DOCSLIB.ORG

(2021) (R)Evolutionary Animal Tropes in the Works of Charles Darwin and Virginia Woolf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

McCracken, Saskia (2021) (R)evolutionary animal tropes in the works of Charles Darwin and Virginia Woolf. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/82313/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] (R)evolutionary Animal Tropes in the Works of Charles Darwin and Virginia Woolf Saskia McCracken BA (Hons) MLitt Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD School of Critical Studies College of Arts University of Glasgow July 2021 © Saskia McCracken 2021 1 Abstract This thesis is the first full-length study of Woolf’s preoccupation, across her writing, with Darwin’s works. I will draw on the recent animal turn in literary criticism to provide original insight into the politics of Darwin’s animal tropes, and Woolf’s Darwinian animal tropes. My central research questions are how, to what extent, and with what effect, did Woolf engage with Darwin’s works, particularly his animal tropes? I will make two key claims in this thesis. First, I will argue that Woolf’s engagement with Darwin’s works – particularly the critically overlooked Descent of Man (1871) – was more sustained, extensive, and subversive than previously recognised. Both Darwin and Woolf were concerned with the limitations and (r)evolutionary potential of figurative language, in Darwin’s case to describe the world, and in Woolf’s case to constitute the world. I use the term (r)evolutionary to invoke both Darwin’s revolutionary theory of evolution and the revolutionary potential of Woolf’s evolving, Darwinian, beastly ‘chain of tropological transformations’ (de Man 241) to reconstitute the world. I will demonstrate that both writers’ works swarm with literal (yet always already discursive) and figurative animals which operate as signifiers overloaded ‘to the point of Benjaminian allegorical ruin’ (Goldman 2010 180). These tropes often gesture towards women, people of colour, and the working classes, and animals themselves. I will argue secondly, therefore, that analysing these unstable animal tropes can provide insight into the gender, racial, class, and animal politics of each writer. I will show that while Woolf embraced Darwin’s radical levelling of species she challenged the proto-eugenicist and misogynist aspects of his work. More specifically, I will analyse Woolf’s (r)evolutionary Darwinian pedigree politics of breeding figuration in chapter two; her anti-eugenicist dogs in Flush: A Biography (1933) in chapters three and four; her (anti)imperialist feathers in ‘The Plumage Bill’ (1920) in chapter five; and her ‘dictator’ worms (TG 135) in her feminist polemics A Room of One’s Own (1929) and Three Guineas (1938), in chapter six. 2 Contents Figures Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. The ‘Entangled Bank’: Darwin and Woolf’s Animal Tropes 10 1.1 Introduction 10 1.2 Literary, Literal, and Figurative Animals 23 1.3 Darwin and the Limits of Language 31 1.4 Voyaging Out 39 1.5 Further Darwin, Woolf, and Animal Scholarship 48 1.6 Conclusion 55 2. ‘Why is life beastly?’: Darwin’s, Stephen’s, and Woolf’s Auto/Biographies 2.1 Introduction 59 2.2 Genre, Subject Matter, Metaphor 72 2.3 Darwin and Leslie Stephen 76 2.4 Beastly Chains of Signification 88 2.5 ‘This Queer Animal Man’ 101 3. (R)evolutionary Dogs: Significant Otherness in The Descent of Man and Flush: A Biography 106 3.1 Introduction 106 3.2 Darwin as Source for Flush: A Biography 116 3.3 Beyond Darwin’s Dogs 124 3.4 Picturing Canine Companions 140 3 4. Canine Tropes, Eugenics, and Ethics 149 4.1 Introduction 149 4.2 Eugenics 150 4.3 Darwinian Eugenics and Race 159 4.4 Tyranny and Sympathy 177 4.5 Animal Sentience 181 5. Darwin and Woolf Write Feather Fashions, Sex and Extinction 194 5.1 Introduction 194 5.2 Contexts: Empire, Sex, Extinction 200 5.3 Woolf and the Plumage (Prohibition) Bill 209 5.4 Feathered Women Across Woolf’s Works 221 6. The (R)evolutionary Politic Worm 234 6.1 Introduction 234 6.2 ‘A Worm Winged Like an Eagle’ 243 6.3 Women & Fiction 250 6.4 ‘Creature, Dictator’ 255 6.5 Silkworms and Mulberry Trees 262 6.6 ‘A Different Song’ 269 Afterword: ‘Little Animal That I Am’ 275 Bibliography 280 4 Figures Fig. 1 Charles Darwin. ‘Tree of Life.’ On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. 90. 112 Fig. 2 Virginia Woolf. ‘Frontispiece.’ Flush: A Biography. London: Hogarth, 1933. 2. 142 Fig. 3 Edwin Henry Landseer. ‘A Scene at Abbotsford.’ 