The History of the Church 3: Reformation & Counter-Reformation
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Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform
6 RENAISSANCE HISTORY, ART AND CULTURE Cussen Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform of Politics Cultural the and III Paul Pope Bryan Cussen Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform 1534-1549 Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform Renaissance History, Art and Culture This series investigates the Renaissance as a complex intersection of political and cultural processes that radiated across Italian territories into wider worlds of influence, not only through Western Europe, but into the Middle East, parts of Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It will be alive to the best writing of a transnational and comparative nature and will cross canonical chronological divides of the Central Middle Ages, the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Renaissance History, Art and Culture intends to spark new ideas and encourage debate on the meanings, extent and influence of the Renaissance within the broader European world. It encourages engagement by scholars across disciplines – history, literature, art history, musicology, and possibly the social sciences – and focuses on ideas and collective mentalities as social, political, and cultural movements that shaped a changing world from ca 1250 to 1650. Series editors Christopher Celenza, Georgetown University, USA Samuel Cohn, Jr., University of Glasgow, UK Andrea Gamberini, University of Milan, Italy Geraldine Johnson, Christ Church, Oxford, UK Isabella Lazzarini, University of Molise, Italy Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform 1534-1549 Bryan Cussen Amsterdam University Press Cover image: Titian, Pope Paul III. Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy / Bridgeman Images. Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 252 0 e-isbn 978 90 4855 025 8 doi 10.5117/9789463722520 nur 685 © B. -
The Sack of Rome and the Theme of Cultural Discontinuity
CHAPTER ONE THE SACK OF ROME AND THE THEME OF CULTURAL DISCONTINUITY i. Introduction The Sack of Rome had unmatched significance for contemporaries, and it triggered momentous cultural and intellectual transformations. It stands apart from the many other brutal conquests of the time, such as the sack of Prato fifteen years earlier, because Rome held a place of special prominence in the Renaissance imagination.1 This prominence was owed in part to the city's geographical position on the ruins of the ancient city of Rome, which provided an ever-pres ent visual reminder of its classical role sis caput mundi.2 Just as impor tant for contemporary observers, it stood at the center of Western Christendom: a position to which it had been restored in 1443, when Pope Eugenius IV returned the papacy to the Eternal City.3 In the ensuing decades, the Renaissance popes strove to rebuild the physical city and to enhance both the theoretical claim of the papacy to uni versal impenum and its actual political and ecclesiastical sway, which the recent schism had eroded. Modern historians, who have tended to confirm contemporaries' assessment of Rome's centrality in Renaissance European culture, have similarly viewed the events of 1527 as marking a critical turning point. The nineteenth-century German scholar Ferdinand Gregoro- vius chose the Imperial conquest of 1527 as the terminus ad quern for his monumental eight-volume history of Rome in the Middle Ages, 1 Eric Cochrane, Italy, 1530-1630 (London and New York, 1988), 9-10, also draws attention to this contrast. 2 On Renaissance Roman antiquarianism and archaeology, see the sources cited in Philip Jacks, The Antiquarian and the Myth of Antiquity: The Origins of Rome in Renaissance Thought (Cambridge, 1993); and idem, "The Simulachrum of Fabio Calvo: A View of Roman Architecture aWantka in 1527," Art Bulletin 72 (1990): 453-81. -
British Impeachments (1376 - 1787) and the Preservation of the American Constitutional Order Frank O
Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Volume 46 Article 2 Number 4 Summer 2019 Summer 2019 British Impeachments (1376 - 1787) and the Preservation of the American Constitutional Order Frank O. Bowman III Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Frank O. Bowman III, British Impeachments (1376 - 1787) and the Preservation of the American Constitutional Order, 46 Hastings Const. L.Q. 745 (2019). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly/vol46/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOWMAN_5.6.19 UPDATED FINAL FOR ONLINE (DO NOT DELETE) 5/7/2019 3:58 PM British Impeachments (1376- 1787) and the Preservation of the American Constitutional Order by FRANK O. BOWMAN, III* Introduction: Why British Impeachments Matter Impeachment is a British invention, employed by Parliament beginning in 1376 to resist the general tendency of the monarchy to absolutism and to counter particularly obnoxious royal policies by removing the ministers who implemented them. The invention crossed the Atlantic with the British colonists who would one day rebel against their mother country and create an independent United States of America. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the delegates decided that presidents and other federal officers could be impeached, but they recoiled from the severe and occasionally fatal punishments imposed by Parliament, and they wrestled over what conduct should be impeachable. -
