of species groups at site groups, and the percentage of total invertebrate numbers per sample occurring at each site group. 53 3.11 Percentage occurrence of the taxa of species group 6 among the four site groups. 56 3.12 Species composition of Cladocera in quantitative samples from each site group and total numbers of each species collected, April - October 1977. 57 3.13 Percentage representation of each cladoceran species between the four site groups and overall mean numbers per sample at each site group. 57 3.14 Species composition of Chironomidae in quantitative samples from each site group and all sites combined. 58 3.15 Percentage representation of each chironomid in each of four site groups and overall mean numbers per sample at each site group. 59 3.16 Numbers of samples collected from the site groups, September 1976 - October 1977. 67 3.17 Percentage contribution of the taxa of individual species groups to invertebrate communities of the site groups. 79 3.18 Percentage occurrence of the taxa of species group 6 at each site group. 80 3.19 Contribution of major taxa to invertebrate communities at each site group and for all site groups combined. 81 vi List of Tables - Cont'd 3.20 Percentage composition of Mollusca at each site group. 81 3.21 Biological index values for major taxa at each site group. 82 3.22 Overall species diversity, species evenness, species richness, numbers of taxa, mean invertebrate densities and numbers of for each site group. 83 3.23 Average values of CC and PSc between sampling dates and for replicate from individual sites for each site group. 85 4.1 Size classes of invertebrates used in faecal analyses. 90 4.2 Standard areas of diatoms used to calculate projected areas of diatoms in faecal analyses. 93 4.3 Composition of periphyton communities on successive lengths of Elodea canadensis stern collected from the eastern sampling area of Lake Grasmere (8 April 1977). 98 4.4 Percentage of Hudsonema amabilis larvae in instars 2 - 5 whose faeces contained various preY,items. 102 4.5 Percentage of H. amabilis larvae in instars 2 5 whose faeces contained each of the major food categories. 104 4.6 Percentage of Triplectides cephalotes larvae in instars 2 - 5 whose faeces contained various prey items. 105 4.7 Percentage of T. cephalotes larvae in instars 2 - 5 whose faeces contained each of the major food categories. 106 4.8 Percentage of Nymphula nitens larvae in three size classes whose faeces contained each of the major food categories. 109 4.9 Percentage of Xanthocnemis zealandica larvae in three size classes whose faecal pellets contained each of the major food categories. 112 4.10 Percentage of X. zealandica larvae in three size classes whose faecal pellets contained various prey items. 113 4.11 Seasonal occurrence of prey items in the faecal pellets of X. zealandica. 116 6.1 Maximum lengths and widths of respiratory trumpets and caudal swim fins of Gressittius antarcticus, Macropelopia languidus, and M. umbrosa. 176 7.1 Taxonomic comparisons of macrophyte-associated invertebrate faunas of Lake Grasmere, New Zealand and other lakes in New Zealand and overseas. 182 7.2 Dominant invertebrate groups in macrophyte zones of some northern hemisphere lakes. 184 7.3 Feeding types (% by number) in relation to habitat in some New Zealand lakes. 187 vii LIST OF PLATES Plate Facing page 2.1 Lake Grasmere from the southern end. 6 3.1 The cylinder-sampler.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Minnesota Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)
    Conservation Biology Research Grants Program Division of Ecological Services Minnesota Department of Natural Resources BIODIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA CADDISFLIES (INSECTA: TRICHOPTERA) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY DAVID CHARLES HOUGHTON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Ralph W. Holzenthal, Advisor August 2002 1 © David Charles Houghton 2002 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As is often the case, the research that appears here under my name only could not have possibly been accomplished without the assistance of numerous individuals. First and foremost, I sincerely appreciate the assistance of my graduate advisor, Dr. Ralph. W. Holzenthal. His enthusiasm, guidance, and support of this project made it a reality. I also extend my gratitude to my graduate committee, Drs. Leonard C. Ferrington, Jr., Roger D. Moon, and Bruce Vondracek, for their helpful ideas and advice. I appreciate the efforts of all who have collected Minnesota caddisflies and accessioned them into the University of Minnesota Insect Museum, particularly Roger J. Blahnik, Donald G. Denning, David A. Etnier, Ralph W. Holzenthal, Jolanda Huisman, David B. MacLean, Margot P. Monson, and Phil A. Nasby. I also thank David A. Etnier (University of Tennessee), Colin Favret (Illinois Natural History Survey), and Oliver S. Flint, Jr. (National Museum of Natural History) for making caddisfly collections available for my examination. The laboratory assistance of the following individuals-my undergraduate "army"-was critical to the processing of the approximately one half million caddisfly specimens examined during this study and I extend my thanks: Geoffery D. Archibald, Anne M.
