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How China Started the Second Sino-Japanese War: Why Should Japan Apologize to China?
How China Started the Second Sino-Japanese War: Why Should Japan Apologize to China? By Moteki Hiromichi Society for the Dissemination of Historical Facts © 1 Introduction In the so-called "apology issue," which concerns Japan's conduct in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, there exists two opposing points of view: "I guess the only thing we can do is to keep on apologizing until China tells us, 'The problems between us may not be settled, but for now you have sufficiently apologized.'" -Murakami Haruki1 "A grateful China should also pay respect to Yasukuni Shrine." -Ko Bunyu2 Mr. Murakami's opinion is based on the belief that Japan waged an aggressive war against China, a belief shared by many Japanese even if they don't know the reason why. This belief holds that the Japanese should be completely repentant over that act of aggression for the sake of clearing our own conscience. There are two major problems with this point of view. First of all, it rests on the conventional wisdom that Japan was guilty of aggression towards China. Many people will perhaps respond to that by saying something like, "What are you talking about? The Japanese Army invaded continental China and waged war there. Surely that constitutes a war of aggression." However, let's imagine the following scenario. What if the Japan Self-Defense Forces launched an unprovoked attack on American military units, which are stationed in Japan in accordance with the provisions of the US-Japan Security Treaty, and a war broke out on Japanese territory? Because the fighting would be taking place in Japan, does that mean that, in this scenario, the US Army is undeniably the aggressor? No matter how distasteful a person might find the US military presence to be, under international law, Japan would be deemed the aggressor here. -
Beijing's Nightlife
Making the Most of Beijing’s Nightlife A Guide to Beijing’s Nightlife Beijing Travel Feature Volume 8 Beijing 北京市旅游发展委员会 A GUIDE TO BEIJING’S NIGHTLIFE With more than a thousand years of history and culture, Beijing is a city of contrasts, a beautiful juxtaposition of the traditional and the modern, the east and the west, presenting unique cultural charm. The city’s nightlife is not any less than the daytime hustle and bustle; whether it is having a few drinks at a hip bar, or seeing Peking Opera, acrobatics and Chinese Kung Fu shows, you will never have a single dull moment in Beijing! This feature will introduce Beijing’s must-go late night hangouts and featured cultural performances and theaters for you to truly experience the city’s nightlife. 2 3 A GUIDE TO BEIJING’S NIGHTLIFE HIGHLIGHTS Late Night Hangouts 2 Sanlitun | Houhai Cultural Performances Happy Valley Beijing “Golden Mask Dynasty” | 4 Red Theatre “Kungfu Legend” | Chaoyang Theatre Acrobatics Show | Liyuan Theatre Featured Bars 4 Infusion Room | Nuoyan Rice Wine Bar | D Lounge | Janes + Hooch For more information, please see the details below. 4 LATE NIGHT HANGOUTS Sanlitun and Houhai are your top choices for the best of nightlife in Beijing. You will enjoy yourself to the fullest and feel immersed in the vibrant, cosmopolitan city of Beijing, a city that never sleeps. 5 SANLITUN The Sanlitun neighborhood is home to Beijing’s oldest bar street. The many foreign embassies have transformed the area into a vibrant bar street with a variety of hip bars, making it the best nightlife spot in town. -
Shanghai, China Overview Introduction
Shanghai, China Overview Introduction The name Shanghai still conjures images of romance, mystery and adventure, but for decades it was an austere backwater. After the success of Mao Zedong's communist revolution in 1949, the authorities clamped down hard on Shanghai, castigating China's second city for its prewar status as a playground of gangsters and colonial adventurers. And so it was. In its heyday, the 1920s and '30s, cosmopolitan Shanghai was a dynamic melting pot for people, ideas and money from all over the planet. Business boomed, fortunes were made, and everything seemed possible. It was a time of breakneck industrial progress, swaggering confidence and smoky jazz venues. Thanks to economic reforms implemented in the 1980s by Deng Xiaoping, Shanghai's commercial potential has reemerged and is flourishing again. Stand today on the historic Bund and look across the Huangpu River. The soaring 1,614-ft/492-m Shanghai World Financial Center tower looms over the ambitious skyline of the Pudong financial district. Alongside it are other key landmarks: the glittering, 88- story Jinmao Building; the rocket-shaped Oriental Pearl TV Tower; and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The 128-story Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in China (and, after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the second-tallest in the world). Glass-and-steel skyscrapers reach for the clouds, Mercedes sedans cruise the neon-lit streets, luxury- brand boutiques stock all the stylish trappings available in New York, and the restaurant, bar and clubbing scene pulsates with an energy all its own. Perhaps more than any other city in Asia, Shanghai has the confidence and sheer determination to forge a glittering future as one of the world's most important commercial centers. -
