DOCSLIB.ORG

City of Light: the Story of Fiber Optics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
City of Light: the Story of Fiber Optics City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics JEFF HECHT OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS City of Light THE SLOAN TECHNOLOGY SERIES Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb Richard Rhodes Dream Reaper: The Story of an Old-Fashioned Inventor in the High-Stakes World of Modern Agriculture Craig Canine Turbulent Skies: The History of Commercial Aviation Thomas A. Heppenheimer Tube: The Invention of Television David E. Fisher and Marshall Jon Fisher The Invention that Changed the World: How a Small Group of Radar Pioneers Won the Second World War and Launched a Technological Revolution Robert Buderi Computer: A History of the Information Machine Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century Bettyann Kevles A Commotion in the Blood: A Century of Using the Immune System to Battle Cancer and Other Diseases Stephen S. Hall Beyond Engineering: How Society Shapes Technology Robert Pool The One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency Robert Kanigel Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age Michael Riordan and Lillian Hoddesen Insisting on the Impossible: The Life of Edwin Land, Inventor of Instant Photography Victor McElheny City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics Jeff Hecht Visions of Technology: A Century of Provocative Readings edited by Richard Rhodes Last Big Cookie Gary Dorsey (forthcoming) City of Light The Story of Fiber Optics JEFF HECHT 1 3 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sa˜o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright ᭧ 1999 by Jeff Hecht Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2004 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hecht, Jeff. City of light : the story of fiber optics / by Jeff Hecht. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-510818-3; 0-19-516255-2 (pbk.) 1. Fiber optics. I. Title. TA1800.H42 1999 621.36'92—dc21 98-6135 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Lois, Leah, and Jolyn THE SLOAN TECHNOLOGY SERIES Technology is the application of science, engineering, and industrial organization to create a human-built world. It has led, in developed nations, to a standard of living inconceivable a hundred years ago. The process, however, is not free of stress; by its very nature, technology brings change in society and undermines convention. It affects virtually every aspect of human endeavor: private and public institutions, economic systems, communications networks, political structures, in- ternational affiliations, the organization of societies, and the condition of human lives. The effects are not one-way; just as technology changes society, so too do societal structures, attitudes, and mores affect technology. But perhaps because technology is so rapidly and completely assimilated, the profound interplay of technology and other social endeavors in modern history has not been sufficiently recognized. The Sloan Foundation has had a long-standing interest in deepening public understanding about modern technology, its origins, and its impact on our lives. The Sloan Technology Series, of which the present volume is a part, seeks to present to the general reader the stories of the development of critical twentieth- century technologies. The aim of the series is to convey both the technical and human dimensions of the subject: the invention and effort entailed in devising the technologies and the comforts and stresses they have introduced into contempo- rary life. As the century draws to an end, it is hoped that the series will disclose a past that might provide perspective on the present and inform the future. The Foundation has been guided in its development of the Sloan Technology Series by a distinguished advisory committee. We express deep gratitude to John Armstrong, Simon Michael Bessie, Samuel Y. Gibbon, Thomas P. Hughes, Victor McElheny, Robert K. Merton, Elting E. Morison (deceased), and Richard Rhodes. The Foundation has been represented on the committee by Ralph E. Gomory, Arthur L. Singer, Jr., Hirsh G. Cohen, and Doron Weber. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Preface to the Paperback Edition ‘‘It’s not over,’’ Don Keck told me in 1995 when I interviewed him about the development of fiber optics. The intervening years proved he was right. The bandwidth revolution that Will Hicks foresaw has come to pass. Indeed, the revolution has had consequences that no one expected. For the first time, the telecommunications industry had more bandwidth than it knew what to do with. Combined with the emergence of the World Wide Web and expan- sion of the Internet, the bandwidth revolution has taken the fiber-optics world on a roller-coaster ride that has soared to the heights of overnight wealth and plummeted to the depths of economic ruin. A new epilogue reflects those tumultuous times. My original story wound down with the completion of the global fiber-optic telecommunications net- work around 1990. The epilogue covers the bandwidth revolution. It starts with the technology that opened the door, the optical amplifier, which I had mentioned only briefly before. Then it shows the origins of the boom in optical networks, which evolved into the telecommunications bubble that led to to- day’s economic bust. The dot.com companies that grew with the Internet started the technology stock bubble, but fiber-optic communication rode it to the bitter end. The bold dream of a planet-spanning network wound up in bankruptcy court. The story of fiber optics isn’t complete without the tale of the boom, the bubble, and the bust. I have room here to cover it only briefly. Having ridden that particular roller coaster, I’m still a bit wobbly on my feet, trying to understand what really happened. Telecommunications was swept up in the economic tempest of a speculative bubble, like railroads were in the late nine- viii PREFACE TO THE PAPERBACK EDITION teenth century. Railroads remained the backbone of national transporta- tion systems for a century. Likewise, fiber will remain the backbone of the global telecommunication network, although individual companies will come and go. I have taken advantage of this new edition to correct mistakes and omissions in the first. I owe particular thanks to Bob Maurer, Don Keck, and Bill Wolf for their comments and reflections. The part of the epilogue covering optical amplifiers is based in part on my article ‘‘The evolution of optical amplifiers,’’ in the August 2002 issue of Optics & Photonics News. I think Lisa Rosenthal for commissioning the article, and Dave Payne, Emmanuel Desurvire, and Larry Johnson for helping with my research on optical amplifiers. Preface When I started to explore the history of fiber optics, I had no idea the origins of what seemed such a young technology dated back more than a century and a half. Yet the more I dug, the farther the roots stretched, back in time, around the world, and across disciplines. I found forgotten heroes, discovered mistakes in the sketchy standard histories, and tried to untangle a few lin- gering mysteries. I learned how a powerful new technology evolved to fill the needs of our society. The basic concept behind fiber optics began as a thing of beauty, but Vic- torian scientists saw it as little more than a parlor trick to play with light. Over the decades, others borrowed the idea, inventing and re-inventing ways to guide light. The trickle of innovation reached a critical mass in the 1950s, and the young technology slowly emerged into the world. More advances followed, including a series of breakthroughs that in twenty years transformed a crazy idea into the backbone of the global telecommunications network. My job here is to tell the story of fiber optics. If I were writing a novel, my hero might make an elegant invention in her basement, struggle for years to perfect and market the idea, and ultimately become the multibillionaire head of an industrial empire. Modern technology doesn’t work like that, making the tale both more complex and more fascinating. No one genius did it all. It took a cast of thousands to develop the essential pieces and assemble them into working systems. Think of it as a city of light, a still-growing community building a structure elegant in concept and useful in function. I’ve had the good fortune to spend many years watching and writing about that richly textured place. It’s full of struggles and successes, x PREFACE bright and beautiful ideas, and fireside tales told relaxing with old friends. I have tried to fill this book with that spirit. I owe many people thanks for making this book possible. A generous grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation gave me the time and resources for the job. Art Singer of the Sloan Foundation supplied help and encouragement well beyond the financial support. Victor McElheny generously helped me with my proposal; he and John Armstrong gave thoughtful feedback on my manuscript. My Oxford editor, Kirk Jensen, patiently guided me to tell the story and explain the technology clearly. Thanks also to my agent, Jeanne Hanson, and to Helen Gavaghan for telling me about the Sloan program. The story of the origins of light guiding draws heavily on careful research by the late Kaye Weedon, who found the earliest accounts of demonstrations by Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • All-City Annual
