Distribution of Mesopotamia Expeditionary Corps, 18 November 1917
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British Indian Army: Role of Punjab in the World War I
201 B. Singh & B. Singh: British Indian Army British Indian Army: Role of Punjab in the World War I Bhupinder Singh and Bawa Singh Central University of Punjab, Bathinda ________________________________________________________________ The British Indian Army evolved out of the three presidencies of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, which had come under the control of the East India Company in the second-half of the eighteenth century. With the outbreak of the Sepoy mutiny 1857, both the administration and the Indian army were radically restructured. The Punjab’s strategic location, the onset of the ‘Great Game,’ and what was believed to be the martial character of local people played an important role in placing this region in the center of British planning. This paper examines the role of Punjab in providing soldiers as well as generous politico-economic support to the British Empire during the World War I. ___________________________________________________________________________________ The origins of the British Indian Army were modest. It began in the 17th century as the East India Company’s irregular force guarding a group of four factories with a few hundred men. A pioneer scholar of military history, Roy (2009), claims that with the passage of time, the colonial army became one of the largest employers in India. In the beginning, the presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras contributed significantly to the building of the colonial army. This first phase was popularly known as Bengalization of the British Indian Army, owing to Bengalʹs substantial contribution. The prominence of Punjab and Punjabis in this Army began with the annexation of Punjab in 1849 and was reinforced by onset of the Great Game in general and World War I in particular. -
Special Issue
II/2015 NAGAARA SPECIAL ISSUE Sikh Warriors in the Great War The Third Annual Conference on the Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, jointly hosted by the Chardi Kalaa Foundation and the San Jose Gurdwara, took place on 13 September 2014 at San Jose in California, USA. One of the largest and arguably most beautiful gurdwaras in North America, the Gurdwara Sahib at San Jose was founded in San Jose, California, USA in 1985 by members of the then-rapidly growing Sikh community in the Santa Clara Valley EEditorialEditorial Sikh Warriors in the Great War he ferocious battles during the Anglo-Sikh First Indian combat troops of the 3rd (Lahore) Wars of 1845-46 and 1848-49 defined for Division sailed from Karachi and Bombay westwards, T all time, if indeed this was ever necessary, these being vanguard of the million more who the indomitable fighting prowess and spirit of the were to follow. Instead of Egypt, however, the Sikh warrior. During the ensuing occupation of Indian Expeditionary Force were diverted to France the Punjab by the expanding colonists, the Khalsa where the British Expeditionary Force (the "Old soldiery was sought to be disbanded and indeed the Contemptibles") were shattered and exhausted after process had begun when the British administration two months of bitter fighting against the German were confronted by the stark reality of policing and Army's overwhelming numbers. The situation was defending the turbulent northwest frontier region perilous and but for the Indian Army, the German with Afghanistan. Kaiser’s grand plan to smash the French and British armies, secure the Channel ports and declare victory Thus, without much ado but certainly some by Christmas 1914, would well have been realised. -
Masterly Inactivity’: Lord Lawrence, Britain and Afghanistan, 1864-1879
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ ‘Masterly inactivity’: Lord Lawrence, Britain and Afghanistan, 1864-1879 Wallace, Christopher Julian Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 1 ‘Masterly inactivity’: Lord Lawrence, Britain and Afghanistan, 1864-1879 Christopher Wallace PhD History June 2014 2 Abstract This dissertation examines British policy in Afghanistan between 1864 and 1879, with particular emphasis on Sir John Lawrence’s term as governor-general and viceroy of India (1864-69). -
