DOCSLIB.ORG

Genital Mycoplasmal Infections: Their Relation to Prematurity and Other Abnormalities of Reproduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genital Mycoplasmal Infections: Their Relation to Prematurity and Other Abnormalities of Reproduction J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.s3-10.1.95 on 1 January 1976. Downloaded from J. clin. Path., 29, Suppl. (Roy. Coll. Path.), 10, 95-98 Infections Genital mycoplasmal infections: their relation to prematurity and other abnormalities of reproduction WILLIAM M. McCORMACK' From the Channing Laboratory, Departments of Medical Microbiology and Medicine, Boston City Hospital, and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Mycoplasmas are a distinct group of microorganisms Respiratory Genital differing in important biological characteristics from Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma hominis bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and chlamydia Mycoplasma salivarium Mycoplasmafermentans (McCormack et al, 1973a).There are eight recognized Mycoplasma orale Ureaplasma urealyticum species of mycoplasmas which have been isolated Mycoplasma buccale from man (table I). Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the Mycoplasmafaucium Eaton agent, causes cold agglutinin-positive primary Table I Human mycoplasmal species atypical pneumonia. M. salivarium, M. orale, M. buccale, and M. faucium are oropharyngeal com- mensals and have not as yet been convincingly implicated in any disease process (Freundt et al, genitalia and upper respiratory tract of about 30 % of copyright. 1974). M. fermentans is an unusual genital isolate newborn infants. These organisms are primarily which also appears to be a commensal. M. hominis acquired during passage through the birth canal; and Ureaplasma urealyticum, also known as the infants who are delivered by caesarian section are T-mycoplasmas or T-strains, are common genital colonized less often than those who are delivered organisms (Shepard et al, 1974). Although M. vaginally (Klein et al, 1969). Colonization does not hominis and U. urealyticum have been implicated in persist throughout childhood. Only about 10% of nongonococcal urethritis, pelvic inflammatory dis- 1 girls between and 10 years ofage have mycoplasmas http://jcp.bmj.com/ ease, and a number of other disorders, most interest recovered from the genitourinary tract (Lee et al, in these organisms has centred around their possible 1974). involvement in disorders of reproduction. The pur- b Following puberty, sexual experience appears to pose of this communication will be to review the be the primary determinant of colonization with evidence linking M. hominis and U. urealyticum to both M. hominis and U. urealyticum (McCormack et infertility, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, and al, 1972). Table U summarizes a study in which self- puerperal fever. obtained vaginal cultures and anonymous question- naires were obtained from a group of student and on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected Epidemiological Considerations graduate nurses. Those who had not experienced genital contact had low rates of colonization, similar Basic to the understanding of the role of a micro- to those seen among young children. Among those organism in human disease is an understanding of who were sexually experienced, colonization with the epidemiology of the organism, its mode of trans- both U. urealyticum and M. hominis rose in relation mission and its prevalence among the normal to the number of sexual partners, reaching 75 % and population. 16x7 % among those who had had intercourse with Genital mycoplasmas can be isolated from the three or more partners. It is against this background that we must view IS upported by research grant HD 03693 from the National Institute of the evidence linking the genital Child Health and Human Development, and research grants Al 11363 mycoplasmas to disorders of reproduction. and Al 12381 and training grant Al 00068 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Infertility Please address reprint requests to Dr William M. McCormack, Channing Laboratory, Boston City Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02118. A series of reports from Sweden has suggested that 95 J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.s3-10.1.95 on 1 January 1976. Downloaded from 96 William M. McCormack Number of Women Studied Percentage with Percentage with U. urealyticum M. hominis No genital contact 71 5 6 14 Genital contact without vaginal