PREFACE

Ministry of Women's Affairs (MOWA) is the national machinery for promoting gender equity and women's empowerment. MOWA also acts a catalyst and advocate to encourage public institutions, civil society and private sector to integrate gender equity into their policies and programs. In this regard, MOWA has developed Neary Rattanak III, Five-Year Strategic Plan (2009-2013) for gender equity and empowerment of women in .

Project on Gender Mainstreaming, Phase 2 (PGM 2) has been implemented since September 2010 with supports by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Its Project Purpose is "Effective system for implementing women's economic empowerment activities by partner line ministries becomes operational with coordination of MOWA through strengthening gender mainstreaming mechanism". As an important part of the PGM 2 Activities, this "Gender Statistics on Women's Economic Empowerment in Province" was compiled with great efforts of MOWA counterparts together with technical supports by JICA Project Team.

The data and information in this booklet highlight women's economic and social situation as well as their empowerment in KPC Province. Therefore, I believe that this booklet will be utilized by provincial government officials and other concerned parties for examining gender responsive policies and plans in KPC Province. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Through both technical and financial supports from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), in cooperation with the Ministry of Women's Affairs (MOWA), a booklet titled "Gender Statistics on Women's Economic Empowerment in " has been published . This booklet is utilized for our provincial government officials, concerned departments, other development partners and stakeholders to formulate gender responsive plans and programs in the province for accelerating economic empowerment of women as a step for the country development.

I would like to express sincere gratitude for the best efforts of H.E. Dr. Ing Kantha Phavi, Minister of MOWA to provide the good opportunities to MOWA's counterparts to work together with the team members of the Project on Gender Mainstreaming Phase 2 (PGM2) to compile and publish this statistic booklet.

I believe that this booklet will be useful for the Kampong Cham prottincial government officials and concerned provincial departments in implementing the projects as a whole, and particularly the pilot project of PGM2. This booklet will also be utilized at monitoring the practices of gender responsive policies and plans in the province, leading to effective and efficient public service provision, accordingly, to attainments of the diversified economic empowerfTlent of women . Contents

BACKGROUND ...... 1

I. General Overview of Kampong Cham Province ...... 3

II. Population ...... 4

III. Education ...... 7

IV. Health ...... 11

V. Women’s Involvement ...... 12

VI. Violence ...... 14

VII. Economic Activities ...... 15

List of Tables

Table 1: District-Wise Number of Communes, Villages, and Land Areas ...... 3 Table 2: Maternal Mortality and Infant Mortality Rate in Kampong Cham 2006-2010 ...... 11 Table 3: Reported Domestic Violence (2006-2010) ...... 14 Table 4: Main Economic Activities during the Past 12 Months (Male/4,586 samples, %) ...... 16 Table 5: Main Economic Activities during the Past 12 Months (Female/2,362 samples, %) ...... 17 Table 6: Number of Establishments: Major Manufacturing ...... 19

List of Figures

Figure 1: District-Wise Population by Gender ...... 4 Figure 2: District-Wise Number of Households ...... 5 Figure 3: Percentage of Female- and Male- Headed Households by Districts ...... 5 Figure 4: Number of Migrants from KPC to other Provinces and Abroad, 2009 ...... 6 Figure 5: Percentage of Female Migrants with Certain and Uncertain Jobs by District in 2010 ...... 6 Figure 6: District-Wise Literacy Rate by Gender ...... 7 Figure 7: Number of Pre-School Enrollment by Districts and Gender ...... 8 Figure 8: Number of Primary School Enrollment by Districts and Gender ...... 8 Figure 9: Lower Secondary School Enrollment by Districts and Gender ...... 9 Figure 10: Upper Secondary School Enrollment by Districts and Gender ...... 10 Figure 11: Percentage of Women Delivering with TBA or Midwife by Districts in 2010 ...... 11 Figure 12: Percentage of Women and Men in Provincial Decision-Making 2011 ..... 12 Figure 13: Percentage of Provincial Department Positions 2011 ...... 13 Figure 14: Percentage of Female Participation in Civil Society and ...... 13 Figure 15: Percentage of Reported Cases of Families Experiencing Domestic Violence by Districts in 2010 ...... 14 Figure 16: District-Wise Active Population (15-64 Years Old) by Gender ...... 15 Figure 17: Number of Establishments by Districts and Female & Male Representative...... 18 Figure 18: Number of Establishments: Manufacturing ...... 18 Figure 19: Number of Establishments: Agro-Processing ...... 20 Figure 20: Number of Establishments: Textile and Apparel ...... 20

ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS

CBO Community-Based Organization CSES Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey FHH Female Headed Household JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KPC Kampong Cham Province MHH Male Headed Household MOWA Ministry of Women’s Affair NCDD The National Committee of Sub-National Democratic Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIS National Institute of Statistics PDOP Provincial Department of Planning PDLVT Provincial Department of Labor and Vocational Training PGM2 Project on Gender Mainstreaming Phase 2 TBA Traditional Birth Attendant

BACKGROUND

JICA Project on Gender Mainstreaming, Phase 2 (PGM 2) has been implemented since September 2010 with the Project Purpose of “Effective system for implementing women’s economic empowerment activities by partner line ministries becomes operational with coordination of MOWA through strengthening gender mainstreaming mechanism”. As a part of the PGM 2 Activities, it is planned to develop provincial gender statistics booklet in the area of women’s economic empowerment which would be utilized for policies, programs, and projects at the sub-national level. At the same time, the Pilot Project is planned to be implemented in Kampong Cham (KPC) Province for strengthening capacity and mechanism to implement gender responsive activities for enhancing women’s economic empowerment at the sub-national level. In this regard, the PGM 2 together with MOWA counterparts have collected necessary data and information relating to women’s economic and social situation as well as their empowerment in KPC Province from both published ones and primary data from NIS (National Institute of Statistics), Provincial Office and Departments. These data and information collected were reviewed and analyzed. Interim results were presented at the 2nd Pilot Project Planning Workshop in May 2011, and utilized for planning the Pilot Project. With adding and updating some data and information after the workshop, they were compiled as this “Gender Statistics on Women’s Economic Empowerment in Kampong Cham Province”. Since the Pilot Project has been launched in October 2011, this booklet is expected to be good references during implementation of the Pilot Project; and accordingly, to be used by provincial government officials and other concerned parties for examining their gender responsive policy issues.

1

2

Source: PGM 2 edited the Map in “Project Investment Plan/Three-Year Rolling Plan of Kampong Cham Province (2011-2013)”.

2

I. General Overview of Kampong Cham Province

Kampong Cham Province is located 124km far from Capital. It has the border with on the east, with Province and on the west, with Province on the south and with Kratie Province on the north. The River, originating from the Tibetan Plateau, divides the entire provincial area into two parts connected to each other by the KIZUNA Bridge funded by Government of Japan. Its capital is Kampong Cham City. Kampong Cham Province has total land area of 9,235km2. It could be divided into four categories: i) low land areas of agriculture cultivation (27%); ii) wet land areas along the Mekong River (32%); iii) red land areas of rubber and agro-industry plantation (10%); and iv) upland areas covered by forests, plateau and mountains (31%). Kampong Cham Province has 15 Districts and 2 Cities (Kampong Cham and ), with 173 Communes and 1,768 Villages.

Table 1: District-Wise Number of Communes, Villages, and Land Areas

No. of Communes No. of Villages Land Area (Km2) Batheay 12 80 590.0 Chamkar Leu 8 83 657.5 Cheung Prey 10 74 398.0 Dambae 7 74 792.0 Kampong Cham 4 31 22.2 Kampong Siem 15 112 374.9 Kang Meas 11 93 390.0 Kaoh Soutin 8 85 176.2 Krouch Chhmar 12 76 481.1 Memot 14 174 1,601.3 Ou Reang Ov 7 141 354.5 Ponhea Kraek 8 149 773.7 Prey Chhor 15 176 451.1 Srei Santhor 14 86 215.5 Stueng Trang 12 96 998.2 Suong 2 30 80.7 Tboung Khmum 14 208 878.3 Total 173 1,768 9,235.2 Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2009 and Kampong Cham Data Base 2009, NCDD.

3

II. Population

Kampong Cham Province has the largest population in Cambodia with 1,679,992 people including 861,330 female and 818, 662 male in 2008. In Kampong Cham Province, has the largest and has the second largest population. There is more female population than male one in all districts (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: District-Wise Population by Gender

100,000 Female Male 92,518

90,000 87,523

80,000 74,919

73,544

68,872

66,446 70,000

64,168

61,184

60,265

58,642

56,351 60,000

54,616

53,292

51,144

49,632

48,903

47,845 46,098

50,000 45,000 44,575 43,649 43,629 42,275 41,988

40,848 40,122 39,642 38,672 40,000

31,750 28,684

30,000 24,371 22,929 18,390 20,000 17,506

10,000

0 …

Ov

Leu

Prey Meas

Siem Kraek

Trang Chhor

Suong

Soutin

Khmum Chhmar Memot

Santhor Batheay Dambae

Kampong Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Ou Cheung Krong Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Tboung Krong

Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

The total number of households in Kampong Cham is 368,114 in 2008. While Tboung Khmum has the biggest number of households and Memot has the second biggest one, Krong Suong has the smallest one (see Figure 2).