The Indian Frontier War, Being an Account of the Mohmund and Tirah
THE INDIAN FRONTIER WAR 1897 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE INDIAN FRONTIER WAR THE INDIAN FRONTIER WAR BEING AN ACCOUNT OF THE MOHMUND AND TIRAH EXPEDITIONS 1897 BY LIONEL JAMES REUTER'S SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT WITH THIRTY-ONE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM SKETCHES BY THE AUTHOR AND PHOTOGRAPHS. AND TEN MAPS AND PLANS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN 1898 THE AUTHOR DEDICATES THIS VOLUME TO MR. J. O'B. SAUNDERS PROPRIETOR OF "THE ENGLISHMAN" CALCUTTA AS A SMALL RETURN FOR THE GREAT KINDNESS HE HAS SHOWN HIM 3015657 PREFACE FROM the way the public Press has called for ex- planation upon certain points connected with the campaign, it has appeared to me that the public barely appreciate what was asked of their army when it was sent to invade Afridi and Orakzai Tirah. Having been present at the Campaign, I would that my readers should start from as fair a standpoint as possible, for I feel sure that, after really grasping the circumstances of the campaign, they will appre- ciate the reasons why I have abstained from criticism. Be it understood that casualties must occur, and in a mountainous country like the Afridi the casualties must be in proportion to the efficiency of the trans- port. The Government of India chose to equip the force with an inefficient transport, and the General Officers could only do their best with what was served out to them. Those who have no knowledge of frontier warfare can form but the faintest conception of the adverse conditions under which the campaign took place, and it would be well for the public in general to refrain from forming any judgment on the matter till the whole question has been properly threshed viii PREFACE out. -
Distribution of Mesopotamia Expeditionary Corps, 21 January 1917
Distribution of Mesopotamia Expeditionary Corps 21 January 1917 Cavarly Division: 6th Cavalry Brigade: 14th Hussars 21st Cavalry 22nd Cavalry 6th Machine Gun Squadron 6th Cavalry Brigade Supply & Transport Company 7th Cavalry Brigade: 13th Hussars 13th Lancers 14th Lancers 7th Machine Gun Squadron 7th Cavalry Brigade Supply & Transport Company Division Troops: "S" Battery RHA (6 guns) "V" Battery, RHA (6 guns) Cavalry Divisional Ammunition Column Field Troop, 2nd Sappers & Miners Field Troop, RE Signal Troop (provisional) "A" Troop, 1st Wireless Signal Squadron Cavalry Division Supply Column No. 119 Combined Cavalry Field Ambulance No. 131 Indian Combined Cavalry Field Ambulance No. 4 Mobile Veterinary Section 1st Indian Army Corps: 3rd (Lahore) Division: 7th Infantry Brigade: 1/Connaught Rangers 27th Punjabis 91st Punjabis 2/7th Gurkhas No. 131 Machine Gun Company 7th Brigade Supply & Transport Company 8th Infantry Brigade: 1/Manchester Regiment 47th Sikhs 59th Rifles 2/119th Infantry No. 132nd Machine Gun Company 8th Brigade Supply & Transport Company 9th Infantry Brigade: 2nd Dorsetshire Regiment 93rd Burma Infantry 105th Mahrattas 1/1st Gurkhas No. 133 Machine Gun Company 9th Brigade Supply & Transport Company Artillery: Headquarters Divisional Artillery 1 4th Brigade, RFA 7th Battery (6 guns) 14th Battery (6 guns) 66th Battery (6 guns) 1 ammunition column detached 215th Brigade, RFA: "B" Battery (4 guns) "C" Battery (4 guns) Attached 524th (Howitzer) Battery (4 howitzers) B/69th (Howitzer) Battery (4 howitzers) 3 small arm ammunition sections Engineers: HQ Divisional Engineers 34th Sikh Pioneers 18th Field Company, Sappers & Miners 20th Field Company, Sappers & Miners 22nd Field Company, Sappers & Miners Divisional Troops: 3rd Divisional Signals Company 3rd Divisional Troops Supply and Trnapsort Company 3rd Division Supply Column No. -
4Tli Butin., the Madras Regt. (W.L.I.) MTAEKIERED