Pius Ix and the Change in Papal Authority in the Nineteenth Century
ABSTRACT ONE MAN’S STRUGGLE: PIUS IX AND THE CHANGE IN PAPAL AUTHORITY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Andrew Paul Dinovo This thesis examines papal authority in the nineteenth century in three sections. The first examines papal issues within the world at large, specifically those that focus on the role of the Church within the political state. The second section concentrates on the authority of Pius IX on the Italian peninsula in the mid-nineteenth century. The third and final section of the thesis focuses on the inevitable loss of the Papal States within the context of the Vatican Council of 1869-1870. Select papal encyclicals from 1859 to 1871 and the official documents of the Vatican Council of 1869-1870 are examined in light of their relevance to the change in the nature of papal authority. Supplementing these changes is a variety of seminal secondary sources from noted papal scholars. Ultimately, this thesis reveals that this change in papal authority became a point of contention within the Church in the twentieth century. ONE MAN’S STRUGGLE: PIUS IX AND THE CHANGE IN PAPAL AUTHORITY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Andrew Paul Dinovo Miami University Oxford, OH 2004 Advisor____________________________________________ Dr. Sheldon Anderson Reader_____________________________________________ Dr. Wietse de Boer Reader_____________________________________________ Dr. George Vascik Contents Section I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………….1 Section II: Primary Sources……………………………………………………………….5 Section III: Historiography……...………………………………………………………...8 Section IV: Issues of Church and State: Boniface VIII and Unam Sanctam...…………..13 Section V: The Pope in Italy: Political Papal Encyclicals….……………………………20 Section IV: The Loss of the Papal States: The Vatican Council………………...………41 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..55 ii I. -
History 2014
History 2014 press.princeton.edu CONTENTS 1 general interest 16 politics & society in 24 economic history 5 world history twentieth-century america 26 ancient history 8 jewish history 18 u.s. history 28 medieval & early 10 jews, christians & muslims 20 america in the world modern history from the ancient to the 21 human rights & crimes 30 princeton classics modern world against humanity 30 history of science 11 middle eastern history 22 the public square 31 isaiah berlin 12 european history 23 asian | east asian history 32 index | order form LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Princeton’s History list o ers many treasures in 2014. Clearly, one of the year’s most important books is the highly anticipated English edition of Jürgen Osterhammel’s magni cent The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century. The Times Literary Supplement, which reviewed the German edition, hailed it as “a work of tremendous conceptual precision, breadth and insight, a masterpiece that sets a new benchmark for debates on the history of world society.” For scholars interested in East European history, Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern’s The Golden Age Shtetl: A New History of Jewish Life in East Europe o ers a surprising new take on the Jewish market towns that were home to two-thirds of East Europe’s Jews in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Jacqueline Bhabha’s new book, Child Migration and Human Rights in a Global Age, is the rst to integrate all aspects of child migration in a global perspective; it is at the same time an activist’s book, arguing for a compelling new international ethics of children’s human rights. -
A Prelude to the Wars of Religion: the Sack of Rome (1527)
the Europe of wars of religion A Prelude to the Wars of Religion: The Sack of Rome (1527) Pierre COUHAULT ABSTRACT The Sack of Rome in May 1527 by the troops of Emperor Charles V—king of Germany, Spain, Naples, and Sicily, and ruler of the Netherlands—was an event of rare violence that left a deep impression during the sixteenth century. An accident of a war opposing a considerable portion of European princes, it partially served as an outlet for religious tensions that had been growing since the late Middle Ages. Protestant but also Catholic soldiers united in a sacred intoxication that announced the religious conflicts to come. The soldiers nevertheless conserved a genuine rationality that lent its full support to a logic of predation. Quickly known throughout Europe, these exactions were interpreted by the vast majority as a religious event: well-deserved punishment for the papal Antichrist or the corruption of the Church, a divine scourge, sacrilege, or an occasion to reconcile Christians within the universal reformation. Representation of the Sack of Rome as a divine scourge in a treatise and prognostication on the war of Rome, ms. Spencer 81, f. 3v, New York Public Library. Source : Wikimedia Commons The descent of Bourbon in Italy. Map by the author. Rome, Martyr City of a European Conflict On May 5, 1527, an imperial army consisting of Spaniards, Flemings, Italians, and Germans encamped in front of Rome. With the Duke of Bourbon at its head, it threatened the continent’s religious capital. He spent over a month living off the land, while seeking to contain the disgruntled troops who had been deprived of pay for over a year. -
