A vision for the Parco Agricolo

Community-based vision for the Parco Agricolo di Casal del Marmo.

by OSMOS Network Adrian Vickery Hill & Stephan Kampelmann

11.01.2016 Snapshot of the site

- 2 - What does it mean for an urban economy to be “green”? And what is the role of public authorities in “greening” their economies? This report takes a new look at these questions by exploring what local economies would look like if they were built around specific places and their communities.

Genesis of the project sheep. However, most of the Parco was left fal- low after real estate speculation progressively The material in this report draws on exten- crowded out agricultural uses since the 1970s sive research that brought together scholars (Suchiarelli 2002). The Parco is surrounded by from different academic disciplines with ter- a partially abandoned complex of buildings ritorial authorities from Rome, Brussels and that was a mental hospital until around twenty London around innovative projects aiming years ago and of which the main one is cur- at local economic transitions. The research rently used by public administrations as offic- team worked hand in hand with a local ac- es. The vicinity is further marked by a hospital tion group led by the council of the Municio and several peripheral neighbourhoods of the Roma XIV and BIC Lazio. The work was part city of Rome. Around one fourth of the area of the TURAS programme, a research consor- is owned by public authorities, the rest is split tium exploring the transition towards urban between various private and ecclesiastical “lat- resilience and sustainability through action ifundistas” and a commercial bank. The entire research in 12 cities and regions across Eu- area has been earmarked as “collective interest rope. This report is based on the TURAS work area” (Bollettino Ufficiale della Regione Lazio package on governance and economic resil- 2014) and in land use planning as “agricultur- ience. Here we present the outcomes of a 3 day al park” (Art 70 Piano Regolatore Generale di workshop that occurred on the 18th - 20th of Roma 2008); a political decision that translat- June, 2015. The material in this report shows ed into a considerable financial loss for land- both the process and the results of this work- owners willing to develop the land. shop. The intention is that the work and con- clusions offer the first steps for transitioning In October 2014, the TURAS research group the site into a community-based system. was approached by the regional public busi- ness innovation agency (BIC Lazio) and the local municipality (Municipio Roma XIV) The Site & Context to consider the Parco Agricolo in the context of the TURAS project, a European research The “Parco Agricolo Casal del Marmo” is a project on sustainable and resilient cities. The 400 ha site situated in the Northwest of Rome. situation faced with can be considered to be It bears deep layers of topsoil that have been wicked problem. Firstly the problem state- cultivated over millenia - the soil is referred to ment was ill-formulated since it was unclear as “agro romano” and lies in the heartland of what the actual task or question was that we Roman civilisation. Some of this historical leg- were supposed to examine. Then informa- acy is exploited since the 1980s by a coopera- tion was confusing because the local actors tive and a small area serves as pasture for local possessed so many layers of often incommen-

- 3 - Workshop, day 1

- 4 - surate knowledge about the site, including in order to help creating a future for the Parco. outputs of previous participatory planning actions for the site (Associazione Parco Ag- ricolo di Casal del Marmo 2012). There were The three-day participatory workshop likewise many clients and decision makers with conflicting values. TURAS was asked to In this section we describe how we applied work with local and regional agencies with the curatorial cycle to the “wicked problem” different agendas and interests in the site and we faced at the Parco. The first action was to also had to consider a wide range of other create a curatorial situation. We achieved this private stakeholders such as the landowners. by suggesting to the local authorities that the Part of the local business community and civil complexities of the Parco’s development could society has also (potential) interest in the de- be addressed by compressing a large variety velopment of the Parco. Finally the ramifica- of viewpoints and forms of knowledge in time tions of a project at such a large scale within and space, a compression that took the form the political and economic hub of the city of of a three-day, on-site, hands-on workshop Rome, with implications for social and natural with around 60 participants from the area that systems at different scales, struck us as truly was organised in June 2015. Due to high lev- perplexing - or wicked. A decision was made el of uncertainties regarding the unfolding of to frame the situation as a wicked problem the workshop, we structured it as flexible as and apply the above mentioned principles of possible; its programme consisted of blocks of the curatorial approach to system transitions

