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Destruction of Chemical Weapons in Syria
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DESTRUCTION OF ChEMICAL WEAPONS IN SYRIA The author highlights the “unprecedented operation” carried out by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons which, together with the United Nations, has supervised this effort and international cooperation phase intended to take weapons of mass destruction out of Syria. KEY WORDS: CHEMICAL WEAPONS / SYRIA / TERRORISM / UNO / DESTRUCTION / CONFLICT / DEADLINE By Omar Locatelli ome historical facts On April 10, 2003, the Deputy Secretary for the Control Since the 1980’s Syria has been one of the of Armament and International Security, John Bolton, countries that supports terrorism according to said it was a great opportunity for Syria to get involved S the US Department of State. However, the Syrian in the elimination of Weapons of Mass Destruction that government states that they only allow for the opening was being carried out in the Middle East region taking of “press offices” of those radical organizations, mainly advantage of the alleged successful military operations of from Palestine, that call for resistance against the Israeli the United States in Iraq for their destruction. occupation of Palestine territories. The Syrian threat to use weapons of mass destruction After the 9/11 event, the United States have called Iraq, has always concerned the West. However, it was Iran and North Korea the “axis of evil” and said that they considered as a last resource destabilizing option until were responsible for the main terrorist actions in the civil war in Syria1 broke out in the regional context and in world carried out with the use of different types of actions the western interests. -
A Sketch of North Syrian Economic Relations in the Middle Bronze
A SKETCH OF NORTH SYRIAN ECONOMICRELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE * BY JACK M. SASSON (The University of North Carolina) Northern Syria of the Middle Bronze Age, as known chiefly from the archives of Mari and Alalah VII, slowly graduatedfrom moments of relative chaos (ca. 2I00-I850) to an age of political stability (ca. I850-I625). Under the able leadership of the Yamhadian dynasty, a feudal system of relationship created one entity out of the whole region.') The evidence at our disposal allows us even to imagine a political and economic Pax Yamhadianawhich, beginning before the fall of Mari, lasted until the rise of the Hittite State and the attacks of Hattusilis I (ca. 625). *) The word 'sketch' in the title is chosen for reasons of necessity. Except for brief illuminations from the 'Cappadocian' texts and those from Egypt, heavy reliance had to be placed on the Mari and Alalah VII documents, and then only when they show evidence of foreign interconnection. The archaeology of Middle Bronze (IIa) Syria, in which the Mari age unfolds, has not been very helpful, simply because not enough North Syrian sites of that age have been excavated. The reports from the 'Amuq region (phase L), 'Atsanah (levels XVI-VIII), testify to a wide- spread use of a painted ware rounded of form, narrow necked, buff, with simple geometric designs (cross-hatching in triangles) within bands (cf. Iraq, I5 (I953), 57-65; Chronologiesin Old WorldArchaeology, p. I72). The material from Ugarit of that age being yet mostly unpublished, one looks forwardto the reports of excavation at Tilmen-Hiiyik, which is probably the site of ancient Ibla (for now, see Orientalia 33 (1964) 503-507; AJA 68 (1964), I55-56; 70 (966), I47). -
B COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 36/2012 of 18
02012R0036 — EN — 30.05.2020 — 045.001 — 1 This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document ►B COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) No 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011 (OJ L 16, 19.1.2012, p. 1) Amended by: Official Journal No page date ►M1 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 55/2012 of 23 January L 19 6 24.1.2012 2012 ►M2 Council Regulation (EU) No 168/2012 of 27 February 2012 L 54 1 28.2.2012 ►M3 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 266/2012 of 23 March L 87 45 24.3.2012 2012 ►M4 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 410/2012 of 14 May 2012 L 126 3 15.5.2012 ►M5 Council Regulation (EU) No 509/2012 of 15 June 2012 L 156 10 16.6.2012 ►M6 Council Implementing Regulation 2012/544/CFSP of 25 June 2012 L 165 20 26.6.2012 ►M7 Council Regulation (EU) No 545/2012 of 25 June 2012 L 165 23 26.6.2012 ►M8 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 673/2012 of 23 July 2012 L 196 8 24.7.2012 ►M9 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 742/2012 of 16 August L 219 1 17.8.2012 2012 ►M10 Council Regulation (EU) No 867/2012 of 24 September 2012 L 257 1 25.9.2012 ►M11 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 944/2012 -
