Annex

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 467 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 N. S. Mladenov, ’s Rise to Power in the Global Order, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66452-7 468 ANNEX

CHINA DREAM GRAND STRATEGY

1. Near-term strategic goal—2021 Moderate prosperous Chinese society 2. Intermediate strategic goal—2035 Modern Chinese society and army 3. Long-term strategic goal—2049 Wealthy and strong PR of China

IDEOLOGICAL/IDEATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY/SECURITY PILLAR PILLAR: (IR & FP) Leadership of the CCP – Centrality of the UN & UNSC, new just, –Marxism-Leninism equitable and fair international order, not – Mao Zedong Thought “global order”; “no hegemony; no alliance; no – 1978 Theory/Four expansion” Cardinal Principles, Ideology of the – 5 Principles of peaceful coexistence Reform and Opening Up with Chinese – New Type of Major Countries Relations characteristics – Peaceful rise/Soft power in IR & FP – The Theory, (Jiang – Economic and financial security centrality Zeming, 2000), enlarging the social base of G-20 with assistance from IMF, WTO, and of the CCP WB: no protectionism and currency wars – Scientific Development Theory (Hu – Periphery Policy (2013): FAWC (2014) Jintao, 2007), Harmonious socialist – 2015/2019 new Military Strategy, 4 crucial society and social welfare security domains: ocean; outer space, cyber – Rule of law with “ China characteristics” space, and nuclear forces, reform of the PLA – China-Dream—and China model—first – SCO, BRICS, CICA—new Asian Security ever, that seeks to successfully combine Concept, “Community of common interests or both socialism and capitalism (2012) a community of common future”, beyond old – “Four Comprehensives”, Xi, 2015 mentality of Power Politics – “Xi Thought … in the New Era”, 2017 – 2017 White Paper on Asian security

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PILLAR – Second phase of transformative reforms –13th FYP (2016-2020)—“new normal” 6.5% annual growth and new high-value supply economy model, more reforms and more opening up; October 2020 “” economic strategy – Advancement of social productive forces; scientific and sustainable development – OBOR/BRI—Pivot to the West: Eurasia, Southwest Asia, Europe, Latin America and Africa – AIIB, , BRICS’ New Development Bank, signing of RCEP, ARF and APEC, Free Trade Area of Asia-Pacific, and most importantly—fast/sustainable COVID-19 recovery Index

A Asia-Pacific, 29, 30, 92, 93, 112, Abe, Shinzo, 295, 346, 426 117, 121–123, 147, 148, 151, 156, 163–166, 200, 203, 223, Afghan war, 91, 222, 351 227, 230, 246, 264, 275, 276, Albright, Madeleine, 68 337, 338, 340, 344, 347, 348, ‘America First’, 20, 81, 93, 96, 126, 354, 402, 403, 455, 456, 460 215, 217, 218, 223, 226, 228, Indo-Pacific, 227, 230–234, 265, 294, 354, 360, 402, 424, 250–255, 257, 269, 305, 306, 437 309, 405 Anti-Ballistic-Missile Treaty (ABM), Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 222, 377 (AIIB), 14, 15, 24, 30, 56, 154, Art, Robert J., 88, 89, 198 168, 169, 200, 203, 225, 276, ASEAN, 34, 118, 157, 165, 167, 283, 288, 296, 298, 300, 318, 168, 251, 254, 255, 272, 276, 328, 337, 340, 342–344, 347, 305, 315, 325, 338, 339, 342, 352, 354, 373, 393, 394, 421, 346, 348, 350–352, 354, 377, 429, 462 379, 398, 416, 455–457, 460 ADB, 169, 341–343 Asia, 15, 32, 38, 47, 52, 56, 76, Alibaba, 207 78, 93, 145, 146, 153, 154, Atlantic Council, 257 168, 169, 190, 209, 224, 267, Australia, 2, 7, 11, 105, 110, 166, 310–316, 325, 327, 330, 342, 168, 230, 231, 243, 246, 247, 343, 345, 352, 360, 372, 373, 251, 254, 270, 305, 341, 376, 386, 419–421, 423, 426, 438, 377, 388, 402, 403, 415, 425, 439, 448, 456 429, 438, 455

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 469 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 N. S. Mladenov, China’s Rise to Power in the Global Order, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66452-7 470 INDEX

