DOCSLIB.ORG

Fusion Reactions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fusion Reactions Nuclear Fusion Technology Dr. BC Choudhary, Professor Applied Science Department, NITTTR, Sector-26, Chandigarh-160019. Content Outlines Review of Nuclear Processes Nuclear Fusion Reactions Fusion Reactor Technologies Technological Developments Pros and Cons Foreseeable trends Four Forces of Nature Systematic Information about Nucleus . Nuclear density at the centre of the nucleus 44 3 0 10 nucleons/m Density of nucleons (r) in the inner region of the nucleus is about same for all nuclei. Surface thickness of all nuclei are very similar 1/3 Radius of nucleus, R = R0 A , small variation in radii . NOT ALL NUCLEI ARE SPHERICAL. Energies of nucleons in nucleus 10 MeV . ALL NUCLEI ARE NOT STABLE Nuclear Stability Proton unstable Stable nuclei Neutron unstable Stable n:p = 1.2 –1.4 Measure of Nuclear Stability . Binding Energy per nucleon 2 EB(Z,N) = {ZMp+NMn - M(Z,N)} c • Nuclei with the largest binding energy per nucleon are the most stable. • The largest binding energy per nucleon is 8.7 MeV, for mass number A = 60. • Beyond Bismuth, A = 209, nuclei are unstable. Nuclear Processes . We can release energy by creating nuclei that are more strongly bound (increasing Eb) Fission: Heaviest nuclei 56 Eb Fe split into smaller fragments. 238 N U Fusion: Lightest nuclei 1H combine to form heavier N nuclei. Both the processes evolve large amount of energy. Nuclear Fission and Fusion Nuclear fission: A large nucleus splits into several small nuclei when impacted by a neutron, and energy is released in this process Nuclear fusion: Several small nuclei fuse together and release energy Electricity from Nuclear Fission Nuclear power plants account ~17 percent of the worlds power. Nuclear Fusion The Phenomenon of fission is a good source of nuclear energy. However, a considerable larger amount of energy can be obtained by fusion of light elements to heavier ones. The energy yield per gram in fusion is about 8 times that in the fission. In order to effect the fusion of two or more nuclei, they must be brought so close together against the force of electrostatic repulsion that they face within the range of nuclear forces. This will occur only if the interacting nuclei have K.E. of about 0.1 MeV or more. This energy is undoubtedly provided by Accelerators, but their use is limited to small number of nuclei. To produce fusion of large mass of material, the K.E. must be due to the thermal motion of the nuclei, which could in principle result from a sufficient increase in temperature. To impart the particles energies as high as 0.1 MeV, its temperature shall be raised to 107 K. Nuclear fusion at very high temperature Thermonuclear Reactions. The SUN Sun is radiating energy at the rate of 41016 J/s for several billion years without showing any sign of cooling off Chemical reaction (combustion of carbon) cannot account for energy at above rate for long time. Fission process can also not be expected- because of small abundance of heavy nuclei in the sun Hydrogen and Helium constitute 90% of sun’s mass in almost equal proportion. Probable that certain nuclear processes involving H and He may be actual source of Sun’s energy. Thermonuclear reactions in the core of the Sun produce its energy In 1938, Bethe proposed a set of nuclear reactions to accounts for energy produced in sun and other stars. • At extremely high temperatures and pressures, 4 Hydrogen atoms combine to make 1 Helium atom and release energy in the process according to E = mc2 4H He + energy : HYDROGEN FUSION The Proton-proton chain The C-N-O cycle dominates in stars dominates in stars: the size heavier than the sun of the sun or smaller. Fusion of in Laboratory The easiest fusion reaction to attain is Deuterium + Tritium: 3H + 2H 4He + 1n D + T +n In order to overcome Coulombic repulsion, must have very energetic (~70 keV> 800,000,000 oC) D, T nuclei. At this temperature, D,T nuclei are ionized, forming a charged plasma No material can withstand this temperature How to confine? Lawson's Criterion for Fusion . Once a Critical ignition temperature for nuclear fusion has been achieved, it must be maintained at that temperature for a long enough confinement time () at a high enough ion density (n) to obtain a net yield of energy. In 1957, J. D. Lawson showed that the product of ion density and confinement time determined the minimum conditions for productive fusion, and that product is commonly called Lawson's criterion. Commonly quoted figures for this criterion are n 1014 s/cm3 Deuterium- Tritium Lawson’s criterion fusion for fusion n 1016 s/cm3 Deuterium - Deuterium fusion . The closest approach to Lawson's criterion has been at the “Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor ( TFTR)” at Princeton. Has reached ignition temperature and got in very close to Lawson's criterion, although not at the same time. Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Confinement Three Confinement Methods High-power laser confinement FUSION REACTOR Types of Reactors • Magnetic Confinement Fusion (Tokamak) • Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) : Laser Ignition MCF is about 20 years ahead of ICF TOKAMAK . Charged plasma can be confined by large magnetic fields, requiring super conducting electromagnets. • Fusion reaction occur, and the energy released makes the He byproduct more energetic, thus keeping the temperature of the plasma hot enough to ‘burn’ D,T Magnetic Field Configuration Tokamak Scheme of the tokamak principle: arrangement of magnetic field coils and the resulting magnetic field that confines the plasma. Trajectory of "trapped particles". Charged particles travel in tight "gyro- orbits" around magnetic field lines. In some cases, due to the gradient of the magnetic field, their trajectory traces out banana-shape orbits. Cross-section showing the toroidal, poloidal and divertor coils FUSION ENERGY-TOKAMAK Magnetic Fusion Reactor Schematic of a Fusion Reactor –Tokamak Design Tokamak Problems • Helium only carries 20% of energy, neutron escapes plasma • Energy lost from the core due to radiation, and this energy is proportional to Z2 Containment vessel = high Z material • Plasma is chronically unstable “confining a plasma using magnetic fields is like confining Jell-o with elastic bands” TOKAMAK Results: . The energy that goes into heating and confining the plasma is MORE than the energy that is produced Rate of energy loss > the rate of energy gain. Break-even: Eout > Ein • The energy recovered by burning some amount of fuel is greater than the energy required to get it to burn. • Analogy : The energy gained by eating a sandwich is greater than the energy of chewing, digesting TOKAMAK Ignition : P out, avg > Pin, avg • In steady state, the average power output is greater than the average power input • Analogy : Using a match to light a fire that gives off lots of heat as long as there is fuel, i.e. it is self- sustainable TOKAMAK . For best Fusion burn, want : High density plasma (N) Hot Plasma (T) Long burn time () Inertial Confinement Conditions for controlled fusion reactions; Extremely high temperatures (108 K) and pressures very hard to produce Possible through use of high energy Laser pulses from many directions simultaneously Inertial Confinement Laser Fusion Projects: Based on Nd:glass lasers Argus Laser System, USA, Shiva System – 20 lasers directed from 20 directions Delphin System in USSR- 256 beams launched through 256 amplifiers. Inertial Confinement Fusion Working : . Multiple high power lasers or ion beams are focused on a freeze dried pellet of D and T . Pellet absorbs energy and heats up dramatically, causing an imploding shockwave that crushes the D, T nuclei together . Rapidly shrinking nuclei with increasing temperature causes fusion reaction . Pellet and laser system must be designed for most of the D-T fuel to fuse before pellet explodes. ICF- Schematic An inertial confinement fusion implosion on the NOVA laser creates "microsun" conditions of tremendously high density and temperature rivaling even those found at the core of our Sun. Inside the main chamber of Nova ( National Ignition Facility) National Ignition Facility (NIF) America Fires the Most Powerful Laser in History (2010): United States' National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Lab in California has fired the most powerful laser in history, a record-breaking 2MJ shot. The laser was originally designed to reach 1.875 MJ, but beat everyone's expectations set a new world record in the process. 192 laser beams (UV) combined to form the single shot, initially reaching 1.875 MJs. Better yet, the blast caused less damage to the laser optics than predicted, which allowed the facility to fire another shot just 36 hours after the 2.03 MJs one. “It's a remarkable demonstration of the laser from the standpoint of its energy, its precision, its power, and its availability.” - Ed Moses, Director, NIF NIF and ICF Target assembly for NIF's first integrated ignition experiment mounted in the cryogenic target positioning system (cryoTARPOS). The two triangle-shaped arms form a shroud around the cold target to protect it until they open five seconds before a shot. Fusion Schematic in NIF • 192 Laser beams in single shot Inertial Confinement Fusion Problems : • With many lasers requiring extreme precision and power, the firing is not possible more than a few times each day (optics needs to cool) • In order to reach power production conditions, the lasers must be fired more than once per second. Results : • Break-even is nowhere close Safety & Waste Management . It’s so hard to get going, that if you do anything wrong, it stops. Massive reactors still have very little fuel in the machine at any time • ~0.2 g of D,T produces 1.5 GW • Small amount of fuel means no chances of container melting .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nova Laser Technology