    ALL-CITY ANNUAL 1 Cover: John Watson HOLA. Thank you for your friendship and support IN our efforts to do good work, make nice things, and further the culture and community of cycling. XOXO, THE ALL-CITY TEAM 1 2 LOG LADY We love singletrack; we love being in the woods; we love it when the going gets tight, techy and nasty. We are beyond excited to bring that love further into the All-City lexicon with our first true mtb: The Log Lady. A.C.E. tubing, 27.5 wheels, singlespeed perfection All photos: John Watson 4 Charlie B. Ward #SQUAD For 2016, the All-City X Fulton cross team is 35 members strong and will be organizing 3 of the races on our local calendar. We are very proud of their contribution to our local cross community. With the addition of All-City X Blackhand in the mid-Atlantic and All-City X Alpha in Colorado, we’re expanding into several other areas of the country this Fall. Look for an All-City team rider on a cross course near you! 5 Todd Bauer NATURE GIRL: RIDE IT ALL WEEK RACE IT ON THE WEEKEND 6 Todd Bauer 7 KOSHI: SPEED & STYLE Our main man in Japan, Masahiro Koshiyama, or “Koshi” to his friends, is the only Category 1 cross racer in Japan to exclusively race single speed. He’s also an active BMX’er, helping to run many events and contests in his home country. His mantra is “Speed & Style” and he never fails to make cross racing look good! Photos: Kei Tsuji 8 Ryohei Wada 9 10 that could help me turn the page of my story.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2014
    FREE DECEMBER 2014 Dural > Mid-Dural > Round Corner > Cherrybrook > Annangrove > Kenthurst > Glenhaven > Arcadia > Glenorie > Galston The Place to Be for TLC See page 5 www.duralchamber.org.au PRESIDENT’S REPORT Merry Christmas & Happy New Year! By Rod Cuevas On behalf of our chamber executive I wish all our readers, chamber members, shop keepers, businesses and schools in Dural and our district a wonderful Christmas and New Year. t’s been a busy year for our chamber and I’d especially like to thank our hard Iworking volunteers for the fantastic effort that they gave all year long. DRINKS ON THE VILLAGE GREEN At the time of writing this event is to happen on 5 December at Round Corner, so in advance I hope you all have had a great time and I thank all those generous businesses that donated food and beverage. I extend a special thank you to those that helped out last year, Anthony’s Gourmet Meats, Flame N Chooks, Bel Fiore Wood Fire Pizza and Vintage Cellars Round Corner. Thank you to Peter Dawson and the executive members that made this Christmas celebration such a warm and friendly event. BEST DRESSED SHOP Judging would have been completed and the three winners of the Best Dressed shop would have been announced at our Drinks on the Village Green Christmas celebration. Well done to the winners and we look forward to announcing the winners in our February edition of the Dooral Roundup. MEETINGS Our next meeting is our Annual General Meeting to be held at Allure Restaurant from 6pm on 11 February 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureates Endorse Joe Biden
    Nobel Laureates endorse Joe Biden 81 American Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine have signed this letter to express their support for former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 election for President of the United States. At no time in our nation’s history has there been a greater need for our leaders to appreciate the value of science in formulating public policy. During his long record of public service, Joe Biden has consistently demonstrated his willingness to listen to experts, his understanding of the value of international collaboration in research, and his respect for the contribution that immigrants make to the intellectual life of our country. As American citizens and as scientists, we wholeheartedly endorse Joe Biden for President. Name Category Prize Year Peter Agre Chemistry 2003 Sidney Altman Chemistry 1989 Frances H. Arnold Chemistry 2018 Paul Berg Chemistry 1980 Thomas R. Cech Chemistry 1989 Martin Chalfie Chemistry 2008 Elias James Corey Chemistry 1990 Joachim Frank Chemistry 2017 Walter Gilbert Chemistry 1980 John B. Goodenough Chemistry 2019 Alan Heeger Chemistry 2000 Dudley R. Herschbach Chemistry 1986 Roald Hoffmann Chemistry 1981 Brian K. Kobilka Chemistry 2012 Roger D. Kornberg Chemistry 2006 Robert J. Lefkowitz Chemistry 2012 Roderick MacKinnon Chemistry 2003 Paul L. Modrich Chemistry 2015 William E. Moerner Chemistry 2014 Mario J. Molina Chemistry 1995 Richard R. Schrock Chemistry 2005 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry 2001 Sir James Fraser Stoddart Chemistry 2016 M. Stanley Whittingham Chemistry 2019 James P. Allison Medicine 2018 Richard Axel Medicine 2004 David Baltimore Medicine 1975 J. Michael Bishop Medicine 1989 Elizabeth H. Blackburn Medicine 2009 Michael S.
