Collections Viii Library and Archive Resources in the History of Science and Medicine at the University of Leeds
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Occasional Papers from the Lindley Library © 2011
Occasional Papers from The RHS Lindley Library IBRARY L INDLEY L , RHS VOLUME FIVE MARCH 2011 Eighteenth-century Science in the Garden Cover illustration: Hill, Vegetable System, vol. 23 (1773) plate 20: Flower-de-luces, or Irises. Left, Iris tuberosa; right, Iris xiphium. Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library Editor: Dr Brent Elliott Production & layout: Richard Sanford Printed copies are distributed to libraries and institutions with an interest in horticulture. Volumes are also available on the RHS website (www. rhs.org.uk/occasionalpapers). Requests for further information may be sent to the Editor at the address (Vincent Square) below, or by email ([email protected]). Access and consultation arrangements for works listed in this volume The RHS Lindley Library is the world’s leading horticultural library. The majority of the Library’s holdings are open access. However, our rarer items, including many mentioned throughout this volume, are fragile and cannot take frequent handling. The works listed here should be requested in writing, in advance, to check their availability for consultation. Items may be unavailable for various reasons, so readers should make prior appointments to consult materials from the art, rare books, archive, research and ephemera collections. It is the Library’s policy to provide or create surrogates for consultation wherever possible. We are actively seeking fundraising in support of our ongoing surrogacy, preservation and conservation programmes. For further information, or to request an appointment, please contact: RHS Lindley Library, London RHS Lindley Library, Wisley 80 Vincent Square RHS Garden Wisley London SW1P 2PE Woking GU23 6QB T: 020 7821 3050 T: 01483 212428 E: [email protected] E : [email protected] Occasional Papers from The RHS Lindley Library Volume 5, March 2011 B. -
William Prout
Educación Química (2015) 26(2), 162-173 educación Química www.educacionquimica.info PARA QUITARLE EL POLVO William Prout Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Received 19 July 2014; accepted 25 September 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract William Prout (1785-1850) a multifaceted English physician, conducted important Digestion; research in the areas of physiology, meteorology, and chemistry; he studied the processes of Respiration; digestion, respiration, and blood formation, the urinary system, urine and urinary calculi, iden- Blood formation; WLÀHGWKHSUHVHQFHRI+&OLQWKHJDVWULFÁXLGDQGSURSRVHGWKHWKHRU\WKDWWKHDWRPLFZHLJKW Urinary system; of an element is an integer multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen (Prout’s hypothesis). Urine; All Rights Reserved © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química. This is Urinary calculi; an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. *DVWULFÁXLG Prout’s hypothesis William Prout PALABRAS CLAVE Digestión; Resumen William Prout (1785-1850), un médico inglés multifacético, realizó importantes in- Respiración; YHVWLJDFLRQHVHQODViUHDVGHPHGLFLQDÀVLRORJtDPHWHRURORJtD\TXtPLFDHVWXGLyORVSURFHVRV Formación de la de digestión, respiración y formación de la sangre, el sistema urinario, la orina y los cálculos sangre; XULQDULRVLGHQWLÀFyODSUHVHQFLDGH+&OHQHOMXJRJiVWULFR\SURSXVRODWHRUtDTXHORVSHVRV Sistema urinario; atómicos de los elementos eran un múltiplo entero del peso del hidrógeno (hipótesis de Prout). Orina; Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química. Este es Cálculos; XQDUWtFXORGHDFFHVRDELHUWRGLVWULEXLGREDMRORVWpUPLQRVGHOD/LFHQFLD&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV&&%< Fluido gástrico; NC-ND 4.0. Hipótesis de Prout Life and career school at Wickwar, a neighboring market town, writing and arithmetic at a charity school in Badminton, and also helped William Prout was born on 15 January 1785 at Horton, his parents in farming. -
Narrative and Natural History in the Eighteenth Century
UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Narrative and natural history in the eighteenth century. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9x51z6qw Journal Studies in history and philosophy of science, 62 ISSN 0039-3681 Author Terrall, Mary Publication Date 2017-04-07 DOI 10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.03.009 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Studies in History and Philosophy of Science xxx (2017) 1e14 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Studies in History and Philosophy of Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/shpsa Narrative and natural history in the eighteenth century Mary Terrall Department of History, Box 951473, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1473, USA article info abstract Article history: In the eighteenth century, natural histories of animals incorporated narratives about animal behaviour Available online xxx and narratives of discovery and