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Study on the Online Testing Technology of Oilfield Distribution

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Study on the Online Testing Technology of Oilfield Distribution International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (MCE 2014) Study on the Online Testing Technology of Oilfield Distribution Transformer Loss Sun Dong1 Li Wei3 Technical Inspection Center of Shengli Petroleum Technical Inspection Center of Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau Administration Bureau Dongying, Shandong Province, China Dongying, Shandong Province, China E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: Bai Jinqiang2 Fan Lu4 China University of Petroleum(East China) Technical Inspection Center of Shengli Petroleum Qingdao, Shandong Province, China Administration Bureau E-mail: [email protected] Dongying, Shandong Province, China E-mail: Abstract— At present, there are many different transformer and improve the efficiency of the kinds of transformers in the oilfield, How to identify the transformer, both in implementing the strategy of low high loss transformer, realize the transformer economic cost of oilfield [5] and in alleviating the power operation, which has important significance in saving shortage. electricity and reducing oilfield enterprises operating In order to reduce the transformer losses, we must cost. This paper expounds the on-line measurement principles of the transformer loss, and according to the have the corresponding transformer loss testing characteristics of the oilfield distribution transformer, technique and means. Now, the main transformer loss designs the transformer loss online testing system, measurement is through the offline no-load and which can synchronously acquire the voltage, current short-circuit test [6], which can more easily measure signal of the transformer original and secondary side, the new transformer. However, for the transformer and achieve the on-line transformer loss measuring. which is in operation, if removed, there will not only Field tests show that the test system proposed in this waste a lot of manpower and material resources, but paper, can on-line analysis transformer loss, and also affect the continuity of power supply and the analysis the change of the transformer loss in the normal production of oilfield, there are a lot of situation of pumping unit generating electricity, harmonic interference and fluctuation of load. This disadvantages. In view of this situation, a new online research will provide technical support for oilfield testing system of transformer loss is proposed in this enterprises to identify the high loss transformer and paper, which can acquire the transformer input reasonably select energy-saving transformer, thus electrical parameters, and synchronously acquire the achieve the goal of saving energy and reducing output electrical parameters. Through the comparison consumption. and analysis of input and output electrical parameters Keywords—transformer loss; online testing; of transformer, the loss of transformer can be Rogowski coil; pumping unit; energy-saving calculated. This system breaks through the theoretical calculation method of transformer loss, can online monitor the transformer loss in the situation of I. INTRODUCTION pumping unit generating electricity, load fluctuations Oilfield distribution network has the characteristics and harmonic interference, can predict transformer of large scale, much equipment, complicated structure faults, and has great significance in eliminating high and low load rate, in the operation and management, loss transformer. due to laying particular stress on reliability but despising economy, electricity losses are very serious II. THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES OF ONLINE [1]. With the particularity of oilfield production, TRANSFORMER LOSS TESTING distribution transformer has a serious phenomenon that we said "big Mara trolleys", thus the distribution A. Oilfield Pumping Unit Load Variety transformer losses account for a large percentage [2-3]. According to statistics, distribution transformer loss is The working characteristic of pumping unit is about 30~50 TW ∙ h per year, accounts for about overloaded start and alternating load running [7]. The 3%~4% of the total generating capacity [4]. Electric pumping unit load is pulse load, the curve of pumping energy waste is huge, and some of the transformer unit load torque and power is shown in Fig. 1. In the with parameters aging, higher losses, more defects power generation process of pumping unit, the output and poor reliability, has a serious threat to the safe power and time varies with the actual working operation of power grid. Therefore, it has great condition [8]. For this type distribution transformer significance to reduce the loss of distribution loss measurement, the online testing instrument needs © 2014. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 107 wide measurement range and fast response speed, so transformer is took as the research object, its transient as to adapt to the characteristics of the pumping unit equivalent circuit [10-11] is shown in Fig. 2. load. Figure 2. The transformer transient equivalent circuit As is shown in Fig. 2, r1 、 x1 is primary winding Figure 1. The torque and power curve of pumping unit resistance, reactance. r21 、 x21 is the primary load winding equivalent value of secondary winding resistance, reactance. r 、 x is the excitation B. Lack of High Voltage Testing Techniques m m resistance, reactance. u1 、 i1 is the instantaneous On the market, low voltage (<600V) testing voltage, current value in the primary side. u 、 i instruments and techniques have been relatively 2 2 mature, but the testing instrument for 6/10 KV is quite is the instantaneous voltage, current value in the scarce. Distribution transformer input side has high secondary side. u21 、 i21is the primary equivalent voltage but small current, in order to avoid the value of secondary instantaneous voltage, current. traditional voltage sensor magnetic saturation, the im is the excitation current. k is the ratio. The RMS transformer range must be wide, as a result the value of voltage, current and power can be expressed transformer volume will be increased, it is not suitable as: for transformer online test. The measurement accuracy of current sensor must be ensured, the 1 T 2 U 0 u (t)dt electrical isolation and dielectric strength will be T faced with a major test, and most of the distribution 1 T 2 transformers are overhead, which is not suitable for I i (t)dt T 0 measuring. Therefore, in order to online test transformer loss, mature testing technology and 1 T 1 T P p(t)dt u(t)i(t)dt equipments are needed, based on this situation, this T 0 T 0 paper chooses the appropriate method of online testing, the details see Section 3. Depending on the equivalent circuit, we can get: 1 T C. Various Transformer Loads P1 u1i1dt T 0 Oilfield power load mainly include periodic pumping unit load, continuous water pump and oil 1 T P2 0 u2i2dt pump load and three-phase unbalanced lighting T load[9]. These loads are dispersed in oil wells, petrol P1 -input power, P2 -output power. station and depot. Because these are dispersed in so The total losses of transformer: many spots, too long lines and quite wide area, there will spend a lot of manpower and material resources 1 T 1 T P P1 P2 0 u1i1dt 0 u2i2dt on testing their distribution transformers. Oilfield T T distribution transformer load could be one of the 1 T i2 1 T u1 above three kinds of load, or several. A transformer u (i )dt i ( u )dt P P T 0 1 1 k T 0 2 k 2 can supply power to multiple devices which is in the same type load, or a device needs many transformers Among them: for its power supply. Power distribution network is so 1 T i P u (i 2 )dt complicated that it is difficult to guarantee the testing T 0 1 1 k synchronicity. 1 T u P i ( 1 u )dt III. THE ONLINE TESTING PRINCIPLE OF T 0 2 k 2 TRANSFORMER LOSS AND SYSTEM DESIGN With load, the voltage drop of the transformer primary winding leakage resistance is just a few A. The Online Detection Method of TransformerLoss percent of the rated voltage, and the excitation current Transformer equivalent circuit is often used for is far less than rated current, is about 3% to 8% of related research, now the single phase double winding rated current, large transformer even less than 1%, so deriving from (4), we can get [5]: 108 1 T 1 T Figure 4. D-yn11 connection distribution transformer P u1(i1 i21)dt u1imdt PFe T 0 T 0 wiring diagram 、 、 1 T i 1 T As shown in Fig. 4, iLA iLB iLC is the line P 2 (u ku )dt i (u u )dt P T 0 k 1 2 T 0 21 1 21 Cu current, can be represented as: For single-phase transformer, the actual operational iLA iA iB iron losses PFe and copper loss PCu can be expressed iLB iB iC as: iLC iC iA 1 i T 2 Because iLA iLB iLC 0 , from (9), each phase PFe 0 u1(i1 )dt T k current can be expressed as: 1 u i (i i ) / 3 P Ti ( 1 u )dt A LA LC Cu 0 2 2 T k iB (iLB iLC ) / 3 Distribution transformer mainly include Y-yn0 and iC (iLC iLA ) / 3 D-yn11 connection three-phase oil-immersed type and Through the above analysis, we can see: for dry type transformer, the two types of distribution different connection type, according to the real-time transformer loss on-line detection methods are measurement of the primary, secondary edge phase analyzed as fellows. voltage and current, the transformer iron loss and Y-yn0 connection distribution transformer wiring copper loss can be calculated through (8), thus the diagram is shown in Fig. 3. transformer loss online test can be implemented. B. Transformer Loss Online Test System To realize the distribution transformer loss online test, the primary, secondary side voltage and current of transformer must be sampled synchronously, and the correlation algorithm is needed for analysis.
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