The Curatorial Method

PROCESS CURATORIAL 1 INTENTION Defining Framing focus area

Dividing focus area 2 Channeling into themes

Engaging Exploring 3 through actions signification

Redefining 4 Rechanelling themes

Reviewing the Reframing focus area 5 6 Documenting Positioning

A B C

- 5 - Workshop, day 2

- 6 - presentations followed by practical workshops Instead of neutrally referring to the aim of the whose content and sequence could be rear- project as “finding a sustainable future for the ranged in real-time. The overall architecture Parco Agricolo”, we clearly stated in all com- of the workshop, however, was structured in munications that the purpose of the workshop form of the six steps of the curatorial approach was to “create a community-based food sys- presented above. During the three-day work- tem” of which the Parco was to be the heart. shop we completed two full cycles: after finish- This reflected our intention and values in fa- ing Step 5 in the morning of Day 2, we started vour of a more localised food economy and again with Step 1. the importance we attach to community-based development. Step 1. Framing Step 2. Channeling We then further framed the workshop ex- Step 3. Engage via signification perience through a mix of visual artefacts, Step 4. Rechanneling physical exposure and presentations. For in- Step 5. Reframing stance, we prepared and exhibited on the site Step 6. Positioning of the Parco a series of large photos and de- scriptions of community-based food projects from different contexts across the globe, thus Step 1. Framing. providing references, even if indirect, to other experiences we wanted to incorporate into the Our working definition of the overall problem narrative for the Parco. Day 1 also included a area of the Parco embraced a non-neutral and guided walk around the site that heavily em- political stance: we decided to engage with the phasised current and potential agricultural local stakeholders and the site in order to help use of the Parco. This was followed by short co-constructing a meaningful vision. During impulse presentations that again focused on the initial conversations with the municipali- community-supported food projects in other ty and regional representatives, a meaningful cities. These presentations were given by five narrative first arose as an opposition to the individuals from different European countries mainstream of developing peripheral land for that we selected on the grounds of their exper- housing. Indeed, land such as the one at the tise related to community-based food systems. Parco is exposed to strong economic pressure Finally, the workshop gave reason to collect a from the housing market, which tends to turn vast amount of background data, reports and arable plots in peripheral locations of met- maps on the project. We curated this material ropolitan areas into allotments of suburban by emphasising references to the potential of dwellings for commuters - in fact most of the the site as a hub for a community-based food surrounding areas of the Parco went down this system and made this material available prior path. We wanted to promote a positive vision and during the workshop. that would suggest to the local and regional decision makers that the Parco could play a Neither during the first cycle on Day 1 nor completely different role in the urban system. during the second cycle on Day 2 the over- We will not argue in this paper whether our all vision of working towards a “communi- vision is sensible on scientific, political, moral ty-based food system” was contested. It was or any other terms, but rather show how we clear from the plenary presentation in the incorporated it in our curatorial approach. morning of Day 2 that most participants had While the representatives of the local munic- already come to the workshop with similar ipality shared our non-neutral assessment narratives (for instance in terms of “kilometro from the beginning, we further curated the zero” initiatives popular in Italy) or had adopt- narrative to help narrow the problem area. ed elements of the curatorial vision during the first cycle.