2.3 Syrian Arab Republic Road Network Syrian Arab Republic Road Network
2.3 Syrian Arab Republic Road Network Syrian Arab Republic Road Network Roads Overview The total distance of roads in Syria is 97,401 km 19,490 km is paved (including 1,103 km of expressways) and 77,911 km is unpaved. Mainroad conditions and in-country trucking capacity is good and there are sufficient transport companies to meet demand. However delays in receiving GoS approvals and tax exemptions for receiving food and non-food items is a concern and this may affect on-time deliveries. The annex 'Importance of Road Transport in Syria' includes tables that give a clear idea on the importance of roads network in Syria as back bone for the country and the numbers of vehicles operating on this network. Road Construction / Maintenance The transport sector in Syria is significant to the of government because importance to the economy. Syria's transport and communication networks have expanded rapidly over the past decade to keep pace with the fast-growing population. The road network, for example, has increased by 10% in the past five years, of which 70% is asphalted. The MSR is a divided, multi-lane highway along the Damascus – Homs – Hama – Aleppo corridor with the Mediterranean ports of Tartous and Lattakia, and with Jordan to the south and Lebanon to the west. The secondary roads are in generally excellent condition and additional road construction is underway to extend the major highway network to include a link from Lattakia to Aleppo. Highways and secondary roads have weight-load restrictions (bridge classifications exceed 60 Mt). Due to the presence of potential obstacles on the road, grazing livestock for example, and times of reduced visibility due to inclement weather or dust then speeds came be severely reduced. -
Intra State Conflict and Violence Against Civilians
Centre for Peace Studies (CPS) Intra State Conflict and Violence Against Civilians A Study of the Syrian Civil War and the Violence Committed by the Assad Regime Against the Syrian People — Jo Myhren Rosseland Master’s thesis in Peace and Conflict Transformation… May 2017 Intra State Conflict and Violence against Civilians - A Study of the Syrian Civil War and the Violence committed by the Assad Regime against the Syrian Population. *** By Jo Myhren Rosseland Peace and Conflict Transformation 2016-2017 I Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 AIMS AND QUESTION OF STUDY 3 1.2 RELEVANCE TO PEACE AND CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND MOTIVATION 4 1.3 THESIS OUTLINE 6 2 METHODS AND SOURCES 7 2.1 CASE STUDY 8 2.2 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY 10 2.3 SCENARIO ANALYSIS AND PROCESS TRACING 10 3 THEORY AND CONTEXT 14 3.1 CONFLICT AND CONFLICT THEORY 14 3.2 CIVILIANS IN WARZONES 18 3.3 CONTEXT 20 3.4 WAR IN THE 21ST CENTURY 21 3.5 INTRA-STATE WAR 23 3.6 SYRIA AND THE ARAB SPRING 24 3.7 ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF SYRIA AND SECTARIANISM 26 4 EMPIRICAL CASE STUDY 27 PHASES OF THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR AND ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS 30 4.1 I. DISPERSED CIVIL REVOLT - MARCH 28TH – MEDIO JUNE, 2011 31 RATIONALE 32 ACTOR TYPES 33 STRATEGIES AND TACTICS 34 RELEVANT MILITARY CAPABILITIES 34 OUTCOME 36 4.2 II. COUNTRY-WIDE CIVIL REVOLT - JUNE 2011 – MARCH 2012 37 RATIONALE 37 STRATEGIES AND TACTICS 38 RELEVANT MILITARY CAPABILITIES 39 OUTCOME 40 4.3 III. FULLY FLEDGED CIVIL WAR - MARCH 2012 – NOVEMBER 2013 40 RATIONALE 40 STRATEGIES AND TACTICS 40 RELEVANT MILITARY CAPABILITIES 42 OUTCOME 43 4.4 IV. -
Rebuilding the City of Aleppo: Do the Syrian Authorities Have a Plan?