    Nova Laser Technology In building the Nova laser, we have significantly advanced many technologies, including the generation and propagation of laser beams. We have also developed innovations in the fields of alignment, diagnostics, computer control, and image processIng.• For further information contact Nova is the world's most powerful at least 10 to 30 times more energetic John F. Holzrichter (415) 423-7454. laser system. It is designed to heat and than Shiva would be needed to compress small targets, typically 0.1 cm investigate ignition conditions and in size, to conditions otherwise produced possibly to reach gains near unity. only in nuclear weapons or in the Because of the importance of such a interior of stars. Its beams can facility to the progress of inertial fusion concentrate 80 to 120 kJ of energy (in research and because of the construction 3 ns) or 80 to 120 TW of power (in time entailed (at least five to seven 100 ps) on such targets. To couple energy years), the Nova project was proposed to more favorably with the target, Nova's the Energy Research and Development laser light will be harmonically converted Administration and to Congress. It was with greater than 50% efficiency from its decided to base this system on the near-infrared fundamental wavelength proven master-oscillator, linear-amplifier­ (1.05-,um wavelength) to green (0.525- chain laser system used on the Argus ,um) or blue (0.35-,um) wavelengths. The and Shiva systems. We had great goals of our experiments with Nova are confidence in extending this to make accurate measurements of high­ neodymium-glass laser technology to the temperature and high-pressure states of 200- to 300-kJ level.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Fi Lawrence Livermore Laboratory I*^P^*S
    V PREPRINT UCRL- 77944 Ur,\>\--m'>te^-2fi Lawrence Livermore Laboratory STATUS OF LARGE NEODYHIUM GLASS LASERS James A. Glaze, William W. Simmons and Wilhelm F. Hagen March ID, 1976 mm This Paper was Prepared for Submission to the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers SPIE Meeting, Reston, VA March 22-23, 1976 This is a preprint ot a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. i*^P^*S' ««*- -»v«>*^_ DiSTRiKUTiONC; 7602 STATUS OF LARGE NEODYMIUM GLASS LASERS* •ponum] by llw Van* Stu „ o| M[l Blmc*i ng PttritrmtM A« Canes A. Glaje, William H. Simmons and Wlhelm F. Hagen uitKnnmtion. 01 IIKU tiqitiqRt, Laser Fusion Division, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory nmnir. <ieir» 01 tngfttd Llvermore, California 94550 *IR£t» ottTIfcnitttllly f.tth mrnw en>,«l* owned (HJHi. Introduction The Nd:Glass laser is used extensively throughout the world for laser fusion and laser plasma Inter­ action studies. Its popularity, to a large extent, stems from the fact that 1t 1s capable of operating reliably in the subnanosecond-terawatt power regime. In addition, the technology necessary to combine a large number of laser chains to produce a system capable of multi-terawatt performance currently exists and is being applied. At the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory two large laser systems are currently in operation and two are under construction. The OANUS and CYCLOPS systems produce 0.5 and 1 terawatt of focusable power 1n 0.1 ns respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Plasmas
    PSFC/JA-20-4 Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas J. A. Frenje January 2020 Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA The work described herein was supported in part by US DOE (Grant No. DE-FG03-03SF22691), LLE (subcontract Grant No. 412160-001G) and the Center for Advanced Nuclear Diagnostics (Grant No. DE-NA0003868). Reproduction, translation, publication, use and disposal, in whole or in part, by or for the United States government is permitted. Submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Nuclear Diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Plasmas J.A. Frenje1 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Email: [email protected] The field of nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is broadly reviewed from its beginning in the seventies to present day. During this time, the sophistication of the ICF facilities and the suite of nuclear diagnostics have substantially evolved, generally a consequence of the efforts and experience gained on previous facilities. As the fusion yields have increased several orders of magnitude during these years, the quality of the nuclear-fusion-product measurements has improved significantly, facilitating an increased level of understanding about the physics governing the nuclear phase of an ICF implosion. The field of ICF has now entered an era where the fusion yields are high enough for nuclear measurements to provide spatial, temporal and spectral information, which have proven indispensable to understanding the performance of an ICF implosion. At the same time, the requirements on the nuclear diagnostics have also become more stringent.