- 7 - Workshop, day 3

- 8 - Step 2. Channelling. tor”. In addition, the research team (curators) assigned an international mentor to each Moving from the whole to the particular was group with the intention to provide referenc- achieved by channeling participants and con- es to community-based food systems at the versations into a limited set of themes: Steps sub-system level. The coordinators/facilita- 2-4 thus took place within thematic groups tors were then handed over a detailed script composed of 10-15 participants. Upon reg- including the objectives and suggested ways istration on Day 1, all participants were al- to reach them. However, coordinators, facili- located to one or several of five color-coded tators and international mentors had all been themes. This allocation was based on the mu- selected for their knowledge on a particular nicipality’s assessment of each participant’s theme and not for their capacity of taking knowledge, interests and professional training. the group through the challenging oscillation This being said, participants were free to affili- between the whole and the particular. This ate and follow other themes as well (and many decision was based on our (overly optimistic) did). assumption that they would be able and will- ing to guide their groups towards reaching the The themes were similar to the “principles of different objectives; with hindsight it is clear relevance” that designers identify when ad- that the designated leadership in each group dressing wicked problems (Buchanan 1992) was tilted towards specialised knowledge and made reference to specialised disciplines rather than embracing a systems approach, in the arts and sciences and included agricul- which created minor tensions in at least one ture, urban integration, landscape, energy and group regarding the usefulness of the work- resources, and economy. These themes were shop methodology. This being said, all groups set prior to the workshop by the research team worked towards the general objective of a “sys- and representatives from the municipality in tem vision”. order to save time and ongoing discussion during the workshop, but also allowed a tar- We think that the act of actually drawing a geted recruitment of participants. It further system, even a simple system (IE how a car- allowed the collection of specific background rot travels from farm to fork) was enough material for each theme. to create a common vocabulary to help avoid certain actors from participating in In the logic of framing the workshop as the map-making process. We observed that co-creating a vision for a community-based groups that did not start to draw a visual rep- food system, each theme was framed as a “sub- resentation of “their” system either struggled system”. During Step 2, the groups formed by to structure their ideas and lost time talking each theme were given a set of clear objectives abstractly or otherwise resorted to a commu- and tools that aimed at developing systematic nication language that fit the predominant thinking within the group, including interme- vocation, therefore leading to a partial analy- diate objectives such as “understanding system sis (such as schematic design drawings for the analysis”, “understanding system maps”, “iden- landscape group). The workshop confirmed tifying the elements of the system” etc. While that people are rarely trained to think in sys- the themes were somewhat elaborated for the tems and will clutter down and focus on their teams, it was expected that the team validated specialisation if left to their own accord. The or redefined them as they saw it. basic concept of systems thinking proved to be quite didactic and helped individuals to clutter Group leadership turned out to be a big chal- up and express their knowledge in a way that lenge. The municipality had identified two would be commensurate with other conversa- knowledgeable individuals for each group and tions. assigned them as “coordinator” and “facilita-

- 9 - Presentation 1

- 10 - We felt that Step 3 was extremely valuable for Step 3. Engaging through signification. the entire workshop process and featured deep conversations about actions that are too often Step 3 is pivotal in our framework as it strives missing from other participatory approaches to create situations in which all three curatori- to planning. The diversity of situated conver- al aspects come into play. Step 3 further splits sations also rendered the work on each theme the thematic groups into more specific issues more resilient: while not all conversations and groups of 2-4 individuals that would be made equal progress, having many of them si- most likely to lead to meaningful exchange on multaneously on each theme ensured that the a personal level (aspect of meaning). Second, groups could build on a diverse mix of crea- these more intimate conversations would span tive, constructive, visionary, and realistic con- a broader and deeper spectrum of human versations. Also, as the team members could communication, and participants were en- freely engage with other groups, cross-pollina- couraged to walk around the site so as to sit- tion of ideas allowed both collaboration and uate Step 3 in the landscape (multiple ways of competition and propelled the groups for- knowing and rooting that ‘knowing’ in mean- ward. ing). Third, the conversations were framed as a mid-point of the cycle whole-particular-whole (elements within a whole). Step 4. Rechannelling.

The precise content of the conversations in Step 4 is the last step at theme-level and serves Step 3 was to some extent left to the groups to redefine or update the results of Step 2. We to define, as long as these conversations were set the objective of this step as identifying oriented towards creating a vision for the the- the action areas with the highest leverage for matic sub-system that could be later incor- transitioning the Parco’s system in the desired porated into the vision for the whole system. direction. For this purpose, overlapping con- On Day 1 most conversations focused on the versations could be merged and irrelevant or values or overall objective that the develop- conflicting ones discussed and discarded. ment of the Parco should pursue, therefore touching not only on analytic but also on per- Step 4 was instrumental as a bridge between sonal and emotional aspects that are difficult the personal conversations of Step 3 and the to discuss in larger groups. The conversations plenary presentation in Step 5. We believe that on Day 2 were directed at exploring and defin- the symmetric nature of the curatorial cycle ing concrete actions for transitioning towards allowed to keep the group-level discussions the overall vision established in Step 5 of the relevant and constructive: results from the first cycle. Discussing specific interventions in personal conversations were presented as con- personal conversations proved to be instru- tributions to the thematic objectives as well as mental for keeping discussions relevant and in the context and language of the framework interesting while also fostering commitment that the group defined together prior to split- and tangible steps towards implementation, as ting. This meant that members of the group most conversations involved specific actions perceived themselves as “playing for the same that individuals wanted to be and could feel team” without excluding the psychologically personally involved in. rewarding sensation of proposing a particular- ly creative or useful individual contribution.