Language Matters Beijing's Most Infl Uential People Testify to the Power of Words
北京爱见达广告DM FEB 24-MAR 9 北京爱见达广告有限公司 京工商印广登字 201000068 号 ISSUE 73, THU-WED 北京市朝阳区建国路 93 号 10 号楼 2801 第 73 期 2011 年 2 月 17 日印 Language Matters Beijing's most infl uential people testify to the power of words Flavors of Portugal at the Hilton Beijing Wangfujing China’s literary wars Secrets of a Weibo kong The best wordless apps and much more 广告征订热线 5820 7700 广告DM THU, FEB 24 – WED, MAR 9 AGENDA 1 编制:北京爱见达广告有限公司 Managing Editor Jennifer Thomé Editorial Assistant Adeline Wang Visual Planning Joey Guo Art Director Susu Luo Photographers Shelley Jiang, Sui, Judy Zhou, Kara Chin, Biswarup Ganguky and Flickr user willsfca Contributors Nikolaus Fogle, Astrid Stuth, Marla Fong 广告总代理:深度体验国际广告(北京)有限公司 Advertising Agency: Immersion International Advertising (Beijing) Co., Limited 广告热线:5820 7700 Designers Yuki Jia, Helen He, Li Xing, Li Yang Distribution Jenny Wang, Victoria Wang Marketing Skott Taylor, Cindy Kusuma, Cao Yue, Jiang Lei Sales Manager Elena Damjanoska Account Executives Geraldine Cowper, Lynn Cui, Keli Dal Bosco, Sally Fang, Gloria Hao, Ashley Lendrum, Maggie Qi, Hailie Song, Jackie Yu, Sophia Zhou Inquiries Editorial: [email protected] Listings: [email protected] Distribution: [email protected] Sales: [email protected] Marketing: [email protected] Sales Hotline: (010) 5820 7700 Cover image: Hilton Beijing Wangfujing Executive Sous Chef Ricardo Bizarro at Vasco’s. Photo by Mishka Photography. 2 AGENDA THU, FEB 24 – WED, MAR 9 广告DM LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Love words? So do we! Through the course of history, words have been used to win hearts, crush spirits, make money and find enlighten- ment. -
Beijing Railway Station 北京站 / 13 Maojiangwan Hutong Dongcheng District Beijing 北京市东城区毛家湾胡同 13 号
Beijing Railway Station 北京站 / 13 Maojiangwan Hutong Dongcheng District Beijing 北京市东城区毛家湾胡同 13 号 (86-010-51831812) Quick Guide General Information Board the Train / Leave the Station Transportation Station Details Station Map Useful Sentences General Information Beijing Railway Station (北京站) is located southeast of center of Beijing, inside the Second Ring. It used to be the largest railway station during the time of 1950s – 1980s. Subway Line 2 runs directly to the station and over 30 buses have stops here. Domestic trains and some international lines depart from this station, notably the lines linking Beijing to Moscow, Russia and Pyongyang, South Korea (DPRK). The station now operates normal trains and some high speed railways bounding south to Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Zhengzhou, Fuzhou and Changsha etc, bounding north to Harbin, Tianjin, Changchun, Dalian, Hohhot, Urumqi, Shijiazhuang, and Yinchuan etc. Beijing Railway Station is a vast station with nonstop crowds every day. Ground floor and second floor are open to passengers for ticketing, waiting, check-in and other services. If your train departs from this station, we suggest you be here at least 2 hours ahead of the departure time. Board the Train / Leave the Station Boarding progress at Beijing Railway Station: Station square Entrance and security check Ground floor Ticket Hall (售票大厅) Security check (also with tickets and travel documents) Enter waiting hall TOP Pick up tickets Buy tickets (with your travel documents) (with your travel documents and booking number) Find your own waiting room (some might be on the second floor) Wait for check-in Have tickets checked and take your luggage Walk through the passage and find your boarding platform Board the train and find your seat Leaving Beijing Railway Station: When you get off the train station, follow the crowds to the exit passage that links to the exit hall. -
IN the MINORITY Holding on to Ethnic Identity in a Changing Beijing
IN THE MINORITY Holding on to Ethnic Identity in a Changing Beijing Follow us on WeChat Now Advertising Hotline 400 820 8428 城市漫步北京 英文版 6 月份 国内统一刊号: CN 11-5232/GO China Intercontinental Press ISSN 1672-8025 JUNE 2016 主管单位 ：中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 Supervised by the State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China 主办单位 ：五洲传播出版社 地址 ：北京市海淀区北三环中路31 号生产力大楼 B 座 602 邮编 100088 B-602 Shengchanli Building, No. 31 Beisanhuan Zhonglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, PRC http://www.cicc.org.cn 总编辑 Editor in Chief 慈爱民 Ci Aimin 期刊部负责人 Supervisor of Magazine Department 邓锦辉 Deng Jinhui 编辑 Editor 朱莉莉 Zhu Lili 发行 / 市场 Distribution / Marketing 黄静，李若琳 Huang Jing, Li Ruolin Editor-in-Chief Oscar Holland Food & Drink Editor Noelle Mateer Staff Reporter Dominique Wong National Arts Editor Andrew Chin Digital Content Editor Justine Lopez Designers Li Xiaoran, Iris Wang Staff Photographer Holly Li Contributors Mia Li, Zoey Zha, Virginia Werner, Jens Bakker, Emma Huang, Aelred Doyle, Dominic Ngai, Tongfei Zhang Urbanatomy Media Shanghai (Head office) 上海和舟广告有限公司 上海市蒙自路 169 号智造局 2 号楼 305-306 室 邮政编码 : 200023 Room 305-306, Building 2, No.169 Mengzi Lu, Shanghai 200023 电话 : 021-8023 2199 传真 : 021-8023 2190 (From February 13) Beijing 广告代理 : 上海和舟广告有限公司 北京市东城区东直门外大街 48 号东方银座 C 座 9G 邮政编码 : 100027 48 Dongzhimenwai Dajie Oriental Kenzo (Ginza Mall) Building C Room 9G, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100027 电话 : 010-8447 7002 传真 : 010-8447 6455 Guangzhou 上海和舟广告有限公司广州分公司 广州市越秀区麓苑路 42 号大院 2 号楼 610 房 邮政编码 : 510095 Room 610, No. 2 Building, Area 42, Lu Yuan Lu, Yuexiu District, -
