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Unit 2 Setting
History of Television Broadcasting Unit 2 Unit-2: HISTORY OF TELEVISION BROAD- CASTING UNIT STRUCTURE 2.1 Learning Objectives 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Origin and Development of Television 2.4 Transmission of Television System 2.5 Broadcasting 2.6 Colour Television 2.7 Cable Television 2.8 Television News 2.9 Digital Television 2.10 High Definition Television 2.11 Let Us Sum Up 2.12 Further Reading 2.13 Answers to Check Your Progress 2.14 Model Questions 2.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to - describe the evolution of television discuss the discoveries made by the pioneer of television inventors analyse the television technology development list the recent trend of Digital Television 2.2 INTRODUCTION In the previous unit we were introduced to the television medium, its features and its impact and reach. The unit also provides the distinctions between television and the audio medium. In this unit we shall discuss Electronic Media-Television 23 Unit 2 History of Television Broadcasting about the overview ofthe history of television, inventions, early technological development and the new trends in the television industry around the globe. 2.3 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION Television has become one of the important parts of our everyday life. It is a general known fact that television is not only providing the news and information but it is also entertaining us with its variety of programme series and shows. A majority of home-makers cannot think about spending theirafternoon leisure time withoutthe dose of daily soap opera; a concerned citizen cannot think of skipping the prime time in news channel or a sports lover in India cannot miss a live cricket match. -
World Converter Model WC-01 User and Technical Manual
World Converter Model WC-01 User and Technical Manual Copyright 2008-10 Aurora Design LLC. Revision 1.8 1 January, 2010 All specifications subject to change www.tech-retro.com Introduction Introduction This manual covers the operation and technical aspects of the Aurora Design World Converter. This Converter is designed to accept any standard color NTSC, PAL or SECAM video signal and convert to one of many different output standards, both electronic and mechanical. Features • Compact, low power, surface mount design • Front panel 20 character / 2 line high contrast LCD and rotary encoders • Agile built-in RF Modulator: - Programmable between 28.5-880MHz - Supports positive/negative video and AM/FM audio modulation schemes - Preprogrammed with 31 RF Systems and over 800 channels - Custom User configurable RF System with up to 32 unique channels • Converter bypass mode for use as stand alone RF Modulator • Extremely stable output: +/- 3% levels, +/- 50ppm timing • Extremely accurate algorithms used for conversions: - Three line interpolation on all electronic standards - All internal calculations done to a minimum 14 bit precision • 10 bit professional grade video decoder • 2 high speed 12 bit video D/A’s for greater than 66dB dynamic range • 3 medium speed 12 bit video D/A’s for mechanical RGB output • 4 low speed 12 bit D/A’s for system control • 256Mb or 512Mb FLASH Image Memory for storing of custom images • 128Mb SDRAM holds eight 10 bit images with 63 mega-pixel/sec performance • 500K gate equivalent, 300Kb RAM FieldProgrammableGateArray -
Reading Between the Lines
volume 01 issue 02/2012 READING BETWEEN THE LINES A TRANSNATIONAL HISTORY OF THE FRANCO-BRITISH ‘ENTENTE CORDIALE’ IN POST-WAR TELEVISION1 Andreas Fickers Maastricht University Grote Gracht 90-92 Postbox 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands [email protected] Andy O’Dwyer BBC Research Centre House 56 Wood Lane W12 7SB London United Kingdom [email protected] Abstract: In 1950 and 1952, the British Broadcast Corporation (BBC) and Radio Télévision Française (RTF) realized the first transnational television transmissions ever. The so called ‘Calais Experiment’ (1950) and the ‘Paris Week’ (1952) were celebrated as historic landmarks in European television and celebrated as a new ‘entente cordiale’ between the two countries. This article aims at highlighting some of the tensions that surrounded the realization of these first experiments in transnational television by embedding the historic events into the broader context of television development in Europe and by emphasizing the hidden techno- political interests at stake. In line with current trends in transnational and European television historiography, the article analyses transnational media events as performances that highlight the complex interplay of the technical, institutional and symbolic dimension of television as a transnational infrastructure. Keywords: Transnational history, BBC, RTF, Eurovision, experimental television 1 Introduction What is generally praised as the first instance of transnational television and an historic landmark in European television history, the Franco-British ‘Calais experiment’ of August 1950 and the ‘Paris week’ of July 1952, is in fact a perfect showcase to demonstrate both the ambitions and the challenges of institutionalising the new medium of television as a “champion national” both in Britain and in France. -
The Evolution of Science-Fiction Films and Novels
2010 JUMP By Douglas Fenech, Christian Gradwohl & Jan Westren-Doll [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE??] [This research paper looks at a selection of science-fiction films and its connection with the progression of the television, the telephone and print media. It also analyzes statistical data obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the research group regarding communication media.] January 1, 2010 [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE OR CHANGE IT?] Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Science-fiction filmmakers are not modern day Leonardo da Vinci’s…………………………………………5 Predictions of the future in science-fiction films and novels………………………………………………………6 History of the future………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 The evolution of science-fiction films and novels.........................................................................11 A look into Television....................................................................................................................13 Mechanical Television.......................................................................................................13 Electronic Television.........................................................................................................14 Colour Television..............................................................................................................15 The Remote Control..........................................................................................................16 -
Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-Operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936
Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936 A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the faculty of Life Sciences 2011 Paul Marshall Table of contents List of figures .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 5 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 List of tables ................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 Abstract .................................................................................................................... -
City of Light: the Story of Fiber Optics
City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics JEFF HECHT OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS City of Light THE SLOAN TECHNOLOGY SERIES Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb Richard Rhodes Dream Reaper: The Story of an Old-Fashioned Inventor in the High-Stakes World of Modern Agriculture Craig Canine Turbulent Skies: The History of Commercial Aviation Thomas A. Heppenheimer Tube: The Invention of Television David E. Fisher and Marshall Jon Fisher The Invention that Changed the World: How a Small Group of Radar Pioneers Won the Second World War and Launched a Technological Revolution Robert Buderi Computer: A History of the Information Machine Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century Bettyann Kevles A Commotion in the Blood: A Century of Using the Immune System to Battle Cancer and Other Diseases Stephen S. Hall Beyond Engineering: How Society Shapes Technology Robert Pool The One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency Robert Kanigel Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age Michael Riordan and Lillian Hoddesen Insisting on the Impossible: The Life of Edwin Land, Inventor of Instant Photography Victor McElheny City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics Jeff Hecht Visions of Technology: A Century of Provocative Readings edited by Richard Rhodes Last Big Cookie Gary Dorsey (forthcoming) City of Light The Story of Fiber Optics JEFF HECHT 1 3 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sa˜o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright ᭧ 1999 by Jeff Hecht Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. -
Television, Farnsworth and Sarnoff
by AARON SORKIN directed by NICK BOWLING STUDY GUIDE prepared by Maren Robinson, Dramaturg This Study Guide for The Farnsworth Invention was prepared by Maren Robinson and edited by Lara Goetsch for TimeLine Theatre, its patrons and educational outreach. Please request permission to use these materials for any subsequent production. © TimeLine Theatre 2010 — — STUDY GUIDE — Table of Contents The Playwright: Aaron Sorkin .................................................................................... 3 The History: Sorkin’s Artistic License ........................................................................ 3 The People: Philo T. Farnsworth ................................................................................. 4 The People: David Sarnoff ........................................................................................... 6 The People: Other Players ........................................................................................... 8 Television: The Business ........................................................................................... 14 The Radio Corporation of America Patent Pool ................................................ 14 Other Players in Early Radio and Television ................................................... 16 Television: The Science .............................................................................................. 16 Timeline of Selected Events: Television, Farnsworth and Sarnoff .......................... 20 Television by the Numbers ....................................................................................... -
Philo T Farnsworth: Electronic Television
Mawlam 1 ____________________________ “Seeing Is Believing” Philo T Farnsworth: Electronic Television Breaking Barriers in Mass Communication By Caleb Mawlam 500 Words Senior Division Documentary ____________________________ Mawlam 2 Process Paper With the NHD competition approaching, I wanted to research a topic from Idaho as I moved there from England when I was 10. However the topic also needed to fit the theme: “Breaking Barriers in History.” When I was looking for a subject, I came across a man who, when my age, lived in Rigby, a small town 11 miles from my house. His name was Philo T Farnsworth and he invented electronic television. At age 14, while ploughing the fields similar to the ones around my house, he came up with the idea that would change the world. I knew that this was going to fit the theme very well because electronic television broke a numerous amount of barriers in history. I loved researching electronic television, Philo’s life and the impact his invention has had on the world; one that we take for granted today. Finding primary and secondary sources was a demanding challenge. This was because Philo Farnsworth was actually not that famous when he invented the television. The Radio Corporation of America historically takes most credit for being the company that successfully commercialized Electric TV rather than its inventor, Philo Farnsworth. Even though the research was hard, I was able to find enough sources by going deeper into archives, biographies, newsletters etc. Since my project was a documentary, I needed to find as much footage and photos as possible. -
Media Technology and Society
