Raverat's River Interactive
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The River Cam According to Gwen Raverat Introduction Gwen Raverat, the granddaughter of naturalist Charles Darwin, was born and brought up in Cambridge and pursued an artistic path, including study at The Slade School of Fine Art, London. Her practice was, to a great extent, a diary of her life as a woman in the early and mid 1900’s, depicting scenes from her home city, of her husband, painter Jacques Raverat, as well as imagery from a short period living in the south of France. Substantial collections of her work rest in two Cambridge institutions, Murray Edwards College (Raverat’s work is part of the New Hall Art Collection) and The Fitzwilliam Museum. Working in paint and relief printmaking (usually woodcuts or wood engravings), Gwen Raverat paid great attention to detail and drew on her surroundings for her subject matter. The river Cam appears regularly in her works, as part of the landscape or as the central character of the works, taking the viewer’s eye under bridges and along the buildings of Cambridge. This publication sets out and maps a selection of Raverat’s work, pinpointing the location where she captured her chosen subjects. In the course of the research, discoveries and connections that have been found are noted alongside each work, together with relevant other material such as geographical and access information. Created as part of a project capturing contemporary visual responses to Raverat’s rivers, the publication forms a component of a wider enquiry entitled To The River. To The River is a public art commission to celebrate the story of the river Cam in Cambridge. The commission is being undertaken by artist Caroline Wright during 2018/19 and comprises community engagement events, and a public artwork for the river. The project website can be seen here: https://totheriver.info The contents of this document have been compiled as accurately as possible and in good faith, however identified locations are based on historic and sometimes variable information and cannot therefore be guaranteed. - 1 - The Family Tree Father’s Side William Sara Sedgwick m 1839 - 1914 1839 - 1902 1877 (Uncle William) (Aunt Sara) Gwen m Jacques Raverat Henrietta R.B Litchfield m b. 1885 1843 - 1927 1832 - 1903 1871 (Aunt Etty) (Uncle Richard) Charles m Katherine Pember b. 1887 George Maud Du Puy m 1845 - 1912 1861 - 1947 Margaret m Geoffrey Keynes 1884 (Father) (Mother) b. 1890 William m Monica Slingsby Elizabeth (Billy) b. 1894 1847 - 1926 Charles Darwin (Aunt Bessy) 1809 - 1882 Amy Ruck Bernard m Elinor Monsell (Grandfather) 1874 m 1839 1850 - 1876 b. 1876 Emma Wedgwood Francis 1808-1896 Ellen Crofts Francis m Francis Cornford 1848 - 1925 m (Grandmamma) 1883 1856-1903 b. 1886 (Uncle Frank) (Aunt Ellen) Florence Maitland 1913 d 1920 Elizabeth Frazer 1882 1846 - 1898 Leonard (Aunt Bee) 1850 - 1943 m (Uncle Lenny) Mildred Erasmus Massingberd 1900 b. 1881-1915 1868 - 1940 (Mildred) Ruth m W.Rees Thomas b. 1883 Horace Ida Farrer m 1851 - 1943 1854-1946 1880 Nora m Alan Barlow (Uncle Horace) (Aunt Ida) b. 1885 Gwen Raverat: Wood Engravings of Cambridge and Surroundings, ed. by Rosemary Davidson (Cambridge: Broughton House Books, 2003), p. 81-84 - 2 - The Family Tree Mother’s Side John Du Puy The Rev. John (of Philadelphia) Reynolds Charles Meredith Du Puy of Ellen Reynolds Caroline Reynolds (1) 1856 Adam Slemmer m m Philadelphia (Grandmother) (Great Aunt) d. 1868 1853 1823 - 1898 1833 - 1898 1840 - 1930 (Grandfather) (2) 1874 Richard Jebb d. 1905 Maud Du Puy 1861 - 1947 (Mother) Gwen Raverat: Wood Engravings of Cambridge and Surroundings, ed. by Rosemary Davidson (Cambridge: Broughton House Books, 2003), p. 81-84 - 3 - Timeline 1885 Gwendolen Mary born at Newnham Grange in Cambridge, the eldest child of George Darwin, son of Charles Darwin, and Maud Darwin (nee Du Puy), from Philadelphia. 1885-1892 Early childhood spent largely in the company of the Darwin tribe of cousins who lived in nearby large houses - Wychficld, The Grove and The Orchard. Learned to play the piano and later the flute. Lessons in reading, writing, poetry, geometry and arithmetic from her mother. Visits all through childhood to Down House, the Darwin family House in Kent. 1892 Started lessons with a day governess. 1894 French governess in summer vacation. Started drawing lessons with Miss Green. 1895 Visit to America. 1898 Accompanied her father to Geodetic Congress in Stuttgart, visited Heidelberg and Amsterdam to see Rembrandt exhibition - ‘Rembrandt became my God’. 1898-1901 Studied French, German, Latin, English Literature and experimental Physics with various tutors. Discovered the work of the father of modern wood engraving, Thomas Bewick. 1902-04 Attended Levana, a small private boarding school at Wimbledon Park. 1903 Accompanied her father to a conference in Copenhagen, visited Sweden. 1904-06 Cambridge again - music lessons, drawing classes, life classes, first attempts at painting. Began to be interested in social questions, became involved in a survey on poverty in Cambridge. 