    [Show full text]
  • Dna Barcodes, Partitioned Phylogenetic Models, And
    LARGE DATASETS AND TRICHOPTERA PHYLOGENETICS: DNA BARCODES, PARTITIONED PHYLOGENETIC MODELS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF PHRYGANEIDAE By PAUL BRYAN FRANDSEN A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Entomology Written under the direction of Karl M. Kjer And approved by _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey OCTOBER 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Large datasets and Trichoptera phylogenetics: DNA barcodes, partitioned phylogenetic models, and the evolution of Phryganeidae By PAUL BRYAN FRANDSEN Dissertation Director: Karl M. Kjer Large datasets in phylogenetics—those with a large number of taxa, e.g. DNA barcode data sets, and those with a large amount of sequence data per taxon, e.g. data sets generated from high throughput sequencing—pose both exciting possibilities and interesting analytical problems. The analysis of both types of large datasets is explored in this dissertation. First, the use of DNA barcodes in phylogenetics is investigated via the generation of phylogenetic trees for known monophyletic clades. Barcodes are found to be useful in shallow scale phylogenetic analyses when given a well-supported scaffold on which to place them. One of the analytical challenges posed by large phylogenetic datasets is the selection of appropriate partitioned models of molecular evolution. The most commonly used model partitioning strategies can fail to characterize the true variation of the evolutionary process and this effect can be exacerbated when applied to large datasets. A new, scalable algorithm for the automatic selection ! ii! of partitioned models of molecular evolution is proposed with an eye toward reducing systematic error in phylogenomics.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Conservation Concerns of the Critically Endangered Roppaneura Beckeri, a Phytotelm-Breeding Damselfly in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest
    Bulletin of Insectology 74 (1): 91-101, 2021 ISSN 1721-8861 eISSN 2283-0332 Taxonomy and conservation concerns of the critically endangered Roppaneura beckeri, a phytotelm-breeding damselfly in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest Leonardo POLIZELI1,2, Ângelo Parise PINTO2 1Undergraduate course of Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 2Laboratory of Systematics on Aquatic Insects (LABSIA), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pa- raná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Abstract Phytotelm-breeding Odonata are rare: from the 6,300 known species of these charismatic freshwater organisms, only a small number of about 50 develop in phytotelmata habitats. Mainly members of the damselflies (suborder Zygoptera) are dependent on this special type of environment. The small coenagrionid Roppaneura beckeri Santos (Odonata Coenagrionidae Protoneurinae), a damselfly endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is the only known Odonata breeding in the terrestrial umbellifers of Eryngium floribundum (Cham. et Schltdl.). This is a species-specific association with a hostplant unparalleled in the order. It also is the only species within the subfamily Protoneurinae to occupy phytotelmata habitats. Here, we report on a population of R. beckeri rediscovered after 42 years and recorded for the first time from the southern Atlantic Forest from the state of Paraná. The morphology and the distribution of this species is reviewed and based on these primary data future conservation strategies are discussed. We suggest including R. beckeri as a priority species for dragonfly conservation policies due to its exclusive biological characteristics, evolutionary rele- vance, and occurrence in urban to peri-urban landscapes. Key words: conservation, Plateau Paranaense, Zygoptera, Coenagrionidae, urban insects.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Characters