experimentation. Naturalists used first-person accounts to link the stories of their scientific investigations to the stories of the animal lives they were studying. Under- Keywords: standing nature depended on narratives that shifted back and forth in any given text between animal and Narrative human, and between individual cases and generalizations about species. This paper explores the uses of Natural history narrative through examples from the work of René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur and Abraham René-Antoine de Réaumur Trembley. In all cases, narrative took the genre of natural history well beyond straightforward description Abraham Trembley fi Insects and classi cation. Prose accounts of insect actions and mechanisms worked in tandem with visual Metamorphosis narratives embedded in the accompanying illustrations, where artists developed strategies for repre- senting sequences of minute changes over time. -
William Prout
Educación Química (2015) 26(2), 162-172 educación Química www.educacionquimica.info PARA QUITARLE EL POLVO William Prout Jaime Wisniak Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Received 19 July 2014; accepted 25 September 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract William Prout (1785-1850) a multifaceted English physician, conducted important Digestion; research in the areas of physiology, meteorology, and chemistry; he studied the processes of Respiration; digestion, respiration, and blood formation, the urinary system, urine and urinary calculi, iden- Blood formation; tified the presence of HCl in the gastric fluid, and proposed the theory that the atomic weight Urinary system; of an element is an integer multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen (Prout’s hypothesis). Urine; All Rights Reserved © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química. This is Urinary calculi; an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. Gastric fluid; Prout’s hypothesis William Prout PALABRAS CLAVE Digestión; Resumen William Prout (1785-1850), un médico inglés multifacético, realizó importantes in- Respiración; vestigaciones en las áreas de medicina, fisiología, meteorología y química; estudió los procesos Formación de la de digestión, respiración y formación de la sangre, el sistema urinario, la orina y los cálculos sangre; urinarios, identificó la presencia de HCl en el jugo gástrico y propuso la teoría que los pesos Sistema urinario; atómicos de los elementos eran un múltiplo entero del peso del hidrógeno (hipótesis de Prout). Orina; Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química. Este es Cálculos; un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY- Fluido gástrico; NC-ND 4.0. -
HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor
HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor Marshal! Brucer J Nucl Med 19: 581-598, 1978 In the beginning, a boa constrictor defecated in and then analyzed the insoluble precipitate. Just as London and the subsequent development of nuclear he suspected, it was almost pure (90.16%) uric medicine was inevitable. It took a little time, but the acid. As a thorough scientist he also determined the 139-yr chain of cause and effect that followed was "proportional number" of 37.5 for urea. ("Propor inexorable (7). tional" or "equivalent" weight was the current termi One June week in 1815 an exotic animal exhibi nology for what we now call "atomic weight.") This tion was held on the Strand in London. A young 37.5 would be used by Friedrich Woehler in his "animal chemist" named William Prout (we would famous 1828 paper on the synthesis of urea. Thus now call him a clinical pathologist) attended this Prout, already the father of clinical pathology, be scientific event of the year. While he was viewing a came the grandfather of organic chemistry. boa constrictor recently captured in South America, [Prout was also the first man to use iodine (2 yr the animal defecated and Prout was amazed by what after its discovery in 1814) in the treatment of thy he saw. The physiological incident was common roid goiter. He considered his greatest success the place, but he was the only person alive who could discovery of muriatic acid, inorganic HC1, in human recognize the material. Just a year earlier he had gastric juice. -
The British Journal for the History of Science Mechanical Experiments As Moral Exercise in the Education of George