1905 Visit to Switzerland to keep her cousin Frances company during a depression, stopping in Paris to visit the Louvre, the Tuileries and Notre Dame. 1906 Accompanied her father to a conference in Budapest, visited Prague and Vienna. Time spent at a small private art school in London. Start of contact with the Stephen family (Vanessa, Thoby, Virginia, Adrian) and group of friends to become known as ‘Bloomsbury’. Attended a woman’s suffrage meeting in London. 1907 Another spell at a private art school. Visit to Frances in Switzerland. Saw Marlowe Society’s production of Marlowe’s ‘Doctor Faustus’, Rupert Brooke playing Mephistophilis. 1908 Met Rupert Brooke through involvement in Marlowe Society’s production of Milton’s ‘Comus’: casting, designing and making costumes with her cousin Frances. Entered Slade school of Painting and Drawing in London. She was taught drawing by Henry Tonks, painting by Philip Wilson Steer, art history by D.S.MacColl and Roger Fry. Met fellow students Mark Gertler and Stanley Spencer. Interest in graphic art, began to experiment in printmaking, particularly woodcuts. Gwen Raverat: Wood Engravings of Cambridge and Surroundings, ed. by Rosemary Davidson (Cambridge: Broughton House Books, 2003), p. 81-84 - 4 - Timeline 1909 Began to see more of the Stephen family in London. Visited Augustus John and entourage at Grantchester. Met Rupert Brooke’s friend Jacques Raverat (who had been at Emmanuel) now back in Cambridge and in love with Rupert’s friend Ka Cox. 1910 Jacques enrolled at the Slade, became close to Gwen. Gwen visited Holland, and Paris with Ka Cox. Met by Jacques, who took them off to his father’s chateau at Prunoy. Back in London, working on paintings and series of small wood engravings, exhibited at Friday Club exhibition. Good reviews, seven sales and a commission resulted. Visited Roger Fry’s ‘Manet and the Post-Impressionists’ exhibition. Rupert’s group of friends - Jacques, Ka, Frances and Gwen - dubbed ‘Neo-Pagans’ by Bloomsbury. 1911 Jacques and Gwen engaged. Reception for 350 at Newnham Grange, according to Darwin’s parents’ wishes, followed by fancy-dress supper party for friends. A week later Registry Office marriage. Painting honeymoon at West Lulworth, then at Prunoy. Summer at Protigny (meeting of philosophers and poets including André Gide) and in the Alps. Moved to St Paul’s Studios in London. 1912 West Lulworth and Alpes Maritimes. Gwen’s first experience of mountain climbing. Summer at Prunoy. Returned to Cambridge, staying at Newnham Grange - Gwen’s father ill with cancer. Returned Manor Farm at Croydon, 15 miles from Cambridge. Second Post- Impressionist exhibition organised by Roger Fry in London. Gwen lent Stanley Spencer’s ‘John Donne arriving in Heaven’. Started making wood engravings of religious subjects, some originating in Jacques’ drawings, influenced by Eric Gill. ‘The Visitation’ accepted for Friday Club exhibition in London. Death of her father. 1913 Large oil painting of same subject, now entitled ‘Two Women’, accepted for New English Art Club exhibition. 1914 Two wood engravings accepted by the New English Art Club. Visit with Jacques to Italy: Padua, Ravenna, Florence (with André Gide), Arezzo, San Sepolcro, Gubbio, Assisi. Gwen moved out of Manor Farm, joined Jacques in France, illness now diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. 1915 Returned to Newnham Grange, holidayed in Cornwall. Worked on wood engravings to illustrate Frances Cornford’s poems, ‘Spring Morning’. Moved into Conduit Head (Cornfords’ House). Death of Rupert Brooke devastated Gwen and Jacques and drew many friends to Cambridge and Conduit Head. Jacques and Gwen painted fresco, ‘Mediterranean Landscape’ (resembling landscape where Rupert Brooke died), in the house. Moved to Darnall’s Hall, Weston, near Stevenage. 1916 Elisabeth Jacqueline Raverat born to Gwen and Jacques at Newnham Grange. Back at Weston Gwen concentrated on looking after the baby and growing vegetables. Jacques spent all the time his health allowed painting. 1918 Visit of Gide to Weston and Cambridge. Both Gwen and Jacques had paintings in New English Art Club exhibition; increasingly her work as wood engraver attracting critical attention - illustrations to old ballads and small landscapes. 1919 Sophie Jane Raverat born at Newnham Grange. Gwen Raverat: Wood Engravings of Cambridge and Surroundings, ed. by Rosemary Davidson (Cambridge: Broughton House Books, 2003), p. 81-84 - 5 - Timeline 1920 Gwen exhibited 92 prints at Herbert Furst’s Little Art Rooms in London and later 20 to 30 paintings and prints in the Cambridge Magazine Shop in Cambridge. Gwen became one of ten founder members of the Society of Wood-Engravers, showed ten prints in opening exhibition and then regularly at annual exhibitions. Monograph on her work by Herbert Furst (including 14 prints) published in ‘Modern Wood-cutters’. Recognised as main figure in revival of wood engraving. Darnall’s Hall sub-let, Jacques, Gwen and children set off for France: first to Escures (where Jacques’ father now lived) and then to Vence, 1000 feet up, six miles from the Mediterranean.