penetration 30 26-7 0 Sexual intercourse One partner 32 37-5 9-4 Two partners 11 54 5 9.1 Three of more partners 12 75 0 16-7 Table II Relationship ofsexual experience to vaginal colonization with genital mycoplasmas among student and graduate nurses U. urealyticum might be an important cause of amniotic fluid whereas isolation from the viscera unexplained involuntary infertility. These workers may be indicative of haematogenous spread, perhaps found that infertile couples were colonized with U. from a placentitis with invasion of the fetus via the urealyticum significantly more often than couples of umbilical vessels (McCormack et al, 1973a). normal fertility. Furthermore, in an uncontrolled The possible association of mycoplasmal infection study, treatment of colonized infertile couples with with fetal loss is of considerable interest and import- mycoplasmicidal antibiotics was associated with con- ance since these organisms are sensitive i'n vitro to ception in about 30 % of cases (Gnarpe and Friberg, tetracycline and other broad-spectrum antibiotics. 1973). In similar studies, Love et al (1973) have Thus, fetal loss, if due to these organisms, could associated M. hominis with infertility. conceivably be prevented by appropriate anti- More recently, de Louvois et al (1974) have re- microbial therapy. It is unfortunate in this regard ported that they isolated both U. urealyticum and that there have been no controlled studies in which M. hominis as often from fertile as from infertile pregnant women with a history of fetal loss have couples, a finding which is in agreement with been randomly assigned to receive antibiotic or unpublished observations from our laboratory. placebo. copyright. The same group of investigators has conducted a In an uncontrolled study, six women with a history controlled therapeutic trial in which couples with of a total of 29 previous unsuccessful pregnancies, infertility of unascertained cause were randomly most of which had ended in spontaneous abortion assigned to receive doxycycline, a placebo or no during the first trimester, were treated with demethyl- treatment. Although doxycycline eradicated both M. chlortetracycline. Treatment began before or shortly hominis and U. urealyticum, the rate of conception after conception and continued through the 28th was no higher in those treated with the drug than in week of pregnancy. Four of the six patients gave the control group. They concluded that mycoplasmas birth to viable infants (Driscoll et al, 1969). These http://jcp.bmj.com/ are not associated with primary infertility (Harrison and other instances in which women with a poor et al, 1975). It should be noted that this negative reproductive history were found to be colonized study is the only properly controlled study in which with U. urealyticum and had successful pregnancies the relationship of mycoplasmas to infertility has after treatment with tetracyclines have led this group been assessed. of investigators to postulate that subclinical infection with mycoplasmas is an important cause of repro- Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth ductive failure (Horne et al, 1974). Their hypothesis on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected has been strengthened by the demonstration of in- Genital mycoplasmas have been isolated from pro- flammation in endometrial biopsies from women ducts of conception of early abortions (Caspi et al, with a poor reproductive history who were infected 1972) and mid-trimester fetal losses (Sompolinsky et with U. urealyticum (Horne et al, 1973). This area, al, 1975) more often than from the products of con- however, remains controversial and well controlled ception of induced abortions. It is not clear from therapeutic trials are urgently needed to settle the these reports whether the mycoplasmas were wholly issue. or partially responsible for fetal death. It is equally likely that these organisms were able to invade the Low Birth Weight fetus and placenta once fetal death had occurred for other reasons. The chain of events linking the genital mycoplasmas Mycoplasmas have been isolated from the viscera to birth weight began about 15 years ago. In studies and lungs of spontaneously aborted fetuses and still- conducted before the association of prenatal born infants. The isolation of mycoplasmas from tetracycline administration to staining of the pri- fetal lungs probably represents aspiration of infected mary dentition was recognized, this antibiotic was J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.s3-10.1.95 