Newport City Council

Newport City Council 2017 Air Quality Progress Report

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

September 2017

LAQM Progress Report 2017 i Newport City Council

Local Authority Peter Mackintosh Officer Senior Scientific Officer

Department Environmental Health Law & Regulation Room 719 Civic Centre Address Godfrey Road Newport NP20 4UR Telephone 01633 210850 E-mail [email protected] Report Reference Final V1_1 number Date September 2017

LAQM Progress Report 2017 ii Newport City Council

Executive Summary

This report covers the 2016 monitoring period. Air quality in Newport has shown little sign of improvement compared to the previous (2015) round of monitoring. Twenty five new diffusion tube locations have been added during 2016. Twelve of the existing fifty five tubes have been relocated making a total of eighty monitoring locations, and two automatic stations.

Of these new locations several new exceedances have been encountered which include: Caerphilly Road, Cefn Road and George Street for which new AQMAs should be considered.

Monitoring sites along the M4 corridor appear to have been impacted by the Brynglas Tunnel works. A marked improvement in air quality along some sections of the M4 may be attributed to the night closures, reducing the overall volume of road traffic emissions.

During 2016 work has continued on drafting a revised air quality action plan which will be ready for public consultation in due course.

The results of this report recommend the following actions:

1. Declare New AQMAs for: a. Cefn Road b. Caerphilly Road c. George Street Revise AQMA boundaries for: d. Caerleon e. Chepstow Road f. Malpas Road 2. Public consultation on a draft air quality action plan. 3. Continue the review and development of the air quality monitoring programme.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 i Newport City Council

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...... i 1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area ...... 1 1.2 Purpose of Progress Report ...... 1 1.3 Air Quality Objectives ...... 1 1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments...... 3 2 New Monitoring Data ...... 6 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 6 2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives ...... 25 3 New Local Developments ...... 58 3.1 Road Traffic Sources ...... 58 3.2 Other Transport Sources ...... 59 3.3 Industrial Sources ...... 59 3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources ...... 59 3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources ...... 60 4 Planning Applications ...... 61 5 Air Quality Planning Policies ...... 62 6 Implementation of Action Plans ...... 63 7 Conclusions and Proposed Actions ...... 64 7.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ...... 64 7.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments ...... 64 7.3 Other Conclusions ...... 64 7.4 Proposed Actions ...... 65 8 References ...... 66

List of Tables Table 1.1 – Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in Wales Table 1.2 - Summary of Previous Report and Assessment Stages Table 2.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Table 2.2 – Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

LAQM Progress Report 2017 i Newport City Council

Table 2.3 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Table 2.4 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Table 2.5 – Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2016 outside of AQMAs

Table 2.6 – Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2016 associated with AQMAs

Table 2.7 – Full Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2016

Table 2.8 – Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2012 to 2016)

Table 2.9 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Table 2.8 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective

List of Figures Figure 1.1 – Map(s) of AQMA Boundaries Figure 2.1 – Map(s) of Automatic Monitoring Sites Figure 2.2 – Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Figure 2.3 – M4 Unit Distance Analysis Figure 2.4 – Automatic Monitoring Analysis Figure 2.5 – M4 Traffic Statistics Analysis Figure 2.6 – M4 Diffusion Tube Analysis Figure 2.7 – Diffusion Tube Trend Figure 2.8 – Diffusion Tube Trend Percentage Change Figure 2.9 – Automatic Trend Analysis

Appendices

Appendix A: QA/QC Data Appendix B: Monthly Diffusion Tube Results 2016 Appendix C: Detailed Maps of AQMAs within the Newport City District

LAQM Progress Report 2017 ii Newport City Council 1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

Newport is the third largest city in Wales situated on the South Wales coast. The city population of Newport is just over 140,000 (based on the national census) covering approximately 84 square miles. A large proportion of the authority is urban which includes a large docks area, several large industrial estates and the M4 motorway.

There has been a steady decline in heavy industry over the past three decades resulting in the gradual replacement of industrial installations with residential dwellings.

