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Johanna Mestorf (1828-1909) : Eine Europäische Forscherin Aus Kiel

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Johanna Mestorf (1828-1909) : Eine Europäische Forscherin Aus Kiel Johanna Mestorf (1828-1909) Eine europäische Forscherin aus Kiel – en kvindelig europæisk forskere fra Kiel – an european female scientist from Kiel – une chercheur européen de Kiel – en kvinnlig europeiska forskare från Kiel – una scienziata europea da Kiel Julia K. Koch 1. Dezember 2011 – Gaduiertenkolleg „Human Development in Landscape“ 1 Content • Sources and state of research • Historical background: The 19th century politics – prehistory – women´s education • The biography of Johanna Mestorf (1828-1909) • An modern scientist? Picture painted by Dora Arnd-Raschid; Stadtarchiv Kiel 2 Sources publications by Johanna Mestorf museum-diary 1873-1891 (ALMSH Schleswig) letters in european archives (mainly unpublished) contemporary articles in newspapers and encyclopedias about Johanna Mestorf obituaries her private estate lost! oral history? Museum-diary 1873-1891 (archive ALMSH) Sources – the 19th century – biography 3 State of research Gustav Schwantes, Johanna Mestorf. In: Festschrift zum 275jährigen Bestehen der CAU Kiel (Leipzig 1940) 309 ff. Gerda Pfeifer, Johanna Mestorf. Heimatkundliches Jahrb. Kr. Segeberg 16,1970, 166. Nicolaus Detlefsen, Johanna Mestorfs Grab auf dem Ohlsdorfer Friedhof in Hamburg. Die Heimat 82, H. 9/10, 1975, 229 ff. Karl Zimmermann, „..daß ihr kostbarer Schmuck, ihre einzige Macht, ihr ganzer Zauber in der Weiblichkeit liegt“. Zum Briefwechsel zwischen Johanna Mestorf (1828-1909) und Karl Adolph von Morlot (1820-1867). Nordelbingen 62, 1993, 171 ff. Dagmar Unverhau (Hrsg.), Hochachtungsvoll Ihrer Autorität ergebenster Gustav Schwantes“. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Gustav Schwantes und Johanna Mestorf 1899-1909 und seine Verwendung im Prioritätsstreit mit Knorr (Neumünster 2000). Dagmar Unverhau, „Möchte nun unser Hedeby vor unseren Blicken erstehen“. In: Haithabu und die frühe Stadtentwicklung im nördlichen Europa (Neumünster 2002) 11 ff. Julia K. Koch/Eva-Maria Mertens, Eine Dame zwischen 500 Herren. Johanna Mestorf – Werk und Wirkung. Frauen-Forschung-Archäologie 4 (Münster 2002). Sources – the 19th century – biography 4 The 19th century – the political developement 1815 – Congress of Vienna: Schleswig and Holstein stay in Danmark 1848 – Revolution and uprising against Danmark until 1850 1864 – German-Danish war, Schleswig and Holstein become part of Prussia 1871 – German Empire, Schleswig and Holstein stay as part of Prussia Sources – the 19th century – biography 5 The 19th century – the beginning of prehistory as academic subject since 1815 regional and local societies 1836 Kgl. Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburgische Gesellschaft für die Sammlung und Erhaltung vaterländischer Altertümer 1870 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anthropologie (R. Virchow) 1877 Anthropologischer Verein Schleswig-Holstein since 1866 Congrès International d´Anthropologie et d´Archéologie préhistorique (CIAAP) since 1888 first PhD-thesises about prehistorical research Sources – the 19th century – biography 6 The 19th century – women´s education compulsory school education in Schleswig and Holstein since 1814 Höhere Töchterschulen (schools of young ladies of good class) Colleges of female teacher education 1908 first female students in Prussia Sources – the 19th century – biography 7 Childhood in Schleswig-Holstein 1828-1849 born 17th april 1828 (JM: 1829) in Bramstedt Father Dr. med. Jacob Heinrich Mestorf (1796-1837) Mother Sophia Katrina Georgina Mestorf, née Körner (1794-?) 1837 move to Itzehoe visit of a school of „young ladies of good class“ Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 8 1848? – More questions as answers! „Ifrig patriot, gjorde han äfven sin insats i de nationella rörelserna 1848 och senare.“ (Nordisk Familijebok, 1913) „1848 hat sich die Zwanzigjährige als warmherzige Patriotin für die nationale Bewegung eingesetzt und war in regen Gedankenaustausch mit dem Freiheitsenthusiasten Harro Harring getreten.“ (Knorr 1909) „Ihre Mutter, Sophie Mestorf, war eine geborene Körner. Deren Großvater und Carl Theodor Körner´s Großvater waren Brüder“ (Lexikon der hamburgischen Schriftsteller der Gegenwart 1870) 10 letters by Harro Harring 1848-1850 „daß ich nicht neben R[obert] Blum in Wien gefallen bin, ist mithin nicht meine Schuld. Es war mein Wunsch.