MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 299-307

Synergy of the Regional Government and the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in the Border Area Development of the Democratic Republic of -Leste (RDTL)

1YUDI RUSFIANA, 2UDAYA MADJID2

Faculty of Government Management (FMP) Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km. 20 Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363 Email:[email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract.Building border areas is a government duty, including the local government. Conditions in the border area require continuity of acceleration so that it really becomes the front porch of the Unitary Republic of . It takes approaches in doing so, such as welfare and security approaches because the guarantee of security in the border area will lead to conducive development. To implement such approaches in the framework of development at the border area, synergies between the local government and Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) through Kowil Officers of border areas is required. Therefore, this paper focuses on how the synergy between the Regional Government and the TNI Kowil Apparatus in developing the NKRI-RDTL Border Area. The research method used is qualitative method with literature study techniques or literature review, documentation, and other descriptive techniques. The results show that the synergy between the local government and TNI has a high urgency to do. Synergy can be done through collaboration in the implementation of tasks and functions as well as cooperation, especially in the implementation of infrastructure development involving the strength and potential of the Regional Command Apparatus, either through involvement in aspects of human resources and infrastructure facilities in various activities of bhakti TNI or in activities which then synergized by the government area.The synergy of the development in the border area can be achieved optimally so that in the end can improve the welfare of the people integrally, while supporting the performance of the local government and the TNI itself as an integral part of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: Synergy, Local Government, Regional Command, State Border Area

Introduction shifting of boundary line; economic dimension problems, and the rampant of smuggling The development of state border and outward-oriented marketing. Therefore, areas is a part of national development in building a border area of the country as well general. To build a border area requires the as in NKRI-RDTL requires a comprehensive attention from all parts, both central and local handling, coordination, and synergy from governments that are more focus, so there various parties. will be an improvement of the implementation development quality. Law Number 43 Year 2008 on Territory of the State has been distributed to the authority The problems of development in border of Government, Provincial Government, areas generally include geographic conditions Regency/Municipal Government, and and topography of the region; local dimensions Management Board in managing the border problems such as poverty; Infrastructure; area. Therefore, the management of state national dimension of illegal economic border area becomes a concurrent authority activities; regional dimension problems such which means involving all parties, both central as social disparities between citizen in their and local government. own country and neighbour citizen, and the

Received: April 21, 2017, Revision: September 27, 2017, Accepted: December18, 2017 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29313 Accredited B based on the decree No.040/P/2014, valid on February, 18, 2014 until February, 18, 2019. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, IPI

