RATIONALE This Course Aims at Developing Reading, Writing
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Synchrophasor Monitoring for Distribution Systems: Technical Foundations and Applications
NASPI-2018-TR-001 Synchrophasor Monitoring for Distribution Systems: Technical Foundations and Applications A White Paper by the NASPI Distribution Task Team January 2018 Editor: Alexandra von Meier - UC Berkeley Contributing Authors (in alphabetical order): Reza Arghandeh - Florida State University Kyle Brady - UC Berkeley Merwin Brown – UC Berkeley George R. Cotter – Isologic LLC Deepjyoti Deka – Los Alamos National Laboratory Hossein Hooshyar – Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute Mahdi Jamei – Arizona State University Harold Kirkham – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Alex McEachern – Power Standards Lab Laura Mehrmanesh – UC Berkeley Tom Rizy – Oak Ridge National Laboratory Anna Scaglione – Arizona State University Jerry Schuman – PingThings, Inc. Younes Seyedi – Polytechnique Montreal Alireza Shahvasari – UC Riverside Alison Silverstein - NASPI Emma Stewart – Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Luigi Vanfretti – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Alexandra von Meier - UC Berkeley Lingwei Zhan – Oak Ridge National Laboratory Junbo Zhao – Virginia Tech 2 Contents 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Premise of Distribution PMUs ........................................................................................ 6 1.2 What’s new? Synchrophasor technology ....................................................................... 7 1.3 Why bother? High-value uses for distribution monitoring ........................................... -
Low Voltage General Purpose Dry Type Transformers
An Overview of Dry, Liquid & Cast Coil Transformers. What is Best for My Application? Ken Box, P.E. - Schneider Electric John Levine, P.E. - Levine Lectronics & Lectric Low Voltage General Purpose Dry Type Transformers Confidentia l Property of Schneider Electric | Selecting & Sizing Dry Type Transformers From EC&M Magazine http://www.csemag.com/single-article/selecting- sizing-transformers-for-commercial- buildings/4efa064775c5e26f27bfce4f0a61378e.htm l 3 Phase: 15 – 1000kVA, 600V max primary 1 Phase: 15 – 333 kVA, 600V max primary Specialty transformers, custom ratings, exceptions Insulation System The insulation system is the maximum internal temperature a transformer can tolerate before it begins to deteriorate and eventually fail. Most ventilated transformers use a Class 220°C insulation system. This temperature rating is the sum of the winding rise temperature, normally 150°C, the maximum ambient temperature, 40°C, and the hot spot allowance inside the coils, 30°C. Insulation = Winding rise + Coil Hot Spot + Max Ambient For ventilated transformers, 80°C and 115°C are also common low temperature rise transformer ratings. The standard winding temperature is 150°C for a ventilated transformer. All three of these temperature rise ratings utilize the 220°C insulation system. Insulation Class 220 insulation Class 180 insulation 40 C ambient 40 C ambient + 150 C average rise + 115 C average rise + 30 C hotspot + 25 C hotspot ______ ______ 220 C hotspot temp. 180 C hotspot temp. Class 200 Insulation Class 150 Insulation 40 C ambient 40 C ambient + 130 C average rise + 80 C average rise + 30 C hotspot + 30 C hotspot ______ ______ 200 C hotspot temp. -
Vuspec Power Dist 2016
Notice of New Standard Products Title: IEEE Power, Distribution & Regulating Transformers Collection: VuSpec™ Summary (Abstract): IEEE Power, Distribution and Regulatory Transformer Collection: VuSpec™ contains the latest standards, guides, and recommended practices of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Transformers Committee. It also contains IEEE C57 series of standards. This collection represents the most complete resource available for professional engineers looking for best practices and techniques covering testing, repair, installation, operation, and maintenance of transformers, reactors, and associated components that are used within the electric utility and industrial power systems. These standards provide provides a crucial service to society's need for continuing development and maintenance of a reliable, safe, and efficient power system infrastructure. Table of Contents: Includes 104 active IEEE standards for Power Distribution & Regulating Transformers family. • IEEE Std 4-2012, IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques • IEEE Std 259™-1999 (R2010), IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulation for Dry-Type Specialty and General - Purpose Transformers • IEEE Std 638™-2013, IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class 1E Transformers for Nuclear Power Generating Stations • IEEE Std 1276™-1997 (R2006), IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid- Immersed Power Transformers • IEEE Std 1277™-2010, IEEE Standard General Requirements -
Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil Instruction Manual
Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil CCllaassss--EE AAuuddiioo MMoodduullaatteedd TTeessllaa CCooiill IInnssttrruuccttiioonn MMaannuuaall Eastern Voltage Research, LLC May 19, 2017 REV F − 1 − http://www.EasternVoltageResearch.com Class-E Tesla Coil Instruction Manual Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil BOARD REVISION C This manual only applies to the new Revision C PCB boards. These boards can be identified by their red or green silkscreen color as well as the marking SC2076 REV C which is located underneath the location for T41 on the upper right of the PCB board. May 19, 2017 REV F − 2 − http://www.EasternVoltageResearch.com Class-E Tesla Coil Instruction Manual Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil AGE DISCLAIMER THIS KIT IS AN ADVANCED, HIGH POWER SOLID STATE POWER DEVICE. IT IS INTENDED FOR USE FOR INDIVIDUALS OVER 18 YEARS OF AGE WITH THE PROPER KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE, AS WELL AS FAMILIARITY WITH LINE VOLTAGE POWER CIRCUITS. BY BUILDING, USING, OR OPERATING THIS KIT, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU ARE OVER 18 YEARS OF AGE, AND THAT YOU HAVE THOROUGHLY READ THROUGH THE SAFETY INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS MANUAL. THIS KIT SHALL NOT BE USED AT ANY TIME BY INDIVIDUALS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE. May 19, 2017 REV F − 3 − http://www.EasternVoltageResearch.com Class-E Tesla Coil Instruction Manual Class-E Audio Modulated Tesla Coil SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS PLEASE BE SURE TO READ AND UNDERSTAND ALL SAFETY AND EQUIPMENT RELATED HAZARDS AND WARNINGS BEFORE BUILDING AND OPERATING YOUR KIT. THE PURPOSE OF THESE WARNINGS IS NOT TO SCARE YOU, BUT TO KEEP YOU WELL INFORMED TO WHAT HAZARDS MAY APPLY FOR YOUR PARTICULAR KIT. -
Zilano Design for "Reverse Tesla Coil" Free Energy Generator
Zilano Design for "Reverse Tesla Coil" Free Energy Generator Summary Document A for Beginners by Vrand Thank you Zilano for sharing your very interesting design and we all wish you the very best, keep up the good work! Energetic Forum http://www.energeticforum.com/renewable-energy/ This is a short document describing the work of Zilano as posted on the Don Smith Devices thread at the Energetic Forum so that other researchers can experiment and build their own working free energy generator to power their homes. Zilano stated that this design was based on the combination works of Don Smith, Tesla, Dynatron, Kapanadze and others. Design Summary Key points : - "Reverse Tesla Coil" (in this document) - Conversion of high frequency AC (35kHz) to 50-60Hz (not in this document) "Reverse Tesla Coil" is where the spark gap pulsed DC voltage from a 4000 volt (4kv) 30 kHz NST (neon sign transformer) goes into an air coil primary P of high inductance (80 turns thin wire) that then "steps down" the voltage to 240 volts AC a low inductance Secondary coil centered over the primary coil (5 turns bifilar, center tap, thick wire) with high amperage output. The high frequency (35kHz) AC output can then power loads (light bulbs) or can be rectified to DC to power DC loads. Copper coated welding rods can be inserted into the air coil to increase the inductance of the air coil primary that then increases the output amperage from the secondary coil to the loads. See the below diagram 1 : Parts List - NST 4KV 20-35KHZ - D1 high voltage diode - SG1 SG2 spark gaps - C1 primary tuning HV capacitor - P Primary of air coil, on 2" PVC tube, 80 turns of 6mm wire - S Secondary 3" coil over primary coil, 5 turns bifilar (5 turns CW & 5 turns CCW) of thick wire (up to 16mm) with center tap to ground. -
Transformer Parameter Monitoring Using Gsm Module
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 TRANSFORMER PARAMETER MONITORING USING GSM MODULE Rashmi Ashok Panherkar 1, Prajakta Vaidya 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This paper present transformer parameter logic by feeler and which is position in pointer to monitoring using GSM module. The main advantages of this microcontroller. The indication is monitor as of scheme is using through GSM module. The devious of commencement to finish GSM Module.[3] transformer is over and done with by way of high temperature detector.GSM & Microcontroller used in wireless revelation. The bringing mutually is appliance to intellect the casing The reading and result of transformer like voltage, current, is tone of transformer and commencement in sequence to not allowed by using microcontroller & send sms through GSM monitor.