“ (25.11.1848) Harro Harring (1798-1870) Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 9 Years abroad 1849-1859: Sweden, France, Italy 1853-1859 companion at family Faletti di Villa Faletti ? Castle Ängsö near Västerås, Centralsweden 1849-1853 governess at family Piper Palazzo Faletti, Barolo,Piemont/Italy her first Mentor Adolf Iwar Arwidsson (1791-1858) Pictures: wikipedia Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 10 Back in Germany: Hamburg 1859-1873 Translations • Sven Nilsson, Die Ureinwohner des skandinavischen Nordens. I. Das Bronzezeitalter (1862). • C.F. Wiberg, Der Einfluß der klassischen Völker auf den Norden (1867). • Sven Nilsson, Die Ureinwohner des skandinavischen Nordens. I. Das Steinalter (1868). • Carl Säve, Zur Nibelungensage. Siegfriedsbilder (1870). • Hans Hildebrandt, Das heidnische Zeitalter in Schweden (1873). Letter to Nilsson 27.2.1868: „Mitternacht ist längst vorüber, und um 9 Uhr morgens soll ich schon wieder an meinem Tische sitzen. Von 9 Uhr bis 4 Uhr arbeite ich für meinen Principal oder lithographischen Verleger, von 4-12 an dem Steinalter. Die Meinigen sind mir gram – allein soll das Buch noch dieses Jahr versandt werden, so muß ich mit Ernst daran“. Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 11 First sientific work in Hamburg 1859-1873 picture: nordisk familijebok (1913) Christian Petersen (1802-1872) director of library Hamburg Catalogue of „Sammlung vorhistorischer Alterthümer in Hamburg“ (Busch 2002) Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 12 The application to the curator-job in Kiel 1868-1873 Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) (picture: wikipedia) picture: nordisk familijebok (1913) „Ich bin fest überzeugt, daß ein wohlgepflegtes Altertumsmuseum in Kiel mit einer Verwaltung, die mit Leuten umzugehen weiß, das eigene Interesse auf andere übertragen versteht, binnen kurzem sich derselben Theilnahme im Lande erfreuen würde, die wir in Dänemark finden.“ Johanna Mestorf, Denkschrift 1871 Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 13 Curator in Kiel 1873-1891 Prof. Dr. Heinrich Handelmann Kattenstraße 2 (1827-1891) photos: ALMSH Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 14 Researches 1873-1909 Ellerbek „Moorleiche“ of Damendorf © J.K. Koch Gebühr 2005 Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 15 More Translations 1873-1909 Sophus Müller, Die nordische Bronzezeit und deren Periodentheilung (1878). J.J.A. Worsaae, Die Vorgeschichte des Nordens (1878). Sophus Müller, Die Thierornamentik im Norden (1881). Ingvald Undset, Das Auftreten des Eisens in Nordeuropa (1882). Oscar Montelius, Der Orient und Europa (1899). Bernhard Salin, Die Altgermanische Thierornamentik (1904). Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 16 National Heritage Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein 1873-1909 1877 foundation of „anthropological society of Schleswig-Holstein“ organisation of voluntary curators of historical monuments Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 17 Director of the Museum 1891-1909 „Das Kieler Museum entfaltete sich unter Johanna Mestorfs Leitung zu einer Musteranstalt, in der die reichen Schätze aus der Vorzeit der Provinz in vorbildlicher Ordnung zu übersehen sind.“ (H. Schmidt 1909) „Sie ist es gewesen, die den über Europa hinausgehenden Ruf der Kieler Sammlung begründet hat.“ (G. Schwantes 1940) photos: Stadtarchiv Kiel Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 18 Her assistents and scholars 1892 – 1909 Dr. Wilhelm Splieth Carl Rothmann (1862-1901) (1875-?) curator 1892-1901 curator since 1901 Dr. Friedrich Knorr Willers Jessen (1872-1936) (1870-1949) curator 1899-1909 curator 1899 director 1909-1929 photos: ALMSH; Die Heimat 1901 Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 19 Tributs and membership: Professor Dr. med. h.c. Johanna Mestorf honorary member real member corresponding member v 1899 Silberne Frauen- verdienstorden v 1904 Kleine Goldene Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft v 1904 Goldene Medaille der Schwedischen Königin © J.K. Koch Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 20 Johanna Mestorf and first women´s movement? „Neue Bahnen“ (Zeitschrift des Allgemeinen Deutschen Frauenvereins) Jg. 26, H. 19, 1891: „Jetzt aber erst geht ihr Name durch alle Zeitungen ...“; „Johanna Mestorf ist wohl die erste Frau, der ein solches Amt [der Museumsleitung] zu teil wird. Es ist gewiß ermutigend für strebsame Frauen, solchen Thatsachen zu begegnen, die besser als alle Theorien beweisen, daß die Welt des Geistes den Thüchtigen nicht verschlossen ist – trotz aller Vorurteile.“ „Frauen-Werke. Österreichische Zeitschrift zur Förderung und Vertretung der Frauenbestrebungen“, 6. Jg, H. 7, 1899, „Dem Fräulein Johanna Mestorf in Kiel war es vorbehalten, der Frauenbewegung eine weitere Stufe ehrenvoll zu erobern. Die Dame, die anlässlich ihres siebzigsten Geburtstages als erste unter den Frauen, mit der Verleihung des preussischen Professorentitels ausgezeichnet wurde, ist Directorin des schleswig-holstein´schen Museums in Kiel. In dieser Stellung hat sich Fräulein Johanna Mestorf um Schleswig-Holstein hervorragende Verdienste erworben.“ Sources – the 19th century – biography: childhood – abroad – Hamburg – Kiel 21 Johanna Mestorf – a modern scientist? 22.
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