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Figure 1 a contradictory on Article 11 and Article 12 State Border Map of NKRI-RDTL – of Law Number 43 Year 2008 about State Territory or Cancel For Law. The article contrib u tes greatly to reviewing the vario u s regulations related to border area management. However, the important thing is h ow to synergize the authority of border area management to build a more advanced bor d er area as the front porch of NKRI. Synergy is so conjunctionally urgent in the construction of state border areas, especially the synergy that must be established between the Regional Government and the Source : Sindonews.com, retrieved on November,2nd Regional Army Command Apparatus because 2017 the two institutions are in the operational level and present as the representative of Among various problems existed in the state in the border region which have NKRI-RTDL border area, two of them are to carry out development with various construction of unfinished infrastructure and approaches both welfare and security to the rampant of illegal activity and security ensure the sustainability of development and assurance especially in the integrity of NKRI. Province which call for a stable conductive regional. Therefore, this article will discusses the development situation in the scope of Agus Mulyana in a Journal of S2 Law Indonesia’s border area, especially East Nusa Student Tanjungpura University Vol 2, No Tenggara (NTT) territory border that directly 4 (2013) discuss about The Development abutting to the Democratic Republic of Timor of Border Area of Indonesia and Malaysia Leste (RDTL), describing the actual situation In Badau District o f Kapuas Hulu Regency and condition that occurred in the border, and article through leg a l approach, stated that try to link or looking at synergic relationship The Development of K apuas Hulu Regency exists between the Regional Government and Border Area Plannin g becomes an integral the TNI through the Kowil Apparatus whose in part of RPJPD, RPJMD and RKPD of Kapuas charge of improving the development in the Hulu Regency. Badau is an area that has border area. Various key factors, elements, potential superior resources to be developed and various elements are also presented in to encourage local e conomic activities this paper to be able to describe the situation and activities of r e gional economic units. that happened as it is and try to answer the Badau’s strategic p o sition in state border formulation of the problem that has been set. areas has direct access with Sarawak, East Malaysia, which is a push factor for economic The objectives that have been set out in development in Bada u Sub-district and its this paper are to find out how the synergies surroundings towards the realization of border are developed between local government area as the front porch of NKRI. and the TNI through the Regional Command (Kowil) in the border area of NTT-Timor Leste, The article, substantively observe the and to know how it can contribu t e to the development of state border areas from legal development occurred in the border areas. aspect based on recommendation issued by While the benefit of writing this paper is to the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 2 provide theoretical and practical contribution of 2011 on Guidelines for the Establishment for policymakers at the local level and (if it of Border Managemen t Bodies In Region, is possible to be a recommendation for) the which regulates the authority, duties, and central government and TNI in the effort of functions of the Border Management Agency policy formulation in the future. (BPP ) Provincial a n d Regency / Municipal BPP by taking over the authority of Provincial The problem to be answered through Government and District / City Government this research is: as arranged in Article 6 and Article 7, Law How is the Synergy of Local Government Number 43 Year 2008 , which can be done and Kowil Army Apparatus in building NTT- a judicial review to Supreme Court because Timor Leste Border Area?

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Research methods only a line in a map, or a political boundary mark (security checkpoints, passport control, The method used is qualitative method transit points) progressing towards a wider with literature study technique or literature dimension. Thus, the borderless nuance is study which tries to collect various collective more visible and encourages prosperity and data documented in the form of publications security or human security to be developed, such as books, documents, and various other which make the function of border area sources. becomes important as one of the economic This method is used by considering growth motor (strategic area), although it is various elements such as fund, power, and often located in periphery. data owned by the researchers; weight of the The development of the border area is a problem; and various other limitations that sensitive agenda because it involves political must be faced by researchers in conducting issues and diminishes the bilateral tension this research. This method and techniques between two countries. The function of border used are the best method used from the area is divided into several components results of considerations undertaken to that interconnected and have an important produce a paper that is able to answer portion. Importance of border area function research questions posed. is due to border area as the face of a country alongside the function as a boundary line of a country. A border region has a function as a Community Development on NTT- symbol of identity and related fiscal functions RTDL Border concerning state finance and government The border in Nusa Tenggara Barat control in border region activities. province with Timor Leste is located in three districts of , Regency, Table 1 and North Central Timor District. According Frontier Area Functions According to to the results of the Ministry of Public Works Guo and Van Well Research through Strategic Management No Guo (2005) No Van Well (2006) Study of Border Area Integrated Management 1 As a legal 1 As barriers, in 2004, most areas passed as cross-border Function, which divides areas are located in Belu regency in East where the clearly into Tasifeto district. borderline economic, Currently, various of State Border divides the administrative, territory legal, sovereign Crossings (PLBN) have been established along formally within and psychological border area. This is an effort to develop border the authority aspects; areas community that has been cultivated of the state by government at this time, especially in 2 As a control 2 As a bridge, its President Jokowi government era with his function to function is to “Nawa Cita”. carrying out of bridge a strategic each activity program / Community development in NTT- in border as a network, RTDL border area is directed towards government capacity economic development especially functioned control building; to encourage the improvement of people’s welfare and encourage exports, so that border 3 As a fiscal 3 Limits of areas are considered an economic growth function, resources, it is points that can exports to other countries. related to the existence the financial of economic function of a and political Conceptual Review country opportunities in the utilization Border area is one of the strategic of resources in areas. Nationally, this area concerns the both regions; livelihood of the people, whether viewed from 4 As an identity symbol of the point of political interests, economic, a territory/ social, cultural, environmental, and defense nation / country of security. (Moeldoko, 2010 h.3). identity. Condition of the original border area is (Source: Guo (2005); Van Well (2006) quoted by