B Brazil, 7, 43, 283, 296, 297, 303, Bader, Jeffrey, 30 350, 359, 386, 388 balance of power, 36, 37, 49, 76, Bremmer, Ian, x 127, 146, 163, 209, 225, 236, Bretton Woods, 13, 15, 63, 78, 364, 258, 269, 274, 278, 287, 349, 380, 382, 437 354, 427, 438, 439, 455 BRICS, 7, 14, 15, 24, 30, 42, 225, Bannon, Steve, 20, 366, 373 276, 277, 296–305, 307, 318, Barr, William, 224, 241–243, 365 321, 337, 341, 344, 349, 354, Beckley, Michael, 33 394, 421, 429, 431, 439, 454, Beijing 457 economy, 8, 19, 109, 118, 144, British Empire, 5, 68, 70–72, 75, 76, 215, 261, 334, 348, 366, 399, 78, 99, 136, 196, 408, 430, 440, 411, 455 441 OBOR/BRI, 15, 154, 165, 344, Brookings Institution, 146 354, 394 Brooks, Stephen, 79, 80, 84, 198, RCEP, 30, 168, 223, 339, 455, 199 456 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 215–218, 361, Trump and, 7–9, 11, 32, 42, 140, 421 161, 166, 212, 213, 217, 280, Bull, Hedley, 61 305, 307, 334, 378, 395, 403, Bush, George H.W., 89, 90 419, 435, 445, 451, 452, 459 Bush, George W., 25, 44, 81, 88, (BRI), 14, 90–92, 94, 118–120, 214, 222, 15, 24, 30, 56, 142, 154, 164– 223, 228, 229, 350, 433 169, 191, 200, 203, 225, 269, Buzan, Barry, 47, 48, 66–68, 138, 276, 283, 284, 288, 295, 300, 159, 189, 192, 196, 199, 261 305–310, 318, 319, 330, 332, 333, 337, 340, 344–348, 352, C 354, 367, 373, 377, 393–396, CARES Act, 5, 294 398, 410, 421, 429, 432, 448, Carr, E.H., 38 460, 462 CATO Institute, 425 Bernanke, Ben, 4 Center for New American Security Biden, Joe, president-elect, 21, 24, (CNAS), 144 43, 47, 81, 96, 139, 245, Center for Strategic and International 250, 322, 340, 355, 372, 397, Studies (CSIS), 225, 241, 365 401, 416, 431, 434–436, 438, CICIR, 263, 352 440, 443–449, 452–454, 456, Cui Liru, 263 459–461, 463, 464 Central Asia, 70, 256, 268, 306, 330, bipartisan policy, 450 344, 345 Blackwill, Robert, 149, 180, 181, 219 CICA, 311 blowback, xii, 362 SCO, 164, 165, 308, 439 BREXIT, xii, 282, 362 CFIUS, 237 Bo Zhiyue, 126–128, 132 Cheney, Dick, 81, 430 INDEX 471

China Chinese nationalism, 101, 102, 158, and COVID-19, 1–3, 5–8, 15, 462 17–19, 21, 44, 50, 56, 77, Clinton, Bill, 44, 91, 94, 147, 222, 158, 204–210, 212–214, 239, 224, 228 247, 259, 264, 272, 273, 276, liberal hegemony, 86 280, 282, 291–294, 304, 308, Clinton, Hillary, 51, 68, 147, 216, 335, 336, 340, 343, 348, 354, 259, 443, 444 364, 368, 371–373, 381, 382, and Pivot to Asia, 32, 230, 352 388, 389, 391, 396, 405–408, Cold War 2.0, 1, 6, 20, 24, 33, 52, 410, 411, 418, 423, 435, 443, 94, 241, 269, 276, 295, 332, 452, 454, 457, 461 335, 347, 354, 368, 371, 373, 375, 379, 381, 389, 395, 397, coronavirus, 3, 8, 19, 20, 29, 86, 404, 406, 407, 410, 413, 414, 98, 126, 139, 204, 205, 207, 436, 461 209–213, 249, 269, 274, 280, Colgan, Jeff.D., 40 294, 304, 346, 371, 379, 389, Committee on the Present Danger, 396, 399 and China (CPDC), 239, 366 China Dream, 13, 18, 23, 32, 63, Congress, U.S., 96, 111, 236, 252, 66, 77, 102, 126, 138, 156, 269, 444 164, 170, 173, 175, 184, 186, ‘core national interests’, 13, 16, 17, 191–194, 197, 198, 200–204, 60, 121, 122, 130, 131, 145, 206–209, 211, 213, 214, 241, 156, 170, 201, 354, 431 262, 278, 283, 314, 361, 392, Cox, Michael, 66, 67, 138, 196, 199 413, 432, 452, 453, 459 China rise, 22, 23, 96, 98, 102, 112, 116, 122, 354, 461 D Defense Planning Guidance (DPG), ‘China threat theory’, 90, 118, 123, 90 130, 354 Defense spending, 158, 160, 257, 460 Chinese Academy for Social Sciences budgets, 158, 160, 257, 269 (CASC), 135 Defense strategy (National), 47, 90, (CCP), 9, 225, 229, 233, 318, 370, 404, 10, 14, 20, 23, 43, 103, 105, 418, 439, 443, 451 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, democracy, 18, 39–41, 44, 48, 49, 128, 129, 131–133, 135, 136, 53, 60, 78, 79, 85, 88, 91, 94, 138, 140, 142, 155, 157, 163, 126, 132, 147, 172, 188, 231, 168, 170–176, 178–180, 185, 269, 270, 276, 277, 285, 292, 187–189, 194, 201, 202, 204, 372, 394, 436, 446, 452 208, 211, 220, 224, 225, 232, global decline, 407 240, 241, 244, 254, 268, 280, unipolar moment, 84 354, 365–373, 380, 408, 413, Democratic Peace Theory, 41 414, 420, 426, 432, 435, 440, Deng Xiaoping, 12, 14, 15, 23–25, 441, 452, 462 34, 36, 56, 77, 102, 104, 105, 472 INDEX

108–112, 114, 116, 122, 127, EEU, 42, 272, 308–310, 319, 421 128, 134, 141, 142, 160, 171, Esper, Mark, 230, 243, 268, 273, 186, 193–196, 283, 401, 428, 365, 451 430–433 European Central Bank (ECB), 3, Department of Defense, 450 235, 388 Depression, 5, 96, 222, 235, 363, EBRD, 256, 341, 343 413, 419 European Commission (EC), 20, 292, Davos, 382 327, 330, 333, 335, 336 Great, 3–5, 145, 203, 383, 384, European Council (CE), 20, 191, 389, 391, 407–409, 423, 428 273, 292, 322, 323, 325, 327, Mega, 1, 6, 24, 52, 139, 354, 368, 329–331, 334, 335 381, 389, 406, 416, 464 European Parliament (EP), 20, 323, “Dual Circulation”, 431 336 paradigm, 15, 17, 139, 194, 370, European Union (EU), xi, xii, 2, 5, 456, 458, 462 7, 8, 11, 19, 20, 34, 74, 95, strategy, 15, 209, 370, 454–456, 160, 168, 188, 231, 238, 244, 458 266, 267, 271–274, 293, 298, 322–337, 340, 348, 350, 351, 354, 361, 375–377, 379, 388, E 398, 416–419, 424, 425, 430, Earle, Edward Meade, 149, 197 435, 456, 459–462 East China Sea, 15, 32, 160 European Union Global Strategy Economy, 3, 4, 6, 12, 14, 16, 18, (EUGS), 20, 323–328, 418 19, 49, 50, 55, 56, 66, 72, 87, Export-Import Bank (EXIM), 252, 97, 98, 104, 109, 116, 118, 342 119, 138, 143, 144, 159, 166, 168, 169, 171, 177, 181, 187, 195, 196, 198–201, 203, 207, 208, 215, 226, 231, 233, 235, F 239, 240, 242, 249, 250, 252, Federal Reserve (The Fed), 4, 73 254, 257, 261, 269, 271, 275, Ferguson, Niaal, 69, 201, 202, 362, 282–284, 286, 291–293, 296, 368 304, 308–310, 312, 316, 334, Financial Times, 50, 85, 181, 332, 336, 342, 343, 348, 359, 360, 407, 429 363, 364, 366, 374–376, 383, Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 384, 389, 392–395, 397–399, (FPPC), 34, 113, 162, 301 402, 405–414, 417, 419, 421, Five Year Plan (FYP), 109, 128, 424, 426, 428, 431, 433–435, 136–141, 181, 283, 454, 458 437, 438, 447, 449, 453–456, Foreign Affairs, 21, 26, 40, 121, 143, 458 223 Great Recession, 1, 181, 292, 417 Foreign Affairs Working Conference Trump and, 8, 139, 334, 419, 437 (FAWC), 49, 154, 155, 163, Energy security, 136, 245, 253, 398 259, 427 INDEX 473 foreign direct investments (FDI), 116, 414, 417, 424, 428–431, 435, 123, 138, 166, 196, 231, 237, 438, 441, 455, 458 251, 306, 347, 387, 397, 411, G-7, 7, 8, 120, 168, 212, 267, 281, 426, 462 289, 294, 304, 332, 394, 438 GDP, 72 G-20, 1–3, 18, 19, 24, 30, 42, 119, Foreign Policy, 21, 47, 68, 74, 84, 99, 146, 165, 168, 199, 200, 249, 107, 145, 147, 267, 294, 369, 276, 277, 280–296, 299, 302, 425, 442 304, 318, 354, 382, 386–388, China, 27, 45, 57, 61, 129, 131, 393–395, 416, 421, 439, 454, 152, 209, 283, 348 457, 458, 461 EU, 272, 323, 326, 327 Globalization 2.0, 19, 225, 284, Russia, 272 289, 373, 380, 392, 394, 435 U.S., 10, 69, 71, 82, 87, 198, 218, , 122, 168, 211, 240, 248, 263 326 Four Cardinal Principles, 129, 171 Goldman, David, 243, 375, 453 France, Macron, Emmanuel, 19, 267, Goldstone, Jack A., 357–361, 428 274, 291, 333 Gopinath, Gita, 383 Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific Gorbachev, Mihail, 114 (FTAAP), 338, 339, 433, 454 ‘Glasnost and Perestroika’, 115 Friedberg, Aaron, 30, 219 Grand Strategy, China Dream and Fukuyama, Francis, 45, 51, 76, 85, of U.S., 18, 23, 149, 160, 186, 163, 222 200, 223, 380 Fuqiang (wealthy and powerful), 101, Great power competition, 1, 5, 6, 10, 114, 153, 194, 276 24, 128, 161, 185, 213, 230, Fu Ying, 263, 265, 272, 275 231, 244, 267, 268, 273, 275, 318, 321, 335, 347, 364, 366, 367, 369, 370, 372, 388, 402, 403, 405, 410, 413, 416, 429, G 437, 439, 451, 465 Gaddis, John Lewis, 197 great powers, 6, 29, 98, 214, 236, Gallagher, Michael, 368 275 General Assembly (UN), 107, 311, Great War, 66, 73, 76, 79, 81, 159, 365 196, 430, 437 Georgieva, Kristalina, 293, 382, 383 Glaziev, Sergei, 422, 423 global debt, 235, 383, 428 H global crisis, 17, 97, 121, 392, 394, Haass, Richard, 84, 85, 94, 229, 407, 408, 422 359–361, 408, 428 Globalization, 15, 90, 91, 115, 118, Foreign Policy Begins at Home, 84 129, 163, 208, 222, 270, 275, Helsinki 1975, 266, 406 276, 279, 282, 283, 291, 310, Higley, John, 124, 125 316, 338, 339, 344, 345, 360, Hong Kong security law, 7, 8, 336, 361, 364, 393–399, 411, 412, 392, 425 474 INDEX

Huawei, 12, 207, 242–244, 269, 272 Kissinger, Henry, 31, 71, 106, 196, 5G, 243, 258, 268, 306, 319, 332, 361, 362, 368, 399–401, 421, 334, 335, 365 449 ZTE, 15, 243, 244, 415 Kitay, Stephen, 379 , 28, 60, 117, 118, 122, Krauthammer, Charles, 51, 76, 86, 132, 133, 155, 156, 171, 172 222 Kupchan, Charles A., 52–54, 56, 66–69, 71, 82, 86, 87 I Ikenberry, G. John, 42, 52, 79, 198, 199 L IMF, 2–4, 6, 13, 15, 42, 49, 78, 116, Lagarde, Christine, 296, 382 169, 200, 201, 203, 235, 256, Lampton, David, 193 282, 284, 292, 293, 296, 298, Lavrov, Serghei, 272, 305, 307, 318, 299, 302, 304, 340, 344, 364, 422 382–384, 394, 428, 433, 453, Leyen, Ursula von der, 292, 330, 335, 454 336 OECD, 458 Lighthizer, Robert, 11 WBG, 2, 291, 294, 458 Luce, Henry, 74 India, PM Modi, 291, 297, 340 International Labor Organization (ILO), 6, 458 M Ischinger, Wofgang, 269 Maas, Heiko, 8, 425 Mao Zedong, 102, 105, 108, 111, 127, 134, 171, 193, 432 J Marshall Plan, 15, 168, 196, 224, , 25, 117, 132, 171 363, 429 Mead, Walter Russell, 68, 71, 76, 210, 211 K Mearsheimer, John, 32, 34, 36–39, Kagan, Robert, 84 66, 67, 75, 79, 80, 82, 86, 94, Katzenstein, Peter, 69 95, 116, 194, 198 ‘Keep a low profile’ (KLP), 8, 14, Merkel, Angela, 19, 273, 274, 294, 23–25, 28, 29, 50, 56, 57, 59, 333, 461 108, 116, 117, 122, 123, 141, Michel, Charles, 292, 335 152, 193, 195, 200, 259, 260, Mogherini, Federica, 323, 325–328, 352, 364, 392 330–332 Kennedy, Paul, 70, 85 Monroe, James, 3, 32, 68 Keohane, Robert O., 40, 41, 260 Morgenthau, Hans J., 34, 35, 59 Khalilzad, Zalmay, 76 Munich Security Conference (MSC), Kindleberger, Charles, 363, 392 260, 263–265, 267, 269–275, Kirshner, Jonathan, 36–39 318, 365, 391 INDEX 475

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), P 76, 225, 353, 374 Paris Agreement, 288, 291, 302, 330 Paulson, Hank, 120, 375 Pence, Mike, 224, 232, 241, 244, N 365, 368, 370 National Security Strategy (NSS), People Liberation Army (PLA), 16, U.S., 27, 81, 88, 90, 147, 151, 157, 158, 160, 163, 179, 193, 158, 188, 214, 225, 226 232, 268, 367, 451 NATO, 168, 218, 222, 257, 265, ‘Phase One’ deal, 214, 238, 240 267, 269, 274, 324, 326, 341, Policy Planning Staff at the SD, 224, 342, 354, 361, 362, 375, 422, 229 429, 437, 445, 446, 448, 449, Pompeo, Mike, 8, 10, 12, 212, 221, 460 243, 265, 268, 273, 365, 373, NATO-2030, 257, 258, 270, 459 380 Navarro, Peter, 280, 373 Power transition, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, New Development Bank (NDB), 14, 28, 29, 42, 51, 66, 67, 70, 75, 15, 296, 298–300, 302, 304, 77, 131–133, 136, 186, 187, 337, 341, 344, 393, 394, 429 202, 354, 418, 430, 432, 440, New START, 378, 379, 420, 446, 442 448 and theory, 16, 17 New Type of Major Country Principled Realism, 9, 43, 96, 219, Relations, 29, 117 227, 367, 370 Nixon, Richard, 12, 106, 107, 111, Putin, Vladimir, 7, 153, 165, 222, 195, 364, 429 249, 273, 292, 304, 310, 311, North Korea, 139, 147, 227, 232, 317–321, 362, 379, 391, 421, 318, 361, 402, 404, 418, 428, 422 448 ‘quasi alliance’, 321 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), 90, 161, 378, 463 Q Nye, Joseph S., 41, 148, 363, 435, Qin Yaqing, 29, 34, 35, 48, 50, 438 57–59, 61, 170, 197, 199, 399, 401

O Obama, Barack, 30, 32, 34, 51, 90, R 92, 93, 120, 126, 144–147, 150, Republic of Korea (ROK), 2, 7, 251, 152, 166, 214, 223, 224, 226, 252, 254, 339, 398, 403, 423, 228, 256, 263, 264, 288, 340, 455 350, 351, 378, 433, 444 ‘Responsible stakeholder’, 14, 24, O’Brien, Robert, 377, 408 26–28, 92, 120, 123, 145, 433 O’Hanlon, Michael, 31, 146 revisionist powers, 62, 161, 227, 232, Olney, Richard, 72 251 476 INDEX