1827. Image released under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND (3.0 Unported). 144 5 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors Jane Goldman, Nigel Leask, my annual progress review examiners Bryony Randall, Alice Jenkins, and Briony Wickes, and my viva examiners Christina Alt and Briony Randall, for their support, insight and enthusiasm, which has been invaluable to my research. I would like to thank the University of Glasgow College of Arts for granting me a postgraduate scholarship to undertake my doctoral thesis (as well as several collaborative research and research support awards), along with the British Society for Literature and Science, and the Fran Trust for further research support. For sharing their work with me prior to publication, I would like to thank Claire Davison, Jenni Råback, Peter Adkins, Bryony Randall, Jane Goldman, Rachel Murray, and the editors of the Cambridge edition of Flush: A Biography (Jane Goldman, Linden Peach, Derek Ryan). My gratitude goes also to Gillespie Ferguson for showing me the Darwin Centenary Dinner seating plans, Julia King at Washington State University Library for examining Woolf’s copies of Darwin’s books for me; Paul White, Anne Secord, and Jim Secord who discussed Darwin’s letters with me at the University of Cambridge; and Charlotte Hoare and John Wagstaff at the Darwin Archives, Christ’s College, Cambridge. Thank you, Vara Neverow, Chris Mourant, Elke D’hoker, Alberto Godioli, Carmen van den Berg, Rachel Murray, and Caroline Hovanec, and others already named above, for their editorial help in strengthening work from my thesis that has been published in other forms elsewhere. The Beastly Modernisms conference organising committee, contributors, and co-editor Alex Goody, and the British Animal Studies Network have all been invaluable to my understanding of animal studies and modernism, thank you. Finally, a special thank you to Laura Rattray and the Transatlantic Literary Women, the Core Four, HPL, Marine, Pernille, Eloise, my family, and Greg, always, for everything. 6 Abbreviations Abbreviated titles of Woolf’s works and date of first publication: AROO A Room of One’s Own (1929) BA Between the Acts (1941) CH Carlyle’s House and Other Sketches (2003) CSF The Complete Shorter Fiction (1985) D The Diary of Virginia Woolf (5 vols.) (1977-84) E The Essays of Virginia Woolf (6 vols.) (1987-2011) F Flush: A Biography (1933) HPGN Hyde Park Gate News (2006) JR Jacob’s Room (1922) L The Letters of Virginia Woolf (6 vols.) (1975-1980) M Melymbrosia (1982) MB Moments of Being (1972) MD Mrs. Dalloway (1925) MHP Monk’s House Papers (microfilm, unpublished) FMS1 The first manuscript draft (21 July 1931–April 1932) of Flush: A Biography (forthcoming) FMS2 The second manuscript draft (July–October 1932) of Flush: A Biography (forthcoming) 7 ND Night and Day (1919) O Orlando: A Biography (1928) P The Pargiters: The Novel-Essay Portion of The Years (1977) PA A Passionate Apprentice (1990) PH Pointz Hall (1983) RF Roger Fry: A Biography (1940) RN Reading Notebook (1983) TG Three Guineas (1938) TL To the Lighthouse (1927) W The Waves (1931) Y The Years (1937) WF Women & Fiction (1992) VO The Voyage Out (1915) 8 Abbreviated titles of Darwin’s Works and date of first publication: Autobiographies – The Autobiography of Charles Darwin: With Two Appendices, Comprising a Chapter of Reminiscences and a Statement of Charles Darwin’s Religious Views, by his Son (1887) Descent – The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) Expression – The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) Journal – Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Beagle’ Round the World, under the Command of Capt. FitzRoy (1839) Origin – On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) Variation – The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (1868) Worms – The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms (1881) 9 Chapter One The ‘Entangled Bank’: Darwin and Woolf’s Animal Tropes Section 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 ‘Little Animal That I Am’ Virginia Woolf’s The Waves (1931) includes a striking example of her use of Darwinian animal tropes. Halfway through the novel, Jinny catches sight of her ageing reflection in a windowpane in Piccadilly tube station, where ‘[m]illions descend those stairs in a terrible descent’ (emphasis added TW 114): Little animal that I am, sucking my flanks in and out with fear, I stand here, palpitating, trembling.
Recommended publications
  • Charles Darwin: a Companion