on 1 January 1976. Downloaded from Genital mycoplasmal infections: their relation to prematurity and other abnormalities of reproduction 97 administered to pregnant women. In each of two regard, the recent study of Shurin et al (1975) sug- controlled, double-blind studies, treatment with gesting that a substantial proportion of cases of tetracycline for six weeks was associated with a sig- chorioamnionitis may be caused by U. urealyticum nificant reduction in the prevalence of low birth is ofconsiderable interest. These data are summarized weight infants (Elder et al, 1968; Elder et al, 1971). in table V. Although no microbiological examinations were It is not possible to conclude from these data that performed, it was postulated that a tetracycline- U. urealyticum and M. hominis are a cause of low responsive microorganism might be responsible
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mycoplasma Agalactiae MEMBRANE PROTEOME
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE BIOMOLECOLARI E BIOTECNOLOGICHE INDIRIZZO MICROBIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE E CLINICA XXIII Ciclo CHARACTERIZATION OF Mycoplasma agalactiae MEMBRANE PROTEOME Direttore: Prof. Bruno Masala Tutor: Dr. Alberto Alberti Tesi di dottorato della Dott.ssa Carla Cacciotto ANNO ACCADEMICO 2009-2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1 Mycoplasmas: taxonomy and main biological features 2.2 Metabolism 2.3 In vitro cultivation 2.4 Mycoplasma lipoproteins 2.5 Invasivity and pathogenicity 2.6 Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis 2.7 Mycoplasma agalactiae and Contagious Agalactia 3. Research objectives 4. Materials and methods 4.1 Media and buffers 4.2 Bacterial strains and culture conditions 4.3 Total DNA extraction and PCR 4.4 Total proteins extraction 4.5 Triton X-114 fractionation 4.6 SDS-PAGE 4.7 Western immunoblotting 4.8 2-D PAGE 4.9 2D DIGE 4.10 Spot picking and in situ tryptic digestion 4.11 GeLC-MS/MS 4.12 MALDI-MS 4.13 LC-MS/MS 4.14 Data analysis Dott.ssa Carla Cacciotto, Characterization of Mycoplasma agalactiae membrane proteome. Tesi di Dottorato in Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Sassari. 5. Results 5.1 Species identification 5.2 Extraction of bacterial proteins and isolation of liposoluble proteins 5.3 2-D PAGE/MS of M. agalactiae PG2T liposoluble proteins 5.4 2D DIGE of liposoluble proteins among the type strain and two field isolates of M. agalactiae 5.5 GeLC-MS/MS of M. agalactiae PG2T liposoluble proteins 5.6 Data analysis and classification 6. Discussion 7.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,835,117 B2 Mitchell Et Al
    US008835117B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,835,117 B2 Mitchell et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 16, 2014 (54) NUCLEICACIDS FOR DETECTION AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS DISCRIMINATION OF GENOTYPES OF CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTAC Nazarenko, I. Methods in Molecular Biology (2006) 335: 95-114.* Jeffrey et al. Microbiology (2007) 153: 2679-2688.* 75) Inventors: Stephaniep L. Mitchell, Somerville, MA Geens et al. Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2005) 43(5): 2456 (US); Jonas M. Winchell, Lilburn, GA 2461. (US) Geens et al., “Development of a Chlamydophila psittaci species specific and genotype-specific real-time PCR.” Vet. Res., 36: 787 (73) Assignee: The United States of America as 797, 2005. represented by the Secretary of the Geens et al., “Sequencing of the Chlamydophila psittaci OmpA Gene Department of Health and Human Reveals a New Genotype, E/B, and the Need for a Rapid Discrimi Services, Centers for Disease Control natory Genotyping Method.” J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(5): 2456-2461, and Prevention, Washington, DC (US) 2005. Heddema, “Genotyping of Chlamydophila psittaci in Human (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Samples.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(12): 1989-1990, 2006. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Menard, “Development of a real-time PCR for the detection of U.S.C. 154(b) by 82 days. Chlamydia psittaci,” J. Med. Microbiol. 55(Pt. 4): 471-473, 2006. Mitchellet al., “Genotyping of Chlamydophilapsittaci by Real-Time (21) Appl. No.: 13/322,787 PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(1): 175-181, 2009. (22) PCT Filed: May 28, 2010 Sachse et al., “Genotyping of Chlamydophila psittaci using a new DNA microarray assay based on sequence analysis of ompA genes.” (86).