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Kurniadi (2009: 32) through joint ventures. Stephen B. Jones in Sutisna (2010: 12) formulates a theories relating to the Present condition development and management of border areas Presently, the conditions of handling into the scope 1) Allocation; 2) Delimination; border areas, including outer islands, are still Democration, and 3) administration. not well integrated wherein each ministry The conceptual review above tends to run on basis of their own interests emphasizes the realization of border area as and ignore alignment. a front porch that is oriented on prosperity Judging from its natural condition, NTT’s aspect and security done by various parties natural condition is not very good. NTT does both at central and local government level. not have the high natural resources that its Vertically and horizontally this is related to citizens can use to improve their welfare. the focus of work concentration of President This causes most of the people live in of RI Ir Joko Widodo and all governmental poverty line with low level of prosperity and devices, including TNI as a concrete form live in isolated and left behind areas. The main of the President Ir. Joko Widodo’s Nawacita livelihood of the people in this area is dryland Program as a form of state presence in the farmers. But one better thing is that this community. It is also for the development of condition in NTT is still better than condition defense in border region. The involvement of East Timorese people in the same border. of TNI in border area is a principle and indispensable, because after all the presence of TNI in the community is glue and a unifying Effort of Local Government in Devel- force to protect from the enemy’s threat. opment As stated above, problem in building state border area in NKRI-RDT, precisely in The government currently accelerating NTT province is Infrastructure development, the establishment of an integrated border rampant of illegal activities and security area in East Nusa Tenggara bordering on guarantees. Therefore, a solid synergy Timor Leste, as it is known as stated in State between the local government and the regional Border Area with Timor Leste State in NTT command of the Army Command is required. is a relatively new territory of State Border considering that Timor Leste is a country TNI is very concerned about the which was newly formed and was used to be security in State Border Area in accordance one of the provinces in Indonesia. with the main duties of its functions stated in Law Number 34 Year 2004 on TNI. TNI The condition of border areas in East is a state defense force that has task in Nusa Tenggara is generally still not developed Operation Military War and Military Operations with the less and temporary facilities and Other than War. It is including to ensure infrastructure. However, it is relatively better security in border area and being involved than in . In this border region there in development of the region carried out is already an activity of trading goods and by the territorial command authorities services required by the people of Timor Leste in corresponding with the Guidebook on with relatively higher selling value, resulting Territorial Development (2007: 10) consist in various illegal activities in the trade of Kodam, Kodim and Koramil who organize Figure 2 Territorial Development continuously, stand The economic growth of Timor Leste & alone or together with relevant agencies and Indonesia other community components, in accordance with the authority and legislation. Synergy is very important to do, considering Synergy is as Deardorff and Williams (2006) stated “Synergy is not something that we can hold in our hands but the term is multiply exponentially through joint, collaborative effort”. It means that Synergy is not something that we can hold by our hands but a term that means multiplier effect enables individual to work or service the energy to become multiply exponentially Source: faisalbasri.com/2014/01/05/timor-leste-