THE MADKAS SOIDUE OF 1946—JKMADAK PAKIANATHAN, M.M. 4tli Butin., The Madras Regt. (W.L.I.) MTAEKIERED PRfTHIA'S-.ADAMS The Madras Soldier 1746-1946 By LT.-COL. E. G. PHYTHIAN-ADAMS, O.B.E. Late Madras Regiment and Civil Liaison Officer Madras Presidency and South Indian States 1940—45 • With a ForeMord by SIR CLAUDE AUCHINLECK G.C.B., G.O.I.E., C.S.I., D.S.O., O.B.E,, A.D.C. Commander-in-Chief in India ^"^ ^ \ Printed by the Superintendent Government Press Madras 1948 PRICE, RS. 4-2-0 \rtti-tf \t-T First Published in 1943 Also translated into Tamil Telugu and Malayalam Revised and enlarged edition 1947 ^^7"^- DEDICATED TO THE PEOPLES OF SOUTH INDIA IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF FORTY-THREE YEARS HAPPY ASSOCIATION 111 FOREWORD I am very glad that Colonel Phytliian-Adams, himself an old soldier of the Madras Army, has written this 'book about the Madras Soldier. When I myself first joined the Indian Army in 1904, the battalion to which I was posted, the 62nd Punjabis, had very recently been raised as. a brand new Punjabi unit on the ashes of the old 2nd Madras Infantry which had an unbroken record of service in many wars from 1759. Lord Kitchener, the Commander-in-Chief at that time, repeated this process with many battalions of the old Madras Line, as he thought they were no longer worth a place in the modern Army of India. There is no doubt that he had some justification for this opinion. But the fault wa_s not that of the Madras soldier. -
Under Ten Viceroys : the Reminiscences of a Gurkha
General Bruce disguised as a native clerk. UNDER TEN V I C E R O Y &- THE REMINISCENCES OF A GURKHA. BY MAJOR-GENERAL NIGEL WOODYATT, C.B., CLE. COLONEL 7th GURKHAS WITH i6 ILLUSTRATIONS 541.64 5^vr^^ HERBERT JENKINS LIMITED 3 YORK STREET ST. JAMES'S LONDON S.W.I. ^ MCMXXII TO MY WIFE WHO, WITH HER BRIGHT COMPANIONSHIP, HAS EVER BEEN LODESTAR OF MY LIFE AND WHOSE LOYAL AND THE ; LOVING HEART, IN ALL THINGS GREAT AND SMALL, HAS REJOICED IN MY SUCCESSES, CONSOLED IN MY SORROW AND SOLACED IN MY DISAPPOINTMENTS, I DEDICATE THIS BOOK CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Why I BECAME A Soldier . 13 II, The Call of India . 29 III. India in the Eighties 38 IV. The Dufferins at Simla . 49 V. Lord Dufferin and the Amir 56 VI. Lord Roberts . 63 VII. I join the Gurkhas . 79 VIII. Winston the Outspoken . 88 IX. Kitchener and Curzon 106 X. Kitchener as I knew Him 127 " XI. The Human Side of K." 147 XII. The Kingdom of Nepal 158 " " ' XIII. The Little Man . 171 XIV. Running a Durbar Camp . 189 XV. Sedition in India 203 XVI. Punishing the Bunerwals 217 XVII. A Stunt for the Viceroy, y 231 XVIII. The Third Afghan War . 243 XIX. Territorials in India 255 XX. Some Trials of a Commander 272 XXI. General Dyer and Amritsar 282 " " XXII. Indian Unrest and Birdie 295 Index .... 313 ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE General Bruce disguised as a Native Clerk Frontispiece The Author, when G.O.C. Lahore Division, and mounted " ON HIS Hunter-charger Warrior," Winner of Six First Prizes in the Ring, Winter of 1919-20 . -
Bhupinder Singh Holland
HOW EUROPE IS INDEBTED TO THE SIKHS ? BHUPINDER SINGH HOLLAND With an introduction by Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer SIKH UNIVERSITY PRESS How Europe is Indebted To The Sikhs ? By BHUPINDER SINGH HOLLAND ISBN 2-930247-12-6 FOR BIBI SURJIT KAUR (MYMOTHER) & S. NIRMAL SINGH (MY BROTHER) This book is dedicated to my mother who was a pious, religious, noble and humane lady; who was a dedicated Sikh and a role model for every Sikh; and my brother S. Nirmal Singh who laid his life valiantly fighting against armed robbers in Seattle (USA) and saved the lives of his son and a friend. He had learnt this Sikh tradition from Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib who had sacrificed his life so that others may enjoy freedom. Acknowledgement It occurred to me in April 1998 that the tercentenary celebrations of the formation of the Order of Khalsa should be held across Europe. It would be a great honor to witness such a momentous occassion during my life. The first century of the Khalsa passed under the Mugals as it struggled to establish the Khalsa Raj in northern India after defeating the Mugals and stopping and pushing invaders like Ahmed Shah Abdali to the other side of the Kheber Pass. Later, Maharaja Ranjit Singh managed to establish the Sikh kingdom from the river Satluj to the Indus. The second century was passed under the British, as the Punjab was annexed by them through false means after the Anglo-Sikh Wars, and Sikhs struggled to regain their lost sovereignity. It was my opinion that the best celebration would be to remember martyrs of the 20th century. -
