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Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah Ntt Tentang Peng RESEARCH REPORT THE IMPACT OF THE MORATORIUM OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS PLACEMENT ON SOCIETY ATTITUDES TOWARDS HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA Zero Human Trafficking Network Research Task Force Migrant CARE – Mensen met een Missie, The Haque, Netherlands 2020 Research Report: The Impact of the Moratorium of Indonesian Migrant Workers Placement on Society Attitudes Towards Human Trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara Writers and Data Processing Team: Retno Agustin Meifita Handayani Yovi Arista Zulyani Evi Research Manager: Mulyadi Critical Reader: Wahyu Susilo Research Consultant: Dr. Aris Arif Mundayat Person in Charge: Agus Duka SVD Research Partners: IRGSC Kupang, TRUK-F Maumere, JPIC Rumah Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak SSpS Flores Barat, Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor (GMIT), Rumah Harapan, Yayasan DIAN/ Interfidei. This research was conducted by the Zero Human Trafficking Network (ZHTN) Research Task Force in which Migrant CARE was the conductor and research coordinator with the support of Mensen met een Missie, The Haque, Netherlands. Migrant CARE © 2020 Jl. Jatipadang I No. 5A, Jati Padang, Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta,Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12540 Website: migrantcare.net E-mail: [email protected] 1 Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... 1 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Preliminary ............................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 6 Research Objectives and Benefits ......................................................................................... 6 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 7 a. Research Approach .................................................................................................... 7 b. Research SItes ............................................................................................................ 7 c. Data Collection ............................................................................................................ 7 d. Instrument Test Results .............................................................................................. 9 e. Data Triangulation .................................................................................................... 10 f. Research Limitations ................................................................................................. 10 Literature Reviews................................................................................................................ 11 a. Human Trafficking ..................................................................................................... 11 b. Labor Migration Policy and Governance .................................................................. 12 c. Migrant Worker Moratorium ...................................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Regional Overview.............................................................................................. 20 Socio-Economy and Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 20 Locally-Generated Revenue ................................................................................................ 22 Poverty ................................................................................................................................. 23 Social and Customary Contexts........................................................................................... 25 Employment ......................................................................................................................... 27 Employment Situation in NTT and in 3 Regions .............................................................. 27 Human Trafficking in NTT and in 3 Regions .................................................................... 30 Chapter 2 Summary ............................................................................................................. 32 Chapter 3:Results of the Survey of Community Attitudes in Three Districts ................ 34 Respondents Profile ............................................................................................................. 34 Society Attitude Toward Human Trafficking ........................................................................ 37 Cognitive Aspects ............................................................................................................. 41 Affective Aspects .............................................................................................................. 45 Behavioral Aspects ........................................................................................................... 46 Analysis between Variables and Clusters ........................................................................... 48 Cluster Analysis ................................................................................................................ 50 Chapter 3 Summary ............................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 4: General Patterns of Human Trafficking in the Moratorium Period ............... 55 Migration, Remittances, and Moratorium ............................................................................. 55 Moratorium and Governance Improvement, Are They Really Connected? ........................ 58 Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Risky Migration, and Moratorium ................................... 61 The Victims, and Society's Attitude to Human Trafficking ............................................... 62 Old Strategy Modes and Kinship Pathways ..................................................................... 65 New Strategy Modes ........................................................................................................ 67 Society Attitudes and Human Trafficking during the Moratorium Period ............................ 69 Chapter 4 Summary ............................................................................................................. 69 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................... 73 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 74 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 78 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 82 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 85 List of Charts .......................................................................................................................... 85 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praise be to God Almighty for the completion of this research report. As "joint program", this research is a follow-up to the meeting of the Zero Human Trafficking Network (ZHTN) Task Force at Wisma Samadi, Jakarta Archdiocese, 10 - 11 September 2020. In addition to agreeing on the formation of a Research Task Force, this meeting also produced recommendations for research themes on the impact of the temporary terminal (moratorium) policy on Indonesian migrant workers abroad on the situation of human trafficking in the East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research began in January 2020 and was dormant for several months due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. On behalf of the Research Task Force Coordinator, Zero Human Trafficking Network (ZHTN), we would like to thank Nienke Vierstra (Mensen met een Missie, NL) for the input on the substance, methodology, and support of this research. Thank you also to Fr. Paul Rahmat, Fr. Agus Duka (VIVAT Indonesia), Pdt. Emmy Sahertian (GMIT), Pdt. Elga Sarapung (DIAN/Interfidei Foundation), Sr. Estochia Monika Nata (TRUK F Maumere), Sr. Maria Yosephina Pahlawati (JPIC SSPS West Flores), Pius Rengka (VOX East Nusa Tenggara) which has helped enrich ideas, as well as helped deepen information to support the implementation of research in the field. Thank you to Yohanes Victor Lasi Usbobo (Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change/IRGSC) who organized the survey and facilitated the FGD in Kupang city. Enumerator friends for Kupang; Yanny, Sri, Decky, Dida, Arys, Merlin, Even. Enumerator friends for Sikka Regency; Maria Theresia Y. Helfi, Y. Dafrosa, Yano, Elisabet Istilca, Maria Dortina, Elisabet Bestyana, Sr. Fanti, Yulianto Valentino, Muche Bakang, and Fransiskus Gunadi. Enumerators from West Manggarai Regency; Itho Umar, Ningsih, Indah Sega, Wahyu, Vincent, Nesty, Koko Candra, Milano, Afry Magung, and Tilde, thank you for your hard work in supporting the field survey. Thank you Fr. Ignas Ledot - Puslit Candraditya Maumere and Dr. Max Regus Unika Santo Paulus Ruteng for his FGD facilitation in Sikka Regency
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