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Pengembangan Pemanfaatan Teknologi PENGEMBANGAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI ENERGI SURYA DALAM UPAYA PEMENUHAN DUKUNGAN LOGISTIK AIR DI MARKAS TNI PERBATASAN MARITIM (STUDI DI POS TNI AL, LABUAN BAJO, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR) Development of the Utilization of Solar Energy Technology to meet Water Logistic Support in the Maritime Border (Study at Navy Post, Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara) Nugroho Adi Sasongko, Amarulla Octavian, Marsetio, Rudy Laksmono, Abimanyu Hilmawan, Isna Royana ([email protected]) Abstract The availability of clean water is a large part of the main problem in the area of West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Even though there is correlation between factors of adequate water, health and economic development. Wrong one area that represents this condition is in the village of Labuan Bajo. The enchantment of the tourist island of Flores found in West Manggarai Regency, where Labuan Bajo is the gateway to entering the tourist charm is a place that tourists really want to visit. As a form Government efforts to tighten border supervision and safeguards the Labuan Bajo maritime, the Government formed the POS Navy. By Therefore, the availability of clean water is needed in the area, besides to meet the needs of the Labuan Bajo community, improve facilities and infrastructure to bring in many tourists, also for fulfill the logistical support of the Navy's headquarters. To meet water needs so, there are 2 options that are expected to solve the problem, namely (1) mapping of underground water in the village of Labuan Bajo and pumping it with using electric power from the voltaic photo results, and (2) when item (1) nil then pumping water from the reservoir is available at a distance about 3 km from the village of Labuan Bajo. Considering the contour of the area, then needed to make new reservoirs and water pumping systems from the reservoir available, so that an adequate level of water is obtained for drain water to the village. Mapping of underground water is carried out with using the geoelectric method. If option 1 is successful, then the system is built can be used as a model of pumping underground water, mainly in the area of West Manggarai Regency that needed it. Then the water the net obtained will be processed through the Reverse Osmosis process for produce ready to drink water. Keywords: Clean water supply, photovoltaic, renewable energy, rural area, water pump Abstrak Ketersedian air bersih adalah merupakan sebagian besar masalah utama di wilayah Kabupaten Manggarai Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Padahal terdapat korelasi antara faktor kecukupan air, esehatan dan pembangunan ekonomi. Salah satu daerah yang merepresentasikan kondisi ini adalah di Desa Labuan Bajo. Pesona wisata Pulau Flores yang terdapat di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat, dimana Labuan Bajo merupakan pintu gerbang untuk memasuki pesona wisata tersebut merupakan tempat yang sangat ingin dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Sebagai bentuk upaya Pemerintah untuk memperketat pengawasan dan penjagaan perbatasan maritim Labuan Bajo, Pemerintah membentuk POS TNI Angkatan Laut. Oleh karena itu, ketersedian air bersih sangat dibutuhkan di daerah tersebut, selain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat Labuan bajo, meningkatkan sarana dan infrastruktur untuk mendatangkan para wisatawan yang banyak, juga untuk memenuhi dukungan logistik markas TNI AL. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air tersebut, maka ada 2 opsi yang diperkirakan dapat menyelesaikan masalah, yakni (1) pemetaan air bawah tanah di desa Labuan Bajo dan pemompaannya dengan menggunakan tenaga listrik dari hasil photo voltaic, dan (2) bilamana butir (1) nihil maka dilakukan pemompaan air dari reservoir yang tersedia pada jarak sekitar 3 km dari desa Labuan Bajo. Mengingat contour daerahnya, maka diperlukan pembuatan reservoir baru dan sistem pemompaan air dari reservoir yang telah tersedia, sehingga diperoleh tingkat ketinggian air yang memadai untuk mengalirkan air ke desa tersebut. Pemetaan air bawah tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda geolistrik. Bilamana opsi 1 berhasil, maka sistem yang dibangun dapat dijadikan sebagai model pemompaan air bawah tanah, utamanya di wilayah Kabupaten Manggarai Barat yang memerlukannya. Kemudian air yang bersih yang didapat akan diolah melalui proses Reverse Osmosis untuk menghasilkan air siap minum. Kata Kunci: Penyediaan air bersih, sel surya, energi terbarukan, daerah terpencil, pompa air 1. Pendahuluan kepentingan politik, budaya, sosial, ekonomi, lingkungan dan pertahanan Secara geografis wilayah perbatasan keamanan.1 merupakan daerah yang berbatasan langsung Indonesia merupakan negara dengan negara lain. Menurut pasal 10 ayat 3 kepulauan yang memiliki batas wilayah yang UU No. 24 tahun 1992, daerah perbatasan tersebar di sepuluh kawasan dengan