Inter-War, Inter-Service Friction on the North-West Frontier of India and Its Impact on the Development and Application of Royal Air Force Doctrine
Inter-War, Inter-Service Friction on the North-West Frontier of India and its Impact on the Development and Application of Royal Air Force Doctrine By Andrew John Charles Walters A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham June 2017 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract ABSTRACT India’s North-West Frontier was the one area where the British Raj could suffer a knockout blow from either external Russian invasion or internal revolt. Frontier defence was amongst the greatest burdens during India’s inter-War financial austerity. Despite the RAF’s operational and financial efficacy in 1920s Iraq, air control was never implemented on the Frontier and air power’s potential was never fully exploited. Instead, aircraft were employed to enhance the Army’s traditional battlefield capabilities, resulting in efficient tactical co-ordination during the 1930s Waziristan campaign - the RAF’s most operationally-active pre-War theatre. To address why air power was constrained on the Frontier, this Thesis examines the inter-War relationship between the Armies in India and the RAF and its impact on the development and application of RAF doctrine. -
Story of the Guides
Conditions and Terms of Use Copyright © Heritage History 2010 Some rights reserved This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public DEDICATED domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may by special permission to therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty HIS MAJESTY KING EDWARD VII to the author. Colonel-in-chief The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, Queen's own corps of Guides however, are the property of Heritage History and are subject to certain restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity of the work, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that compromised versions of the work are not widely disseminated. PREFACE In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a copyright by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are The Author's grateful thanks are due to the many past included at the foot of every page of text. We require all electronic and printed versions of this text include these markings and that users adhere to and present officers of the Guides who have helped him in this the following restrictions. little book. And especially to General Sir Peter Lumsden and G.R. Elsmie, Esq., authors of Lumsden of the Guides; and to 1. You may reproduce this text for personal or educational purposes as the Memoirs of General Sir Henry Dermot Daly, written by his long as the copyright and Heritage History version are included. -
At the University of Edinburgh
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. BETWEEN SELF AND SOLDIER: INDIAN SIPAHIS AND THEIR TESTIMONY DURING THE TWO WORLD WARS By Gajendra Singh Thesis submitted to the School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History 2009 ! ! "! ! Abstract This project started as an attempt to understand rank-and-file resistance within the colonial Indian army. My reasons for doing so were quite simple. Colonial Indian soldiers were situated in the divide between the colonizers and the colonized. As a result, they rarely entered colonialist narratives written by and of the British officer or nationalist accounts of the colonial military. The writers of contemporary post-colonial histories have been content to maintain this lacuna, partly because colonial soldiers are seen as not sufficiently ‘subaltern’ to be the subjects of their studies. -
The Story of the Malakand Field Force, by Sir Winston S. Churchill
Ex Libris – www.ozebook.com THE STORY OF THE MALAKAND FIELD FORCE AN EPISODE OF FRONTIER WAR By Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, PC, DL, FRS, Hon. RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States. Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns. At the forefront of politics for fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of the Asquith Liberal government. During the war, he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign caused his departure from government.