Learning in Museums
ICOM-ITC 2014 Autumn Training Workshop Learning in Museums Oct. 27-Nov. 4, 2014 Beijing, China Table of Content Welcome Address......................................................................................1 Introduction to the Training Workshop.....................................................2 Profile of Lecturers....................................................................................3 Workshop Agenda.........................................................................12 Museum Visit......................................................................................15 Chinese Participants................................................................................27 International Participants........................................................................29 ICOM-ITC Staff......................................................................................31 Useful Information..................................................................................32 Contact Information................................................................................37 Welcome Address Dear lecturers, dear participants, First of all, we would like to welcome you on behalf of ICOM China and the Palace Museum. The proposal of establishing an ICOM International Training Centre for Museum Studies (ICOM-ITC) was put forward in the 22nd General Conference of ICOM in Shanghai in 2010. After three years of planning, ICOM-ITC was founded on July 1, 2013 in the Palace Museum. Up to now, ICOM-ITC has held two training -
Variety Show Gives Future Stars a Chance to Shine
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Wednesday, July 29, 2020 | 17 YOUTH Musician Xiao He (first from left) and friends perform live in the courtyard of Yong Foo Elite club in Shanghai on June 14, led by Zhang Ruishi (third from right), 90, who sings lullabies and children’s rhymes that she learned as a child. PHOTOS BY HE XIAOLU / FOR CHINA DAILY A time of rhyme Folk songs and nursery melodies provide a unique insight into culture and what has gone before, Chen Nan reports. t first utterance, they may not never completed primary school, but he says He, the former lead vocalist of Chi- “It’s a process of looking for a needle seem like cultural treasures. can still recall the folk songs and rhymes nese rock band Glamorous Pharmacy. in a haystack but it’s interesting and Harmless ditties, a part of he listened to and sang as a child. He has also written music for theatrical worthwhile,” he says. “Sometimes the growing up, to be discarded Recently, he was approached by a productions and movies. elderly people are very interested in me quickly.A However, nursery rhymes and group of musicians, who wanted to In 2016, he joined in a music program and they tell me lots of stories, but folk songs play an important but often learn to sing and record those songs. for children with special needs and was sometimes they turn my requests down. overlooked role in children’s develop- They invited Ni to perform in front of an inspired to search for more songs. -
Japanese Aggression in East Asia Introduction the League and Japan
ODUMUNC 2020 Issue Brief League of Nations Japanese Aggression in East Asia Ian Birdwell Graduate Program in International Studies Old Dominion University Introduction complete control. Later the incident would become known as the start of the Second World The League of Nations emerged out of the ashes War, but in 1937 hope remained that the scale of of the Great War, with the hope the new fighting could be restrained.2 collective security organization could keep a peace among its members, and prevent another Japanese aggression in China has three global conflict. This lofty ambition of keeping implications for world peace and the League of the peace framed all League actions. nations: • First, will the international community be able to act forthrightly to block or reverse Japanese efforts to take control of Chinese territory? • Second, can Japan be persuaded that the costs of aggression outweigh any potential gains, sufficiently that it is dissuaded from further attacks elsewhere in East Asia? • And third, will the League itself remain The Army of Japan prepared to attack Chinese guards on a relevant actor in world affairs, an the Marco Polo Bridge, 7 July 19371 organization with a future place in the world order, or will the world drift into The League was responsible for successful renewed war, and the League drift into negotiations to resolve several territorial irrelevance? disputes. There also were notable failures, most spectacularly the Mukden Incident involving Japan in China in 1931 and the Italian invasion The League and Japan of Abyssinia (Ethiopia today) in 1935. There is a tenuous history between the League In 1937, the Marco Polo (or Lugou) Bridge and Japan in East Asia, which first began in the Incident, a skirmish involving Japanese troops Mukden Incident of 1931. -