    [Show full text]
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent
    US009956282B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,956 , 282 B2 Cook et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: May 1 , 2018 ( 54 ) BACTERIAL COMPOSITIONS AND (58 ) Field of Classification Search METHODS OF USE THEREOF FOR None TREATMENT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM See application file for complete search history . DISORDERS ( 56 ) References Cited (71 ) Applicant : Seres Therapeutics , Inc. , Cambridge , U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS MA (US ) 3 ,009 , 864 A 11 / 1961 Gordon - Aldterton et al . 3 , 228 , 838 A 1 / 1966 Rinfret (72 ) Inventors : David N . Cook , Brooklyn , NY (US ) ; 3 ,608 ,030 A 11/ 1971 Grant David Arthur Berry , Brookline, MA 4 ,077 , 227 A 3 / 1978 Larson 4 ,205 , 132 A 5 / 1980 Sandine (US ) ; Geoffrey von Maltzahn , Boston , 4 ,655 , 047 A 4 / 1987 Temple MA (US ) ; Matthew R . Henn , 4 ,689 ,226 A 8 / 1987 Nurmi Somerville , MA (US ) ; Han Zhang , 4 ,839 , 281 A 6 / 1989 Gorbach et al. Oakton , VA (US ); Brian Goodman , 5 , 196 , 205 A 3 / 1993 Borody 5 , 425 , 951 A 6 / 1995 Goodrich Boston , MA (US ) 5 ,436 , 002 A 7 / 1995 Payne 5 ,443 , 826 A 8 / 1995 Borody ( 73 ) Assignee : Seres Therapeutics , Inc. , Cambridge , 5 ,599 ,795 A 2 / 1997 McCann 5 . 648 , 206 A 7 / 1997 Goodrich MA (US ) 5 , 951 , 977 A 9 / 1999 Nisbet et al. 5 , 965 , 128 A 10 / 1999 Doyle et al. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this 6 ,589 , 771 B1 7 /2003 Marshall patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6 , 645 , 530 B1 . 11 /2003 Borody U .
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mycoplasmas: Basis for Their Lc Assification W
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Public Health Resources Public Health Resources 9-1989 A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mycoplasmas: Basis for Their lC assification W. G. Weisburg University of Illinois J. G. Tully National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases D. L. Rose National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases J. P. Petzel Iowa State University H. Oyaizu University of Illinois See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources Weisburg, W. G.; Tully, J. G.; Rose, D. L.; Petzel, J. P.; Oyaizu, H.; Yang, D.; Mandelco, L.; Sechrest, J.; Lawrence, T. G.; Van Etten, James L.; Maniloff, J.; and Woese, C. R., "A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mycoplasmas: Basis for Their lC assification" (1989). Public Health Resources. 310. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources/310 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Public Health Resources at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors W. G. Weisburg, J. G. Tully, D. L. Rose, J. P. Petzel, H. Oyaizu, D. Yang, L. Mandelco, J. Sechrest, T. G. Lawrence, James L. Van Etten, J. Maniloff, and C. R. Woese This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ publichealthresources/310 JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Dec. 1989, p. 6455-6467 Vol. 171, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Invivogen Insight Newsletter: Mycoplasma
    November/December 2005 An Insightful Look At InvivoGen’s Innovative Products Mycoplasma contamination remains a significant problem to Mycoplasma: The Insidious Invader of Cell Cultures the culture of mammalian cells. Mycoplasmas are the smallest and simplest and enzymatic procedures. However, none of these self-replicating organisms. Due to their seriously methods is 100% reliable. Direct growth methods are The detection of mycoplasma degraded genome they cannot perform many relatively sensitive to most species but the overall contamination is an important metabolic functions, such as cell wall production or procedure is lengthy (3 weeks), costly and less synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. sensitive to noncultivable species. The PCR method, part of mycoplasma control and Mycoplasmas are strictly parasites. They parasitize a although rather fast and inexpensive, is limited by its should be an established wide range of organisms including humans, animals, sensitivity and the risk of positive and false negative method in every cell culture insects, and plants. results. Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma are Mollicutes, that InvivoGen has developed a new mycoplasma detection laboratory. InvivoGen is pleased comprise together more than 100 recognized species. method that promises to resolve these issues. This to introduce PlasmoTest™, a Among them, about 20 species have been described as method is based on the detection of mycoplasmas by contaminants of eukaryotic cell cultures. However engineered cells that express Toll-like receptor 2, a Mycoplasma detection kit based 5 species (Mycoplasma (M.) arginini, M. fermentans, pathogen recognition receptor that detects mycoplasmas. on a brand new technology. M. orale, M. hyorhinis and Acholeplasma laidlawii) PlasmoTest™, InvivoGen’s new mycoplasma detection are isolated in 90-95% of contaminated cell cultures1.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1. Proportional Abundance, and Absolute Abundance of Penile Bacteria from the 266 Men Included in the HIV Seroconversion Cohort
    Table S1. Proportional abundance, and absolute abundance of penile bacteria from the 266 men included in the HIV Seroconversion Cohort. All men were uncircumcised. Proportional Abundance Absolute Abundance (16S copies/swab) Genus Median Q#1 Q#3 Median Q#1 Q#3 Prevotella 0.155 0.059 0.279 2.78E+07 9.78E+05 3.14E+08 Peptoniphilus 0.077 0.038 0.119 1.52E+07 1.66E+06 8.69E+07 Peptoniphilaceae<0.97*† 0.049 0.013 0.125 7.81E+06 2.97E+05 1.39E+08 Porphyromonas 0.032 0.010 0.067 4.47E+06 2.36E+05 9.88E+07 Finegoldia 0.029 0.005 0.104 3.37E+06 7.02E+05 2.07E+07 Corynebacterium 0.027 0.004 0.119 2.74E+06 7.12E+05 1.19E+07 Anaerococcus 0.025 0.008 0.061 4.38E+06 7.03E+05 2.10E+07 Dialister 0.018 0.002 0.045 1.76E+06 7.01E+04 3.40E+07 Lactobacillus 0.002 0.001 0.004 2.46E+05 3.33E+04 2.33E+06 Gardnerella 0.001 0.000 0.003 5.72E+04 9.27E+03 8.40E+05 Ezakiella 0.004 0.001 0.016 3.59E+05 2.59E+04 1.11E+07 Clostridiales incertae sedis XIII<0.97*† 0.003 0.000 0.010 3.80E+05 1.32E+04 1.10E+07 Mobiluncus 0.001 0.000 0.011 2.24E+05 1.18E+04 6.54E+06 Firmicutes<0.97*‡ 0.005 0.001 0.016 4.55E+05 1.76E+04 1.55E+07 Murdochiella 0.004 0.001 0.015 6.34E+05 2.70E+04 1.10E+07 Campylobacter 0.004 0.000 0.013 4.19E+05 1.69E+04 1.25E+07 Negativicoccus 0.003 0.000 0.018 3.83E+05 2.54E+04 6.11E+06 Saccharofermentans<0.97* 0.001 0.000 0.009 9.49E+04 7.09E+03 5.02E+06 Peptostreptococcus 0.004 0.000 0.027 2.13E+05 1.69E+04 1.38E+07 Proteobacteria<0.97*‡ 0.001 0.000 0.010 9.69E+04 7.26E+03 3.90E+06 Porphyromonas<0.97* 0.001 0.000 0.005 1.08E+05 4.03E+03 3.46E+06 Staphylococcus
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiology Catalogue Contents
    Microbiology catalogue Contents 3 About ATCC 4 About the ATCC / LGC Standards partnership 5 Quality control strains 7 Pharmaceutical applications 12 Food microbiology 20 Food microbiology, Genomic DNA 21 Water microbiology 24 Catalogue listing 38 Nucleic Acids prepared from ATCC Genuine Cultures® 39 Fully sequenced microbes 45 Microbial technical resource 61 Instructions for rehydrating freeze-dried cultures 63 ATCC MTA All care has been taken in the compilation of the information contained in this catalogue. However, any applications for products are suggestions only, and LGC Standards makes no express or implied representations or warranties regarding the accuracy, content, completeness, or reliability of the information or any suggestions provided, and specifically disclaims any and all implied warranties with respect to the same, including without limitation any warranties of merchantability, fitness or suitability for particular purpose. About ATCC Mission ATCC is a global nonprofit bioresource centre and ATCC is an independent, private, nonprofit research organisation that provides biological biological resource centre (BRC) and research products, technical services and educational organisation. programmes to private industry, government and academic organisations. The mission of As a biological resource centre, ATCC ATCC is to acquire, authenticate, preserve, authenticates microorganisms and cell lines and develop and distribute biological materials, manages logistics of long-term preservation information, technology, intellectual