Rebuilding the City of Aleppo: Do the Syrian Authorities Have a Plan? Myriam Ferrier Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) Research Project Report 19 March 2020 2020/05 © European University Institute 2020 Content and individual chapters © Myriam Ferrier, 2020 This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to [email protected]. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Middle East Directions Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Project Report RSCAS/Middle East Directions 2020/05 19 March 2020 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu Rebuilding the City of Aleppo: Do the Syrian Authorities Have a Plan? Myriam Ferrier* * Myriam Ferrier is a research contributor working on the Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria project (WPCS) within the Middle East Directions Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence. She holds two master’s degrees in middle eastern politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and from Science-Po Paris. Her research focuses on housing and land property (HLP) issues in Syria. -
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & The Exuberance of Mamluk Design Tarek A. El-Akkad Dipòsit Legal: B. 17657-2013 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del s eu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. -
Syria Page 1 of 22 CONSOLIDATED LIST of FINANCIAL SANCTIONS T
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Page 1 of 22 CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:27/07/2018 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Syria INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: ABBAS 1: AMJAD 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. a.k.a: AL-ABBAS, Amjad Position: Head of Political Security in Banyas Listed on: 10/05/2011 Last Updated: 04/07/2018 Group ID: 11912. 2. Name 6: ABBAS 1: FAYSSAL 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Dr DOB: --/--/1955. POB: Hama Province a.k.a: ABBAS, Faysal Other Information: Former Minister for Transport Listed on: 28/02/2012 Last Updated: 31/05/2013 Group ID: 12510. 3. Name 6: ABBAS 1: GHASSAN 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Brigadier General DOB: 10/03/1960. POB: Homs Address: CERS, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherche de Kaboun Barzar Street, PO Box 4470, Damascus. Position: Manager of the branch of Syrian Scientific Studies and research Centre (SSRCC/CERS) near Jumraya/Jmraiya Other Information: CERS is also known as SSRC, Scientific Studies and Research Center. Listed on: 09/03/2015 Last Updated: 01/10/2016 Group ID: 13229. 4. Name 6: ABDALLAH 1: KHALAF 2: SOULEYMANE 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: --/--/1960. POB: Deir ez-Zor a.k.a: AL- ABDULLAH, Khalaf, Sleiman Other Information: Former Minister of Labour Listed on: 22/10/2014 Last Updated: 07/06/2017 Group ID: 13155. -
The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara
The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara A Thesis Submitted to Cynthia Nelson Institute for Gender and Women’s Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender and Women’s Studies in Middle East/ North Africa Kenza Yousfi Committee members: Dr. Martina Rieker, IGWS, AUC Dr. Hanan Sabea, SAPE, AUC Dr. Nizar Messari, SHSS, AUI May/2015 . Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the people who have supported me all the way through the stress, confusion, and passion that enabled me to write. I thank my committee members: Martina, Hanan, and Nizar, for their intellectual engagement and the political horizons they have opened to me throughout the past few years. My friends around the globe, I hope that reading these pages compensate you with the hours of counseling and listening you had to lead me through. Only you could understand my craziness. My family, although very far from sharing any political ideas, I must be thankful for your encouragement and concern of safety even when you did not know where in the world I was. I thank all the Saharawis who wanted to help by all means while I was in the camps. Many thanks for the NUSW for coordinating my stay and providing me with the logistics, and to the family that hosted me like a family member, not a stranger. I owe a particular debt to one person who shall remain unnamed for his own safety, who made my access to the Saharawi camps possible, and who showed a concern about my research and safety. -
Page 1 Sur 53 TEXTE Consolidé: 32013D0255 — FR — 19.03.2018