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Media Technology and Society offers a comprehensive account of the history of communications technologies, from the telegraph to the Internet. Winston argues that the development of new media, from the telephone to computers, satellite, camcorders and CD-ROM, is the product of a constant play-off between social necessity and suppression: the unwritten ‘law’ by which new technologies are introduced into society. Winston’s fascinating account challenges the concept of a ‘revolution’ in communications technology by highlighting the long histories of such developments. The fax was introduced in 1847. The idea of television was patented in 1884. Digitalisation was demonstrated in 1938. Even the concept of the ‘web’ dates back to 1945. Winston examines why some prototypes are abandoned, and why many ‘inventions’ are created simultaneously by innovators unaware of each other’s existence, and shows how new industries develop around these inventions, providing media products for a mass audience. Challenging the popular myth of a present-day ‘Information Revolution’, Media Technology and Society is essential reading for anyone interested in the social impact of technological change. Brian Winston is Head of the School of Communication, Design and Media at the University of Westminster. He has been Dean of the College of Communications at the Pennsylvania State University, Chair of Cinema Studies at New York University and Founding Research Director of the Glasgow University Media Group. His books include Claiming the Real (1995). As a television professional, he has worked on World in Action and has an Emmy for documentary script-writing. MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY A HISTORY: FROM THE TELEGRAPH TO THE INTERNET BrianWinston London and New York First published 1998 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 2015 No. 102 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was Despite all the furor, there is only lies? Well, the proposal that I have in- called to order by the Speaker pro tem- one solution which is broadly sup- troduced would cost less than 25 cents pore (Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee). ported, which is easy to implement, a day, and those families that would f and which does the job. That solution pay the increased user fees are suf- is raising the gas tax. fering over $350 a year damage to their DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO Now, we heard at the hearing on vehicles from poorly maintained roads. TEMPORE Ways and Means the three basic argu- The American Society of Civil Engi- The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- ments that are offered against that: neers suggests that that cost per fam- fore the House the following commu- that it is not politically possible, that ily is going to be over a $1,000 a year by nication from the Speaker: there is really no time to do this so we 2020. And the American public is pay- WASHINGTON, DC, have to extend it to the end of the ing by being stuck in traffic, in conges- June 24, 2015. year, and that this would somehow be a tion, costing $120 billion a year. It I hereby appoint the Honorable JOHN J. -
The History of Television
The History of Television Television was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people working together and alone over the years, contributed to the evolution of television. At the dawn of television history there were two distinct paths of technology experimented with by researchers. Early inventors attempted to either build a mechanical television system based on the technology of Paul Nipkow's rotating disks; or they attempted to build an electronic television system using a cathode ray tube developed independently in 1907 by English inventor A.A. Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing. Electronic television systems worked better and eventual replaced mechanical systems. German, Paul Nipkow developed a rotating-disc technology to transmit pictures over wire in 1884 called the Nipkow disk. Paul Nipkow was the first person to discover television's scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an image are successively analyzed and transmitted. In the 1920's, John Logie Baird patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television. Baird's 30 line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes. John Logie Baird based his technology on Paul Nipkow's scanning disc idea and later developments in electronics. Charles Jenkins invented a mechanical television system called radiovision and claimed to have transmitted the earliest moving silhouette images on June 14, 1923. Electronic television is based on the development of the cathode ray tube, which is the picture tube found in modern TV sets. German scientist, Karl Braun invented the cathode ray tube oscilloscope (CRT) in 1897. -
The Achievement of Television: the Quality and Features of John
Investigations into the Emergence of British Television 1926-1936 1 Investigations into the Emergence of British Television 1926-1936 November 2017 A Critical Review submitted to Aberystwyth University in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD by Published Work) in the Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies Donald F McLean Aberystwyth University Investigations into the Emergence of British Television 1926-1936 2 Abstract This Critical Review discusses the significance of the author’s published works and their impact on the history of the emergence of British television between 1926 and 1936. Although events in television within this period have since been well- documented, the related debates have tended to be specialist in scope and restricted to technology-centric or institution-centric viewpoints. Within this period of complex, rapid technological change, the author’s published works introduce the principle of embracing multiple disciplines for comparative analysis. The author’s application of that principle opens up long- established views for further debate and provides a re-assessment of early British television within a broader context. The rewards of this approach are a view of events that not only avoids nationalistic bias and restrictions of a single institutional viewpoint, but also tackles the complex interdependencies of technology, of service provision and of content creation. These published works draw attention to the revolutionary improvements that enabled the BBC’s 1936 service and the re-definition of television, yet also emphasise the significance of the previous television broadcast services. The most important innovation within these works has been the author’s discovery and in-depth study of artefacts from that earlier period.