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sudah-menyusul-indonesia Rote Ndao 13. Baa 10 - Through cooperation between both Regency central and local government as government Sabu Raijua 14. Seba 6 - organizer, border area development efforts Regency are prioritized to focus on security and Sikka 15. Maumere 21 147 welfare. Regency In security field, as it forwarded in Sumba Tempo.co tabloid 2016, Home Affairs Minister 16. Barat Waikabubak 12 - Regency Accelerates Development on the NTT-Timor Sumba Leste Border which was downloaded on July 17. Barat Daya Tambolaka 11 95 17, 2017 that the border areas of NTT-Timor Regency Leste are highly vulnerable to transnational Sumba crimes, especially human trafficking and 18. Tengah Waibakul 5 43 illegal fishing. Regency In addition, the issue of unacceptable Sumba border areas between Indonesia and Timor 19. Timur Waingapu 22 - Regency Leste also has the potential to become a security threat that could disrupt relations Timor Tengah between the two countries. Meanwhile, in 20. Soe 32 - Selatan the field of economy, development focused Regency towards welfare of the community and how to Timor create conditions for the wheels of the economy Tengah 21. Kefamenanu 9 - where people can move more quickly. One of Utara the efforts is to develop the economic area Regency and infrastructure development. Kupang 22. - 6 51 City Table 2 List of Regencies / Cities in East Nusa Source: BPS of NTT Province, 2016 Tenggara Province TNI efforts through Kowil District / Vil- No. City District Town lage Law No. 3 of 2002 about State Defense Alor in article 4 states that “State defense aims to 1. Kalabahi 17 - Regency safeguard and protect the sovereignty of the Belu State, the territorial integrity of NKRI, and the 2. 24 196 Regency safety of the whole nation from all forms of Ende threat”. TNI in carrying out its duties and role 3. Ende 40 - Regency as a defense tool of the State is always ready to perform one of its functions as a restorer Flores of all forms of threat including to carry out 4. Timur Larantuka 19 21 disaster management tasks. Regency Kupang Law No. 34 of 2004 on TNI. In Law No. 5. Oelamasi 24 218 Regency 34 of 2004 about Indonesian National Army in Lembata article 7, paragraph (2) explains that the main 6. Lewoleba 9 144 Regency task of the TNI is to implement OMSP, which Malaka is to help overcome the impact of natural 7. Betun 12 127 Regency disasters, refugees and humanitarian aid. Manggarai Thus, TNI’s strength and capability is solely to 8. Ruteng 9 132 Regency help overcome the problems that occur in all regions of Indonesia including the government Manggarai in implementing development in border areas. 9. Barat Labuan Bajo 10 - Regency This means that TNI now is not only Manggarai a national defense instrument that serves 10. Timur Borong 6 104 to fight aggressor, but TNI can also be Regency deployed to face other things outside of war. Ngada For example, as mentioned above TNI power 11. Bajawa 9 - Regency might be used in handling the impact of Nagekeo natural disasters, humanitarian assistance, 12. Mbay 7 90 Regency and other operational purposes.