    [Show full text]
  • AT&T Usadirect
    AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide How USADirect® Works 02 Access Codes 03 Dialing Instructions 06 Language Assistance 08 Tips & Timesavers 09 Frequently Asked Questions 10 AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide How USADirect® Works AT&T USADirect® is ideal for frequent international travelers who want to save money on calls back to the U.S. while traveling abroad. Just sign up, and then use an AT&T USADirect access number to connect to the AT&T U.S. network. Once connected, you can call anywhere in the U.S. quickly, easily, and dependably. AT&T USADirect accepts the AT&T Corporate and Consumer Calling Cards, as well as AT&T PrePaid Phone Cards. You can also use your commercial credit cards from many countries, subject to availability. Payment terms are subject to your credit card agreement. If you're an AT&T long-distance customer, you have the option of billing calls to your AT&T residential long-distance account. To find out more or to sign up, call toll-free 1-800-731-8230 or 1-800-435-0812. 2 AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide Access Codes Albania 00-800-0010 Bulgaria 00-800-0010 Egypt Showing Countries American Samoa Cambodia 1-800-881-001 Cairo 2510-0200 Starting with 1-800-225-5288 Canada 1-800-CALL-ATT Outside Cairo 02-2510-0200 Al-Ho Cayman Islands Angola 808-000-011 1-800-225-5288 El Salvador 800-1785 Anguilla 1-800-225-5288 Estonia 800-12001 Legends: Antigua Fiji 004-890-1001 U.S. - United States MB - Miltary Bases #1 Chile Finland 0-800-11-0015 # - Pound Key Select Hotels 1-800-225-5288 Telmex 800-225-288 France SS - Service Suspended Argentina ENTEL 800-360-311 Hotels 1 0-800-99-1011 Telecom 0-800-555-4288 ENTEL {Spanish} 800-360-312 Hotels 2 0-800-99-1111 Note: Telefonica 0-800-222-1288 Telefonica 800-800-288 Hotels 3 0-800-99-1211 ^ indicates that you ALA {Spanish} 0-800-288-5288 Telmex 171-00-311 Hotels-Paris Only 0-800-99-0111 should wait for a second dial tone Telmex {Spanish} 171-00-312 France Telecom 0-800-99-0011 before dialing the next number.
    [Show full text]
  • Nfap Policy Brief » O C T O B E R 2017
    NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR AMERICAN POLICY NFAP POLICY BRIEF» O CTOBER 2017 IMMIGRANTS AND NOBEL PRIZES : 1901- 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Immigrants have been awarded 39 percent, or 33 of 85, of the Nobel Prizes won by Americans in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics since 2000. In 2017, the sole American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was an immigrant, Joachim Frank, a Columbia University professor born in Germany. Immigrant Reiner Weiss, who was born in Germany and came to the United States as a teenager, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics, sharing it with two other Americans, Kip S. Thorne and Barry C. Barish. In 2016, all 6 American winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and scientific fields were immigrants. These achievements by immigrants point to the gains to America of welcoming talent from across the globe. It does not mean America should welcome only Nobel Prize winners. Such a policy would be impossible to implement, since most immigrant Nobel Prize winners enter the United States many years before being awarded this honor. Most people immigrate to another country in their 20s, particularly employment-based immigrants, who either study in America or come here to work shortly after obtaining a degree abroad. The average of age of Nobel Prize winners at the time of the award is 59.5 years, according to economist Mark J. Perry.1 Table 1 Immigrant Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics Since 2000 Immigrant Nobel Winners Since 2000 33 of 85 American winners have been immigrants Percentage of Immigrant Winners Since 2000 39% Source: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, National Foundation for American Policy, George Mason University Institute for Immigration Research.
    [Show full text]
  • EXHIBIT 37 Infinity Networks Interstate Tariff Infinity Networks, Inc
    EXHIBIT 37 Infinity Networks Interstate Tariff Infinity Networks, Inc. Interstate/International Rates, Terms and Conditions 6601 Vaught Ranch Road, Suite 101 Original Title Page Austin, Texas 78730 Issued By: Travis Torreyson, Vice President Issued: November 1, 2005 Interstate Rates, Terms and Conditions Provided by Infinity Networks, Inc. This tariff includes the rates, charges, terms and conditions of service for the provision of domestic interstate message telecommunications services to inmates in confinement institutions provided by Infinity Networks, Inc. within the United States and foreign countries. Service is provided by resale of radio, terrestrial facilities, submarine cables, earth terminals and communications satellites in connection with the establishment of communications paths between the locations as specified herein. Printed in USA Infinity Networks, Inc. Interstate/International Rates, Terms and Conditions 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd. Building 4, Suite 100 Third Revised Page 1 Austin, TX 78757 Cancels Second Revised Page 1 Issued By: Maurice Mascorro, Vice President of Sales Issued: August 27, 2010 CHECK SHEET Pages of this RTC, as indicated below, are