[1]Sheltered headset which is also a microcontroller module. unit. It create organization flank via locate rate and position value, but some wrong step occur next convey interested in KeyWords: Wireless control System, GSM Module, existing person it is give you an idea about on LCD.[4] Microcontroller, Temperature Sensor. Technological assistance broken connected to decision the an collection of scheme to organize situations of 1.INTRODUCTION transformer by means of form of information communiqué construction as a result of the line of assail of pointed on A transformer is a piece of equipment used either for rising communiqué services, reserve inspection & critique in print or lowers the voltage of an a.c. supply with equivalent joined to processor and to end support embellish are bring reduces or enlarge in current. -
Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering PAGE 1
` DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING COURSES OFFERED CODE COURSE CREDITS YEAR/SEMESTER 15O A) FOUNDATION COURSES : (49 CREDITS) (COMMON FOR ALL PROGRAMMES) 0101 Communicative English – I 5 I/ODD 0102 Engineering Mathematics-I 8 I/ODD 0103 Engineering Physics – I 5 I/ODD 0104 Engineering Chemistry – I 5 I/ODD 0105 Engineering Physics- I Practical 1 I/ODD 0106 Engineering Chemistry – I Practical 1 I/ODD 0107 Communicative English – II 4 I/EVEN 0108 Engineering Mathematics-II 5 I/EVEN 0109 Applied Mathematics 5 I/EVEN 0110 Engineering Physics – II 4 I/EVEN 0111 Engineering Chemistry – II 4 I/EVEN 0112 Engineering Physics – II Practical 1 I/EVEN 0113 Engineering Chemistry – II Practical 1 I/EVEN B) CORE TECHNOLOGY COURSES : ( 43 CREDITS) 0201A Workshop Practical 1 I/ODD 0202 Engineering Graphics-I 3 I/ODD 0203 Engineering Graphics-II 3 I/EVEN 0204 Computer Applications Practical – I 1 I/ODD 0205 Computer Applications Practical – II 1 I/EVEN 3201 Electrical Circuit Theory 6 II/ODD 3202 Electrical Machines - I 5 II/ODD 3203 Electronic Devices and Circuits 5 II/ODD 3204 Electrical Circuits and Machines Practical 3 II/ODD 3205 Electronic Devices and Circuits Practical 3 II/ODD 3206 Electrical Workshop Practical 2 II/ODD 3207 Life and Employability Skills Practical 2 II/ODD 3208 Digital Electronics 5 II/EVEN 3209 Integrated CircuitsPractical 3 II/EVEN Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering PAGE 1 ` C) APPLIED TECHNOLOGY COURSES: (58 CREDITS) 3301 Electrical Machines – II 5 II/EVEN 3302 Measurements and Instruments 4 II/EVEN -
Tesla Coil Project
Tesla Coil Project In this project, you’ll learn about resonant circuits and how to build oscillators that zero in on a desired region of the resonance. You will also learn about how to safely handle high-voltage DC circuits and ultra-high voltage radio frequency circuits. You will learn how do describe a circuit’s behavior using algebraic equations based on Kirchoffs’ current law. Finally, you will use your ICAP/4 simulator to solve these equations. Danger, High Voltage Hazard: Almost all Tesla Coil circuitry carries dangerously high voltage. You should turn the AC mains power to your Tesla Coil circuit off before connecting any instrumentation. Filter capacitors require bleed resistors that will discharge the capacitors to a safe level within 1 second after power is switched off. The person that connects the instrumentation should be the one that turns the AC power on and off. It is not the time to learn communication skills! Do not touch any of the circuitry when power is applied. The resonant circuits place dangerously high voltages on the primary side of the Tesla Coil as well as its secondary. While some smaller plasma streamers are harmless, you don’t want to be near or touch the Tesla Coil secondary. When working with high voltage, some experienced engineers tell you to keep one hand in your pocket; that makes it harder for you to become part of the circuit. It has become common around the Christmas holiday to see variations of Tesla Coils in the high-end gadget stores. The high voltage, high frequency emissions interact with air and other gas to make a dazzling array of visual effects. -
Distribution Transformers
Shoemaker_CH15.qxd 13/07/06 11:43AM Page 15.1 CHAPTER 15 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS The purpose of a distribution transformer is to reduce the primary voltage of the electric distribution system to the utilization voltage serving the customer. A distribution trans- former is a static device constructed with two or more windings used to transfer alternating- current electric power by electromagnetic induction from one circuit to another at the same frequency but with different values of voltage and current. Figure 15.1 shows distribution transformers in stock at an electric utility company ser- vice building. The distribution transformers available for use for various applications, as shown, include pole-type (Figs. 