4

Figure 2: District-Wise Number of Households

40,000 39,408

35,000 30,103 29,154 30,000 28,768 25,611

25,000 23,465 22,649 21,881 20,533 20,503 19,916 19,498 20,000 18,951 16,601

15,000 14,096

10,000 9,347 7,630

5,000

0

Ov

Leu Prey

Siem Cham Kraek

Meas

Trang Soutin

Chhor Suong

Santhor Khmum Chhmar Memot

Dambae

Batheay Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Cheung Ou Krong Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung

Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

Figure 3 shows ratios for household heads by gender. Male-headed household occupy more than 60 % in all districts in 2009. However, percentages of female-headed households are relatively higher in Kampong Siem (40%) and Kaoh Soutin (35%) than those of other districts.

Figure 3: Percentage of Female- and Male- Headed Households by Districts

100% 13 90% 18 18 15 15 26 24 23 24 26 25 23 23 21 35 80% 40 70%

60%

50% 88 40% 83 83 85 85 74 76 78 76 74 75 77 77 79 30% 60 65 20%

10%

0% Ov

Leu

Prey

Siem Trang Cham Kraek Meas Chhor

Soutin

Memot Santhor Khmum Chhmar Batheay

Dambae

Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Cheung Ou Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung

MHH FHH

Note: This Survey is not census. This covers 1,639sample households. Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2009 (CSES 2009).

5

Statistics from PDLVT of Kampong Cham show that there were more female migrants than male ones from all districts in 2009. Especially, Srei Santhor and Prey Chhor have bigger number of female migrants (see Figure 4).

Figure 4: Number of Migrants from KPC to other Provinces and Abroad, 2009

8,000

7,000 6,678 6,600

6,000

5,115

4,619 5,000 4,620

4,478 4,250 4,076

3,705

3,668

4,000

3,111

2,952

2,854

2,833

2,817 3,000

2,568 2,260 2,233 2,179

2,090 2,020 2,005 1,949

2,000 1,773

1,284

953

804 790 1,000 771 560 547 518 372 309

0

Ov

Leu

Siem Prey

Trang Cham Kraek

Soutin Meas Chhmar Chhor

Santhor Khmum

Suong Reang

Batheay Memot Dambae Srei Prey Kaoh Kang Stueng Cheung Ou Chamkar Ponhea Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung

Male Female

Source: Provincial Department of Labor and Vocational Training (PDLVT)

Figure 5 shows that percentages of female migrants with certain jobs are higher than those with uncertain jobs in all districts except Suong.

Figure 5: Percentage of Female Migrants with Certain and Uncertain Jobs by District in 2010

% % Certain Jobs % Uncertain Jobs 4.9

5.0 4.6 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5

2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Ov

Leu

Siem Prey

Trang Cham Kraek

Soutin Meas Chhor Chhmar

Khmum Santhor

Suong Reang

Batheay Memot Dambae Srei Prey Kaoh Kang Stueng Cheung Ou Chamkar Ponhea Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung

Note: Calculated as a percentage of the total population of the district. Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2011, PDOP.

6

III. Education

According to Figure 6, female literacy rates are lower than male ones in all districts. Gaps between female literacy rates and male ones range from 6.7 (Kampong Cham) to 17.6 (Batheay) percent points. Dambae has the lowest literacy rates for both male and female.

Figure 6: District-Wise Literacy Rate by Gender

Female Male

%

100.0 95.2

92.7

90.0

89.2 88.5

87.5

86.7 86.5

86.2

90.0 84.3

83.7

82.7 82.7

81.1

80.3 80.3 79.9

79.5 78.2

77.3 76.6 76.4

80.0 75.0

73.8

72.7

71.1 71.1

68.5 67.6 66.0 70.0 64.6 63.5 58.7 60.0 50.0 50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0

Ov

Leu

Prey Siem Meas

Cham Kraek

Trang

Chhor Suong

Soutin

Chhmar Khmum Memot

Santhor Batheay

Dambae Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Ou Krong Cheung Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

Figure 7 shows that there are only little differences between female numbers and male numbers for pre-school enrollment in general. Kang Meas has largest numbers of pre-school enrollment both for female and male (female is slightly higher than male).