    Charles Darwin: a Companion

    CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, original 13 x 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears Colnaghi's blind embossed registration. [page 3] CHARLES DARWIN A Companion by R. B. FREEMAN Department of Zoology University College London DAWSON [page 4] First published in 1978 © R. B. Freeman 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, Cannon House Folkestone, Kent, England Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc 995 Sherman Avenue, Hamden, Connecticut 06514 USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Freeman, Richard Broke. Charles Darwin. 1. Darwin, Charles – Dictionaries, indexes, etc. 575′. 0092′4 QH31. D2 ISBN 0–7129–0901–X Archon ISBN 0–208–01739–9 LC 78–40928 Filmset in 11/12 pt Bembo Printed and bound in Great Britain by W & J Mackay Limited, Chatham [page 5] CONTENTS List of Illustrations 6 Introduction 7 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 11 Text 17–309 [page 6] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Charles Darwin aged 59 Frontispiece From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin 66 Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his Wife Emma 67 Wedgwood Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren 68 Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin 69 Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860 90 Charles Darwin's Full Signature 91 [page 7] INTRODUCTION THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his theoretical or experimental work.
  • The Project Gutenberg Ebook #35588: <TITLE>

    The Project Gutenberg Ebook #35588: <TITLE>

    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scientific Papers by Sir George Howard Darwin, by George Darwin This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Scientific Papers by Sir George Howard Darwin Volume V. Supplementary Volume Author: George Darwin Commentator: Francis Darwin E. W. Brown Editor: F. J. M. Stratton J. Jackson Release Date: March 16, 2011 [EBook #35588] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCIENTIFIC PAPERS *** Produced by Andrew D. Hwang, Laura Wisewell, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (The original copy of this book was generously made available for scanning by the Department of Mathematics at the University of Glasgow.) transcriber's note The original copy of this book was generously made available for scanning by the Department of Mathematics at the University of Glasgow. Minor typographical corrections and presentational changes have been made without comment. This PDF file is optimized for screen viewing, but may easily be recompiled for printing. Please see the preamble of the LATEX source file for instructions. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, Manager Lon˘n: FETTER LANE, E.C. Edinburgh: 100 PRINCES STREET New York: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Bom`y, Calcutta and Madras: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. Toronto: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd. Tokyo: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA All rights reserved SCIENTIFIC PAPERS BY SIR GEORGE HOWARD DARWIN K.C.B., F.R.S.
  • EDWARD THOMAS: Towards a Complete Checklist of His

    EDWARD THOMAS: Towards a Complete Checklist of His

    Edward Thomas: A Checklist © Jeff Cooper EDWARD THOMAS Towards a Complete Checklist Of His Published Writings Compiled by Jeff Cooper First published in Great Britain in 2004 by White Sheep Press Second edition published on-line in 2013; third edition, 2017 © 2013, 2017 Jeff Cooper All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced for publication or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise stored in a retrieval system, without the prior permission of the copyright owner and the publishers. The rights of Jeff Cooper to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Preface This is the third edition, with some additions and amendments (and a complete re-numbering), of the edition originally published in 2004 under Richard Emeny’s name, with myself as the editor. The interest in Edward Thomas’s poetry and prose writings has grown considerably over the past few years, and this is an opportune moment to make the whole checklist freely available and accessible. The intention of the list is to provide those with an interest in Thomas with the tools to understand his enormous contribution to criticism as well as poetry. This is very much a work in progress. I can’t say that I have produced a complete or wholly accurate list, and any amendments or additions would be gratefully received by sending them to me at [email protected]. They will be incorporated in the list and acknowledged.
  • An Irish Clerisy of Political Economists? Friendships and Enmities Amongst the Mid-Victorian Graduates of Trinity College, Dublin

    An Irish Clerisy of Political Economists? Friendships and Enmities Amongst the Mid-Victorian Graduates of Trinity College, Dublin