Clement VII and the Struggle of Church and State in the Renaissance
Verbum Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 23 May 2008 Priest and Prince: Clement VII and the Struggle of Church and State in the Renaissance Fred Dotolo St. John Fisher College Follow this and additional works at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum Part of the Religion Commons How has open access to Fisher Digital Publications benefited ou?y Recommended Citation Dotolo, Fred (2008) "Priest and Prince: Clement VII and the Struggle of Church and State in the Renaissance," Verbum: Vol. 5 : Iss. 2 , Article 23. Available at: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol5/iss2/23 This document is posted at https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol5/iss2/23 and is brought to you for free and open access by Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Priest and Prince: Clement VII and the Struggle of Church and State in the Renaissance Abstract In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph. "A historian once ended his work on Clement VII (r. 1523-34) by stating, “No pope ever began so well, or ended so miserably.” True enough in the sense that most contemporary observers were more thankful than mournful at Clement’s passing. However, one might also see in his papacy a vigorous defense of papal rights against the growth of monarchial power, a diplomatic and even pastoral struggle to retain the ancient division within Christendom of the priestly and kingly offices. Should the new monarchs of the early modern period reduce the papacy to a mere appendage of secular authority, religious issues would become little more than state policy. -
Papal Registers
CLEMENT VII – LATERAN REGISTERS i CALENDAR of PAPAL REGISTERS GENERAL EDITOR CHARLES BURNS Commission Manuscripts Irish Material: Copyright CLEMENT VII – LATERAN REGISTERS iii COIMISIÚN LÁMHSCRÍBHINNÍ NA hÉIREANN CALENDAR of ENTRIES in the PAPAL REGISTERS relating to GREAT BRITAIN & IRELANDCommission PAPAL LETTERS, Vol. XXIII, part 1 Manuscripts 1523–1534 CLEMENTIrish VII LATERAN REGISTERS Material: EDITED FOR PUBLICATION BY ALAN MACQUARRIE Copyright GENERAL EDITOR CHARLES BURNS IRISH MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION 2018 iv CALENDAR OF PAPAL LETTERS Published by Irish Manuscripts Commission 45 Merrion Square Commission Dublin 2 Ireland www.irishmanuscripts.ie Manuscripts Irish Copyright © Irish Manuscripts Commission 2018 Alan Macquarrie has asserted his right to be identified as the editor who preparedMaterial: the calendar for publication in accordance with the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000, Section 107. ISBN 978-1-906865-68-9 Copyright No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Typeset by December Publications, Belfast in Adobe Garamond Printed by ePrint, Dublin Index compiled by Julitta Clancy, FSocInd CLEMENT VII – LATERAN REGISTERS v CONTENTS Published titles in the Calendar of Papal Registers series vi Foreword Eamon Duffy, Chairman of CPR Editorial Board vii Editorial Board viii Table of Abbreviations ix General Editor’s Introduction xi Commission -
Article Review Towards a Richer Appreciation of the Oxford Movement
ecclesiology 16 (2020) 243-253 ECCLESIOLOGY brill.com/ecso Article Review ∵ Towards a Richer Appreciation of the Oxford Movement Paul Avis Durham University, Durham, UK, and University of Exeter, Exeter, UK [email protected] Stewart J. Brown, Peter B. Nockles and James Pereiro (eds), (2017) The Oxford Handbook of the Oxford Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. xx + 646 pages, isbn 978-0-19-958018-7 (hbk), £95.00. To read The Oxford Handbook of the Oxford Movement more or less from cover to cover has been a hugely rewarding experience, even though I am no stranger to its subject matter – the history and writings of the movement that cam- paigned to revive a catholic theology, practice and sensibility within the Church of England in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. In engag- ing with this book I am, in a sense, coming home. John Keble’s parochial ministry, John Henry Newman’s epistemology and ecclesiology, and Edward Bouverie Pusey’s sacramental and ecumenical theology have been deeply for- mative for me. And that is the spirit (or ethos in Tractarian-speak, as James Pereiro has shown)1 in which I approach this estimable example of the Oxford Handbook genre. The Oxford (or Tractarian) Movement was a creative upsurge of theological, pastoral and liturgical renewal which lasted from its arresting beginning with John Keble’s Assize Sermon and the first Tracts for the Times in 1833 to John 1 James Pereiro, ‘Ethos’ and the Oxford Movement: At the Heart of Tractarianism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). © paul avis, 2020 | doi:10.1163/17455316-01602007 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the cc by 4.0Downloaded License. -