7

Figure 7: Number of Pre-School Enrollment by Districts and Gender

Female Male

700 611

600 556

500 408 387 382 380 400 376 344 341 333 331 281 265 264 261 300 260 232 226 202 194 194 192 190 184 180 169 200 167 153 138 96 100 54 37

0

Ov

Leu Prey

Siem Meas Kraek

Trang Cham Chhor

Soutin

Memot

Khmum Chhmar Batheay

Dambae

Santhor

Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Cheung Ou Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Tboung Kampong Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

Numbers of male who enroll in primary school are higher than those of female in all districts. Tboung Khmum has the largest and Memot is the second largest numbers for both male and female (see Figure 8).

Figure 8: Number of Primary School Enrollment by Districts and Gender

Female Male 20,000 18,546

18,000 16,976

16,000 14,931 14,074

14,000 13,304 11,925 11,922 11,855 11,302

12,000 10,765 10,616 9,997 9,779 9,736 9,239 9,180 9,169

10,000 8,949 8,550 8,539 8,457 8,171 8,022 7,981 7,680 7,607 7,336 8,000 7,076 6,195

6,000 5,278

4,000 2,881 2,688 2,000 0

Ov Leu Prey

Siem Kraek

Meas

Trang Chhor Cham

Soutin

Memot

Chhmar Khmum Batheay

Dambae Santhor

Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Cheung Srei Ou Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Tboung Kampong

Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

8

Numbers of male who enroll in lower secondary school are also slightly higher than those of female in all districts. Tboung Khmum has the largest and Prey Chhor has the second largest numbers of enrolments both for male and female (see Figure 9). The fact that number of lower secondary school enrolments is about one fifth of that of primary school enrolments means many students drop out schools before the level of lower secondary.

Figure 9: Lower Secondary School Enrollment by Districts and Gender

4,500 Female Male

4,000 3,810 3,714 3,621 3,500 3,214

3,000 2,813 2,548 2,523 2,484 2,454 2,407 2,322 2,303 2,500 2,299 2,238 2,164 2,120 2,038 1,827 1,776 1,765 1,765 1,745

2,000 1,741 1,729 1,723 1,676 1,616 1,601 1,583 1,487 1,500

1,000 703 630 500

0

Ov

Leu Prey

Meas Siem Kraek

Trang Cham Chhor

Soutin Memot

Khmum Chhmar Batheay Dambae

Santhor

Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Cheung Srei Ou Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Tboung Kampong Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

According to Figure 10, Kompong Cham City has the largest number of upper secondary school enrollments for both male and female. This is followed by Tbong Khmum, then by Prey Chhor. Those enrolled with upper secondary school account for only 5.6% of total student population (primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary) in Kompong Cham Province. Compared to the primary and lower secondary enrollments, gap of between male enrollments and female ones is widened.

9

Figure 10: Upper Secondary School Enrollment by Districts and Gender

2,500 2,094 Female Male 2,000 1,615 1,531

1,500 1,368 1,253 1,108 905 1,000 889 803 760 753 700 693 668 645 628 573 567 565 552 482 425 412 389 388 367 363

500 332 288 231 134 90 0

Ov

Leu Prey

Siem Meas Kraek

Trang Cham Chhor

Soutin

Memot

Khmum Chhmar Batheay

Dambae

Santhor

Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Cheung Ou Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Tboung Kampong

Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

10

IV. Health

Table 2 indicates that maternal mortality rate and number of below-five mortality were significantly decreased from 2006 to 2010. Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live birth) increased from 9 in 2007 to 13 in 2008, but decreased to 7 in 2010.

Table 2: Maternal Mortality and Infant Mortality Rate in Kampong Cham 2006-2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Maternal Mortality Rate per 100,000 live birth 453 279 255 253 232

Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 live birth 15 9 13 12 7 Number of children who died below the age of 865 1,017 778 543 334 5 (persons) Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2009, NCDD; and Kampong Cham Data Book 2011, PDOP.

Figure 11 indicates that most of women prefer to deliver with midwife. Nearly all women in city area (Kampong Cham and Suong) deliver with midwife.