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoplasma Spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix AURIOL C
    INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1991, p. 229-233 Vol. 41, No. 2 0020-7713/91/020229-05$02.oo/o Copyright 0 1991, International Union of Microbiological Societies Mycoplasma spermatophilum, a New Species Isolated from Human Spermatozoa and Cervix AURIOL C. HILL Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4EF, United Kingdom A mycoplasma isolated from human spermatozoa and a human cervix was shown to be serologically distinct from 98 previously recognized MycopEasma and AchoZepZasma spp. Six mycoplasma colonies were cloned and examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics; five of these were from sperm samples and one was from a cervix. These strains were closely related and had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine content of 32 mol%, requirement for sterol, and anaerobic growth. Glucose was not metabolized, and arginine and urea were not hydrolyzed. Strain AH159 (= NCTC 11720) is the type strain of a new species, Mycoplasma spermatophilum. Twelve named Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species colony isolated from each patient was cloned to produce a have been isolated from the respiratory or genital tracts of pure culture; this was done by initially filtering a broth humans (6). Mycoplasma buccale, Mycoplasma faucium, culture through a 220-nm-pore-size membrane filter, cultur- Mycoplasma lipophilum , Mycoplasma orale, Mycoplasma ing the filtrate on solid medium, transferring a single result- pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma salivarium are found almost ing colony to another agar plate, and inoculating the subse- exclusively in respiratory tracts. Mycoplasma fermentans quent growth into broth. This whole procedure was repeated has been found infrequently in urogenital tracts, while My- an additional four times; thus, the organisms were filter coplasma primatum, a species commonly present in nonhu- cloned five times (29).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,824,479 Smida Et Al
    O USOO5824479A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,824,479 Smida et al. 45) Date of Patent: Oct. 20, 1998 54 INTER-LINE-PCR Chemical Abstract, vol. 120, 1994, p. 326. Abstract No. 20:976646, 75 Inventors: Jan Smida, Freising; Stefan Leibhard, Chemical Abstract, vol. 118, 1993, p. 562, Abstract No. Oberschleissheim; Ludwig Hieber, 118:56972r. Kirchheim; F. Eckardt-Schupp, Frothingham et al. A PCR-Based Method of Identifying Pfaffenhofen, all of Germany Species-Specific Repeated DNAs, BioTechniques, vol. 13. No. 2, 1992, pp. 210, 212. 213. 73) Assignee: Forschungszentrum fur, Umwelt und Furano et al., Amplification of the Ancient Murine Lx Family Gesundheit GmbH. Oberschleissheim, of Long Interspersed Repeated DNA Occurred During the Germany Murine Radiation, J. Mol. Evol., vol. 38 (1994), pp. 18-27. Pascale et al. The Evolution of Long Interspersed Repeated (21) Appl. No.: 646,809 DNA (L1, LINE 1) as Revealed by the Analysis of an Ancient Rodent Ll DNA Family, J. Mol. Evol. (1993), vol. 36 ppi (22 Filed: May 21, 1996 9-20. 30 Foreign Application Priority Data Gong et al., COMMUNICATION Identification of Region Specific Cosmid Clones by Hybrodization with Pooled May 22, 1995 DEI Germany ........................ 19518769.5 Alu-LINE Polymerase Chain Reaction Products of Yeast (51) int. Cl. ................... C12Q 1/68; C12P 19/34; Artificial Chromosone Clones, Methods in Mol. and Cell. CO7H 21/04 Biol. (1994), 4:269-272. (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 435/6; 536/24.3: 536/22.1; Laten and Morris. SIRE-1, a long interspersed repetitive 435/91.2 DNA element from soybean with weak sequence similarity to (58) Field of Search .................................
