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Contents Articles Volume 97, Number 5, September-October 1992 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Contents Articles The Characterization of a Piston Displacement-Type G. E. Mattingly 509 Flowmeter Calibration Facility and the Calibration and Use of Pulsed Output Type Flowmeters A General Waveguide Circuit Theory Roger B. Marks and 533 Dylan F. Williams Resistive Liquid-Vapor Surface Sensors for Liquid J. D. Siegwarth, R. 0. Voth, 563 Nitrogen and Hydrogen and S. M. Snyder Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics George D. Quinn, Jonathan 579 at Room Temperature Salem, Isa Bar-on, Kyu Cho, Michael Foley, and Ho Fang Errata Erratum: Optical Calibration of a Submicrometer Jon Geist, Barbara Belzer, 609 Magnification Standard Mary Lou Miller, and Peter Roitman ConferenceReports Data Administration Management Association Symposium Judith Newton 611 News Briefs GENERAL DEVELOPMENTS 615 Consortium to Develop Ceramic Machining Data Industry/NIST to Improve Advanced Polymer Systems Frequency Calibrations Using LORAN-C Explained Technology Centers Created for California, Minnesota 616 CRADA Partners to Study Concrete Failure During Fire Have You Heard? New Noise Standard Developed "Superconductivity Report" Now Available on VHS Two Views of Protein Puzzles Prove Better Than One Volume 97, Number 5, September-October 1992 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology New Biosensor Consortium Seeks Members 617 NIST/Industry to Study Cryptography Infrastructures Standards Needs on Diamond Films Cited Critical Technologies Dominate ATP Proposals Exploring Math and Manufacturing in the Classroom 618 Mobile Machinery Group Defines Standards Issues Proposals Sought for Precision Measurement Grants Security Training Compendium Available from NIST Fifteen Inventions Now Available for Licensing NIST and Auto Industry Cooperate on Welding Research 619 NIST to Lead Development of New IEEE Standard for Power-Frequency Field-Measuring Instruments NIST Scientist Shares Patent and R&D 100 Award on Diamond-Turning of Ferrous Metals Non-Methane Organic Compound Gas Standards Developed to 620 Support Atmospheric Measurements of Auto Emissions Carbonyl Sulfide Measured in Automotive Emissions Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Gold-Platinum Thermocouples: A New High-Stability, High-Accuracy Industrial Transfer Standard Dark-State Vibrational Quasi-Continuum Probed with Molecular 621 "Searchlight" Technique Magnetism in Nanometer-Sized Iron Particles Third Industry Workshop Identifies Challenges for Improved Polymer Composite Processing Pulsed Laser Deposition of Nanocomposite Thin Films 622 Gas-Coupled Acoustic Microscope High-Resolution Experimental Mechanics by E-Beam Moir6 Non-Intrusive Technique Developed for Surface Cooling Studies NIST Develops Fingerprint Classification System for the 623 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Raster Graphics Validation Program Developed Hardware Description Language Approved as FIPS Validated Products List Expanded Guidance on Computer Security Training Published 77th National Conference on Weights and Measures Meets in Nashville 624 NIST Transfers Measurement Expertise to Power Electronics Industry NIST Assists Industry with Measurements of Media and Heads for High-Density Magnetic Recording NIST Helps Assure Lottery Fairness 625 Robot Chauffeur Rate of Key Physiological Reaction Determined NIST Participates in X-Ray Beamline Development at the Advanced Photon Source Volume 97, Number 5, September-October 1992 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Subpicosecond Probes of Laser Surface Heating 626 Using Lasers to Confine Atoms on a Lattice of Light Broadband Picosecond Infrared Spectroscopyof Solution-Phase Photochemistry NIST/NPL Intercomparison of Radiance Temperature Scales 627 NIST Strongly Represented at Solid State Dosimetry Conference Anomalies in Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry Measurements Explained NIST Develops Transport Standards for Phase Noise Measurement Systems 628 Synchronization Interface Standards for Telecommunications Networks Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect in Iron-Doped Garnet Materials Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Nanostructured Ceramics 629 NIST Recommends Moisture Control Measures for Manufactured Housing NIST and Taiwan Collaborate on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Routing Protocols Spatial Data Transfer Standard Approved as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) New Publication Focuses on Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) 630 Catalog of Code Sets Updated Mainframe Computer Tapes Subject of New Publication STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS 630 Accurate DNA Fingerprints Assured by New SRM Standard Reference Material 1842, X-Ray Stage Calibration Board Standard Reference Material 676, Alumina Internal Standard for 631 Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Powder Diffraction Standard Reference Material 659, Particle Size Distribution Standard for Sedigraph Calibration Standard Reference Material 2579-Lead Paint Film on Mylar Sheet for Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers STANDARD REFERENCE DATA 631 Chemical Kinetics PC Database Expanded PC Database Available on Transient Molecules 632 Calendar 633 Volume 97, Number 5, September-October 1992 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology [J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 97, 509 (1992)] The Characterizationof a Piston Displacement-TypeFlowmeter Calibration Facility and the Calibrationand Use of Pulsed Output Type Flowmeters Volume 97 Number 5 September-October 1992 G. E. Mattingly Critical measurement performance of flowmeter to make a measurement are fluid flowmeters requires proper and described and the pertinent equations National Institute of Standards quantified verification data. These data are given for an encoded-stroke, piston should be generated using calibration displacement-type calibrator and a and Technology, and traceability techniques established pulsed output flowmeter. It is con- Gaithersburg, MD 20899 for these verification purposes. In these cluded that, given these equations and calibration techniques, the calibration proper instrumentation of this type of facility should be well-characterized and calibrator, very high levels of perfor- its components and performance prop- mance can be attained and, in turn, erly traced to pertinent higher stan- these can be used to achieve high fluid dards. The use of this calibrator to flow rate measurement accuracy with calibrate flowmeters should be appropri- pulsed output flowmeters. ately established and the manner in which the calibrated flowmeter is used should be specified in accord with the Key words: flow measurement; fluidp conditions of the calibration. meter characterization; meter perfor- These three steps: 1) characterizing mance; output flowmeter; turbine the calibration facility itself, 2) using the flowmeter; volumetric calibrator. characterized facility to calibrate a flowmeter, and 3) using the calibrated Accepted: June 29, 1992 Contents Glossary. 510 3.1 Reference Conditions ............... 518 1. Introduction ............................ 512 3.2 Non-Reference Conditions .......... 521 2. Calibrator Characterization ....... ....... 513 4. Using a Turbine-Type Flowmeter 2.1 Geometrical Determination at to Make a Measurement ................ 522 Reference Conditions............... 513 4.1 Reference Conditions ............... 522 2.2 Geometrical Determination at 4.2 Non-Reference Conditions .......... 523 Non-Reference Conditions ...... .... 514 5. Discussion . .................. 523 2.3 Determination of Calibrator Constant 6. Conclusions . .................. 525 by the Draw Technique in Reference 7. Appendix A. Cross-Sectional Area Conditions ......................... 515 Changes in the Cylinder of 2.4 Determination of Calibrator Constant the Calibrator ....... ...... 526 by the Draw Technique in 8. Appendix B. Turbine Meter Data Non-Reference Conditions ...... .... 516 Processing................. 527 3. Calibrator Use in Calibrating a 9. Appendix C. Equations Summary ........ 529 Turbine-Type Flowmeter ........ ........ 518 10. References .............................531 509 Volume 97, Number 5, September-October 1992 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Glossary Symbol Description Dimensions Symbol Description mensions EF Modulus of elasticity of F/IV Aco,Ac Calibrator cross-sectional LV the fluid at pertinent areas at reference and conditions. non-reference conditions, EM Modulus of elasticity of F/IV respectively. Over-bars, where the material of the body used, denote averages over of the flowmeter at piston stroke length. pertinent conditions. AtoA, Cross-sectional areas of I] ET Modulus of elasticity of F/IV tubes connected to the material of the tube calibrator piston at connected to the reference and non- calibrator piston at reference conditions, pertinent conditions. respectively. fEO,fE Frequency of pulses from pulses/t Co, C Circumference of cylindri- L encoder at reference and cal body in unstressed and non-reference conditions, stressed conditions, respectively. respectively. do,d Diameter of rod connected L fMo,fM Frequencies of pulses pulses/t to calibrator piston at from the flowmeter at reference and non-reference reference and non- conditions, respectively. reference conditions respectively. Do, D Inner diameter of calibrator L cylinder at reference and KEo,KE Encoder constant at pulses/L non-reference conditions, reference and non- respectively. reference conditions,
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