effective as of the date shown at the bottom of the respective pages. Original and revised pages, as named below, comprise all changes from the original RTC and are currently in effect as of the date on the bottom of this page. PAGE REVISION PAGE REVISION Title Original 26 Original 1 Third Revised * 27 First Revised 2 Original 28 Original 3 Original 29 Original 4 Original 30 Second Revised 5 Original 31 Original 6 Original 32 First Revised * 7 Original 8 Original 9 Original 10 Original 11 Original 12 Original 13 Original 14 Original 15 Original 16 Original 17 Original 18 Original 19 Original 20 Original 21 Original 22 Original 23 Original 24 Original 25 Original * - indicates those pages included with this filing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Telecom Meltdown for a Listing of Recent Titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, Turn to the Back of This Book
    The Great Telecom Meltdown For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Telecommunications Library, turn to the back of this book. The Great Telecom Meltdown Fred R. Goldstein a r techhouse. com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Goldstein, Fred R. The great telecom meltdown.—(Artech House telecommunications Library) 1. Telecommunication—History 2. Telecommunciation—Technological innovations— History 3. Telecommunication—Finance—History I. Title 384’.09 ISBN 1-58053-939-4 Cover design by Leslie Genser © 2005 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-939-4 10987654321 Contents ix Hybrid Fiber-Coax (HFC) Gave Cable Providers an Advantage on “Triple Play” 122 RBOCs Took the Threat Seriously 123 Hybrid Fiber-Coax Is Developed 123 Cable Modems
    [Show full text]
  • April 17-19, 2018 the 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates the 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018
    april 17-19, 2018 The 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates The 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018 Welcome to The Franklin Institute Awards, the a range of disciplines. The week culminates in a grand United States’ oldest comprehensive science and medaling ceremony, befitting the distinction of this technology awards program. Each year, the Institute historic awards program. celebrates extraordinary people who are shaping our In this convocation book, you will find a schedule of world through their groundbreaking achievements these events and biographies of our 2018 laureates. in science, engineering, and business. They stand as We invite you to read about each one and to attend modern-day exemplars of our namesake, Benjamin the events to learn even more. Unless noted otherwise, Franklin, whose impact as a statesman, scientist, all events are free, open to the public, and located in inventor, and humanitarian remains unmatched Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. in American history. Along with our laureates, we celebrate his legacy, which has fueled the Institute’s We hope this year’s remarkable class of laureates mission since its inception in 1824. sparks your curiosity as much as they have ours. We look forward to seeing you during The Franklin From sparking a gene editing revolution to saving Institute Awards Week. a technology giant, from making strides toward a unified theory to discovering the flow in everything, from finding clues to climate change deep in our forests to seeing the future in a terahertz wave, and from enabling us to unplug to connecting us with the III world, this year’s Franklin Institute laureates personify the trailblazing spirit so crucial to our future with its many challenges and opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Mead Art Museum Andrew W. Mellon Faculty Seminar: Jan 15 and 16, 2015
    Mead Art Museum Andrew W. Mellon Faculty Seminar: Jan 15 and 16, 2015 Looking at Glass through an Interdisciplinary Lens: Teaching and Learning with the Mead’s Collection Books: Bach, Hans and Norbert Neuroth, eds. The Properties of Optical Glass. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. Barr, Sheldon. Venetian Glass: Confections in Glass, 1855-1914. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Battie, David and Simon Cottle, eds. Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Glass. London: Conran Octopus, 1991. Blaszczyk, Regina Lee. Imagining Consumers, Design and Innovation from Wedgwood to Corning. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Bradbury, S. The Evolution of the Microscope. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967. Busch, Jason T., and Catherine L. Futter. Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World’s Fairs, 1951-1939. New York, NY: Skira Rizzoli, 2012. Carboni, Stefano and Whitehouse, David. Glass of the Sultans. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Corning, NY: The Corning Museum of Glass; Athens: Benaki Museum; New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Charleston, Robert J. Masterpieces of glass: a world history from the Corning Museum of Glass. 2nd ed.: New York, Harry N. Abrams, 1990. The Corning Museum of Glass. Innovations in Glass. Corning, New York: The Corning Museum of Glass, 1999. Lois Sherr Dubin. The History of Beads: from 30,000 B.C. to the present. London: Thames & Hudson, 2006. Fleming, Stuart. Roman Glass: Reflections of Everyday Life. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1997. ----Roman Glass: Reflections on Cultural Change. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1999. 1 Frelinghuysen, Alice Cooney. Louis Comfort Tiffany at the Metropolitan Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • AWAR Volume 24.Indb