Figure 11: Percentage of Women Delivering with TBA or Midwife by Districts in 2010

% WIth TBA % With Midwife % 100.0 99.4

80.0 98.0 100.0 95.2 91.4 91.1 88.5 87.1 86.7 85.6 85.4 84.6 84.6 83.8

60.0 80.3 72.2 68.8

40.0 31.2 27.8 19.7 16.2 15.4 15.4 14.6 14.4 13.3 12.9 20.0 11.5 8.9 8.6 4.8 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 Suong Suong Batheay Batheay Memot Dambae Dambae Srei Santhor Prey Chhor Kaoh Soutin Soutin Kaoh Kang Meas Stueng Trang Cheung Prey Chamkar Leu Chamkar Leu Ponhea Kraek Ou Reang Ov Krouch Chhmar Chhmar Krouch Kampong Siem Siem Kampong Tboung Khmum Tboung Khmum Kampong Cham Cham Kampong

Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2011, PDOP.

11

V. Women’s Involvement

According to Figure 12 and Figure 13, men dominate all positions in provincial decision-making (provincial, district, and commune levels). Similarly, men occupy large portion of provincial department positions, especially for such higher positions as directors and deputy directors.

Figure 12: Percentage of Women and Men in Provincial Decision-Making 2011

Office Vice-Chief 31.25 68.75

Office Chief 20.00 80.00

Deputy Unit Director 0.0 100.0

Provincial Hall Addminstration 33.33 66.67

Unit Director 25.00 75.00 Provincial Positions

Deputy Governor 16.67 83.33

Provincial Governor 0 100

Deputy Governor 24.56 75.44 District District

positions District Governor 5.88 94.12

Communal Council 14.40 85.60

Vice Communal Chief 5.81 94.19

Communal Chief 4.05 95.35 Commune Positions

0 20406080100

Female Male %

Source: Kampong Cham Provincial Office, 2011.

12

Figure 13: Percentage of Provincial Department Positions 2011

100 94.25 % 91.90 90 80 74.68 74.81 70 60 50 Female 40 Male 30 25.32 25.19 20 8.10 10 5.75 0 Director Deputy Office Chief Vice Office Director Chief

Source: Kampong Cham Provincial Office, 2011.

Figure 14 indicates that percentage of female participation in civil society is minimal.

Figure 14: Percentage of Female Participation in Civil Society and Percentage of Women with Uncertain Jobs by Districts in 2010

(1) % Women participating in civil society

% (2) % Women (18-60 years) with uncertain/irregular jobs 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8

2.0 1.7 1.4

1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8

1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 Suong Suong Batheay Memot Dambae Srei Santhor Prey Chhor Kaoh Soutin Soutin Kaoh Kang Meas Stueng Trang Cheung Prey Chamkar Leu Chamkar Leu Ponhea Kraek Ou Reang Ov Krouch Chhmar Kampong Siem Kampong Siem Tboung Khmum Khmum Tboung Kampong Cham Note: Participation can be in NGOs, CBOs, credit groups, women’s unions, parties and other civil society organizations. Calculated as a percentage of the total population for (1) and of the total 18-60 year old population for (2). Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2011, PDOP.

13

VI. Violence

Table 3, which presents the reported domestic violence, shows that sexual violence was almost doubled from 2006 to 2010. On the other hand, physical violence did not have significant change while mental and household economic violence was decreased by about 20%.

Table 3: Reported Domestic Violence (2006-2010) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Physical violence 1,211 1,295 1,331 1,325 1,238 Sexual violence 101 101 99 190 191 Mental violence 1,025 1,019 1,038 1,031 815 Household economic violence 545 516 661 570 441 Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2009, NCDD; and Kampong Cham Data Book 2011, PDOP.

Based on Figure 15, Memot has the largest and Dambae has the second largest number of reported cases while Kampong Cham City has the lowest number of cases.

Figure 15: Percentage of Reported Cases of Families Experiencing Domestic Violence by Districts in 2010

2.5 2.3 % 2.0 1.9 1.6

1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

0.5 0.4

0.0

Ov

Leu

Siem Prey

Trang Kraek Cham

Soutin Meas Chhor Chhmar

Khmum Santhor

Suong Reang

Batheay Memot Dambae Prey Srei Kaoh Kang Stueng Cheung Ou Chamkar Ponhea Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung

Source: Kampong Cham Data Book 2011, PDOP.

14

VII. Economic Activities

According to Figure 16, there is more female active population meaning labor population than male one in all districts, similar to the situation of population as a whole.

Figure 16: District-Wise Active Population (15-64 Years Old) by Gender

Male Female

60,000 57,188 52,086

50,000 45,943 43,919 43,720 41,207 39,028 35,971 40,000 35,859 34,149 33,580 33,006 31,464 30,852 29,464 29,099 28,605 27,271 26,893 26,807 26,126 25,481 25,336

30,000 24,682 23,468 23,075 23,014 21,984 19,043 16,924 15,943 20,000 15,668 11,812 11,098 10,000

0

Ov

Leu

Prey Meas

Siem Cham Kraek

Trang

Chhor

Suong

Soutin

Khmum Chhmar Memot

Santhor Batheay Dambae

Reang

Kang Prey Kaoh Srei Ou Cheung Krong Chamkar Stueng Ponhea Kampong Krouch Tboung Kampong

Krong

Source: General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008, NIS.

Table 4 shows main activities of male respondents during the past 12 months. Many male respondents in all districts except Kampong Cham City regarded “growing rice” as their main activities. Around 50% of male respondents in Dambae and Memot as well as around 10% of them in Kampong Siem, Koh Soutin and Krouch Chhmar regarded “growing of vegetables and melons, roots, and tubers” as their main activities. On the other hand, Table 5 shows main activities of female respondents during the past 12 months. Similar to male respondents, many female respondents in all districts except Kampong Cham City also regarded “growing rice” as their main activities. Unlike male respondents, only few women responded “growing of vegetables and melons, roots, and tubers” as their main activities. Around 50% of female respondents in Dambae and Memot regarded “repair of personal and household goods” as their main activities.

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Table 4: Main Economic Activities during the Past 12 Months (Male/4,586 samples, %)

ChamkarCheung KampongKampong Kang Kaoh Krouch Ou ReangPonhea Prey Srei Stueng Tboung Code Main Economic Activities Batheay Dambae Mem ot KPC Total Leu Prey Cham Siem Meas Soutin Chhmar Ov Kraek Chhor Santhor Trang Khmum 111Grow ing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 18.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 7.7 0.0 0.7 1.6 112Grow ing of rice 58.2 36.0 60.1 31.3 0.0 45.0 46.1 31.9 33.9 11.9 62.6 58.1 68.3 47.3 41.5 35.1 42.9 113Grow ing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers 5.0 7.8 0.0 53.1 1.9 12.1 1.5 10.8 10.1 48.1 0.5 5.2 3.2 0.0 1.7 12.5 11.5 115Grow ing of tabacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 0.0 4.8 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 7.2 0.0 1.4 120Grow ing of perennial crops 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 6.7 1.2 4.0 13.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.8 1.7 8.3 3.1 130Plant propagation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 141Raising of cattle and buffaloes 1.1 2.9 4.4 1.6 0.0 5.3 4.8 3.0 3.2 4.1 1.9 0.3 3.0 1.8 0.9 1.2 2.5 149Raising of other animals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities 5.4 23.4 1.2 6.2 0.0 1.8 0.7 4.8 10.8 12.5 20.4 10.7 4.2 1.8 16.4 8.0 8.5 230Gathering of non-w ood forest products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.2 310Fishing 0.0 0.3 4.4 1.2 0.0 0.7 1.1 2.4 2.9 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.2 0.5 3.7 0.5 1.3 1410Manufacture of w earing apparel, except fur apparel 5.7 1.6 1.6 0.0 5.6 6.0 14.9 3.0 1.4 0.0 2.4 1.4 2.7 3.6 1.7 3.7 3.3 1620Manufacture of products of w ood, cork, straw and plaiting materials0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 3.2 0.3 0.7 0.5 4100Construction of building 3.9 0.3 0.8 0.0 2.8 6.4 0.7 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.5 2.7 0.3 1.7 1.4 16 4510Sale of motor vehicles 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4610Wholesale on a fee or contract basis 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4710Retail sale in non-specialized stores 2.1 1.9 6.9 0.8 8.3 1.4 3.3 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.4 3.5 2.2 2.2 4720Retail sale of food, beverages and tobacco in specialized stores 0.0 3.6 3.6 0.0 9.3 0.4 4.5 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.0 1.4 1.7 4.1 3.5 6.4 2.6 4770Retail sale of other goods in specialized stores 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.2 4920Other land transport 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.0 5.6 2.1 0.0 3.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 2.0 1.8 1.2 2.5 1.4 8510Pre-primary and primary education 1.8 1.0 0.0 0.8 2.8 0.0 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.3 2.2 2.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 8620Medical and dental practice activities 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 9490Activities of other membership organizations 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 9520Repair of personal and household goods 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 Other 15.0 18.5 15.7 4.1 62.0 8.5 13.4 27.1 6.9 7.5 8.5 17.5 9.7 16.8 14.1 12.7 13.8 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Note: Code is ISIC code. Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2009 (CSES 2009).