15.2 and 15.3), pad-mounted (Fig. 15.4), vault or network type (Fig. 15.5), and submersible (Fig. 15.6). The distribution transformer in Fig. 15.2 is self-protected. It is equipped with a lightning arrester, a weak-link or protective-link expulsion-type fuse (installed under oil in the trans- former tank), a secondary circuit breaker, and a warning light. The transformer primary bushing conductor is connected to one phase of the three-phase primary circuit through a partial-range current-limiting fuse. The transformer tank is grounded and connected to the FIGURE 15.1 Electric utility distribution storage yard. Forklift trucks are used to load transformers on line trucks. Storage area is covered with concrete to pro- vide accessibility and protect transformers. 15.1 Shoemaker_CH15.qxd 13/07/06 11:43AM Page 15.2 15.2 CHAPTER 15 FIGURE 15.2 Typical pole-type dis- tribution transformer installation with the transformer bolted directly to the pole. -
Coupling for Power Line Communication: a Survey Luis Guilherme Da S
JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 32, NO. 1, 2017. 8 Coupling for Power Line Communication: A Survey Luis Guilherme da S. Costa, Antonio Carlos M. de Queiroz, Bamidele Adebisi, Vinicius L. R. da Costa, and Moises V. Ribeiro Abstract—The advent of power line communication (PLC) electric power cables. These power cables could be alternating for smart grids, vehicular communications, internet of things current (AC) or direct current (DC) power lines and the signals and data network access has recently gained ample interest in of PLC transceivers are subsequently coupled to them via a industry and academia. Due to the characteristics of electric power grids and regulatory constraints, the effectiveness of coupling circuit. In the case of power lines used to transmit coupling between the power line and PLC transceivers has AC power, the coupling circuit has also to filter out the AC become a very important issue. Coupling devices used to inject or mains signal. On the other hand, the coupling circuit simply extract data communication signals into or from power lines are has to block the DC mains voltage of the DC electric power very important components of a PLC system. There is, however, grids. an obvious gap in the literature for a detailed review of existing PLC couplers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new investigations of couplers, which are required for narrowband and broadband to characterize electric power grids as a medium for data PLC transceivers. Prevailing issues that protract the design of communication showed a higher potential in the range of couplers and consequently subtended the inventions of different frequencies between 5 kHz and 500 kHz [2]. -
Power Source for High Voltage Column of Injector to Proton
THPSC018 Proceedings of RuPAC-2010, Protvino, Russia POWER SOURCE FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE COLUMN OF INJECTOR TO PROTON SYNCHROTRON WITH OUTPUT POWER UP TO 5KW Golubenko Yu.I., Medvedko A.S., Nemitov P.I., Pureskin D.N., Senkov D.V., BINP Novosibirsk Russia Abstract converter with insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) as The presented report contains the description of power switches (part A) and the isolation transformer with source with output voltage of sinusoidal shape with synchronous rectifier (part B). The design of power amplitude up to 150V, frequency 400Hz and output converter consists of 3-phase diode rectifier VD1, power up to 5kW, operating on the primary coil of high electromagnetic (EMI) filter F1, switch SW1, rectifier’s voltage transformer - rectifier of precision 1.5MV filter L1 C1-C8, 20 kHz inverter with IGBT switches Q1- electrostatic accelerator – injector for proton synchrotron. Q4, isolation transformer T1, synchronous rectifier O5- The source consists of the input converter with IGBT Q8, output low-pass filter L2 C9 and three current switches, transformer and the synchronous rectifier with sensors: U1, U2 and U3. IGBT switches also. Converter works with a principle of pulse-width modulation (PWM) on programmed from 15 Harmonic PS High voltage to 25 kHz frequency. In addition, PWM signal is 400Hz 120V column modulated by sinusoidal 400Hz signal. The controller of 380V the source is developed with DSP and PLM, which allows 50Hz L1 Ls A 900uHn 230uHn optimizing operations of the source. For control of the Cp B 80uF out source serial CAN-interface is used. The efficiency of C1 1.5MV system is more than 80% at the nominal output power C 400uF 5kW. -
THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE the ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Mitch Tilbury New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159589-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149737-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent.