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Doping Survey in the Youth School Games in Brazil

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Doping Survey in the Youth School Games in Brazil DOPING SURVEY IN THE YOUTH SCHOOL GAMES IN BRAZIL LEVANTAMENTO DE DOPING NOS JOGOS ESCOLARES DA JUVENTUDE NO BRASIL ORIGINAL ARTICLE ARTIGO ORIGINAL LEVANTAMIENTO DE DOPING EN LOS JUEGOS ESCOLARES DE LA JUVENTUD EN BRASIL ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Paulo Rodrigo Pedroso da Silva1,2 RESUMO (Physical Education Professional) Geraldo Albuquerque Maranhao Neto3 Introduction: Doping control is an important means for preventing the use of illegal substances and me- (Physical Education Professional) thods in sports. Objective: This study investigated the self-reported use of illegal substances among young Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo4 Brazilian students in the Youth School Games, the main sporting event among school-aged athletes in Brazil (Physical Education Professional) with almost 2 million students during all the phases. Methods: Cross-sectional study with athletes of the Youth Ana Maria Pujol Vieira dos Santos2 (Biologist) School Games 2006 aged 14-17 years. The subjects were randomly selected and completed an anonymous Maria Helena Vianna Metello Jacob2 questionnaire about substances use. Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions between different (Physical Education Professional) variables on self-reported use of substances. Univariate and multivariate analyzes and logistic regression were Eduardo Henrique de Rose5 performed. Results: Among the 402 athletes (aged 14-17) who volunteered to participate, the results showed (Doctor) high prevalence of alcohol (35.8%), nutritional supplements (39.1%), and tobacco (5.4%). Regarding illegal drugs 1 Lamartine Pereira da Costa and doping, 1.7% reported the use of stimulants, 2.2% illicit drugs, 0.5% anabolic steroids, and 1.7% hormones (Physical Education Professional) and other similar substances. Moreover, a different use of stimulants was found (especially Judo and Table tennis), 1. Universidade Estadual do Rio de medications (especially Judo and Chess) and dietary supplements (especially Swimming and Judo, with over Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 50% reported use). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the use of substances among young athletes 2. Universidade Luterana do Brazil, is similar to the results found among adult Olympic athletes as per International Olympic Committee and World Guaíba, RS, Brazil, Anti-Doping Agency, especially regarding the use of dietary supplements, anabolic steroids, and stimulants 3. Universidade Salgado de Oliveira according to data collected by other studies. We consider that the findings of the present work indicate the (UNIVERSO); Physical Educator; need for specific efforts to monitor, prevent, and control use of substances among school athletes in big events Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. and competitions, such as this research on doping in the Youth School Games. 4. The Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zeland. 5. Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro, Keywords: doping in sports; youth sports; athletic performance; adolescent. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. ABSTRACT Correspondence: Introdução: O controle de dopagem é um meio importante para a prevenção do uso de substâncias e métodos Universidade Estadual do Rio de ilegais no esporte. Objetivo: Este estudo investigou o uso autorrelatado de substâncias ilícitas entre jovens estudantes Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier brasileiros nos Jogos Escolares da Juventude, o principal evento esportivo entre atletas em idade escolar do Brasil, com 524, sala 9122F, Maracanã, quase dois milhões de estudantes durante todas as fases. Métodos: Estudo transversal com atletas dos Jogos Escolares Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 20550-900. da Juventude de 2006 com idades entre 14 e 17 anos. Os sujeitos foram selecionados randomicamente e preencheram [email protected] um questionário anônimo sobre o uso de substâncias. Foi utilizado teste do qui-quadrado para comparação de pro- porções entre as diferentes variáveis sobre o uso autorrelatado de substâncias. Foram realizadas análises univariada e multivariada e regressão logística. Resultados: Entre os 402 atletas (idade 14-17 anos) que tiveram participação voluntária, os resultados mostraram alta prevalência de álcool (35,8%), suplementos nutricionais (39,1%) e fumo (5,4%). Com relação às drogas ilegais e ao doping, 1,7% relataram o uso de estimulantes, 2,2% de drogas ilícitas, 0,5% de esteroides anabolizantes e 1,7% de hormônios e outras substâncias similares. Além disso, foi encontrado um uso diferente de estimulantes (especialmente judô e tênis de mesa), medicamentos (especialmente judô e xadrez) e suplementos dietéticos (especialmente natação e judô, com mais de 50% de uso relatado). Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que o uso de substâncias entre jovens atletas é semelhante aos resultados encontrados entre os atletas adultos de acordo com o Comitê Olímpico Internacional e a Agência Mundial Antidoping, especialmente no que diz respeito ao uso de suplementos alimentares, esteroides anabolizantes e estimulantes, segundo os dados coletados por outros estudos. Consideramos que os resultados do presente trabalho indicam a necessidade de esforços específicos para monitor, prevenir e controlar o uso de substâncias entre atletas escolares em grandes eventos e competições, tais como esta pesquisa sobre dopagem nos Jogos Escolares da Juventude. Descritores: doping nos esportes; esportes juvenis; desempenho atlético; adolescente. RESUMEN Introducción: El control de dopaje es un medio importante para la prevención del uso de sustancias y métodos ilegales en el deporte. Objetivo: Este estudio investigó el uso autoinformado de sustancias ilegales entre jóvenes estu- diantes brasileños en los Juegos Escolares de la Juventud, el principal evento deportivo entre atletas en edad escolar de Brasil, con casi dos millones de estudiantes durante todas las fases. Métodos: Estudio transversal con atletas de los Juegos Escolares de la Juventud de 2006 con edades entre 14 y 17 años. Los sujetos fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 436 Rev Bras Med Esporte – Vol. 23, No 6 – Nov/Dez, 2017 y llenaron un cuestionario anónimo sobre el uso de sustancias. Se utilizó la prueba del chi-cuadrado para la com- paración de las proporciones entre las diferentes variables sobre el uso autoinformado de sustancias. Se realizaron análisis univariado y multivariado y regresión logística. Resultados: Entre los 402 atletas (edad 14-17 años) que tuvieron participación voluntaria, los resultados mostraron alta prevalencia de alcohol (35,8%), suplementos nutricionales (39,1%) y tabaco (5,4%). En cuanto a las drogas ilegales y al dopaje, el 1,7% relató el uso de estimulantes, el 2,2% de drogas ilícitas, el 0,5% de esteroides anabolizantes y el 1,7% de hormonas y otras sustancias similares. Además, se encontró un uso diferente de estimulantes (especialmente judo y tenis de mesa), medicamentos (especialmente judo y ajedrez) y suplementos dietéticos (especialmente natación y judo, con más del 50% de uso reportado). Conclusión: El presente estudio sugiere que el uso de sustancias entre los jóvenes atletas es similar a los resultados encontrados entre los atletas adultos de acuerdo con el Comité Olímpico Internacional y la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje, especial- mente en lo que se refiere al uso de suplementos alimenticios, esteroides anabolizantes y estimulantes según los datos recogidos por otros estudios. Consideramos que los resultados del presente trabajo indican la necesidad de esfuerzos específicos para monitoreo, prevención y control del uso de sustancias entre atletas escolares en grandes eventos y competiciones, tales como esta investigación sobre dopaje en los Juegos Escolares de la Juventud. Descriptores: doping en los deportes; deportes juveniles; rendimiento atlético; adolescente. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220172306163303 Article received on 05/15/2016 accepted on 05/26/2017 INTRODUCTION Thus far, the objective of the present study was to verify the self- Adolescents are naturally hardly concerned with their health and -reported use of illegal substances among young Brazilian students in appearance. At the same time, they have to cope with substantial so- the National Youth Scholar Games of 2006. As such these youth sport cial, psychological and physical developments. Considering this very competition is the main sport event among school-aged athletes in Brazil sensitive phase of development, athletes’ education has to start earlier with almost 2 million students during all the game phases. More than focusing on nutritional knowledge and attitudes about doping and 1,100 Brazilian public and private educational institutions are represented performance-enhancing drug (PED). in this event (Brazilian Olympic Committee, 2013). Doping control is an important means for the prevention of the MATERIALS AND METHODS use of illegal substances and methods in sports. The World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) was created in 1999 for the purpose of eradicate doping Study design and subjects: cross-sectional study with athletes in sports. Annually, WADA publishes a summary of analytical results of the National Youth Scholar Games of 2006, aged 14-17 years. reported by accredited laboratories1. As shown by statistics from WADA The subjects completed an anonymous questionnaire during the (2011)2 5,600 samples were found to contain illegal substances. The National Youth Scholar Games in Brasilia/DF. They were randomly majority was composed by substances related to the group of anabolic selected by raffle and represented the entire population of athletes. steroids (59.4%), as testosterone and stanozolol, followed
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