    40 Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation: Final Report Leon C. Hinz Jr. and James N. Zahniser Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois 30 April 2015 INHS Technical Report 2015 (31) Prepared for: Illinois Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Grant Program (Project Number T-88-R-001) Unrestricted: for immediate online release. Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Brian D. Anderson, Interim Executive Director Illinois Natural History Survey Geoffrey A. Levin, Acting Director 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6830 Final Report Project Title: Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation. Project Number: T-88-R-001 Contractor information: University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability Illinois Natural History Survey 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 Project Period: 1 October 2013—31 September 2014 Principle Investigator: Leon C. Hinz Jr., Ph.D. Stream Ecologist Illinois Natural History Survey One Natural Resources Way, Springfield, IL 62702-1271 217-785-8297 [email protected] Prepared by: Leon C. Hinz Jr. & James N. Zahniser Goals/ Objectives: (1) Review all SGNC listing criteria for currently listed non-mollusk invertebrate species using criteria in Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, (2) Assess current status of species populations, (3) Review criteria for additional species for potential listing as SGNC, (4) Assess stressors to species previously reviewed, (5) Complete draft updates and revisions of IWAP Appendix I and Appendix II for non-mollusk invertebrates. T-88 Final Report Project Title: Review and Update of Non-mollusk Invertebrate Species in Greatest Need of Conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)
    Odonalolugica 9 (4): 285-292 December I. 1980 Territorial behaviour of a larval dragonfly Xanthocnemis zealandica (McLachlan) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) R.J. Rowe Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch-I, New Zealand Received May 15, 1980 / Accepted May 21, 1980 Territorial behaviour is shown to exist in the weed-dwelling larvae of X. zealandica. Caudal swinging, usually interpreted as a ventilation movement, was be threat In found to an intraspecific display. the laboratory, a uniform spatial larvae obtained. result has distribution of was This implications for resource partitioning by predators in the littoral zone. INTRODUCTION behaviour is animal Territorial widespread among species and plays an important role in dispersion, resource utilisation and intraspecific competition among reproductives. In adult insects it has been recorded in orders in association with and Hitherto many generally courting mating. (BROWN & ORIANS, 1970; CORBET, 1962; LIN, 1978) it has apparently not been shown to exist in larval insects (which of course do not directly partake in reproductive activity). While BENK.E & BENKE (1975) considered territorial behaviour to be rare among aquatic insects, MACAN of in (1977) speculated on the biological significance spacing larval aquatic insects and postulated that some form of territorial behaviour might help to account for the observed larval population structure of Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). MACHADO (1977) found agonistic behaviour and displacement in late-instar larvae of the leaf-axil- -dwelling Roppaneura beckeri (Santos) (Zygoptera: Protoneuridae). PRODON (1976) was unable to detect territorialbehaviourin Cordulegaster boltoni (Donovan) (Anisoptera: Cordulegasteridae). 286 R.J. Rowe While studying hunting site selection by larvae of the New Zealand damselfly Xanthocnemis zealandica, I found that the larvae took up positions on stems and defended these positions from conspecifics.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • Here Damselflies, on the Other Hand, Look Else in the World
    Contents Preface vii Natural History Damselflies and dragonflies in the natural world 1 Habitats of New Zealand damselflies and dragonflies 4 Endemics and more recent arrivals 9 Biology and behaviour 12 Conservation 51 Photographing damselflies and dragonflies 54 Damselflies, dragonflies and communities 56 Species Accounts Blue damselfly Austrolestes colensonis 60 Gossamer damselfly Ischnura aurora 66 Chatham redcoat damselfly Xanthocnemis tuanuii 72 Redcoat damselfly Xanthocnemis zealandica 78 Bush giant dragonfly Uropetala carovei 84 Mountain giant dragonfly Uropetala chiltoni 90 Lancer dragonfly Aeshna brevistyla 96 Baron dragonfly Anax papuensis 102 Dusk dragonfly Antipodochlora braueri 108 Sentry dragonfly Hemicordulia australiae 114 Yellow spotted dragonfly ‘Procordulia’ grayi 120 Ranger dragonfly Procordulia smithii 126 Red percher dragonfly Diplacodes bipunctata 132 Common glider