    [Show full text]
  • Lll Laser Program Overview
    I ~ Ellerll APR 13 1~76 ~ illid ~~WJF Destroy Telllllllllill Route - Hold mos. Prepared for U.S . Energy Research & Development lell Administration under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 LA.WRENCE LIVERMORE LA.BORATORY LLL LASER PROGRAM LASERS AND LASER APPLICATIONS LLL LASER PROGRAM OVERVIEW ------------------------ During the past year, substantial progress has been thermonuclear burn of microscopic targets containing made toward laser fusion, laser isotope separation, and deuterium and tritium. Experiments are being run on the development of advanced laser media, the three a single-pulse basis , the emphasis being on fa st main thrusts of the LLL laser program. diagnostics of neutron, x-ray, a-particle, and scattered Our accomplishments in laser fusion have included: laser-light fluxes from the target. Our laser source fo r • Firing and diagnosing more than 650 individual this work is the neodymium-doped-glass (Nd:glass) experiments on the O.4-TW Janus laser system laser operating in a master-oscillator, power-amplifier (including many experiments with neutron yields in configuration, where a well-characterized, mode-locked the 107 range). pulse is shaped and ampli fied by successive stages to • Producing 1 TW of on-target irradiation with a peak power of I TW in a 20-cm-diam beam. Cyclops, presently the world's most powerful Thermonuclear burn has been demonstrated. With single-beam laser. successively larger Nd :glass laser systems, we now • Completing the design for the 25-TW Shiva laser expect sequentially to demonstrate significant burn, system and ordering the long-lead-time components. light energy breakeven (equal input and output (The building to house this laser system is on schedule energies) and, finally, net energy gain.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Confinement Fusion • Use Powerful Laser to Compress And
    Laser Confinement Fusion • Use powerful laser to compress and heat hydrogen • Hydrogen stored in very small pellets • Outside of pellet boiled off by laser beam • Ablation causes plasma • Pellet compressed 4-5 times density of liquid hydrogen •Reaches temperature/pressure of sun core • Get Fusion reaction H 3 + H 2 → He4 + n +14MeV Laser Fusion Reactor • Pellets dropped into reactor • Laser pulse (40 nsec & terawatt) ignites compression wave • Energy from fusion carried in neutrons & helium 3 • Liquid Lithium shield adsorbs neutrons and energy • Regular "steam" generator to get power Argus Laser Fusion Facility • Lawrence Livermore Labs: 2 Terawatt in 1 nsec pulse • Nd:yag/glass laser built in 1976 • Demonstrated concepts for laser confinement fusion • Problem: need to have pellet heated very uniformly • Thus next stage increased number of beams Shiva Laser Fusion Facility • 20 Beam Nd:Yag system • Lawrence Livermore Labs: 30 Terawatt, 1 nsec • Most important result: needed to go to shorter wavelength National Ignition Facility • National Ignition Facility (NIF) newest design • 1.8 megaJoul, frequency tripled Nd:glass laser • 10 ps pulse, 1019 W/cm2 • 192 beam lines combined • Test concepts with Peta Wat laser • 1.25x1015W, 0.55 ps pulse, 1021 W/cm2 • Located at Lawrence Livermore Labs Laser Flight • Use orbital laser satellites to send down beams orbital solar power satellites • Light focused and tracts aircraft • Flight takes off normally - regular engines • Switches to laser drive for cruse section of flight • Significant savings in
    [Show full text]
  • Fusion Devices
    PP.EPRINI UCRL-S0060 r~ _ _ZZ~ j Lawrence Uvermore Laboratory FUSION DEVICES T. K. FOWLER OCTOBER 11, 197"/ Presented at the EPRI Executive Seminar on Fusion, October 11-13, 1977 San Francisco, California This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a Journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding that It will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. )0B ©1STR1BUT10N OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED 1. FUSION DEVICES T. K. Fowler In this talk, I will emphasize the expected developments in fusion research over the next five years. This will be the formative period for fusion in the foreseeable future. It will also be a formative period in national energy policy that will impact many years to come. As the previous speakers have said, we believe that fusion is a matter of great interest to the electric utilities. We need your support and your guidance in this critically formative period. I will give a brief description of the three mainline activities of the research program in fusion. These include two magnetic systems, one called the Tokamak and one called the mirror machine, and also laser fusion. While I am going to concentrate on these three mainline activities, they are not the only possibilities. Fusion is a rich subject with many possible outcomes, all of which may be interesting to the utilities. However, the first ways that fusion will be made practical will, I think, come from the approaches I will describe, simply because each of these concepts already has behind it a long history of scientific development that should culminate in the next five years.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Plasmas