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The international dynamics of in Eban Village West Miomaffo Sub-district, globalization have brought international issues TTU, NTT. The implementation of the current to emerge the requirement of special handling border control between Indonesia and Timor because they are no longer mainstream. The Leste is conducive, as evidenced by the visits existing international relations are no longer of both parties of the Pamtas apparatus. of a conflictual nature but are cooperational The exchange of information in the braid of or mutually cooperative between countries. maintaining security in this border region Therefore, the fact in the field, the function of continues to run. This means that In addition the army as the main force of the defense of to maintaining the security of the state, a country may change its function to face the the troops of the Indonesian National Army non-military threats due to the development (TNI) and the Kowil apparatus as stated of the era and globalization. in indonesianmilitary.com/2016/03/tni- membakar-motor-illegal-akan-dikirim.html In line with this, international issues downloaded on November 2nd 2017 are often and globalization that occurred have influence play a role in preventing the rise of smuggled to the region. This is because the various goods entering and going out of state. One agreements in high-level agreements made of them which is done by the TNI officers in by the state will affect the lives of the the border guarding area of Indonesia-Timor people to the smallest. This is because the Leste is success. international agreement that has been made will be a determinant of rights and obligations These efforts can enhance cooperation for each party to the agreement. Violation of it in border areas and possibly in other areas that will disrupt the diplomatic relations that have can improve the relationship of government been established. officials and relationships along the border lines of both countries. The threat posed by globalization also consists of various forms of threat, Furthermore, the gap between both physical and non-physical threats. Indonesia’s border regions and neighboring Physical threats include the emergence of countries lies mainly in economic issues. TNI internationally organized groups to commit in this case territorial command has been transnational crimes. The crimes meant above involved in infrastructure development and are those that committed among others such other government facilities through the Bhakti as terrorism, international human trafficking, TNI program which is certainly related to smuggling, narcotics, illegal logging, illegal the main task of the TNI to guard the state fishing, etc. sovereignty. Whilst non-physical threats may include Thus the activities of soldiers have the influence of global media in building encouraged the construction of public facilities public opinion, the influence of technology such as schools and others. TNI Commander- on people’s lives as humans, the moral in-Chief TNI Gatot Nurmantyo has stated degradation of the young generation, the that the deployment of TNI unit titles must erosion of nationalism values within society, have an impact on economic development in and other threats that pose a t h reat to the region. Once TNI unit slowly make the security and the defense of the nation and economy in the area continues to grow. state. Building physical infrastructure in At the regional level, TNI performs the NKRI-RDTL border region is aimed at its functions as a state defense instrument empowering and improving the level of through the Regional Command (Kowil) who economy and welfare of the border community exists throughout the territory of the unitary and also on the other hand facilitating the state of the Republic of Indonesia. Kowil is at mobilization of the TNI in its task away from the forefront of the society who protects and populated areas. assumes responsibility for their security and If the infrastructure is completed, it defense, particularly in this context for Kowil will greatly assist the TNI in maintaining the in the border area. situation and the conditions of the threat In the context of carrying out the task, of good smuggling. With various activities as in www.tniad.mil.id/index.php/2016/07/ carried out by the TNI, people in the border satgas-pamtas-ri-rdtl-yonif-raider-321- have a high sense of nationalism; they feel kostrad-terima-kaw-up-timor-leste/which cared for and become part of the people of was downloaded by 20thof July 2017, said that Indonesia. All efforts that have been made by Kowil apparatuses who had been appointed to the TNI, it is expected that local governments carry out the tasks in the border area include and central government also participate the Task Force Command Pamtas RI-RDTL in supporting equity and acceleration of West Sector Infantry Battalion Raider 321 / development in the border region and the Galuh Taruna (GT) Kostrad headquartered islands ahead.

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Urgency Synergy It relates to prosperity on the one hand and nationalism on the other hand. The Synergy is a joint effort to unite forces compulsion in terms of economic needs to achieve common goals. By synergizing the makes many qualified human resources in various resources scattered in each entity can the regions forced to not build their own area be combined and directed toward the shared and go to build other areas of people who are direction so it will realize the common goals more promising for their welfare. as had been expected before. In terms of synergy, the local Current development in the country government as the responsive one for handling of Indonesia as stated in Bappenas. On regional development needs assistance from http://www.bappenas.go.id/id/berita-dan- all parties including the TNI through kowil. siaran-pers/features/raker-iii-presiden- Synergy is needed to create unity and enge-sinergi-pusat-daerah-untuk-cam- development unity especially in NTT-RTDL pembangunan-daerah which is retrieved by border area. Synergy becomes the binding August 16th, 2017 relating to the acceleration of various parties to achieve the common of development that occurred in the border goal, namely the development that leads to region, is currently still focused on the reach the welfare of the people. In synergy island of Java. This has happened since the efforts, each collaborating party can take beginning of the independence period to the action in accordance with the capabilities and present day. their respective fields. For example, the TNI Various efforts have been made since in the field of maintaining border security, the new order era until the reforms to create Local Government in terms of coordinating equitable development conditions such as actions and various policies, Ministry of through transmigration, distribution and Public Works and Ministry of Communication placement of qualified human resources in Information and Ministry of Transportation various fields to various regions in Indonesia, through local agencies in the effort of facilities but still have not provide significant results and infrastructure development and also the yet for equitable development, including involvement of other parties such as the development occurred in the border area. Ministry of Small Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives and Private Companies in the The emergence of regional autonomy process of economic development either in policy based on the idea of decentralization the form of MSMEs although training in terms brings positive and negative benefits for the of investment. development that occurred. On the other hand, the policy of Regional Autonomy will The synergy becomes very important benefit their respective regi o ns because of for the development of the people and the authority, while regions have the authority achievement of welfare. If the synergy is to manage their own natural r e sources not done it will bring bad impact to the within their territories to utilize them for the community, namely the split direction of people of the region (management authority). development and all parties will go back to However, the implementation of this policy run their own spent resources with ineffective will be detrimental to the development of the and inefficient use. state integrally because there is an imbalance development caused by the different ability of one region with other regions in developing Expected Conditions When Synergy its potential. Discontinued Areas with high resources will not worry When the synergy is implemented, because they can rely on their own natural mainly between the Government through resources to support the development, but the Regional Government and TNI through for areas which do not have a lot of natural Kowil, it is expected to create acceleration resources, it will complicate the development of development through The formation of process that occurred. various infrastructure and public facilities for the community, especially those supporting This is also related to the support of the development of the community by building Human Resources in the regions. Particularly transportation and communication facilities so in the border areas, the available of Human that people on the border can increase their Resources are limited because many qualified own potential and their respective economies. human resources leave their area and live in big cities, in the capital or even abroad.

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The realization of an integrated vision Establishment of diplomatic, cooperation that integrates all work programs related to between two adjacent countries, more the supervision and development of the NTT- specifically cooperation between two adjacent RDTL border areas results in combining the regions, for example through sister city. With various roadmaps owned by each institution the expected cooperation will bring benefits so the development that happens will be more to both regions in particular and diplomatic focused and faster. relations between the two countries in general. Present the community as a supporting element for security and defense in border areas. In order to support development, Expected Development Steps communities can also be an element for The creation of a joint Master Plan the security of border areas. Society can be among the Government, TNI , and with an informant for transnational crimes that other stakeholders in general, resulting in an occurred so the threat will not interrupt the integrated coordination of a decision-making process of ongoing development. committee. The emergence sense of belonging from With the master plan, the coordination every element of society, government, and between various institutions and their TNI are tasked with the main foundation of respective authorities can be more controllable nationalism, the spirit of nationality and state and directed so that development will be more defending so the development will be done focus and accelerated development can be on the spirit and minimize the occurrence of achieved as expected. various acts of cheating such as corruption. The priority of infrastructure and It has been clearly and legally- infrastructures development in the form of documented about the various boundary roads to regulate inter-regional connectivity documents between Indonesia and Timor so can accelerate the economic activity. Leste so there are no more seeds of disputes that could disrupt diplomatic relations. The development of infrastructure in the form of facilities and infrastructure It aims to increased quality of life of communications will be able to improve and living standards of border communities the welfare of the community significantly, through improved education, health, and the because it will accelerate the pace of economic economy. It is expected that the synergy activity that occurred in the border area. can be maximized through the construction of academic facilities such as schools, the It is a combination effort of people’s availability of teachers and educators, the power and TNI in the border as a shieldmain availability of hospitals and health facilities in warding off every form threats of defense along with more competent medical officers, and security. Communities can contribute as well as the availability of jobs and ease in to support development through the act of conducting business climate. counteracting security threats, for example, be the reporting of an act or suspicious action The state border area becomes a across borders (becoming informants for the representation for the entire territory of the duty officers). country. Speaking of borders is inseparable from talking about the sovereignty of the Bringing the spirit of nationality within state. Once the importance of the border the border community to feel proud of NKRI makes the government should pay great and feel that the government is always with attention. It is so strategic that the border can them. affect life in a country or region. By keeping By bringing the spirit of the society, they the border well by improve all of those will feel more attention from the government expected qualities (safety, education, health so the spirit of nationalism re-emerged in the as well as economy), it will bring a positive process of development acceleration. impact on a region since it represent the entire condition of the country. So the appearance Accelerate declarations and the setting of the border area should be as beautiful as of inter-boundary lines countries with the possible to make the tourism turmoil increase clear boundary markers and protected by as well as to raise the dignity and honor of international law and built enough TNI unit the nation in the international eyes. to be integrated with local non-military power in order to maintain the territory border of all