TEXTE consolidé: 32013D0255 — FR — 19.03.2018 Page 1 sur 53 02013D0255 — FR — 19.03.2018 — 025.001 Ce texte constitue seulement un outil de documentation et n’a aucun effet juridique. Les institutions de l'Union déclinent toute responsabilité quant à son contenu. Les versions faisant foi des actes concernés, y compris leurs préambules, sont celles qui ont été publiées au Journal officiel de l’Union européenne et sont disponibles sur EUR-Lex. Ces textes officiels peuvent être consultés directement en cliquant sur les liens qui figurent dans ce document ►B►B►B DÉCISION 2013/255/PESC DU CONSEIL du 31 mai 2013 concernant des mesures restrictives à l'encontre de la Syrie (JO L 147 du 1.6.2013, p. 14) Modifié par: Journal officiel n° page date ►M1 ►M1►M1 DÉCISION 2013/760/PESC DU CONSEIL du 13 décembre 2013 L 335 50 14.12.2013 M2 M2 M2 DÉCISION 2014/74/PESC DU CONSEIL du 10 février 2014 L 40 63 11.2.2014 ►M3►M3►M3 DÉCISION 2014/309/PESC DU CONSEIL du 28 mai 2014 L 160 37 29.5.2014 ►M4 ►M4►M4 DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION 2014/387/PESC DU CONSEIL du 23 juin L 183 72 24.6.2014 2014 ►M5►M5►M5 DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION 2014/488/PESC DU CONSEIL du 22 juillet L 217 49 23.7.2014 2014 ►M6►M6►M6 DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION 2014/678/PESC DU CONSEIL du 26 L 283 59 27.9.2014 septembre 2014 ►M7 ►M7►M7 DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION 2014/730/PESC DU CONSEIL du 20 L 301 36 21.10.2014 octobre 2014 ►M8►M8►M8 DÉCISION 2014/901/PESC DU CONSEIL du 12 décembre 2014 L 358 28 13.12.2014 ►M9 ►M9►M9 DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION (PESC) 2015/117 DU CONSEIL du 26 L 20 85 27.1.2015 janvier 2015 ►M10►M10►M10 -
Research Archives Acquisitions List - September 2019
Research Archives Acquisitions List - September 2019 Journals 1 American Journal of Archaeology, 2nd series 123:2 (2019) J/AJA/123:2 2 American Journal of Archaeology, 2nd series 123:3 (2019) J/AJA/123:3 3 Archaeology 72:3 (2019) J/ARC/72:3 4 Archaeology 72:4 (2019) J/ARC/72:4 5 Bulletin de la Société Française d'Egyptologie 200 (2019) J/BSFE/200 6 Kelsey Museum of Archaeology Newsletter 2019:Spring (2019) J/KMAN/2019:Spring 7 Libyan Studies 49 (2018) J/SLS/49 8 Maarav 23:1 (2019) J/MAA/23:1 9 Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 114:3 (2019) J/OLZ/114:3 10 Origini 42 (2018) J/ORI/42 11 Palestine Exploration Quarterly 151:2 (2019) J/PEQ/151:2 12 Revue de Qumran 31:1 (113) (2019) J/RQ/31:1 (113) 13 Saudi Aramco World 70:5 (2019) J/AWM/70:5 14 The Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities Newsletter 2019:3 (2019) J/SSEAN/2019:3 15 The University of Chicago Magazine 111:4 (2019) J/CHICAGO/111:4 16 Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 109:1 (2019) J/ZA/109:1 Monographs, Pamphlets, and Series 17 Konrad Miller. Weltkarte des Arabers Idrisi vom Jahre 1154. Stuttgart: Brockhaus/Antiquarium, 1981. Folio: Miller 01/24/2020 Page 1 of 9 18 Maria Abunassr. AUB and Ras Beirut in 150 Years of Photographs. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 2018. MON: Abunassr 19 Elizabeth Stone (ed.). Settlement and Society. Essays Dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams. Ideas, Debates and Perspectives 3. Los Angeles, Chicago: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, The Oriental Institute, 2007. -
B COUNCIL DECISION 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 Concerning Restrictive Measures Against Syria (OJ L 147, 1.6.2013, P
02013D0255 — EN — 27.09.2017 — 023.001 — 1 This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document ►B COUNCIL DECISION 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures against Syria (OJ L 147, 1.6.2013, p. 14) Amended by: Official Journal No page date ►M1 Council Decision 2013/760/CFSP of 13 December 2013 L 335 50 14.12.2013 ►M2 Council Decision 2014/74/CFSP of 10 February 2014 L 40 63 11.2.2014 ►M3 Council Decision 2014/309/CFSP of 28 May 2014 L 160 37 29.5.2014 ►M4 Council Implementing Decision 2014/387/CFSP of 23 June 2014 L 183 72 24.6.2014 ►M5 Council Implementing Decision 2014/488/CFSP of 22 July 2014 L 217 49 23.7.2014 ►M6 Council Implementing Decision 2014/678/CFSP of 26 September 2014 L 283 59 27.9.2014 ►M7 Council Implementing Decision 2014/730/CFSP of 20 October 2014 L 301 36 21.10.2014 ►M8 Council Decision 2014/901/CFSP of 12 December 2014 L 358 28 13.12.2014 ►M9 Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2015/117 of 26 January 2015 L 20 85 27.1.2015 ►M10 Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2015/383 of 6 March 2015 L 64 41 7.3.2015 ►M11 Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2015/784 of 19 May 2015 L 124 13 20.5.2015 ►M12 Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/837 of 28 May 2015 L 132 82 29.5.2015