The British Journal for the History of Science http://journals.cambridge.org/BJH Additional services for The British Journal for the History of Science: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Mechanical experiments as moral exercise in the education of George III FLORENCE GRANT The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 48 / Issue 02 / June 2015, pp 195 - 212 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087414000582, Published online: 01 August 2014 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007087414000582 How to cite this article: FLORENCE GRANT (2015). Mechanical experiments as moral exercise in the education of George III. The British Journal for the History of Science, 48, pp 195-212 doi:10.1017/ S0007087414000582 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/BJH, IP address: 130.132.173.207 on 07 Jul 2015 BJHS 48(2): 195–212, June 2015. © British Society for the History of Science 2014 doi:10.1017/S0007087414000582 First published online 1 August 2014 Mechanical experiments as moral exercise in the education of George III FLORENCE GRANT* Abstract. In 1761, George III commissioned a large group of philosophical instruments from the London instrument-maker George Adams. The purchase sprang from a complex plan of moral education devised for Prince George in the late 1750s by the third Earl of Bute. Bute’s plan applied the philosophy of Frances Hutcheson, who placed ‘the culture of the heart’ at the foundation of moral education. To complement this affective development, Bute also acted on seventeenth-century arguments for the value of experimental philosophy and geometry as exercises that habituated the student to recognizing truth, and to pursuing it through long and difficult chains of reasoning. -
Alexander Marcet (1770-1822), Physician and Animal Chemist
ALEXANDER MARCET (1770-1822), PHYSICIAN AND ANIMAL CHEMIST by N. G. COLEY ALEXANDER John Gaspard Marcet1 was born in Geneva in the year 1770. His father, who was a merchant of Huguenot descent,2 wished him to follow the family business, but the young Alexander had no liking for commerce. Instead he decided to train for a career in the law, but before he could complete his studies he became involved in the disturbed political situation which arose in Geneva after the French Revolution.3 This resulted in his imprisonment, along with his boyhood friend Charles Gaspard de la Rive.4After the death of Robespierre in 1794 the two friends were at length successful in obtaining a special dispensation by which they were released from prison but were banished from Switzerland for five years. They then came to Edinburgh, where they took up the study of medicine, both gaining the M.D. on the same day in 1797. There was a strong chemical tradition in the University of Edinburgh at this time, deriving from the earlier influence of men like William Cullen. Joseph Black was in the chair of medicine and chemistry and the university was also served by Daniel Rutherford, from whom Marcet received instruction. The interest which Marcet was later to show in chemistry became apparent in that he chose to write his doctoral thesis on diabetes,5 about which several plausible chemical theories were currently under discussion in the university. Immediately after qualifying in 1797, Marcet moved to London where he was first of all assistant physician to the Public Dispensary in Cary Street. -
The Mémoires of Abraham Trembley. III. His Discoveries on Hydra and His Approaches to Biology
The mémoires of Abraham Trembley. III. His discoveries on hydra and his approaches to biology Autor(en): Lenhoff, Howard M. / Lenhoff, Sylvia G. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Archives des sciences et compte rendu des séances de la Société Band (Jahr): 38 (1985) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 29.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-740481 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Arch. Sc. Genève Vol. 38 Fasc. 3 pp. 293-304 1985 THE MÉMOIRES OF ABRAHAM TREMBLEY: III. HIS DISCOVERIES ON HYDRA AND HIS APPROACHES TO BIOLOGY BY Howard M. LENHOFF1 and Sylvia G. -
Hunt, Stephen E. "'Free, Bold, Joyous': the Love of Seaweed in Margaret Gatty and Other Mid–Victorian Writers." Environment and History 11, No
The White Horse Press Full citation: Hunt, Stephen E. "'Free, Bold, Joyous': The Love of Seaweed in Margaret Gatty and Other Mid–Victorian Writers." Environment and History 11, no. 1 (February 2005): 5–34. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3221. Rights: All rights reserved. © The White Horse Press 2005. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this article may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. For further information please see http://www.whpress.co.uk. ʻFree, Bold, Joyousʼ: The Love of Seaweed in Margaret Gatty and Other Mid-Victorian Writers STEPHEN E. HUNT Wesley House, 10 Milton Park, Redfield, Bristol, BS5 9HQ Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT With particular reference to Gattyʼs British Sea-Weeds and Eliotʼs ʻRecollections of Ilfracombeʼ, this article takes an ecocritical approach to popular writings about seaweed, thus illustrating the broader perception of the natural world in mid-Victorian literature. This is a discursive exploration of the way that the enthusiasm for seaweed reveals prevailing ideas about propriety, philanthropy and natural theology during the Victorian era, incorporating social history, gender issues and natural history in an interdisciplinary manner. Although unchaperoned wandering upon remote shorelines remained a questionable activity for women, ʻseaweedingʼ made for a direct aesthetic engagement with the specificity of place in a way that conforms to Barbara Gatesʼs notion of the ʻVictorian female sublimeʼ. -