dragonfly Tramea loewii 138 Species Likely to Establish 144 Bibliography 148 Acknowledgements 151 A teneral sentry dragonfly clings to its exuvia while hardening through the night. Preface Dragonflies – if a name should reflect The New Zealand damselfly and character, then dragonflies could not have dragonfly fauna comprises 14 species been better named. Dragons in legends, currently known to breed in the North and mythologies and fairy tales are often South Islands, Stewart Island/Rakiura and pictured as strong, fearsome, merciless the Chatham Islands. Additional species rulers of the air, but are sometimes have been recorded on the Kermadec portrayed as full of wisdom. Dragonflies Islands and others still have arrived have it all: they are strong, dynamic fliers occasionally on New Zealand’s main islands showing no mercy towards mosquitoes but have failed to establish permanent or many other small insects. What about populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Manistee River Watershed, Michigan
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ValpoScholar The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 44 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2011 Numbers Article 1 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2011 April 2011 Analysis of the Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Manistee River Watershed, Michigan David C. Houghton Hillsdale College Constance M. Brandin Hillsdale College Kelsey A. Brakel Hillsdale College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Houghton, David C.; Brandin, Constance M.; and Brakel, Kelsey A. 2011. "Analysis of the Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Manistee River Watershed, Michigan," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 44 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol44/iss1/1 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Houghton et al.: Analysis of the Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Manistee River W 2011 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 1 Analysis of the Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Manistee River Watershed, Michigan David C. Houghton1, Constance M. Brandin1, and Kelsey A. Brakel1 Abstract We document 134 caddisfly species and their seasonal and habitat affini- ties based on 93 samples collected from 26 sites throughout the Manistee River watershed in the lower peninsula of Michigan from May through September, 2010. Eleven of these species: Banksiola dossuaria (Say), Cheumatopsyche aphanta Ross, Cheumatopsyche pasella Ross, Hydroptila xera Ross, Ironoquia lyrata (Ross), Lepidostoma vernale (Banks), Neotrichia vibrans Ross, Nyctiophy- lax affinis (Banks), Oxyethira aeola Ross, Oxyethira rivicola Blickle and Morse, and Polycentropus timesis (Denning) are reported from Michigan for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Compara Ve Study of the Chatham Islands Odonata: Morphological Var
    1 Internaonal Dragonfly Fund - Report 30 (2010): 1-44 Comparave study of the Chatham Islands Odonata: Morphological var- iability, behaviour and demography of the endemic Xanthocnemis tuanuii Rowe, 1987 Milen Marinov & Pete McHugh *Freshwater Ecology Research Group, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. E-mail addresses: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Faunisc invesgaons on adult insects and molecular research on larvae have idenfied the existence of at least four species of Odonata on the Chatham Islands. The species resemble their New Zealand counterparts, although there are morpho- logical deviaons from the typical diagnosc features. Molecular evidence is not concordant with earlier morphological results as far as the genus Xanthocnemis is concerned. Genec data suggest there are two species on the island while morpho- logical invesgaons revealed just one. This topic needs further clarificaon and is given special aenon in the present study. The main aim of the present study is to establish the taxonomic posion of Chatham Island Xanthocnemis species and its relaon to New Zealand main island fauna. It also provides some data on the biolo- gy of the local species and esmates of key demographic parameters (i.e., survival and abundance). The results show that Chatham Islands inhabitants are close mor- phologically to their New Zealand main island counterparts. Between-island differ- ences in wing area and abdomen-to-body length rao were found, but were largely aributable to the harsh environment on the Chatham Islands and its influence on body size. Chatham Xanthocnemis exhibited low survival rates and a great diversity Chatham Island Odonata 2 of female colour morphs and certain behavioural traits (like underwater oviposi- on), which are suspected to be due to a composite influence of low summer tem- peratures, constant winds, and low pH.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae: Dr. Sönke Hardersen
