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A Study of Italian Quotations in the Comparative Method of Qian Zhongshu

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A Study of Italian Quotations in the Comparative Method of Qian Zhongshu In Others’ Words: A Study of Italian Quotations in the Comparative Method of Qian Zhongshu Tesi di Dottorato in Civiltà, Culture e Società dell‘Asia e dell‘Africa - Curriculum Asia Orientale - Ciclo XXIV Candidato Tutor Tiziana Lioi Prof.ssa Patrizia Dadò Tiziana Lioi In Others’ Words: A Study of Italian Quotations in the Comparative Method Qian Zhongshu A Lioi In Others’ Words: Tiziana ! SAPIENZA!Università!di!Roma! Facoltà!di!Filosofia,!Lettere,!Scienze!umanistiche,! Istituto!Italiano!di!Studi!Orientali! ! ! ! ! ! ! In Others’ Words: A Study of Italian Quotations in the Comparative Method of Qian Zhongshu ! ! ! ! ! ! Tesi!di!Dottorato!in!Civiltà,!Culture!e!Società!dell‘Asia!e! dell‘Africa!E!Curriculum!Asia!Orientale!E!Ciclo!XXIV! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Candidato:!Tiziana!Lioi! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Matricola:!974509! !!!!!!!!Tutor:!Prof.ssa!Patrizia!Dadò! ! 1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (littérature! générale)! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! The$ultimate$intent$of$comparative$literature$is$to$help$us$to$grasp$the$littérature$ générale,$going$so$far$as$to$the$basic$principles$of$human$culture.$In$this$way$not$ only$the$parallel$study$of$Chinese$and$western$literatures$that$oversteps$the$limits$ of$the$real$contacts$is$possible,$but$is$also$of$great$value.$This$kind$of$comparison$ is$precisely$to$be$carried$on$with$a$background$of$different$cultural$systems$and$ the$results$thus$obtained$have$a$universal$significance.$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Qian$Zhongshu$ $ ! ! ! ! ! A$ che$ scopo$ riformulare$ maldestramente$ ciò$ che$ bravi$ scrittori$ hanno$ già$ detto$ così$bene$prima$di$noi?$ $ Why$express$clumsily$what$good$writers$have$already$masterly$written$before$us?$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$Simon$Leys$$ $ ! 3 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4 Index! ! ! Index!...............................................................................................................................!5 Abstract!1!(English)!......................................................................................................!7 Abstract!2!(Chinese)!.....................................................................................................!9 Abstract!3!(Italian)!......................................................................................................!11 Introduction!.................................................................................................................!13 Range!and!purpose!of!the!study!..............................................................................!13 Methodology!and!material!........................................................................................!14 Organization!of!the!work!...........................................................................................!17 Limits!of!the!study!......................................................................................................!19 Acknowledgments!......................................................................................................!20 CHAPTER!!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Brief!outline!of!comparative!literature!studies!in!China!...................................!23 1.1 Chinese!Comparative!Studies!.............................................................................!23 1.2 Qian!Zhongshu!and!comparative!literature!......................................................!35 CHAPTER!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! “It$is$commonly$said$that$human$life$is$a$big$book”:!life!and!works!of! Qian!Zhongshu!...........................................................................................................!43 1910E1935!From!Wuxi!to!Beijing!................................................................................!43 1935E1938!Years!abroad!..............................................................................................!45 1939E1949!From!Shanghai!to!Beijing!.........................................................................!46 The!essays:!Xie$Zai$Rensheng$Bianshang!............................................................!47 Long!and!short!stories:!Ren$Shou$Gui$and$Wei$Cheng!.....................................!47 Discourses!on!Art:!Tan$Yi$Lu!.............................................................................!50 1949E1969!Years!in!Beijing!..........................................................................................!51 The!poetic!side:!Songshi$Xuanzhu!......................................................................!52 1969E1972!Years!downEunder!....................................................................................!53 1972E1998!......................................................................................................................!54 The!masterpiece:!Guan$Zhui$Bian!......................................................................!56 CHAPTER!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Tracing!the!roots!of!Qian!Zhongshu’s!method:!a!long!time!legacy!.................!61 3.1!The!Rong’an!Guan!Zhaji!......................................................................................!67 CHAPTER!4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Writing!marginalia!on!the!book!of!human!life:!the!use!of!quotations!in! the!comparative!method!of!Qian!Zhongshu!.........................................................!73 4.1!Comparing!through!quotations!..........................................................................!87 4.2!Quoting!as!a!mean!of!original!elaboration!........................................................!91 4.3!Quoting!as!a!debate!between!sages!of!the!past!................................................!95 4.4!Juxtaposition!in!quotations:!“datong”!and!striking!combinations!..............!103 5 4.5!Quotations!as!a!looking!glass!.............................................................................!108 4.6!Quotations!as!a!proof!for!truth:!unveiling!mistakes!.......................................!113 4.7!In!others’!words!...................................................................................................!117 CHAPTER!5.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Italian!quotations!in!Qian!Zhongshu’s!works:!a!mutual!illumination!..........!123 5.1!From!Dante!to!Leopardi:!past!theories!into!the!present!................................!124 5.1.1!Dante!...........................................................................................................!126 5.1.2!Petrarca!.......................................................................................................!138 5.1.3!Italian!tales:!Boccaccio,!Franco!Sacchetti,!Basile,!Bandello!.................!142 5.1.4!Epic!poetry!in!literary!criticism:!Ariosto,!Boiardo,!Tasso!...................!152 5.1.5!Renaissance!men:!Leonardo,!Lorenzo!De!Medici!................................!158 5.1.6!Marinisti:!Italian!Baroque!poetry!...........................................................!162 5.1.7!Historians!and!philosophers!between!Renaissance!and!Baroque!:! Machiavelli,!Guicciardini,!Bruno,!Campanella,!Castiglione.!......................!168 5.1.8!The!light!of!reason:!Vico,!Muratori,!Verri,!Beccaria.!...........................!181 5.1.9!Leopardi,!Manzoni!and!19th!century!poetry!and!novels!.....................!185 5.2!From!Pascoli!to!Eco:!present!ideas!to!shed!light!on!the!past!........................!200 5.2.1!Pascoli!.........................................................................................................!202 5.2.2!Literary!critics!in!the!essays:!Croce,!De!Sanctis,!Provenzal!................!203 5.2.3!20th!century!poetry!and!novel!.................................................................!218 CHAPTER!6.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Closing!remarks!........................................................................................................!229 6.1!Language!...............................................................................................................!229 6.2!Historical!Periods!................................................................................................!230 6.3!Authors!and!contents!of!quotations!..................................................................!233 6.4!Quotations!to!stand!the!erosion!of!time!...........................................................!244 6.5!Becoming!a!study!field:!Qian!Xue!!............................................................!245 6.6!One!hundred!years!of!Qian!Zhongshu!.............................................................!251 Appendix!1:!Western!Comparative!Studies!.........................................................!255 Appendix!2.!Italian!authors!in!the!corpus!of!Qian!Zhongshu!.........................!259
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