LAVOISIER-The Crucial Year the Background and Origin of His First
LAVOISIER-THE CRUCIAL YEAR: The Background and Origin of His First Experiments on Combustion in z772 Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 17 43-1794, a portrait by David (Photo Roger-Viollet) LA VOISIER -The Crucial Year The Background and Origin of His First Experiments on Combustion in 1772 /J_y llenr_y (Juerlac CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca, New York Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. This work has been brought to publication with the assistance of a grant from the Ford Foundation. Copyright © 1961 by Cornell University First paperback printing 2019 The text of this book is li censed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommerciai-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the li cense, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978- 1-501 7-4663-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-5017-4664-2 (pdf) ISBN 978-1-5017-4665-9 ( epub/mobi) Librarians: A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress TO Andrew Norman Meldrum (1876-1934) AND Helene Metzger (188g-1944) Acknowledgments MUCH of the research and much of the writing of a first draft of this book was completed while I was a mem ber of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, in 1953-1955. -
Article Reference
Article Abraham Trembley's Strategy of Generosity and the Scope of Celebrity in the Mid-Eighteenth Century RATCLIFF, Marc Abstract Historians of science have long believed that Abraham Trembley's celebrity and impact were attributable chiefly to the incredible regenerative phenomena demonstrated by the polyp, which he discovered in 1744, and to the new experimental method he devised to investigate them. This essay shows that experimental method alone cannot account for Trembley's success and influence; nor are the marvels of the polyp sufficient to explain its scientific and cultural impact. Experimental method was but one element in a new conception of the laboratory that called for both experimental and para-experimental skills whose public availability depended on a new style of communication. The strategy of generosity that led Trembley to dispatch polyps everywhere enabled experimental naturalist laboratories to spread throughout Europe, and the free circulation of living objects for scientific research led practitioners to establish an experimental field distinct from mechanical physics. Scholars reacted to the marvels of the polyp by strengthening the boundaries between the public and academic spheres and, in consequence, opened a space for [...] Reference RATCLIFF, Marc. Abraham Trembley's Strategy of Generosity and the Scope of Celebrity in the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Isis, 2004, vol. 95, no. 4, p. 555-575 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:37207 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Abraham Trembley’s Strategy of Generosity and the Scope of Celebrity in the Mid-Eighteenth Century By Marc J. Ratcliff* ABSTRACT Historians of science have long believed that Abraham Trembley’s celebrity and impact were attributable chiefly to the incredible regenerative phenomena demonstrated by the polyp, which he discovered in 1744, and to the new experimental method he devised to investigate them. -
Historical Review
1 Historical Review INTRODUCTION This chapter presents a brief historical review of progress in the field of plant water relations because the authors feel that it is impossible to fully understand the present without some knowledge of the past. As the Danish philosopher Kierkegaarde wrote, "Life can only be understood backward, but it can only be lived forward," and this also is true of science. The present generation needs to be reminded that some generally accepted concepts have their origin in ideas of 17th or 18th century writers and although others were suggested many decades ago, they were neglected until recently. As might be expected, the importance of water to plant growth was recog- nized by prehistoric farmers because irrigation systems already existed in Egypt, Babylonia (modern Iraq), and China at the beginning of recorded history, and the first European explorers found extensive irrigation systems in both North and South America. However, irrigation was not used extensively in agriculture in the United States until after the middle of the 19th century and little research on plant water relations occurred until the 20th century. Early Research Although plant water relations appear to have been the first area of plant physiology to be studied, progress was slow from Aristotle who died in 322 B.C. to the middle of the 19th century. According to Aristotle, plants absorbed their food ready for use from the soil, and plant nutrition was controlled by a soul or vital principle that ailowed plants to absorb only those substances useful in 2 1. Historical Review growth. This idea only began to be questioned in the 17th century by Jung, van Helmont, Mariotte, and others, and it ~ersistedinto the 19th century.