Socio-ecological structure in Kuninkaantammi and Kalasatama study sites Elina Nyberg and Maija Tiitu Smarter Greener Cities - project WP3 Power report November 2020 Finnish Environment Institute SYKE Table of contents

● The case areas as a part of the city region • Introduction of the study sites Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi • How is the Helsinki city region projected to grow in 2016 - 2050 and the role of the case studies • Population growth • Housing • Workplaces and commuting ● Aerial images from Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi 1932-2019 ● Green structure in Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi WP3 case study areas in Helsinki,

3 Kalasatama

● Kalasatama is one of the largest ©Elina Nyberg ongoing development projects in Helsinki – by 2040 the area will be inhabited by 25 000 residents and over 10 000 workplaces. ● The City aims to develop the area through the piloting and testing of new sustainable and smart solutions and services – e.g. different technology orientated solutions within the architecture and infrastructure.

4 Kuninkaantammi ● First residents have moved to the area, and there will be 5000 inhabitants and 1000 workplaces by 2027. ● Area has been developed emphasizing “climate smart solutions” – energy efficient housing and nature-based solutions (NBSs) in stormwater management. ● For outdoor recreation, large forest areas of Helsinki Central Park surround the area and recreational routes of Vantaanjoki river are relatively nearby.

5 The case areas as a part of the Helsinki city region How is the Helsinki city region projected to grow in 2016–2050? The Kalasatama study area is mostly situated in the inner transit fabric whereas the Kuninkaantammi study site is located in the outer autobile fabric. In 2030 the southern parts of Kuninkaantammi will be part of the outer transit fabric. Not much change will have happened in the Kalasatama study site. The urban fabrics in Kuninkaantammi will not change between 2030- 2050 whereas the southern parts of Kalasatama, especially Sompasaari, will become inner and outer transit fabric. The map includes the urban fabrics in 2016 and the areas suitable for recreation in 2018. The dataset includes recreational areas that are 1,5-20 ha in size (Source: Corine 2018, Kopperoinen et al. 2012) The map includes the urban fabrics in 2030 and the areas suitable for recreation in 2018. The dataset includes recreational areas that are 1,5-20 ha in size (Source: Corine 2018, Kopperoinen et al. 2012) The map includes the urban fabrics in 2050 and the areas suitable for recreation in 2018. The dataset includes recreational areas that are 1,5-20 ha in size (Source: Corine 2018, Kopperoinen et al. 2012) Population Population and built environment in 2019

Study sites Population Number of Built Built area Partial master Partial flats housing k-m2 plan floor area master plan floor area k-m2 target for floor area k- k-m2 housing m2 target overall Kalasatama 5308 3398 255 150 579540 (45 720 000 1 300 000 (35 % target) % of target)

Kuninkaantammi 2121 1179 82 550 154 350 200 000 – 250 250 000 – (33-41 % of (51-62 % of 000 300 000 target) target)

Source: Building and Dwelling Register (BDR) 2019 Population characteristics 2019 Helsinki N=63 7902 Kuninkaantammi N=2 121 Kalasatama N=5 310

Swedish 3 % Other Other Mother Other 11 % 19 % Swedish 18 % Swedish 2 % tongue of 3 % inhabitants Finnish Finnish Finnish 78 % 86 % 80 %

Helsinki N=637 902 Kuninkaantammi N=2121 Kalasatama N=5 310

male female male female male female The share of male

and 47 % 45 % 48 % female 53 % 55 % 52 % 16 Share of different age groups (%) in Kuninkaantammi and Kalasatama in 2019 v_0_6 v_7_14 v_15_17 v_18_29 v_30_49 v_50_64 v_65_74 v_75+

Helsinki 7,0 7,4 2,5 18,0 30,1 17,7 10,0 7,3

Kuninkaantammi 11,5 5,4 2,3 23,9 32,2 16,4 6,6 1,7

Kalasatama 8,3 5,8 1,4 30,9 31,1 13,1 7,0 2,4

Kuninkaantammi N=2 112 Kalasatama N=5 301 Helsinki N=636 989 • 0-12v: 15,8 % • 0-12v: 12,9 % • 0-12v: 12,7 % • 13-18v. 3,9 % • 13-18v. 3,4 % • 13-18v. 5,0 %