- 11 - Presentation 2

- 12 - Step 5. Reframing. Step 6. Positioning.

This step is intended to bring all thematic The Figures 5.1-5.6 (above) shows the range groups back to the system level and allowed of ideas developed within the groups. This is to assess to what extent the agricultural, ur- only a sample of the output however shows banistic, landscape, energy and economic the diversity of the material developed by the subsystems fit together to form a whole: we participants and how they represented their like to think of Step 5 as an “assembly” of both ideation process. The groups were asked to people and knowledge. At the Parco work- included 3-5 ‘action areas’ based on the most shop this took the form of a plenary session in significant priorities - many of these were which a collage of visual material (including those explored during Step 3. The compi- vision drawings and subsystem maps) was ex- lation of all of these diagrams helped define hibited as a backdrop. Representatives of each overlaps and the main leverage points for the thematic group presented in turn the main project as a whole. In this case one of the outcomes of Steps 2-4 to the plenary, again in main conclusions from the workshop was that an atmosphere of “playing for the same team” an independent organisation, we refer to as a since the thematic work was framed as spe- ‘community interest company’, was necessary cialised contributions towards the overall vi- to represent the vision, drive and negotiate sion for the Parco. change.

At the end of the first cycle, Step 5 naturally produced a rather heteroclite collage of ideas, concepts, propositions and partial visions. But presenting these elements side-by-side as a first step towards a more coherent vision nev- ertheless created the impression of an ensem- ble. It also provided material for fertile inter- actions between the thematic groups since we observed that many substantial and procedur- al achievements of Day 1 appeared in the work of other groups in Day 2. On any account, we believe that the presentation of the results as a collage fostered a deep sense of ownership for both the partial results and the vision for the whole. Already after the first cycle many par- ticipants referred to the process as “our meth- od” and the research team’s main achievement as “having brought us all together so that we can work this out”. Since we were able to go twice through the curatorial cycle, Step 5 was again followed by Step 1. At the end of the three-day workshop, we proceeded to Step 6 which positions the workshop output through different elements of documentation that are presented in the next section.

- 13 - The Governance System

- 14 - Governance systems map e European dg Union National le BIC Lazio government ow - Regione Lazio n Lazio Region A K Ospedale d (ASL Roma E) m (Hospital - San Filippo Neri) Citta in Metropolitana is tr Universita at Sacro Cuore io Comune n Local NGO’s di Roma + organisations

Municipio XIV Monte Mario

Massara MUNICIPIO Family XIV Massara P u School b l i c

i n

s t i t i Unicredit o n

l s

a Prison t i p

a

C Public-Private Catholic Community Church Interest Company

(CIC) Tourists (largely Vittorini Vittorini Rome)

Familiy

C

o Local m residents

(surrounding m

area) u

n

i

t Alternative y retail channels Family (including gardeners GAS)

