Kenneth Hayes: Invasive Ampullariidae (Apple Snails)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
d’Orbigny 1935 "On a global basis...the two great destroyers of biodiversity are, first habitat destruction and, second, invasion by exotic species” - E.O. Wilson Invasive Ampullariidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) National Plant Diagnostic Network Malacology Workshop UC Davis 16-18 June 2015 Kenneth A. Hayes Howard University, Department of Biology Washington, DC What are Apple Snails? Freshwater snails in the family Ampullariidae 117 3 3 7 3 30 21 1 2 Pomacea Marisa Felipponea Asolene Pomella Pila Lanistes Afropomus Saulea Berthold 1991; Bieler 1993; Cowie & Thiengo 2003; Hayes et al. 2009, 2014 Invasion Biology • Introduced around the world – Aquaculture and aquarium trade – SE Asia, Spain, USA, Iran, Russia, Pacific Islands, Africa, India – Major pest of rice and other aquatic crops – Major environmental pest Disease Ecology and Public Health Angiostrongylus cantonensis A. cantonensis in rat brain Lv. et al. 2011 Jaynee R. Kim, Kenneth A. Hayes, Norine W. Yeung and Robert H. Cowie Photo: Camila Krug Graeff-Teixeira et al 2009 Norine W. Yeung, Kenneth A. Hayes, and Robert H. Cowie Invasive Apple Snails – Pila sp. – Pila dolioides – Pomacea sp. – Pomacea canaliculata – Pomacea lineata – Pomacea cuprina – Pomacea gigas – Pomacea insularum – Pomacea insularis – Pomacea insularus − Pomacea scalaris − Pomacea bridgesii − Pomacea diffusa − Pomacea cuprina − Pomacea haustrum − Pomacea paludosa − Ampullarius sp. − Ampullarium canaliculata − Ampullaria cuprina − Ampullaria levior − Ampullarium insularum Agricultural Damage Number 1 Rice Pest in SE Asia Number 1 Taro Pest in Hawaii Damage • Alteration of ecosystems – Near complete removal of aquatic vegetation – Competition with native herbivores – Consumption of native snails and invertebrates • Trophic shifts – Macrophyte dominated to phytoplankton dominated • Declining biodiversity and ecosystem stability Aditya & Raut 2002; Carlsson et al. 2004; Carlsson & Lacoursiere 2005; Wood et al. 2005; Carlsson & Bronmark 2006 Systematic Confusion “The relationships of the numerous species described, remains, however, in a state of hopeless confusion” Pain 1960 “The limits among species are exclusively based on personal opinions that are seldom transmissible: the species is in the eye of the expert” Cazzaniga 2002 Old World Phylogenetics • 5 loci (2 mtDNA, 3 nDNA) • >1500 snails • 51 New World species • 13 Old World species • >2500 Sequences New World • Integrative taxonomy – Molecules – Morphology – Ecology – Biogeography Hayes et al. 2009; Hayes 2009 Pomacea diffusa Asolene spixii Marisa cornuarietis NOT bridgesii Planorbella sp. Biompholaria sp. Marisa cornuarietis Pomacea canaliculata Pomacea maculata USA Rice Growing States Figure 2. Present populations of the island apple snail, Pomacea insularum, and its occupiable area. Byers JE, McDowell WG, Dodd SR, Haynie RS, Pintor LM, et al. (2013) Climate and pH Predict the Potential Range of the Invasive Apple Snail (Pomacea insularum) in the Southeastern United States. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56812. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056812 http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056812 Systematic Revision of Ampullariidae Pomacea maculata and P. canaliculata ≤ 2 mm ≥ 3 mm Hayes et al. 2012 Lung and Siphon Lung Gill Long L Short Medium Ct Asolene Marisa Pomacea Hayes et al. 2012 Hayes et al. 2012 P. maculata P. canaliculata Hayes et al. 2012 Reproductive Anatomy Modified from Gamarra-Luques et al. 2006 and Ghesquiere, 2005 Reproductive Anatomy P. P. maculata canaliculata Hayes et al. 2012 Reproductive Anatomy S.A. Ghesquiere – applesnail.net Hayes et al. 2012 Eggs P. maculata P. canaliculata ≥ 3 mm ≤ 2 mm Mean clutch size ~260 eggs Mean clutch size ~1600 eggs Hayes et al. 2012 Egg Morphology Oviposition Location Hayes et al. 2009, 2015 Reproductive Anatomy Copulatory apparatus Penis & Sheath Gamarra-Luques et al. 2006 Ghesquiere Hayes et al. 2009; Hayes 2009; Hayes et al. 2012 Molecular Systematics P. maculata Pomacea canaliculata Pomacea maculata Rawlings, Hayes, Cowie & Collins, 2007 Cowie, Hayes, Tran & Levin, 2007. Hayes, Joshi, Thiengo & Cowie, 2008 Tran, Hayes & Cowie, 2008. Malacologia In Reality Pomacea paludosa Hayes et al. In Prep Silvana Thiengo Acknowledgments María Virginia De La Hoz Aline Mattos Francisco J. Borreo Sonia Barbosa dos Santos André Favaretto Barbosa Aline Schilithz Pablo Coelho Monica Fernandez José & Suzana Almato Wellington Costa Maria E. Diupotex-Chong Alfredo Castro-Vazquez Néstor Cazzaniga Ricardo San Martin Helena Fortunato Fábio Faraco Dr. W. Lobato Paraense Francisco Feitosa Dr. Lygia Corrêa Luiz Jorge Pinheiro Dick Hoenisch Romi Burks Jean-Pierre Pointier National Plant Diagnostic Network Roland Schultheiß Tim Rawlings Christian Albrecht David Robinson Tim Collins Philippe Bouchet Suzete Gomes Ravi Joshi John Slapcinsky Rob Cowie Ellen Strong Norine Yeung Jaynee Kim Gary Rosenberg Bob Howells Marty Meyer Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Thank You Pomacea canaliculata.