    An Irish Clerisy of Political Economists? Friendships and Enmities Amongst the Mid-Victorian Graduates of Trinity College, Dublin Gregory G. C. Moore* Eagleton, T. Scholars Et Rebels in Nineteenth Century Ireland. Blackwell. Oxford, 2000. Pp. 177. ISBN 0-631-21445-3. Terry Eagleton, the Thomas Warton Professor of English Literature at Oxford University and irreverent commentator on all things post-modern, has written an astonishing book on that remarkable community of intellectuals that raised Trinity College, Dublin, and indeed the town of Dublin itself, to its cultural and scholastic apogee in the second half of the nineteenth century. The work is the final part of a trilogy of books by Eagleton on the main cultural currents of Irish history, the first two of which were Heathcliff and the Great Hunger (1995) and Crazy John and the Bishop (1998). The intellectuals he examines in the final part of this series include, amongst others, William Wilde (Oscar Wilde’s father), Jane Elgee (Lady Wilde), Charles Lever, William Edward Lecky and Samuel Ferguson, and, which will be of slightly more interest to the readers of the hermetic articles of staid economic journals, that curious melange of nineteenth-century Irish political economists, Isaac Butt, T.E. Cliffe Leslie, John Elliot Cairnes and John Kells Ingram. Eagleton is interested less in tracing the individual theoretical contributions of these scholars, and more with delineating their activities as a community or clerisy and, through this exercise, meditating on the role of the intellectual in society. To this end, he draws upon Antonio Gramsci’s celebrated notions of the ‘traditional’ and ‘organic’ intellectual to portray the Irish intellectual community as being torn between old and new visions of the intellectual’s function; that is, between the ‘traditional’ intellectual’s search for transcendent values through disinterested inquiry and the ‘organic’ intellectual’s employment of knowledge as a ‘practical, emancipatory force’ (1999:2).
  • Virginia Woolf, Arnold Bennett, and Turn of the Century Consciousness

    Virginia Woolf, Arnold Bennett, and Turn of the Century Consciousness

    Colby Quarterly Volume 13 Issue 1 March Article 5 March 1977 The Moment, 1910: Virginia Woolf, Arnold Bennett, and Turn of the Century Consciousness Edwin J. Kenney, Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Library Quarterly, Volume 13, no.1, March 1977, p.42-66 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Kenney, Jr.: The Moment, 1910: Virginia Woolf, Arnold Bennett, and Turn of the The Moment, 1910: Virginia Woolf, Arnold Bennett, and Turn ofthe Century Consciousness by EDWIN J. KENNEY, JR. N THE YEARS 1923-24 Virginia Woolf was embroiled in an argument I with Arnold Bennett about the responsibility of the novelist and the future ofthe novel. In her famous essay "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown," she observed that "on or about December, 1910, human character changed";1 and she proceeded to argue, without specifying the causes or nature of that change, that because human character had changed the novel must change if it were to be a true representation of human life. Since that time the at once assertive and vague remark about 1910, isolated, has served as a convenient point of departure for historians now writing about the social and cultural changes occurring during the Edwardian period.2 Literary critics have taken the ideas about fiction from "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" and Woolfs other much-antholo­ gized essay "Modern Fiction" as a free-standing "aesthetic manifesto" of the new novel of sensibility;3 and those who have recorded and discussed the "whole contention" between Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett have regarded the relation between Woolfs historical observation and her ideas about the novel either as just a rhetorical strategy or a generational disguise for the expression of class bias against Bennett.4 Yet few readers have asked what Virginia Woolf might have nleant by her remark about 1910 and the novel, or what it might have meant to her.
  • The Completion of John Bradfield Court and New Studentships: with Grateful Thanks to Darwinians Worldwide

    The Completion of John Bradfield Court and New Studentships: with Grateful Thanks to Darwinians Worldwide

    WINTER 2019/20 DarwinianTHE The completion of John Bradfield Court and new studentships: with grateful thanks to Darwinians worldwide A New Portrait John Bradfield Court Nobel Laureate Eric Maskin is interviewed by Andrew Prentice NewS FOR THE DArwin COLLEGE COMMUNITY A Message from Mary Fowler Master Above: even wonderful years ago I followed someone who makes the world better. A wonderful The College’s new portrait Willy Brown as Master of Darwin. As you man, Willy is deeply missed not just here in Darwin, of Mary Fowler at its unveiling, with that of her may know, he died very unexpectedly in in Cambridge and in the UK, but around the world. predecessor Willy Brown August. Much-loved as Master, Willy was He gave his skills and knowledge freely. Fortunate behind. distinguished in labour economics and were those who worked with him, or were taught or industrial relations and a founder of the tutored by him, who experienced his generosity and Low Pay Commission. His work, which friendship. A full tribute to him is on page 10. was characterised by the use of statistics, and careful research, centred around the concept of Now I’m myself in my last year as Master (but S“fairness”. That reflected his own nature, modest, fair, certainly not my last year in Cambridge). September generous, kind, a man of integrity. He was a mediator, saw a ritual – the unveiling of my portrait. Darwin DarwinianTHE 2 members and friends gathered in the Dining Hall where the portrait was waiting, covered. Portraits “A wonderful man, Willy Brown is can be a controversial matter.
  • A Proposal for Teaching the Literary Essay Through a Rhetorical Analysis