    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion TOPICAL REVIEW Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas To cite this article: J A Frenje 2020 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 62 023001 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 18.21.213.6 on 07/01/2020 at 20:53 Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 62 (2020) 023001 (44pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab5137 Topical Review Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas J A Frenje Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America E-mail: [email protected] Received 12 December 2017, revised 13 September 2019 Accepted for publication 25 October 2019 Published 7 January 2020 Abstract The field of nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is broadly reviewed from its beginning in the seventies to present day. During this time, the sophistication of the ICF facilities and the suite of nuclear diagnostics have substantially evolved, generally a consequence of the efforts and experience gained on previous facilities. As the fusion yields have increased several orders of magnitude during these years, the quality of the nuclear-fusion-product measurements has improved significantly, facilitating an increased level of understanding about the physics governing the nuclear phase of an ICF implosion. The field of ICF has now entered an era where the fusion yields are high enough for nuclear measurements to provide spatial, temporal and spectral information, which have proven indispensable to understanding the performance of an ICF implosion. At the same time, the requirements on the nuclear diagnostics have also become more stringent.
    [Show full text]
  • December 1994
    ■ December 1994 && ReviewReview The National Ignition Facility University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ■ December 1994 About the Cover This month’s E&TR is dedicated to discussions of various aspects of the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The cover features images of the heart of the & Review latest and largest inertial fusion laser being designed by LLNL researchers for use in the international laser science community. In the background on the front cover is an engineering drawing of the 192-beam target chamber where ignition of NIF targets takes place. The inset is an artist’s rendering of the NIF in operation. It shows an indirect-drive target contained within a metal cylinder called a hohlraum. The blue laser beams are depositing their energy on the inside of the hohlraum. There the energy is converted to x rays that heat the target intensely, causing it to implode and ignite for a fraction of a second with the energy intensity of the The National interior of a star. On the back cover is a photograph Ignition Facility of an indirect target that contains a tiny amount of University of California hydrogen-isotope fuel. The hohlraum is about Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 6 millimeters in diameter; the target inside is about 3 millimeters in diameter. The design, manufacture, and testing of these targets by Laboratory scientists is integral to the success of experiments performed on the NIF. About the Journal The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, operated by the University of California for the United States Department of Energy, was established in 1952 to do research on nuclear weapons and magnetic fusion energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnosing Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at OMEGA and the NIF Using Novel Neutron Spectrometry
    PSFC/RR-12-1 Diagnosing Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at OMEGA and the NIF Using Novel Neutron Spectrometry D. T. Casey January, 2012 Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-NA0000877 and DE-FG52-09NA29553), the Fusion Science Center at the University of Rochester (PO #415023-G, UR Account #5-24431), the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester (414090-G), and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (B580243). Reproduction, translation, publication, use and disposal, in whole or in part, by or for the United States government is permitted. Diagnosing Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at OMEGA and the NIF Using Novel Neutron Spectrometry by Daniel Thomas Casey B.S. Nuclear Engineering (2005) University of New Mexico SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPY IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2012 ©2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Signature of Author:_____________________________________________ Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering February 15th, 2012 Certified by:___________________________________________________ Richard Petrasso Senior Research Scientist Thesis Supervisor Accepted by:__________________________________________________ Ronald Parker Professor of Nuclear Science and Electrical
    [Show full text]
  • The Novette Laser Facility: a Step in the Evolution of High-Power Laser Systems
    Energy and Technology Review ~awrence Livermore National Laboratory January 1985 The Novette Laser Facility: A Step in the Evolution of High-Power Laser Systems Work with the recently dismantled Novette laser, LLNL's flexible, high-energy-density experimental facility, has profoundly affected our understanding of laser-plasma coupling phenomena. Novette was the first in the Laboratory's series of successively more powerful and complex laser systems to incorporate full-power harmonic conversion of laser light in nonlinear birefringent media, and with it we probed the details of the design for the Nova laser. For further information contact In the course of inertial-confinement system in the evolving series of Kenneth R. Manes (415) 422-0681. fusion (ICF) research at LLNL, we have Laboratory lasers was designed to exploit designed and built a series of the knowledge gained through successively more powerful and complex experiments with its predecessor. laser systems: Janus, Cyclops, Argus, The Novette laser was the first to Shiva, Novette, and soon the next incorporate full-power harmonic generation, Nova. All of these laser upconversion in order to test the systems used or will use chains of hypothesis that short-wavelength laser neodymium-glass amplifiers (in the form pulses couple energy more efficiently to of scaled modules), and they all share target plasmas than longer ones do. the same fundamental design, called Thus, the Novette laser provided MOPA-a Master Oscillator driving a a flexible, high-energy-density single-pass Power Amplifier. Each experimental facility to bridge the gap 10 DEFENSE PROGRAMS between the Shiva and Nova lasers, theoretical and experimental studies have while allowing us to probe the details of indicated that coupling and, therefore, the Nova design.
    [Show full text]
  • 90054 PREPRINT UCEL—9C054 Def,4 005213 This Paper Was
    UCRL- 90054 PREPRINT CLKF ^3i0c 'iU NOVETTE FACILITY: ACTIVATION AND PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Kenneth R. Manes UCEL—9C054 DEf,4 005213 This paper was prepared for submittal to the 10th Symposium on Fusion Engineering Philadelphia, Pennsylvania December 5-9, 1983 November 30, 1983 This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. '. changes may be nude before publication, this preprint is made available with the un­ derstanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi­ bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer­ ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom­ mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views -tfb\ and opinions or authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the OF THIS mrnin is UNIIMITED United States Government or any agency thereof. "£. FACILITY: ACTIVATION AND PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS* Kenneth R. Manes Lawrence Llvermore National Laboratory P.O. Box SS08, L-493 Livermore. California 94550 (415) 422-0681 wavelength laser-plasma interaction phenomena relevant to inertial confinement fusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Brillouin Scatter in Laser-Produced Plasmas
    V MASTER PREPRINT UCRL- 79769 Lawrence Livermore Laboratory ERILLOUIN SCATTER IN LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS D. W. Phillion, W. L. Kruer, and V. C. Rupert- July 18, 1977 This paper was presented as an invited paper at the 7th Annual Anomalous Absorption Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1977. This !s a preprint of a paper intended for publication in adjournal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding t!.st it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. DISTRIBUTION OF THtS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED UCRL-79769 * BRILLOUIN SCAITER IN LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS D. W. Phlllion, W. L. Kruer, and V. C. Rupert Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California Livermore, California Abstract The absorption of intense laser light is found to be reduced when targets are irradiated by 1.06 um light with ong pulse widths (150-ifOO psec) and large focal spots (100-250 urn). Estimates of Brillouin scatter which account for the finite heat apacity of the underdense plasma predict this reduction. Spectra of the back reflected light show red shifts indicative of Brillouin scattering. thD „ w« P tn ia>«m .[ WOlh . the 1 rutrd Suiti Oivnnme <h* I'niic. ,'nnnl Sti » [ net jv Rnt«nn in J tWvtl ptntni AdmjnulMUon. r*n wiy ..1 »n> kjJ rtputiubJiiy foi ihc or uicfulnr indirmitmn. ippjuiiii pftKYll OUv „wd. u (hjl Iti UV tMnnft pn> Jltly owned IIKJIIV * • Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, contract No. W-7^05-Eng-48.
    [Show full text]