    THE AWA REVIEW Volume 24 2011 Published by THE ANTIQUE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION PO Box 421, Bloomfi eld, NY 14469-0421 http://www.antiquewireless.org i Devoted to research and documentation of the history of wireless communications. Antique Wireless Association P.O. Box 421 Bloomfi eld, New York 14469-0421 Founded 1952, Chartered as a non-profi t corporation by the State of New York. http://www.antiquewireless.org THE A.W.A. REVIEW EDITOR Robert P. Murray, Ph.D. Vancouver, BC, Canada ASSOCIATE EDITORS Erich Brueschke, BSEE, MD, KC9ACE David Bart, BA, MBA, KB9YPD FORMER EDITORS Robert M. Morris W2LV, (silent key) William B. Fizette, Ph.D., W2GDB Ludwell A. Sibley, KB2EVN Thomas B. Perera, Ph.D., W1TP Brian C. Belanger, Ph.D. OFFICERS OF THE ANTIQUE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION DIRECTOR: Tom Peterson, Jr. DEPUTY DIRECTOR: Robert Hobday, N2EVG SECRETARY: Dr. William Hopkins, AA2YV TREASURER: Stan Avery, WM3D AWA MUSEUM CURATOR: Bruce Roloson W2BDR 2011 by the Antique Wireless Association ISBN 0-9741994-8-6 Cover image is of Ms. Kathleen Parkin of San Rafael, California, shown as the cover-girl of the Electrical Experimenter, October 1916. She held both a commercial and an amateur license at 16 years of age. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Printed in Canada by Friesens Corporation Altona, MB ii Table of Contents Volume 24, 2011 Foreword ....................................................................... iv The History of Japanese Radio (1925 - 1945) Tadanobu Okabe .................................................................1 Henry Clifford - Telegraph Engineer and Artist Bill Burns ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Science-Fiction Films and Novels
    2010 JUMP By Douglas Fenech, Christian Gradwohl & Jan Westren-Doll [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE??] [This research paper looks at a selection of science-fiction films and its connection with the progression of the television, the telephone and print media. It also analyzes statistical data obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the research group regarding communication media.] January 1, 2010 [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE OR CHANGE IT?] Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Science-fiction filmmakers are not modern day Leonardo da Vinci’s…………………………………………5 Predictions of the future in science-fiction films and novels………………………………………………………6 History of the future………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 The evolution of science-fiction films and novels.........................................................................11 A look into Television....................................................................................................................13 Mechanical Television.......................................................................................................13 Electronic Television.........................................................................................................14 Colour Television..............................................................................................................15 The Remote Control..........................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • Treball De Fi De Carrera
    TREBALL DE FI DE CARRERA TÍTOL DEL TFC: Integració d’un modul d’audio en software de transmissió de video d’alta qualitat / Audio module integration into high quality video transmission software TITULACIÓ: Enginyeria Tècnica de Telecomunicació, especialitat Sistemes de Telecomunicació AUTOR: Gerard Castillo Lasheras DIRECTOR: Jesús Alcober Segura DATA: 6 de maig de 2011 Títol: Integració d’un modul d’audio en software de transmissió de video d’alta qualitat Autor: Gerard Castillo Lasheras Director: Jesús Alcober Segura Data: 6 de maig de 2011 Resum A continuació es presenta el projecte de fi de carrera “Audio module integration into high quality video transmission software”. Aquest projecte consta de la implementació d’un mòdul d’audio dins del sistema de transmissió de video d’alta qualitat, del software anomenat UltraGrid. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu es realitza l’estudi de quina arquitectura de so, dins de les disponibles conegudes específiques per al núcli Linux, és la més adequada. A més a més, de l’estudi de com es generen les mostres de so des de tots els dispositius capturadors que intervenen, a fi que aquest sistema sigui compatible amb tots els dispositius que s’usen als escenaris que es mostraràn. A més a més del protocol i encapçulament d’aquestes dades per tal d’assegurar-ne la bona adaptació dins els sistema i fer-lo el màxim compatible per a diferents dispositius, formats, mostrejos i altres treballs futurs. Aquesta arquitectura de so escollida ha de permetre la integració del sistema de videconferència UltraGrid amb les tarjetes de so integrades a l’ordinador.
    [Show full text]