Recently the city centre has undergone extensive regeneration including a new shopping facility, parking and public transport infrastructure. The M4 motorway transects several of Newport’s residential suburbs and there are proposals to redirected M4 around the south of the city to ease congestion.

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in Wales are set out in the Air Quality (Wales) Regulations 2000, No. 1940 (Wales 138), Air Quality (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations 2002, No 3182 (Wales 298), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of micrograms per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrams per

LAQM Progress Report 2017 1 Newport City Council cubic metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted (where applicable).

Table 1.1 – Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in Wales Air Quality Objective Date to be Pollutant Concentration Measured as achieved by Running annual 16.25 µg/m3 31.12.2003 Benzene mean 5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2011 Running annual 1,3-butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 31.12.2003 mean Running 8-hour Carbon monoxide 10 mg/m3 31.12.2003 mean 0.50 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead 0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide than 18 times a year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate matter 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 (PM10) than 35 times a (gravimetric) year 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 than 24 times a year 125 µg/m3, not to Sulphur dioxide be exceeded more 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 than 35 times a year

LAQM Progress Report 2017 2 Newport City Council

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

The Environment Act requires local authorities to review and assess air quality, table 1.2 (below) shows air quality reports and assessments at key stages.

Table 1.2 Summary of Previous Report and Assessment Stages

Report Title Date Outcome Summary

First Round – Stage 1 Review December & Assessment of Air Quality 1998 First Round – Stage 2 Review October & Assessment of Air Quality 1999 First Round – Stage 3 Review June & Assessment of Air Quality 2001 Air Quality Updating and May 2003 Seven areas adjacent to the M4 Screening Assessment identified and declared as AQMA’s, through modelling and monitoring First Round – Stage 4 Review July 2004 & Assessment of Air Quality Detailed Assessment 2004 Fours AQMA’s were revoked and the remaining 3 amended. Air Quality Progress Report Sept 2005 Exceedances for NO2. All other pollutants met objective levels. Four new AQMA proposed. Air Quality Updating and 2006 No new significant sources Screening Assessment identified. Large industrial operations considered in the past are no longer considered as having a significant impact on air quality at receptor locations. Air Quality Progress Report 2007 Nitrogen dioxide exceedances in areas outside existing AQMA’s. Two new AQMA’s proposed. Air Quality Action Plan 2008 For seven existing AQMA’s

Air Quality Updating and 2009 Identified exceedances outside Screening Assessment AQMA’s and one AQMA falling below objective level. Detailed Assessment required. Air Quality Action Plan 2009 Update on the progress of action Progress Report plan measure implementation. Air Quality Detailed 2009 Created two new AQMA’s and Assessment retained existing declared AQMA’s. Air Quality Progress Report 2010 No detailed assessment required

Air Quality Progress Report 2011 No detailed assessment required

LAQM Progress Report 2017 3 Newport City Council

Report Title Date Outcome Summary

Air Quality updating and 2012 Three areas identified outside Screening Assessment AQMA, further monitoring recommended. No detailed assessment required. Air Quality Progress Report 2013 No detailed assessment required

Air Quality Progress Report 2014 Identified exceedances outside current AQMAs. Glasllwch Crescent required a detailed assessment Air Quality Updating and 2015 Two further detailed assessments Screening Assessment recommended for Chepstow Road / Clarence Place and Caerleon.

Independent Assessments completed for Chepstow Road, Caerleon and Glasllwch Crescent – Detailed Assessment by NCC will follow. Air Quality Progress Report 2016 The 2015 monitoring results indicated exceedances outside of the current AQMA boundaries for Caerleon, Chepstow Road and Glasllwch Crescent. Similar to what was previously reported in 2015. Detailed Assessment 2016 Detailed Assessment for Caerleon undertaken and accepted by Welsh Government. NB. Since the detailed assessment was undertaken, changes in the Guidance no longer require a detailed assessment to be completed prior to declaring / altering AQMAs.

The last three years of documents are available via the council’s website (www.newport.gov.uk/airquality), Reports older than three years are available upon request please contact [email protected] for further details.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 4 Newport City Council

Figure 1.1 – Map(s) of AQMA Boundaries

1 – Glasllwch, 2 – Malpas Road (Graig Park Ave), 3 – Shaftsbury, 4 – Malpas Road, 5 – Caerleon Road, 6 – St Julian’s, 7 – High Street (Caerleon), 8 – Royal Oak Hill, 9 – Chepstow Road. More detailed maps of each AQMA can be found in Appendix C

LAQM Progress Report 2017 5 Newport City Council

2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

Within the Newport City Area there are two Automatic Monitoring Stations. St Julian’s is owned and operated by Newport City Council. The second is located next to the M4 owned by Welsh Government and currently operated by Newport City Council.

Figure 2.1 – Map(s) of Automatic Monitoring Sites

A - St Julian’s Automatic Monitoring Site

Newport City Council Automatic Monitoring Station is located at St Julian’s Comprehensive School, Heather Road, Newport NP19 7XU. The station monitors for:

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

 Particulates (PM10, PM2.5)

 Benzene

 Polly aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

The monitoring station is located within the grounds of the school and is considered an urban background monitoring location. It is approximately 55 metres south from the hard shoulder of the M4, slightly elevated above the carriageway and a densely vegetated area that immediately borders the carriageway.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 6 Newport City Council

The unit is equipped to monitor for NO2 and PM10, which commenced in February 2003. In 2008 the site became part of the Automatic Urban and Rural Network

(AURN) of monitoring stations and included an additional PM2.5 monitor. The site is calibrated by Newport City Council staff and maintenance is carried out by an independent contractor.

Data is automatically uploaded to the Welsh Air Quality forum website - Air Quality Wales (www.welshairquality.co.uk). Here data ratification is carried out by an independent consultant for all automatic monitoring stations across the Wales.

B - M4 Automatic Monitoring Unit

Owned by Welsh Government, the unit is located on the northern embankment of the M4 near junction 25.The unit is situated on land that is owned by the Highways Agency between the M4 and Badminton Road/Old Barn. The station monitors for:

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

 Ozone

Located within the boundary of the M4 corridor, it is considered to be a Roadside location. Initially it was positioned to determine if the reduced speed limit on the section of the M4 had an impact upon local air quality. It is approximately 5.5m from the M4 hard shoulder at an elevation of 7.5m. The site became operational in June 2012, monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone. Newport City Council staff undertake limited maintenance on behalf of the Welsh Government, the remainder is carried out by an independent contractor.

Data is automatically uploaded to the Welsh Air Quality forum website - Air Quality Wales (www.welshairquality.co.uk). Here data ratification is carried out by an independent consultant for all automatic monitoring stations across Wales.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 7 Newport City Council Table 2.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Relevant Exposure? Distance Does this (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Inlet distance Site Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Monitoring Nearest Represent Site Type Height (m) from ID Name Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Technique Road (m) Worst- (m) monitoring (N/A if not Case site to applicable) Exposure? relevant exposure) NO, NO2, St PM2.5, TEOM/FDMS Urban Y(2m 55m South A Julian’s 332418 189603 2 PM10, N Automatic N Background School) of M4 School Benzene, Analyser PAH’s 5m North of M4 Ozone, Automatic B M4 Roadside 332685 189613 2 N N(40m) (Within N NO, NO2 Analyser Motorway Verge)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 8 Newport City Council

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Environmental Health has an extensive diffusion tube monitoring network. In 2015 it comprised of 55 diffusion tubes, this has now increased to 80 tubes as shown in Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2. The location of each tube is selected following the assessment of areas likely to suffer from poor air quality due to traffic volume, congestion and/or street layout and the presence of relevant receptors.

Diffusion tubes are located within a monitoring position for at least twelve months and if no exceedances or significant elevated level of nitrogen dioxide is identified the tube is relocated to another potential location.

Preferably tubes are located on the façade of residential buildings, or as close as possible, to provide an accurate measurement of relevant exposure. Where it has not been possible to locate a tube on the façade of residential property the next most suitable location is chosen (i.e. lamppost) to provide a roadside or kerbside measurement.