Source: Building and Dwelling Register (BDR) 2019 Education background of employed people Educational background in Kuninkaantammi N=341 and income level(YKR, 2017) Employed - secondary education Employed - upper secondary education Employed - higher education • In both study sites approximately 11 %

half of the employed people have 46 % a higher education degree. 43 % • In Kuninkaantammi an upper secondary education degree is Educational background of employed nearly as common as a higher people in Kalasatama N=2046 education degree. Employed - secondary education Employed - upper secondary education • Income level is higher in Employed - higher education Kalasatama compared to 9 % Kuninkaantammi 54 % 37 % Housing Residential building types in Residential buildings in 2019 Kalasatama 2019 N=106 Detached house Row house Apartment building • 83% of buildings in Kalasatama are residential buildings and 61 % in 17 % 3 % Kuninkaantammi • The dwelling stock in Kalasatama is 80 % denser than Kuninkaantammi. • 80% of residential buildings in Kalasatama are apartment buildings Residential building types in where as the same portion in Kuninkaantammi 2019 N=84 Kuninkaantammi is only 50 % Detached houses Row houses Apartment buildings • In Kuninkaantammi detached homes and row houses take up 32 % of the dwelling stock. In Kalasatama the 32 % same portion is 17 %. 50 %

18 % Source: Building and Dwelling Register (BDR) 2019, buildings under authorization included in the calculations Dwellings 2019 Kuninkaantammi Kalasatama ● In both areas one bedroom Number of rooms in Number of rooms in apartments are most dwellings N=1173 dwellings N=3143 common and take up a little 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 % under 40 % of the dwelling 0 % 3 % 0 % 3 % stock 15 % 9 % ● Overall, Kuninkaantammi 17 % has larger dwellings than 30 % Kalasatama, the dwellings 20 % have on average more 27 % 38 % rooms and more people live in one dwelling. 35 %

Source: Building and Dwelling Register (BDR) 2019 Workplaces and commuting Workplaces Industrial distribution of jobs 65 25

311 Kalasatama 259 2 184 ● 2,420 jobs (2017) 253 231 ● Very mixed industrial distribution, 367 most common industries: 98 185 • Wholesale and retail trade (15 %) 254 87 57 • Arts, entertainment and recreation (11 %) 19 15 • Information and communication (11 %) • Construction (10 %) Workplaces Industrial distribution of jobs

Kuninkaantammi

● 238 jobs (2017) 47 1 ● Not very mixed industrial distribution, 4 12 most common industries: 5 4 • Manufacturing (69 %) 165 • Professional, scientific and technical activities (20 %) Manufacturing

Construction

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and storage

Accommodation and food service activities

Real estate activities

Professional, scientific and technical activities Commuting

Kalasatama Kuninkaantammi

● Average commuting ● Average commuting distance of workers distance of workers travelling to Kalasatama: travelling to Kuninkaantammi: 10.9 km* 15.0 km* ● Average commuting ● Average commuting distance of distance of Kuninkaantammi Kalasatama residents: residents: 5.7 km* 9.0 km* ● 4% of Kalasatama residents ● 2% of Kuninkaantammi also work there residents also work there

*) Source: YKR (2017). Only Euclidean commuting distances below 100 km are included in the calculation. People commute to Kalasatama from all over Helsinki, with an emphasis on southern and eastern Helsinki areas. Compared to Kuninkaantammi, more people live near their work places as the largest number of commutes are made form areas near Kalasatama. People commute to Kuninkaantammi especially from areas near metro and train lines in Helsinki, Espoo and . There aren’t many work places in Kuninkaantammi and therefore the number of overall commutes is very low, only 6 people at most. The Kalasatama residents often commute to areas in southern Helsinki. Some commutes are also done to nearby centers around metro and train lines. The Kuninkaantammi residents commute to centers easily accessible by train, for example, the Helsinki city center and southern Helsinki centers Pasila and Kalasatama. They also work in many Vantaa centers such as Myyrmäki, Aviapolis and the Helsinki-Vantaa airport. Summary

● Kalasatama is aiming for 25 000 inhabintants and 10 000 workplaces by 2040 and was at 5300 inhabintants and 2400 workplaces in 2019. ● Kuninkaantammi is aiming for 5000 inhabitants and 1000 workplaces by 2027 and was at 2100 inhabitants and 240 workplaces in 2019. ● Kalasatama residents are most often young and working age adults ages 18-29 ● Kuninkaantammi has more families (young children and adults 30-49) ● Both commuting distances for Kalasatama residents and people working in Kalasatama are shorter than those for Kuninkaantammi residents ● Kuninkaantammi has a larger variety of different types of flats and housing. The housing stock is also larger than in Kalasatama ● In Kalasatama a bigger portion of the inhabitants are non-Finnish speakers than in Kuninkaantammi 30 The development of the study areas - Aerial images from Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi 1932-2019 1932 1956 1976 1988