Local weekly

markets

n

o

i

t Young farmers u

b

i

r and start-ups

t

s

i

d

(Cooperativa

d Local markets

o Farmers

o coraggio) F and retail points cooperatives +

entrepreneurs

(CoBrAgOr)P r

o

d

Local u

c

e

Artisanal + commercial r OVERVIEW restaurants s

Tourism operators, processing of local produce

e Parco involves a vast number of actors, guides + events

s s e n i s B issues and conditions with a limited by u more specic objectives. complex regulations and an overarching At present there is a problem between those vision. To simplify this process and to that have the greatest interest and those that provide an eye over the activities occurring have the greatest power (this includes those on the site, a development agency is such as national and EU level government) proposed. is agency is intended to Firstly there are the businesses that produce that have power through funding. minimise processing time, improve develop- Knowledge is about agricultural knowledge the food: cooperatives, kitchens processing e CIC can act as an go-between, between ment opportunities and help stimulate as much as it is about innovation. food, and innovators that are exploring new government policy objectives and the community activities. e CIC can connect organisations that have forms of agriculture. Secondly the typical potential of the site. It can also help engage knowledge and those that need it. e development agency is intended to speed markets for the products developed on the with government institutions such as the up processes, yet act in the public interest site that range from retailers to distributors schools and the prison. while avoiding a public cost. erefore the Capital in the Parco involves two groups: the or even restaurants. Finally there are the agency is intended to be a public-private land owners and nanciers. By chance, operators that are developing tourism e community involves two groups. Firstly partnership or a ‘Community Interest Unicredit is both. projects such as tours, bike hire, festivals and those that are actively involved with the site - Company’ (CIC). Both land owners and nanciers will have so on. family gardeners - who’s business is not of a e CIC acts as a link between relevant much to gain from agricultural and e CIC can help initiate possible businesses commercial nature. Secondly those that are stakeholders and brings them together when community focused projects however will oportunities or help accommodate those that informally involved with the site - both local relevant. It includes a board of directors that need to create the appropriate conditions for would like to invest on the site. residents that may like to use the site as a park represent the main community interests it to happen. or tourists that have an interest in the dened in the vision for the Parco. It has e CIC can act as a go-between, between agriculture and food. three main roles: Administration involves both the various those that have ideas or initiatives and those levels of government - from the Municipality e CIC can help to coordinate between the 1/ Dene what is possible based on existing that have land or cash. to the European Union. Furthermore there gardeners and the land owners and create regulations and the vision of the site. are also public institutions that are events to attract both local and tourist 2/ Help stimulate action and projects. ere are three types of business identied. associated with government however have visitors. 3/ Help bring the community together. IL PARCO AGRICOLO DI CASAL DEL MARMO - 15 - The urbanism system

- 16 - Urbanism systems map

Ideas + knowledge Food makers Accessible creation + consumers land Academics + teachers Planting + agriculture Agriculture technology Researchers Places for Researchers experimentation Farmer + Building Festivals + gardener Flexible events concerts + construction Agriculture spaces Academics + buildings teachers Agri-tourists

Neighbourhood events Agriculture Museum + exhbition space technology i General Talks Information + community CoBrAgOr Santa Maria help centre etc. de la Pietà

Crèche / childcare Accommodation space Restaurants + cafes facilities for visitors Health arning Santa Maria Hospital Le facilities C de la Pietà Knowledge rt u sharing o lt p u p r u e Agri-tourists Santa Maria de la Pietà Casal del Marmo General

Health Childcare S community (local + international)

E

n

c

o

k

u

r Rest space n

Santa Maria de la Pietà o Open spaces

t

e

W

Agri-tourists r (local + international) General s community Notice boards + signage G Cafes Casal del Marmo ateways Santa Maria de la Pietà Pathways Agri-tourism Physical access Food processing + consumption CoBrAgOr CoBrAgOr etc. etc. General community Agricultural Sports + fitness work Santa Maria de la Pietà Torre dell’ (main entry) Commuters Shop spaces Internet acqua Fitness

Connect with People biodiversity Cafes + young + restaurants Schools: primaria, old Spaces to materna + superior Hospital Other new process local smaller entry food points Play OVERVIEW Engaging - creating interest Physical paths