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Table 5: Main Economic Activities during the Past 12 Months (Female/2,362 samples, %)

ChamkarCheung KampongKampong Kang Kaoh Krouch Ou ReangPonhea Prey Srei Stueng Tboung Code Main Economic Activities Batheay Dambae Mem ot KPC Total Leu Prey Cham Siem Meas Soutin Chhmar Ov Kraek Chhor Santhor Trang Khmum 111Grow ing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 112Grow ing of rice 57.3 36.8 59.5 32.6 0.0 46.3 39.6 30.1 36.1 12.0 66.4 62.5 70.1 42.7 42.4 34.3 42.8 113Grow ing of vegetables and melons, roots and tubers 4.0 3.2 7.6 1.5 8.6 3.0 4.7 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.8 1.4 2.5 2.7 5.3 3.0 3.3 115Grow ing of tabacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.3 0.3 120Grow ing of perennial crops 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 130Plant propagation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 20.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.3 1.8 141Raising of cattle and buffaloes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 149Raising of other animals 0.7 7.1 1.5 0.0 5.2 0.0 2.0 1.1 0.0 0.5 2.8 2.1 1.0 0.9 2.4 0.3 1.5 160Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 230Gathering of non-w ood forest products 0.0 5.2 6.1 0.0 12.1 0.7 5.4 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.0 2.1 3.0 7.3 5.3 7.7 3.6 310Fishing 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.4 1410Manufacture of w earing apparel, except fur apparel 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 3.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.6 1620Manufacture of products of w ood, cork, straw and plaiting materials6.0 23.2 1.5 6.8 0.0 1.5 1.3 5.4 8.3 13.0 18.7 8.3 4.5 2.7 17.1 10.7 8.7 17 4100Construction of building 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4510Sale of motor vehicles 0.0 1.3 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.7 0.9 4610Wholesale on a fee or contract basis 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 6.5 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 8.2 0.0 1.6 4710Retail sale in non-specialized stores 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.4 4720Retail sale of food, beverages and tobacco in specialized stores 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 4770Retail sale of other goods in specialized stores 9.3 2.6 3.1 0.0 8.6 11.2 22.8 3.2 1.4 0.0 4.7 2.1 4.5 6.4 2.9 5.7 5.4 4920Other land transport 0.0 0.6 3.8 0.0 3.4 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 3.6 0.0 0.7 0.8 8510Pre-primary and primary education 0.00.00.00.00.00.77.41.15.612.00.00.00.00.90.68.33.0 8620Medical and dental practice activities 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.0 4.5 0.6 1.0 1.1 9490Activities of other membership organizations 0.7 1.9 3.8 2.3 0.0 6.0 3.4 3.2 1.4 3.3 0.9 0.0 1.0 2.7 0.0 1.3 1.9 9520Repair of personal and household goods 6.0 4.5 0.0 52.3 1.7 11.2 2.0 10.8 9.7 50.5 0.0 6.3 4.0 0.0 0.6 11.7 11.6 Other 3.3 8.4 10.7 1.5 43.1 7.5 8.7 30.1 9.0 2.7 1.9 12.5 4.5 12.7 10.6 10.0 9.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Note: Code is ISIC code. Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2009 (CSES 2009).

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Figure 17 shows the number of establishments by districts and by gender of their representatives. Number of establishments represented by men is higher than those represented by women in all districts. Tboung Khmum has the largest, Ponhea Kraek has the second largest number of establishments, and is followed by Prey Chhor.

Figure 17: Number of Establishments by Districts and Female & Male Representative 3,500 Male Representative Female Representative 3,273

3,000 2,634 2,500 2,058 1,958 2,000 1,939 1,810 1,606 1,525 1,439 1,432 1,500 1,403 1,309 1,232 1,231 1,186 1,161 1,158 1,117 1,107 1,103 1,091 1,082 1,049 1,042 1,005 983 964 955 939 921 1,000 887 607

500 410 280

0 Suong Memot Batheay Batheay Dambae Dambae Srei Santhor Santhor Srei Prey Chhor Chhor Prey Kaoh Soutin Kang Meas Kang Meas Stueng Trang Trang Stueng Cheung Prey Chamkar Leu Ou Reang Ov Ponhea Kraek Ponhea Kraek Krouch Chhmar Kampong Siem Tboung Khmum Khmum Tboung Kampong Cham Source: National-wide Establishment Listing of Cambodia 2009, NIS. Figure 18 shows the number of establishments in manufacturing. Tboung Khmum has the largest and Ponhea Kraek and Kaoh Soutin have the second largest number of manufacturing establishments. There is wide gap in number between male and female representatives for all districts, except Koah Soutin. Figure 18: Number of Establishments: Manufacturing