    A Proposal for Teaching the Literary Essay Through a Rhetorical Analysis

    A Proposal for Teaching the Literary Essay through a Rhetorical Analysis Margarita Esther Sánchez Cuervo, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain The European Conference on Literature and Librarianship 2014 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract The literary essay is a heterogeneous genre that may contain expository, narrative, descriptive and argumentative types of text. Due to its indefinite nature, it is difficult to find critical studies that develop an accurate understanding of the essay that may lead to an objective teaching of this genre. However, as an exemplar of the argumentative discourse, the literary essay can be studied following a rhetorical model of analysis. Rhetoric can be seen as a general model of text production and as an instrument of textual analysis. In this vein, some rhetorical principles related to inventio, dispositio and elocutio can be recognised in the construction of the modern essay. Inventio is concerned with the generation of arguments. Dispositio is related to the order of the arguments, and contains the partes orationis: exordium, narratio/expositio, argumentatio and conclusio. By means of elocutio, the students recognise the expressive devices that contribute to defining the style of the essay, such as rhetorical figures. To illustrate my proposal, I use several extracts from Virginia Woolf’s short essays. Woolf wrote a large number of literary reviews for the press that can be read following this rhetorical approach and that provide a rich source of arguments and rhetorical figures. In the course of my analysis, I offer undergraduate students of English language and literature some guidelines for the analysis. By using this model, these students can also acquire the training to examine other essays belonging to past and present essayists.
  • Raverat's River Interactive

    Raverat's River Interactive

    The River Cam According to Gwen Raverat Introduction Gwen Raverat, the granddaughter of naturalist Charles Darwin, was born and brought up in Cambridge and pursued an artistic path, including study at The Slade School of Fine Art, London. Her practice was, to a great extent, a diary of her life as a woman in the early and mid 1900’s, depicting scenes from her home city, of her husband, painter Jacques Raverat, as well as imagery from a short period living in the south of France. Substantial collections of her work rest in two Cambridge institutions, Murray Edwards College (Raverat’s work is part of the New Hall Art Collection) and The Fitzwilliam Museum. Working in paint and relief printmaking (usually woodcuts or wood engravings), Gwen Raverat paid great attention to detail and drew on her surroundings for her subject matter. The river Cam appears regularly in her works, as part of the landscape or as the central character of the works, taking the viewer’s eye under bridges and along the buildings of Cambridge. This publication sets out and maps a selection of Raverat’s work, pinpointing the location where she captured her chosen subjects. In the course of the research, discoveries and connections that have been found are noted alongside each work, together with relevant other material such as geographical and access information. Created as part of a project capturing contemporary visual responses to Raverat’s rivers, the publication forms a component of a wider enquiry entitled To The River. To The River is a public art commission to celebrate the story of the river Cam in Cambridge.
  • Systematic Theology (Volume 1 of 3) by Augustus Hopkins Strong

    Systematic Theology (Volume 1 of 3) by Augustus Hopkins Strong

    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Systematic Theology (Volume 1 of 3) by Augustus Hopkins Strong This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Systematic Theology (Volume 1 of 3) Author: Augustus Hopkins Strong Release Date: October 25, 2013 [Ebook 44035] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY (VOLUME 1 OF 3)*** Systematic Theology A Compendium and Commonplace-Book Designed For The Use Of Theological Students By Augustus Hopkins Strong, D.D., LL.D. President and Professor of Biblical Theology in the Rochester Theological Seminary Revised and Enlarged In Three Volumes Volume 1 The Doctrine of God The Judson Press Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, St. Louis, Los Angeles, Kansas City, Seattle, Toronto 1907 Contents Preface . .3 Part I. Prolegomena. .9 Chapter I. Idea Of Theology. .9 I. Definition of Theology. .9 II. Aim of Theology. 10 III. Possibility of Theology. 12 IV. Necessity of Theology. 41 V. Relation of Theology to Religion. 50 Chapter II. Material of Theology. 61 I. Sources of Theology. 61 II. Limitations of Theology. 82 III. Relations of Material to Progress in Theology. 86 Chapter III. Method Of Theology. 90 I. Requisites to the study of Theology. 90 II. Divisions of Theology. 96 III. History of Systematic Theology. 103 IV. Order of Treatment in Systematic Theology. 117 V. Text-Books in Theology. 119 Part II.
  • • the Art of Boiling Down