All diffusion tubes are currently monitoring road vehicle sources with the exception of the co-location tubes at the automatic monitoring stations. The diffusion tubes located at the St Julian’s monitoring station are used for bias adjustment purposes.

The tube results have been distance corrected (where appropriate) and adjusted for bias using has been carried out using the approach set out in LAQM.TG16. Details of the bias calculation are detailed in Appendix A.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 9 Newport City Council

Figure 2.2 – Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

A – 2016 Diffusion tube locations

B – 2015/16 Diffusion tube location comparison – Red: New tube locations (2016) in addition to B: Black original locations (2015)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 10 Newport City Council Table 2.2 – Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites (-- tubes that have been relocated see table 2.5 for justification) Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) Chepstow NCC1 Kerbside 331995 188415 2.16 NO2 Y N Y (5.78) 0.68 Y Road 69 Glasllwch NCC2C Façade 328333 187869 1.73 NO2 N N Y (0) 6 Y Crescent 13 Mill Street NCC3A Façade 334092 190822 2.59 NO2 N N Y (0) 1.7 Y (Caerleon) 71 Glasllwch NCC4A Façade 328327 187880 1.83 NO2 N N Y (0) 11 Y Crescent 67 Glasllwch NCC4B Roadside 328363 187895 2.04 NO2 N N Y() 44.2 Y Crescent Corporation NCC5 Roadside 332327 187773 2.69 NO2 Y N Y (3.4) 0.68 Y Road 153 Malpas NCC6B Roadside 330565 189618 2.16 NO2 N N Y (0) 4.08 Y Road Glasllwch NCC7A Kerbside 328366 187323 2.74 NO2 N N Y (2) 9 Y Lane

LAQM Progress Report 2017 11 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 64 Glasllwch NCC7B Façade 328421 187778 1.1 NO2 N N Y(0) 42.2 Y Crescent High Street NCC8 Roadside 334105 190478 2.84 NO2 N N Y (0.34) 1.7 Y Caerleon 182

NCC9D Corporation Roadside 332062 187958 2.84 NO2 N N Y (4.42) 0.34 Y Road 97 Chepstow NCC10C Roadside 332093 188401 2.03 NO2 N N Y (3.0) 0.34 Y Road

NCC10D 234 Stow Hill Façade 330162 187628 2.1 NO2 N N Y(0) 2.2 Y

*169 Caerleon NCC11A Roadside 332018 188987 3 NO2 N N Y (0.34) 3.06 Y Road (Maceys) 73 George NCC12A Façade 331428 187498 2.74 NO2 N N Y (0) 2.7 Y Street

LAQM Progress Report 2017 12 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 76 Capel NCC13B Roadside 330932 187046 2.4 NO2 N N Y(1.2) 3 Y Crescent 48 Malpas NCC14A Façade 330834 189310 2.44 NO2 N N Y (0) 4.08 Y Road Glasllwch NCC15 Roadside 328443 187809 2.13 NO2 N N Y (4.8) 0 Y Crescent 40 Denbigh NCC16A Roadside 332320 189703 1.83 NO2 N N Y (2) 2 Y Road 179 Malpas NCC17A Façade 330507 189664 2.16 NO2 N N Y (0) 20 Y Road Bassaleg NCC18C Roadside 328586 187008 1.9 NO2 N N Y (0) 8 Y Road (158/3) 177 Malpas NCC19B Roadside 330510 189680 2.16 NO2 N N Y (0) 8 Y Road 94

NCC19C Mendalgief Façade 331083 186688 1.3 NO2 N N Y(0) 4.7 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 13 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 222

NCC20C Corporation Roadside 332182 187872 2.69 NO2 N N Y (2.4) 0.8 Y Road M4

NCC21D Groundhog 1 Roadside 332690 189615 2.54 NO2 N Y N/A N/A Y (Old Barn) 88 Chepstow NCC22B Roadside 332091 188382 2.69 NO2 N N Y (0) 2.04 Y Road M4