e urbanism strategy looks at the socio-cul- Learning is always an important way to create tural functions necessary to support the engagement. Hands on learning is very Newspaper TV Parco. e site contains a number of interview Radio New cycling Stronge links useful. But theoretical classes and places to precincts that will eventually support route beside with the rail the rail corridor lines learn about innovations or new techniques is numerous functions. It is useful to under- very important for getting the most out of the stand the variety of demands of a certain site. building or area to dene how it should look Internal and Word of Culture is the binding agent for the commu- or act. Website Social external pathways mouth media nity and should not be disregarded. To split up the components of each function Residents should feel the Parco is improving we had ve topics: their quality of life. erefore culture could - Places: essentially the physical place. involve music, theatre or even history. Work conditions (excluding those within the jobs that gain from the popularity of the site. - Artefacts: the thing or tool to facilitate Encounters and meeting places (formal and hospital, prisons and schools) are likely to Services are certain functions that can help action. focus around the buildings and the commer- informal) are an important ingredient in people either interact with the Parco or use supporting a robust and resilient community. - Activity: the action occurring in the space. cial agricultural areas. A site such as the the Parco for care. For example an day-care CoBrAgOr can provide physical manual e community should recognise each other. - User/Actors: who would be involved. could allow parents to do some work on labour type work. SMdlP and the Casal del their garden. A doctor or nutritionalist Gateways are the nal point - how the site - Channels: how people connect. Marmo will provide a range of jobs from could help with dietary conditions to connects with residents and users. is will Five themes were dened (work, services, basic food and tourism to education or improve health. ere may be direct depend according to the function, the learning, culture and encounters). training - these are non-core and supporting agricultural services to improve production. location, the medium and of course the individual.

IL PARCO AGRICOLO DI CASAL DEL MARMO - 17 - The agricultural system

- 18 - Agricultural systems map Produzione LAND USES LAND AREA

Allotment Collective Cooperative Commercial 450 ha site gardens gardens agriculture agriculture 350 ha usable

20% Fruit 10% Vines plantation 15% Cereals

30% Biomass 25% Olives production

These are small gardens of Spaces where groups of people A for profit organisation however Where there is an owner (or between 20-60m2, which are often meet to garden on the same plot the profit is distributed amongst owners) that ultimately have a fenced, one garden per person. and where the produce is shared. workers. The CoBrAgOr is an profit objective. This often means During the workshop, five main sections were The gardens require little Produce is not sold, but shared. A example. that high efficiency food production sketched out. These areas will depend much on the management. few staff may be paid for is expected. market and the demand for produce and the capacity - 35 ha proposed. organising. - approx 30% of the soil, therefore agriculture must be developed slowly to test demand. FLOWS

Use / processing Qualtiy of of local resources resources Demand for local food Efficiency of space Amount of Quality level Amount of resources Amount of local agricultural circulated consumption production Available produce internally Quality of (retail / wholesale) Amount the soil necessary available equipment Effectiveness Consumption Production of the workforce

Amount of locally circulated Level of Opportunity cash local agricultural level for local Market for Education Markting knowledge employment secondary of local functions produce & Inclusion

Amount of Level of youth non-local engagement tourism Penetration of Effectiveness Level of local communication Amount local Awareness of of local education tourism (Marketing) education the capacity programs of the site Independent funds for communications Independence level from local funding Level of employment

OVERVIEW EDUCATION & INCLUSION As the theme of the Parco is Actors Places Functions Purpose agriculture, it is important to de ne what agriculture means for this site. Here the site oers the opportunity Understanding to support various types of agricul- Children Schools + Presentations agriculture ture - from small private allotment education institutions gardens to larger cooperative and commercial farms. Appreciation e objective is to allow skills and Courses for the site knowledge to be improved and Young adults Community easily shared. is essentially learning spaces Supporting local creates engagement, participation economy + buying and value. It also creates a market Onsite experience for local food production and local produce Local residents consumption. Onsite Creating or erefore there should be a way Laboratory that every member of the commu- supporting jobs nity can somehow be involved with agriculture. Likewise there should Public Improving From home Green therapy be the opportunity for enterprising authorities + organisations / online knowledge individuals to pro t from their labour. IL PARCO AGRICOLO DI CASAL DEL MARMO - 19 - The landscape system