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the Battles of Shanghai and Nanking
Part 2 - The Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the Battles of Shanghai and Nanking The Battle of Shanghai: The true starting point of the war The Marco Polo Bridge Incident is usually considered to be the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War. There is no mistake that this incident served to trigger the Sino-Japanese conflict, but the incident itself was only a small skirmish—it cannot be called the start of a full-blown war. Consequently, it would be inaccurate to claim that the fighting at the Marco Polo Bridge "spread" to Shanghai. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Japanese Army sent three divisions from Japan and units of the Kwantung Army to northern China in the hopes of restraining the nonstop ceasefire violations of Chinese soldiers in the area. Japanese forces occupied Tianjin, but they did not advance beyond, or make any attempt to advance beyond, the city of Baoding, just southwest of Beijing. Furthermore, on August 5, the Japanese government made a landmark peace proposal with the Chinese and planned to hold its first meeting with Chinese leaders in September. Therefore, the Chinese Army's attack on Shanghai, carried out on August 13, can hardly be called a natural extension of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. Rather, the Chinese attack on Shanghai should be seen as a dramatic new crisis sparked by Chiang Kai-shek's determination to wage full-scale war against Japan. Rather than a clash of local units, an all-out, state-dictated military offensive constitutes “war” under international law. The existence of an official declaration of war is not the defining factor. -
Gateway Běijīng 北京
© Lonely Planet Publications 79 GATEWAY B Gateway Běijīng Ě IJ Ī 北京 NG In China, all roads and railways lead to Běijīng. There are flights to just about every domestic city of note, as well as air links to most major cities around the world. Unsurprisingly, many people choose to start or end their trip to China in the political and cultural capital, home to some of the country’s most essential sights. It’s here that you’ll find the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven, while close by is the Great Wall. Even if you’re only in the city for a couple of days, that’s enough time to get a taste of Běijīng. If you do decide to return, Lonely Planet’s Beijing city guide will point you in the right direction. A vast, sprawling city at first sight, Běijīng is actually a fairly easy place to get around. Five ring roads cut through the city, subway lines and overland rail links connect the centre to the far-flung suburbs, and buses and taxis are cheap and plentiful. Běijīng has some of the best restaurants in the country, a huge array of shops to stock up on essentials for your trip and an ever-improving selection of bars and nightlife. Short-term travellers should stay in the area bordered by the third ring road. Sānlǐtún in Cháoyáng District is home to embassies and a wide range of hotels, restaurants, shops and bars. To the west of Sānlǐtún is Dōngchéng District, the heart of old Běijīng with most of the city’s remaining hútòng – ancient alleyways that crisscross the area. -
Two-Phase Multivariate Time Series Clustering to Classify Urban Rail Transit Stations
Received July 31, 2020, accepted August 24, 2020, date of publication September 14, 2020, date of current version September 24, 2020. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3022625 Two-Phase Multivariate Time Series Clustering to Classify Urban Rail Transit Stations LIYING ZHANG 1,2, TAO PEI 2,3, BIN MENG4, YUANFENG LIAN1, AND ZHOU JIN1 1College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 2State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 3College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4College of Applied Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China Corresponding author: Tao Pei ([email protected]) This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41525004, Grant 41421001, Grant 41877523, and Grant 41671165; in part by the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System; and in part by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing, under Grant ZX20200100. ABSTRACT Consider the problem of clustering objects with temporally changing multivariate variables, for instance, in the classification of cities with several changing socioeconomic indices in geographical research. If the changing multivariate can be recorded simultaneously as a multivariate time series, in which the length of each subseries is equal and the subseries can be correlated, the problem is transformed into a multivariate time series clustering problem. The available methods consider the correlations between distinct time series but overlook the shape of each time series, which causes multivariate time series with similar correlations and opposite shapes to be clustered into the same class.