    Curriculum Vitae: Dr. Sönke Hardersen Contatto Dr. Sönke Hardersen Via Giambattista Tiepolo, 22 25015 Desenzano del Garda (BS) Tel: *39 030 9914209 Cell: *39 3391411831 eMail: [email protected] Istruzione 1991 Laurea (Dipl. Biol.) presso Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Germania. 1998 Dottorato (Ph.D.) presso l’Università di Lincoln, Nuova Zelanda. Attività odonatologiche 1. Autore di molte pubblicazioni scientifiche su temi odonatologici (vedi allegato) 2. Co-fondatore della Società italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione delle Libellule 3. Membro del Consiglio Direttivo della Società italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione delle Libellule 4. Membro del comitato editoriale delle riviste scientifiche: Odonatologica, Libellula, Fragmenta Entomologica Pubblicazioni scientifiche Hardersen S. & Wratten S.D., 1996. The sensitivity of the nymphs of two New Zealand damselfly species (Odonata: Zygoptera) to azinphos-methyl and carbaryl. Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology 2(2): 55-60. Hardersen S. & Wratten S.D., 1998. The effects of carbaryl exposure of the penultimate larval instar of Xanthocnemis zealandica (Odonata: Zygoptera) on emergence and fluctuating asymmetry. Ecotoxicology 7: 1-8. Hardersen S. & Frampton C.M., 1999. Effects of short term pollution on the level of fluctuating asymmetry - a case study using damselflies. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 92: 1-7. Hardersen S., Wratten S.D., & Frampton C.M., 1999. Does carbaryl increase fluctuating asymmetry in damselflies under field conditions? A mesocosm experiment with Xanthocnemis zealandica (Odonata: Zygoptera). Journal of Applied Ecology 36: 534-543. Hardersen S. 2000. The role of behavioural ecology of damselflies in the use of fluctuating asymmetry as a bioindicator of water pollution. Ecological Entomology 25: 45-53.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of the Michigan (USA) Caddisflies, with Regional and Habitat Affinities
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys Updated730: 57–74 checklist(2017) of the Michigan (USA) caddisflies, with regional and habitat affinities 57 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.730.21776 CHECKLIST http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Updated checklist of the Michigan (USA) caddisflies, with regional and habitat affinities David C. Houghton1, R. Edward DeWalt2, Angelica J. Pytel1, Constance M. Brandin1, Sarah E. Rogers1, David E. Ruiter3, Ethan Bright4, Patrick L. Hudson5, Brian J. Armitage6 1 Department of Biology, Hillsdale College, 33 East College Street, Hillsdale, MI 49242, USA 2 Illinois Na- tural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign IL 61820, USA 3 235 SW Central Avenue, Grants Pass, OR 97526, USA 4 Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA 5 Great Lakes Science Center, US Geological Survey, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA 6 Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudio de la Salud, Ave. Justo Arosemena y Calle 35, Apartado Postal No 0816- 02593, Ciudad de Panamá, Republic of Panamá Corresponding author: David C. Houghton ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Previšić | Received 20 October 2017 | Accepted 6 December 2017 | Published 17 January 2018 http://zoobank.org/D8CA634C-3ED1-49E4-92E5-C91DFFB327E3 Citation: Houghton DC, DeWalt RE, Pytel AJ, Brandin CM, Rogers SE, Ruiter DE, Bright E, Hudson PL, Armitage BJ (2018) Updated checklist of the Michigan (USA) caddisflies, with regional and habitat affinities. ZooKeys 730: 57–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.730.21776 Abstract Based on examination of ~180,000 specimens from 695 collections of 443 localities collected from the 1930s to 2015 we report 295 species of caddisflies from Michigan.
    [Show full text]