negara merupakan salah satu daerah yang termasuk tetangga, baik darat maupun laut. Salah kawasan strategis, yakni kawasan yang satu provinsi yang memiliki wilayah menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak secara nasional, baik ditinjau dari sudut 1 Undang-Undang RI Nomor 24 tahun 1992 tentang, pasal 10 ayat 3. perbatasan darat maupun laut adalah Nusa – Australia dan RI – RDTL. Sebagai Tenggara Timur (NTT). Kupang sebagai komponen utama pertahanan Negara Matra salah satu daerah di NTT yang berbatasan Laut, TNI AL Kupang bertanggung jawab langsung dengan dua negara tetangga yang dalam mengantisipasi dan menghadapi saling berdekatan, yaitu perbatasan darat segala bentuk ancaman dan gangguan yang Kupang dengan Republik Democrate Timor dapat memecah keutuhan dan kedaulatan Leste (RDTL) serta perbatasan laut Kupang NKRI, terutama di daerah perbatasan martim dengan RDTL dan Australia. Keuntungan NTT. Sebagaimana amanat UU Nomor 34 bagi Indonesia dan negara tetangga dengan Tahun 2004, salah satu tugas TNI AL adalah adanya kawasan perbatasan dapat menjadi menegakkan hukum serta menjaga potensi bagi kerja sama antar negara apabila keamanan negara di wiayah laut yuridiksi dikelola dengan baik. Disisi lain kawasan nasional yang telah ditetapkan sesuai perbatasan memiliki potensi yang rentan ketentuan hukum nasional dan internasional. akan adanya konflik perbatasan yang dapat mengganggu keamanan dan kedaulatan NKRI. Oleh karena itu, peran Tentara Nasional Indonesia sangat dibutuhkan untuk menghadapi dan mengantisipasi berbagai bentuk ancaman dan gangguan di wilayah perbatasan maritim. Posisi Koordinat Pelabuhan KAL 10o13’08’’S 123o31’22’’E Gambar 1 Peta Administrasi Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Lantamal VII Kupang merupakan salah satu kekuatan maritim Indonesia di Gambar 2 LANTAMAL VII Kupang, Jl. Perbatasan NTT. Wilayah Kerja Lantamal Supul Raya, Bolok, Kota Kupang, Nusa VII Kupang meliputi perbatasan maritim RI Tenggara Timur. Tahun 2011, persentase kemampuan pelayanan air bersih dari PDAM kupang Selain isu keamanan batas wilayah baru mencapai 43,8% dari total Kebutuhan perbatasan negara yang rawan terjadi di 3 517 Liter/detik. Pertengahan Bulan Juni perbatasan, isu lain yang dihadapi di Tahun 2018, warga Kelurahan Manutapen, perbatasan adalah pengelolaan kawasan Kecamatan Alak, Kota Kupang mulai perbatasan. Permasalahan umum yang sering mengeluh karena kesulitan mendapatkan air terjadi di perbatasan adalah sarana dan bersih. Pasokan air bersih ke bak penampung prasarana yang kurang memadai. Hampir Kelurahan tersebut berkurang, dimana yang semua wilayah perbatasan Indonesia biasanya pasokan dalam seminggu bisa mengalami permasalahan tersebut, termasuk mencapai lima kali, semenjak musim daerah NTT. Salah satu permasalahannya kemarau pasokan air dalam seminggu paling adalah pelayanan air bersih, terutama air banyak hanya dua kali.4 minum dimana air merupakan aspek Berdasarkan gambaran kondisi pendukung logistik TNI AL yang sangat keterbatasan pemenuhan air bersih di Kota dibutuhkan untuk mendukung tugasnya Kupang, maka dapat berpengaruh terhadap dalam pengamanan daerah perbatasan. gambaran pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih Hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) di Lantamal VII Kupang. Tahun 2013 Provinsi NTT, pada tahun 2007 di musim Lantamal VII Kupang pernah mengalami kemarau NTT mengalami kesulitan krisis air bersih, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mendapatkan air bersih dengan persentase air bersihnya Lantamal VII Kupang hampir mencapai 50%. Kupang merupakan memasok dari luar melalui jasa mobil tanki salah satu kota di NTT, dimana 35,8% air, bahkan krisis air tersebut sudah terjadi rumah tangganya mengalami kesulitan air pada tahun sebelumnya.5 bersih terutama pada musim kemarau. Ragu Saat ini untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan Ferry memproyeksikan pada tahun 2030 air di Lantamal VII Kupang disuplai dari 2 jumlah penduduk Kota Kupang akan sumur bor yang telah dibangun pada tahun mencapai 601.263 jiwa dengan kebutuhan 2008, yaitu sumur bor Kunheum dengan air bersihnya akan mencapai 695,9 kapasitas debit air 8 Liter/detik yang berada Liter/detik, sedangkan dengan ketersedian di Kelurahan Bolok Kecamatan Kupang sumber air Kota Kupang sebanyak 13 buah mata air dan 12 buah sumur bor dengan Ketersediaan Sumber Air Bersih dan Zona kapasitas pelayanan air bersih hanya dapat Pelayanan”, Jurnal MKMI Jurusan Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, hal 90-95. mencapai 296,26 Liter/detik. Sehingga dapat 3 Zevan, Atasi Persoalan Air Bersih di Kota Kupang. disimpulkan bahwa kapasitas air bersih di http://www.sapa.or.id/lp/121-ntt/1595-atasi- Kota Kupang hingga tahun 2030 belum persoalan-air-bersih-di-kota-kupang, diakses pada 24 Juli 2018. mencukupi standar rata-rata untuk 4 Kornelis, “Warga Kupang Alami Krisis Air Bersih”, memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat https://kupang.antaranews.com/ 2
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