Rickards, James, 409, 410 118, 145, 159, 175, 186, 223, Roach, Stephen S., 124, 282 251, 254, 339, 373, 403, 449, Roubini, Nouriel, 408, 426 463, 464 Taplin, Nathaniel, 413 Tellis, Ashley J., 149, 189, 190 S THAAD, 150, 318, 403, 420 Schell, Orville, 101, 107 Tillerson, Rex, 225 Schwab, Klaus, 40 Shambaugh, David, 99, 238, 397 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Shanahan, Patrick M., 230, 231 Partnership (TTIP), 74, 324, Shangri-la-Dialogue, 154 394, 419, 446 Singh, Rajnath, 305 Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), 151, Social Identity Theory (SIT), 24, 25, 164, 166, 217, 223, 337, 339, 50, 51, 62, 202 393, 394, 403, 419, 433, 434, Soviet bloc, 29, 374 446 State Council of PRC, 121 Treaty on Open Skies, 378 Stead, William T., 73 Trump, Donald, 7–12, 19–21, 24, Steinberg, James, 31, 144, 145 42, 43, 80, 89, 90, 93, 96, 126, Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 265–268, 139, 152, 160, 161, 166, 197, 273, 274 199, 209, 211–213, 215–220, stimulus 2020 223–230, 232, 236–239, 241, China, 2, 146, 209, 383 245, 248–252, 254, 256, 257, Europe, 3, 5 259, 265, 267, 269, 273, 280, Russia, 386 291, 294, 304–306, 318, 321, U.S., 2, 5, 119, 383 329, 334, 351, 354, 357–365, Strategic partnerships, 16, 24, 75, 367, 368, 370, 372–375, 378, 113, 118, 144, 271, 276, 306, 393, 401–404, 418–420, 424, 317, 318, 320, 322, 329, 336, 425, 430, 434, 437, 439, 440, 338, 340, 349–354, 375, 394, 443–450, 452, 456, 459–461, 422, 431 463 Strive for achievement (SFA), 14, 17, 23, 25, 29, 56–59, 65, 119, 152, 259, 277, 315, 352 Suez crisis, 75, 196 U Swaine, Michael, 31, 49, 130, 156, Ukraine, 215, 228, 264, 318, 321, 189, 190, 260, 261, 277 362, 428 Syria, 84, 85, 264, 273, 318, 321, 362, 404, 418, 428 UNCTAD, 382, 386, 387 U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 84, 233 USSR, 13, 14, 16, 22, 76, 91, 106, T 107, 111–114, 136, 164, 182, Taiwan, 9, 10, 30, 32, 54, 56, 92, 221, 321, 348, 363, 369, 391, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109–111, 406, 436, 441, 462 INDEX 477

W X Walt, Stephen M., 21, 95, 198, 369, , 8, 16–18, 20, 23, 29, 442 34, 35, 49, 60, 102, 121, 128, Waltz, Kenneth, 34, 82, 83, 115, 222 131–135, 137, 138, 140–143, , 182, 185, 444 149–153, 155, 156, 158, 161, Wang Yi, 9, 10, 60, 270–272, 290, 163–165, 167–178, 180–187, 318, 331, 369, 422, 455 191–195, 197, 200–209, 212, ‘Westlessness’, 260, 264, 265, 267, 213, 220, 224, 237, 239, 270, 272 245, 259, 261, 262, 268, 270, The White House, 9, 10, 20, 86, 144, 273, 277–281, 283–291, 297, 146, 210, 222, 230, 250, 265, 304, 307, 310–315, 317–322, 294, 367, 372, 402, 408, 423, 330–333, 335–340, 345, 346, 452 361, 362, 370, 371, 374, White Papers of PRC, 121, 371 377, 380, 381, 392, 396, 400, Wohlforth, William, 70, 79, 80, 402, 403, 405, 413, 421, 424, 82–84, 198, 199 426–428, 431–434, 443, 444, Wolf, Martin, 40, 66, 67, 407 449, 452–458, 462, 464 Wolfowitz Doctrine, 81, 82, 221–223 World War I (WWI), 4, 13, 54, 66, 428, 449 World War II (WWII), 13–15, 22, 23, Z 29, 63, 65, 66, 77, 78, 95, 97, Zhongyong dialectics, 22, 35, 58, 59, 107, 223, 245, 324, 357, 360, 63, 65, 110, 116, 151, 172, 201, 363, 374, 380, 384, 401, 408, 202, 214, 393, 399, 426, 433, 409, 428, 434–436, 438 442