1,400 Male Representative Female Representative 1,234 1,200 1,106

1,000 879

800 755 681 630 600 601 529 468 425 415 369 368 358

400 343 233 213 209 192 200 178 127 125 105 97 95 91 87 82 77 70 64 50 37 37 0 Suong Memot Batheay Dambae Srei Santhor Santhor Srei Prey Chhor Prey Kaoh Soutin Kang Meas Stueng Trang Cheung Prey Chamkar Leu Chamkar Ou Reang Ov Ponhea Kraek Kraek Ponhea Krouch Chhmar Kampong Siem Tboung Khmum Khmum Tboung Kampong Cham Source: National-wide Establishment Listing of Cambodia 2009, NIS.

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Table 6 shows the number of establishments in major categories for manufacturing: agro-processing (sub-categories of i) manufacture of grain mill products and ii) manufacture of wines) and textile/apparel. Tboung Khmum has the largest number of agro-processing establishments, and Ponhea Kraek and Prey Chhor follows. Majority of the establishments in agro-processing as a whole as well as in manufacturing of grain mil products and wines are represented by men (see Figure 19). Regarding textile and apparel, Kaoh Soutin has the prominent number of establishments for this category. There are more female representatives than male ones in this category.

Table 6: Number of Establishments: Major Manufacturing

Representative District manufacturing manufacture of of establishmentagro-processing manufacture of textile, apparel grain mill wines products Batheay male 368 292 264 18 7 female 70 43 34 9 21 Chamkar Leu male 369 273 254 14 6 female 91 34 28 0 56 Cheung Prey male 630 524 519 4 5 female 97 52 50 1 30 Dambae male 415 390 350 24 7 female 37 32 25 5 5 Kampong Cham male 192 26 8 0 15 female 95 10 2 0 70 Kampong Siem male 529 136 89 9 4 female1055914729 Kang Meas male 425 298 218 58 10 female 82 42 28 6 37 Kaoh Soutin male755995624436 female468401912417 Krouch Chhmar male 233 127 88 23 4 female 50 27 15 6 17 Memot male 358 273 233 20 11 female 64 21 16 1 42 Ou Reang Ov male 601 501 406 85 11 female 87 41 22 7 41 Ponhea Kraek male 1106 998 810 60 10 female12791591929 Prey Chhor male 879 726 687 2 13 female 178 105 91 1 49 Srei Santhor male 681 394 316 58 12 female1257832933 Stueng Trang male 343 290 237 36 10 female 37 18 15 0 15 Suong male 209 112 65 11 12 female 77 19 6 1 53 Tboung Khmum male 1234 942 802 61 23 female 213 106 51 27 81 Source: National-wide Establishment Listing of Cambodia 2009, NIS.

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Figure 19: Number of Establishments: Agro-Processing (Total, Grain Milled Products, Wine) 1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0 Suong Memot Memot Batheay Dambae Srei Santhor Prey Chhor Kaoh Soutin Kang MeasKang Stueng Trang Cheung PreyCheung Chamkar Leu Ponhea Kraek Ou Reang Ov Krouch Chhmar Kampong Siem Tboung Khmum Kampong Cham Agro-processing: Male Representative Agro-processing: Female Representative Manufacture of grain mil products: Male Representative Manufacture of grain mil products: Female Representative Manufacture of wines: Male Representative Manufacture of wines: Female Representative

Source: National-wide Establishment Listing of Cambodia 2009, NIS.

Figure 20: Number of Establishments: Textile and Apparel

500

450 436 417 400 Male Representative Female Representative 350

300

250

200

150

100 81 70 56 53 49 42 41 37 33 30 29 50 29 23 21 17 15 15 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 10 7 7 6 5 5 4 4 0

Ov

Leu

Siem Prey

Trang Kraek Cham

Soutin Chhor Meas

Chhmar

Santhor Khmum

Suong Reang

Batheay Memot Dambae Srei Prey Kaoh Kang Stueng Cheung Ou Ponhea Chamkar Kampong Krouch Kampong Tboung Source: National-wide Establishment Listing of Cambodia 2009, NIS.

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