    • the Art of Boiling Down

    • The Art of Boiling Down James Fitzjames Stephen as Drafter s Lexicographer Bryan A. Garner he English jurist and phi- David Dudley Field, the leader of the New losopher James Fitzjames Stephen York codification movement – whose codes (1829–1894) has had many kindred met with more success in various American spirits in the generations before and after he jurisdictions than Stephen’s codes met with Tlived. Think of Lord Mansfield, who gave in England.4 Or think of Glanville Williams, Stephen what almost amounted to his mot- who, writing about the “general part” of the to in drafting the digests of evidence1 and criminal law in the 20th century,5 consis- criminal law2 in the years 1875 to 1877. Mans- tently displayed the kind of close semantic field wrote a sentence that typifies Stephen’s analysis that, to a somewhat lesser extent, thinking but goes against the current of the characterized Stephen’s work. traditional common-law mind: “The law But the closest comparison – the one does not consist of particular cases, but of recognized by Stephen’s circle of friends – is general principles which are illustrated and to Samuel Johnson, a literary man who was explained by those cases.”3 Or think of Ste- enormously learned in the law. Stephen was phen’s contemporary American counterpart, a legal figure who was enormously learned in Bryan Garner is the author of more than a dozen books about words and their uses, including Garner’s Modern American Usage (Oxford 2d ed. 2003). He is also the editor in chief of Black’s Law Diction- ary (West 8th ed.
  • Thomas Henry Huxley: the War Between Science and Religion Author(S): Sheridan Gilley and Ann Loades Source: the Journal of Religion , Jul., 1981, Vol

    Thomas Henry Huxley: the War Between Science and Religion Author(S): Sheridan Gilley and Ann Loades Source: the Journal of Religion , Jul., 1981, Vol

    Thomas Henry Huxley: The War between Science and Religion Author(s): Sheridan Gilley and Ann Loades Source: The Journal of Religion , Jul., 1981, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Jul., 1981), pp. 285-308 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1202815 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1202815?seq=1&cid=pdf- reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Religion This content downloaded from 140.160.244.146 on Wed, 24 Mar 2021 03:52:12 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Thomas Henry Huxley: The War between Science and Religion Sheridan Gilley and Ann Loades / University of Durham Viewers of the recent BBC television series, "The Voyage of Charles Darwin,"1 must have been amused at the portrayal of Samuel Wilberforce, bishop of Oxford, at the famous meeting of the British Association at Oxford in 1860, where Wilberforce condemned the evolutionary doctrine of Darwin's Origin of Species.
  • Selected Letters of Leslie Stephen Volume 1: 1864-1882

    Selected Letters of Leslie Stephen Volume 1: 1864-1882

    J.W. Bicknell (Ed.) Selected Letters of Leslie Stephen Volume 1: 1864-1882 Since F.W. Maitland's Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen (1907), there has been no volume of the letters written by this extraordinary and eminent Victorian. Alpinist, literary critic, god-killer, editor of The Cornhill Magazine and The Dictionary of National Biography, biographer, historian of ideas, and father of Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf, Stephen corresponded with a host of men and women, including such notables as his American friends - James Russell Lowell, Justice Holmes and art historian Charles E. Norton; such contemporaries among the intelligentsia as John Morley, Henry Sidgwick, George Eliot, Robert Louis Stevenson, F.W. Maitland, and Thomas Hardy; and the members of his family - Minny, his first wife; his sister-in-law, Anny Ritchie; his son Thoby; and his best beloved second wife, Julia. In his letters, always readable, we find his enthusiasms, his ironic humour, his self-doubt and self-pity, his anguish over his retarded child Laura, his candour, his lively portraits of people and places, his delight in the young - Nessa, Ginia and Thoby, and his direct and easy style as he responds to his reader's interests and needs. This second volume follws the demanding years Stephen spent as Editor of The Dictionary of National Biography, his happy life with Julia until her death in 1895 and his continuing 1st ed. 1996, XXI, 284 p. devotion to literature, a source of much solace in his last years. A product of Palgrave Macmillan UK eBook eBook Available from your bookstore or ▶ springer.com/shop MyCopy Printed eBook for just ▶ € | $ 24.99 ▶ springer.com/mycopy.