If Christ Be Not Raised”; If Peter Was Not the First Pope: Parallel Cases of Indispensable Doctrinal Foundations Jerry L
Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTSVOLUME 4 | ISSUE 2 “If Christ be not Raised”; If Peter was not the First Pope: Parallel Cases of Indispensable Doctrinal Foundations Jerry L. Walls [JBTS 4.2 (2019): 243–263] “If Christ be not Raised”; If Peter was not the First Pope: Parallel Cases of Indispensable Doctrinal Foundations JERRY L. WALLS Jerry L. Walls is Scholar in Residence/Professor of Philosophy at Houston Baptist University Abstract: The papacy is to Roman Catholicism what the resurrection of Jesus is to orthodox creedal Christianity. If the bodily resurrection of Christ did not really happen, there is no good reason to believe the doctrines that flow from it, such as incarnation and Trinity. Similarly, Roman Catholic claims about the ecclesial authority of the pope and the Church of Rome hinge on the historical claims about papacy, beginning with the claim that Christ appointed Peter the first pope, with a primacy of jurisdiction over the whole Church. Whereas there is excellent historical evidence in favor of the resurrection of Jesus, there is no comparable evidence in favor of traditional Roman claims about the papacy. To the contrary, the consensus of historians is that those claims are false. Roman claims that hinge on the unique authority of the papacy are accordingly undermined. Key Words: resurrection, papacy, infallibility, Lampe, Duffy, Plantinga. It is hard to overstate the importance of the papacy to Roman Catholicism. Rome’s distinctive authority claims and ecclesial identity hinge crucially on the claims that Christ made Peter the head of the church, and the bishops of Rome have succeeded him in this role. -
AAKASH PATEL Contents
History AAKASH PATEL Contents Preface. 1 1. Dawn of Civilization. 2 Mesopotamia . 2 Ancient Egypt . 3 Indus River Valley . 5 2. Ancient Europe . 6 Persian Wars . 6 Greek City-States. 8 Rome: From Romulus to Constantine . 9 3. Asian Dynasties. 23 Ancient India. 23 Chinese Dynasties . 24 Early Korea . 27 4. The Sundering of Europe . 29 The Fall of Rome. 29 Building a Holy Roman Empire . 31 Islamic Caliphates . 33 5. Medieval Times . 35 England: A New Monarchy . 35 France: The Capetians. 42 Germany: Holy Roman Empire. 44 Scandinavia: Kalmar Union. 45 Crusades . 46 Khans & Conquerors . 50 6. African Empires . 53 West Africa . 53 South Africa. 54 7. Renaissance & Reformation. 56 Italian Renaissance . 56 Tudor England . 58 Reformation. 61 Habsburg Empires . 63 French Wars of Religion. 65 Age of Discovery. 66 8. Early Modern Asia . 70 Tsars of Russia . 70 Japan: Rise of the Shogun. 72 Dynastic Korea . 73 Mughals of India. 73 Ottomans of Turkey. 74 9. European Monarchy . 76 Thirty Years' War . 76 Stuart England and the Protectorate . 78 France: Louis, Louis, and Louis . 81 10. Colonies of the New World . 84 Pilgrims and Plymouth . 84 Thirteen American Colonies . 85 Golden Age of Piracy . 88 11. Expansionism in Europe. 89 Ascension of the Romanovs. 89 Rise of Prussia . 91 Seven Years' War . 92 Enlightenment . 93 Hanoverian Succession. 94 12. American Independence . 96 Colonies in the 18th Century . .. -
Conclave 1492: the Election of a Renaissance Pope
Conclave 1492: The Election of a Renaissance Pope A Reacting to the Past Microgame Instructor’s Manual Version 1 – August 2017 William Keene Thompson Ph.D. Candidate, History University of California, Santa Barbara [email protected] Table of Contents Game Summary 1 Procedure 3 Biographical Sketches and Monetary Values 4 Role Distribution and Vote Tally Sheet 6 Anticipated Vote Distributions 7 Conclave Ballot Template 8 Role Sheets (23 Cardinals) 9 Additional Roles 33 Extended Gameplay and Supplementary Readings 34 William Keene Thompson, UC Santa Barbara [email protected] Conclave 1492: The Election of a Renaissance Pope The Situation It is August 1492. Pope Innocent VIII has died. Now the Sacred College of Cardinals must meet to choose his successor. The office of Pope is a holy calling, born of the legacy of Saint Peter the first Bishop of Rome, who was one of Christ’s most trusted apostles. The Pope is therefore God’s vicar on Earth, the temporal representation of divine authority and the pinnacle of the church hierarchy. However, the position has also become a political role, with the Holy Father a temporal ruler of the Papal States in the center of the Italian peninsula and charged with protecting the interests of the Church across Christendom. As such, the position requires not only spiritual vision but political acumen too, and, at times ruthlessness and deception, to maintain the church’s position as a secular and spiritual power in Europe. The Cardinals must therefore consider both a candidate’s spiritual and political qualifications to lead the Church.