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism 2 Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology 3 4 M
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/070367; this version posted August 19, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Microbial Signatures of Oral Dysbiosis, Periodontitis and Edentulism 2 Revealed by Gene Meter Methodology 3 4 M. Colby Hunter1, Alex E. Pozhitkov2, and Peter A. Noble#3 5 6 *Corresponding author, Peter A Noble, Email: [email protected] 7 8 Authors’ affiliations: 9 10 1. Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101 11 2. Department of Oral Health, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, Washington 12 98195-7444 Ph: 206-409-6664 13 3. Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, Washington 14 98195-7444 Ph: 206-409-6664 15 16 Authors’ emails: 17 18 Hunter: [email protected] 19 Pozhitkov: [email protected] 20 Noble: [email protected] 21 22 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/070367; this version posted August 19, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 23 ABSTRACT (N=305 WORDS) 24 25 Conceptual models suggest certain microorganisms (e.g., the red complex) are indicative of a specific 26 disease state (e.g., periodontitis); however, recent studies have questioned the validity of these models. 27 Here, the abundances of 500+ microbial species were determined in 16 patients with clinical signs of 28 one of the following oral conditions: periodontitis, established caries, edentulism, and oral health.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving Beyond Serovars
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: MOLECULAR AND BIOINFORMATICS APPROACHES TO REDEFINE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF UREAPLASMAS: MOVING BEYOND SEROVARS Vanya Paralanov, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed By: Prof. Jonathan Dinman, Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park Prof. John I. Glass, Synthetic Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are sexually transmitted, opportunistic pathogens of the human urogenital tract. There are 14 known serovars of the two species. For decades, it has been postulated that virulence is related to serotype specificity. Understanding of the role of ureaplasmas in human diseases has been thwarted due to two major barriers: (1) lack of suitable diagnostic tests and (2) lack of genetic manipulation tools for the creation of mutants to study the role of potential pathogenicity factors. To address the first barrier we developed real-time quantitative PCRs (RT-qPCR) for the reliable differentiation of the two species and 14 serovars. We typed 1,061 ureaplasma clinical isolates and observed about 40% of isolates to be genetic mosaics, arising from the recombination of multiple serovars. Furthermore, comparative genome analysis of the 14 serovars and 5 clinical isolates showed that the mba gene, used for serotyping ureaplasmas was part of a large, phase variable gene system, and some serovars shown to express different MBA proteins also encode mba genes associated with other serovars. Together these data suggests that differential pathogenicity and clinical outcome of an ureaplasmal infection is most likely due to the presence or absence of potential pathogenicity factors in individual ureaplasma clinical isolates and/or patient to patient differences in terms of autoimmunity and microbiome.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid, Sensitive PCR-Based Detection of Mycoplasmas In
    APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1994, p. 953-959 Vol. 60, No. 3 0099-2240/94/$04.00 +0 Copyright © 1994, American Society for Microbiology Rapid, Sensitive PCR-Based Detection of Mycoplasmas in Simulated Samples of Animal Sera OLIVIER DUSSURGET AND DAISY ROULLAND-DUSSOIX* Laboratoire des Mycoplasnes, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Franice Received 2 August 1993/Accepted 17 December 1993 A fast and simple method to detect mycoplasmal contamination in simulated samples of animal sera by using a PCR was developed. The following five mycoplasma species that are major cell culture contaminants belonging to the class Mollicutes were investigated: Mycoplasma arginini, Acholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma orale, and Mycoplasma fermentans. After a concentration step involving seeded sera, genus-specific primers were used to amplify a 717-bp DNA fragment within the 16S rRNA gene of mycoplasmas. In a second step, the universal PCR was followed by amplification of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene by using species-specific primers, which allowed identification of contaminant mycoplasmas. With this method, 10 fg of purified DNA and 1 to 10 color-changing units of mycoplasmas could be detected. Since the sensitivity of the assay was increased 10-fold when the amplification products were hybridized with an internal mycoplasma-specific 32P-labelled oligonucleotide probe, a detection limit of 1 to 10 genome copies per PCR sample was obtained. This highly sensitive, specific, and simple assay may be a useful alternative to methods currently used to detect mycoplasmas in animal sera. Mycoplasmas (the trivial name for microorganisms belong- Like most cell cultures infected by mycoplasmas, serum infec- ing to the class Molliclutes) are the smallest self-replicating tions are rarely detected by visual inspection or light micros- bacteria.
    [Show full text]