- 20 - Landscape integration map

Ottavia

Ottavia

Torre dell’ acqua

Palma Nova Via della casal del Marmo

Casal del Marmo

San Felipo UniCredit Neri COBRAGOR Hospital Massara Monte Mario High school

Various private owners Monte Mario Vittorini Prison Santa Maria de la Pietà

Public

Instituto superior

Commercial Torrevecchia Torresina centre

Mercato Prima Valle 1 OVERVIEW LEGEND

e Parco Currently sits between a number of neighbourhoods Site boundary (including Ottavia, Palma Nova, Torrevecchia, Torresina and Transition zone Key nodes Monte Mario) yet it also acts as a barrier as there are no access Ownership boundaries between urban Key buildings points. It is also located near a number of other green areas yet + the parco these green areas are cut o by infrastructure or buildings. Combined mobility corridor Agricultural area Major entry point Train station e landscape integration strategy proposes greater links Existing internal pathways within the park and into the park. is means having a Secondary entry Dedicated number of ‘gateways’. Some gateways can be quite iconic such Proposed internal pathways Riparian area point bike path as Santa Maria de la Pietà, while others will simply be small Spatial edges pathways from neighbouring areas. 0 100 200 500 1000 e access network can include simply pathways for walking and cycling. A further step would to build greater links between other issolated green areas for wildlife habitat. IL PARCO AGRICOLO DI CASAL DEL MARMO - 21 - The resources & energy system

- 22 - Resource systems map

RESOURCE FLOWS BETWEEN BUILDINGS & LANDSCAPE System outputs Material waste

Non valuable Offsite Water Toxic Dump Black non-degradable treatment treatment water Off-site Commodity recylcing Grey non-degradable water OUT OUT Non-toxic recycleable Emissions Onsite water Drinking Emissions treatment plant water water Organic waste Wetlands / Solid for fuel water storage non-food biomass Water grass clippings Liquid Rain storage (showers, baths, Solar organic branches + Compost washing) radiation matter organic matter

Landscape Buildings informal parks Commercial Trees that can be active sports Residential regularly pruned gardens Community streetscapes Gardens / Farms IN Wetlands Solar Open Trees in IN Animals, grain Food Car battery Energy panels > on space, parks public space storage buildings + other non-food + agriculture + gardens Fertilisers Water biomass Appliance Water Personal battery Biogas Wind Geothermal transport Solar Wood Maintenance chip Appliances vehicles Machines Heating Electricity Electricity + lighting Heat Internal lighting Fuels Fuels Cooking

Coal/nuclear Oil Gas (petrol / diesel) Food energy Fertiliser Water

Imported materials System Inputs

OVERVIEW ENERGY PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION

Agriculture is much more than simply food System production. It can be a very complimentary whereby the waste of one becomes the fuel or Production (supply) Actors / places inputs of the other. Energy type Solar thermal In practice, houses may have a demand for Solar PV Public food and energy (for heating and electricity). Geothermal Sant FN / ASL Roma E is could be at least partially provided by Fuel Biogas Schools the production of resources from the Parco. Food naturally can be grown. Energy can be Wood Carcere (Min di giustizia) produced through biomass (wood or Wind S. Maria de la Pietà (Lazio) bio-gas). In turn wast from the housing Citta Metropolitana areas can be turned back to the Parco to Consumption (demand) Deposito AMA create compost and fertilisers. Above we Transport demand have mapped how various resources could Electricity Heating demand Agricultural / other move throughout the system. e most important objective is to avoid any valuable Material demands Ortisti Storici resources from leaving the system. e Use of appliances CoBrAgOr / Coraggio second objective is to avoid any unnecessary Hot water demand Private land owners resources from entering the system that cannot be reused within the local system in Efficiency (flow) the rst place. Private Heat Insulation Incubator BIC While energy can be produced in the Parco, it will be barely enough to provide energy to District heating the neighbouring areas, let alone for its own Heat cascading Industrial / productive present needs. If energy is to be taken Vehicle technology Ice Park seriously, it will mean thinking very carefully Industrial technology ENI about the kind of technology to be used. McDonalds Energy production is not necessarily the Combined heat/energy Supermercato most eective solution, energy reduction is Vehicle energy consumption oen the cheapest and quickest way to have a Logistics + transport management positive impact on energy demands. IL PARCO AGRICOLO DI CASAL DEL MARMO

- 23 - What does it mean for an urban economy to be “green”? And what is the role of public authorities in “greening” their economies? This report takes a new look at these questions by exploring what local economies would look like if they were built around specific places and their communities. The project explores this at the Parco Agricolo di Casal del Marmo, Rome.

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