306 ISSN 0215-8175 | EISSN 2303-2499 MIMBAR, Vol. 33, No. 2nd (December, 2017), pp. 299-307 forms threat. Conclusion International Declaration of a clear The state border area is a strategic area boundary line can only minimize the potential and the country’s foremost porch. This area for diplomatic disputes between the two must be built, so various regulations have countries but can also assist TNI activities in regulated how this area should be managed. charge of performing tasks more clearly and However, the most important thing in directed. Officials in the field will be more establishing border areas as well as in the easily assisted in safeguarding the security NTT Province directly bordering on RDTL is and defense of border areas from any threats synergy, or cooperation and collaboration as to that arise if the defined boundaries are clearly accelerate the development of infrastructure, defined. economic and secured territorial security. Develop human resources and unravel The synergy can be done by the Regional underdevelopment through accelerated Government and the Kowil Apparatus in this development efforts in the form of case Kodam, Korem, and Kodim through establishment of vital public facilities in the various activities that can be constitutionally border area of NTT-Timor Leste. as the involvement of Kowil in planning The construction of vital facilities such development, linking the activities of Kowil as hospitals, schools and commercial areas as well as Bhakti TNI, TMMD in development can help improve the welfare of the people activities and development community in the at the border an d can raise the status of border area. today’s backward and isolated societies into In the end, development is done by high-confidence-minded societies in the face combining the authority and function of every of the impact of globalization which also has institution, stakeholders, and other resources an effect on the border area. into a major systemic plan which is carried out Make the border region a state storefront through a centralized coordination to achieve or front porch n o t as the backyard of the the various objectives. country. This is called a synergy. The local As fort of a sovereign state, border government and the TNI through Kowil have areas should receive special attention their own roles, but the combination of these primarily for the acceleration of development roles is what makes accelerated development process, since the border areas have many possible. potentials that can be developed for the tourism industry. The state will be well References regarded if the development of its border areas is good because the border region can Hildebrand, ME & Grindle, MS (1997), be a representation of the country in the eyes “Building sustainable capacity in the public of the international.Improving the quality sector what can be done?” In MS, Grindle and quantity of bilateral cooperation between (Ed), Harvard University Press two countries bordering on various forms eg Ministry of Public Works, (2009). Materials sister city. / information from several studies Directorate General of Spatial Planning Various forms of cooperation as a Kurniadi, D. (2009). Strategy for Development form of synergy that will be carried out will of Boundary Territories: Encouraging bring benefits such as improving diplomatic Economic Growth Entikong Sanggau relations more closely, the process of District, West Kalimantan Province. cooperation is more open in various fields, Semarang: Onsoed. and minimize the conflict so can create easier Moeldoko. (2010). The Complexity of Border task and performance of the local government Management (Review of Indonesian and TNI itself because basically a kind of good Border Management Policy Perspective). sister city cooperation can be done directly by Jakarta. the community where the government only Sutisna, et al. “Boundary Making Theory serves as facilitator and guide the way for the and Border Management of Indonesia,” ongoing cooperation. in Ludiro Madu (ed). 2010. Managing Indonesia’s Border in a Boundless World: Issues, issues, and policy options. Yokyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

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