Kalasatama

2005 2011 2015 (HSY) 2019 (HSY) 1932 1956 1976 1988

2005 2011 2015 (HSY) 2019 (HSY) 1932 1969 1976 1988

Kuninkaantammi

2005 2015 (HSY) 2017 (HSY) 2019 (HSY) 1932 1969 1976 1988

2005 2015 (HSY) 2017 (HSY) 2019 (HSY) Green structure in Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi

36 Green structure in Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi 2020 ● The Green structure analyses are based on the following datasets: • HSY land cover data from 2018. • Register of public areas in the city of Helsinki, • Digitizing based on the orthophotograph of the City of Helsinki 2019 and field visits to the areas in the summer 2020

37 Green Structure in Kalasatama 2020

Change in the Green structure of Kalasatama 2018-2020

40 Datasets

● The 2018 green structure shows HSY land cover data for the year 2018 ● The 2020 data is based on the HSY land cover data from 2018. In addition, it uses • Helsinki city datasets (Register of public areas in the city of Helsinki), • missing green spaces (e.g. yards and green roofs) have been digitized or removed based on the Orthophotograph of the City of Helsinki 2019 (taken during summer) and • field visits to the areas (photographs taken of the green structure) Green structure in Green structure Kalasatama 2018 excluding sea areas A=2,1 km² (Lähde: in Kalasatama HSY 2018) 2018 0,8 % 2,7 %

21,1 % 22,9 %

52,6 %

Rock

Vegetation (tree stand and shrubs)

Paved areas (Buildings, roads, other paved areas) Permeable surfaces

Water areas (not sea) Green structure in Green structure Kalasatama 2020 in Kalasatama excluding sea areas 2020 A=2,1 km² 0,4 % 0,1 % 2,7 % 0,9 %

12,2 %

25,1 %

58,6 %

Rock

Vegetation (Tree stand and shrubs)

Paved areas (buildings, roads, other paved areas) Permeable or semi-permeable surfaces

Water areas

Beach Vegetation, rocks and water areas in Kalasatama Change in the green stucture 2018 excluding sea areas A=0,54 km² Rock 2,7 % of Kalasatama 2018-2020 1,8 % 25 Shrubs and other low vegetation The tree stand has remained 10,2 % Low constant as there have not been Tree stand 10-15 m vegetation much changes in is 29,7 % Tree stand 15-20 m where most of the forest areas are 20 increasing 31,9 % situated Tree stand 2-10 m due to the construction Tree stand over 20 m of the 7,5 % 16,2 % 15 Kalasatama Water areas park and

Ha yards Vegetation, rocks and water areas in 10 Kalasatama 2020 A=0,6 km² Rocks 0,4 % 3,0 % 2,0 % 1,6 % 1,2 % Beach 5 9,4 % Shrubs and other low vegetation Tree stand 10-15 m 26,0 % Tree stand 15-20 m 0 35,1 % Rock Water areas Shrubs and Tree stand Tree stand Tree stand 2- Tree stand Tree stand 2-10 m other low 10-15 m 15-20 m 10 m over 20 m 44 vegetation 6,7 % 14,5 % Tree stand over 20 m

2018 2020 Stones and stonewalls Change in the Green structure of Kuninkaantammi 2018- 2020

45 Green structure in Kuninkaantammi 2018 A=1,1 km² (Lähde: HSY 2018)

2,8 % 1,0 %

33,6 % 49,8 % 12,7 %

Rock

Vegetation (Tree stand and shrubs) Paved areas (buildings, roads, other paved areas) Permeable surfaces

Water areas Green Structure in Kuninkaantammi 2020 (A=1,1 km2)

1,0 % 3,0 %

22,2 0,1 % %

20,4 53,3 % %

Rock

Water areas

Vegetation

Paved areas

Land masses and stone walls 47 Permeable or semi- permeable surfaces Vegetation, rocks and water areas in Change in the Green Stucture of Kuninkaantammi 2018 Kuninkaantammi 2018-2020 A=0,57 km² (Lähde: HSY 2018) 5,2 % 1,9 % Rocks Shrubs and other low 18 Low 14,0 % vegetation The tree stand is Tree stand 10-15 m decreasing due to vegetation is 26,3 % 16 new development increasing 15,3 % Tree stand 15-20 m due to the 14 construction Tree stand 2-10 m 16,0 % 21,1 % 12 of new parks Tree stand over 20 m and yards

10 Water areas Ha 8 2018 Vegetation, rocks and water areas in 2020 6 Kuninkaantammi 2020 A=0,6 km² Rocks 0,4 % 1,8 % 5,2 % 4 Water areas

2 Shrubs and other low 22,7 % vegetation Tree stand 10-15 m 0 23,7 % Rocks Tree stand 2- Tree stand 10- Tree stand 15- Tree stand Water areas Shrubs and Tree stand 15-20 m 10 m 15 m 20 m over 20 m other low 14,4 % Tree stand 2-10 m vegetation 13,5 % 48 18,4 % Tree stand over 20 m

Green roof Limitations

● The 2018 green structure dataset is based on the HSY 2018 data whereas the 2020 dataset is a combination of the HSY data and other datasets. ● The differences in the datasets from 2018 and 2020 cause errors in the green structure comparison calculations. Therefore, we can’t say precisely how much the green structure has increased in the study areas.

49 Public and Private Green Spaces in Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi 2020

● The following datasets were used to complete the analysis: • Real estate map 2019 • Municipal Register of the City of Helsinki • Openstreetmap 2020 • Helsinki aerial image 2019 (HSY) • Partial master plan (osayleiskaava) for Kuninkaantammi. • Expert evaluation, field work and Google Maps

50 Public and Private Green Spaces in Kalasatama 2020 Most of the Private spaces (excluding yards) green structure is situated in Under construction public green areas.

Private yards

Public green spaces

Other public spaces

Street green

0 10 20 30 40 50 Ha Shrubs, flowering plants and other low vegetation Rock Beach Inland water areas Lawn Meadow Trench Tree stand 2-10 m 51 Tree stand 10-15 m Tree stand 15-20 m Tree stand over 20 m Stones and stonewalls Green roofs 52 Public and Private Green Spaces in Kuninkaantammi 2020

Private space

Areas under construction or planned to be built

Public green space (planned or existing)

Public space

Street green

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Hectares Most of the Shrubs, flowering plants and other low vegetation Meadow green structure Lawn Green roof is situated in Inland water areas Planter box public green Trench Tree stand 2-10 m areas but also Tree stand 10-15 m Tree stand 15-20 m private spaces 53 Tree stand over 20 m Rock Stone walls and land masses Remnant, hybrid and novel green spaces in Kalasatama and Kuninkaantammi 2020 ● Green spaces and vegetation can be divided into three categories based on their origin and vegetation:

Remnant green space: natural green spaces such as forests, rocky faces or wetlands

Hybrid green space: humans have shaped the landscape, but ecosystem dynamics are partly natural and vegetation mainly wildflowers (agricultural meadows, ruderals, parks with native vegetation)

Novel green space: constructed by humans and planted vegetation is strongly controlled and managed (parks with decorative vegetation, rain gardens, green roofs) All vegetation Remnant, Permeable and semi-permeable areas hybrid and Paved areas novel green structure in 29,5 %

Kalasatama 58,6 % 2020 11,9 %

31,7 % 44,7 %

23,6 % 55

Remnant Hybrid Novel Green structure characterized in three types: remnant, hybrid and novel All vegetation

20,4 % Permeable and semi-permeable 22,2 % 57,4 % areas Paved areas

14,9 % Remnant 15,5 % Hybrid

69,6 % Novel

56 Summary

● 30 % of the study area is vegetative in Kalasatama and 58 % in Kuninkaantammi ● Remnant environments take up 70 % of vegetative areas in Kuninkaantammi and 46 % in Kalasatama. ● 32 % of vegetative areas are novel in Kalasatama and only 15 % in Kuninkaantammi ● In both areas, most of the green structure is situated in public green areas. ● In Kalasatama, low vegetation has increased from 2018 due to the building of the Kalasatama park and planting new vegetation on yards. ● In Kuninkaantammi permeable and semi-permeable areas have decreased and low vegetation and paved areas increased since 2018. 57 Contact us:

Elina Nyberg, SYKE Maija Tiitu, SYKE Email: [email protected]