NCC23E Groundhog 2 Roadside 332690 189615 2.54 NO2 N Y N/A N/A Y (Old Barn) 21 Caerleon

NCC24B Road (Swift Roadside 331563 188548 2.46 NO2 N N Y (2.04) 2.04 Y LGV) 19 Caerleon NCC24C Façade 331562 188549 1.7 NO2 N N Y(0) 1.7 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 14 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) Denbigh Road ((No NCC25B Roadside 332307 189712 1.27 NO2 N N Y (3) 9 Y 41) M4 slip road) 19 High

NCC25C Street Façade 334182 190422 1.7 NO2 N N Y(0) 0.4 Y Caerleon 15 High

NCC26B Street, Roadside 334131 190461 2.59 NO2 N N Y (0.34) 2.38 Y Caerleon 18 High

NCC27B Street, Roadside 334143 190454 2.59 NO2 N N Y (0.34) 1.36 Y Caerleon 155 Caerleon NCC28B Roadside 332047 189070 2.9 NO2 N N Y (1.02) 3.06 Y Road 79 Chepstow NCC29B Roadside 332015 188415 2.84 NO2 N N Y (0) 3.4 Y Road (lib)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 15 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure)

NCC29C 5 Cefn Road Façade 327600 188468 2.1 NO2 N N Y(0) 0.8 Y 33 Wharf NCC30 Roadside 332190 188055 2 NO2 N N Y(0) 3 Y Road Buckland NCC31 Façade 334944 189240 1.83 NO2 N N Y (0) 9.3 Y Cottage 372 Malpas NCC32D Façade 330414 190526 2.30 NO2 N N Y (0) 5.76 Y Road 376 Malpas NCC32E Façade 330421 190537 1.9 NO2 N N Y(0) 5.8 Y Road 162

NCC33A Bassaleg Roadside 328539 186986 2.13 NO2 N N Y (0) 12.2 Y Road 69 Cefn NCC33B Façade 327390 188551 2.2 NO2 N N Y (0) 2.2 Y Road The Priory, NCC34A Façade 334010 190532 2.59 NO2 N N Y (0) 1.7 Y Caerleon

LAQM Progress Report 2017 16 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 6 Castle

NCC35A Street, Roadside 334232 190463 2.54 NO2 N N Y (1.7) 1.36 Y Caerleon 1 Castle

NCC36A Street, Roadside 334260 190479 2.79 NO2 N N Y (2.7) 1.02 Y Caerleon St. Julians Urban NCC37 332499 189569 2.59 NO2 N Y Y (0) 55 Y School 1 Background St. Julians Urban NCC38 332499 189569 2.59 NO2 N Y Y (0) 55 Y School 2 Background St. Julians Urban NCC39 332499 189569 2.59 NO2 N Y Y (0) 55 Y School 3 Background 158

NCC40 Bassaleg Roadside 328590 186992 3.05 NO2 N N Y (0) 9.9 Y Road 14 Risca NCC40A Façade 330065 187669 2.29 NO2 N N Y(0) 1.85 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 17 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) Bassaleg NCC41B Façade 328537 187005 2.69 NO2 N N Y (0) 11.5 Y Road (162/3) Mendalgief

NCC42 (Cardiff) Roadside 330915 187046 2.79 NO2 N N Y (0.8) 6.4 Y Road 7 Castle

NCC43A Street Façade 334212 190446 2.59 NO2 N N Y (0) 1.02 Y (Caerleon) 175/177

NCC44B Corporation Façade 332048 187989 2.2 NO2 N N Y(0) 4.0 Y Road 515 Malpas NCC45A Façade 330441 191001 1.96 NO2 N N Y (0) 6.5 Y Road 201

NCC45B Corporation Façade 332142 187921 2.45 NO2 N N Y(0) 2.35 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 18 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) *148

NCC46B Chepstow Roadside 332290 188339 2.84 NO2 N N N 2.72 Y Road 9 Castle

NCC47A Street Façade 334199 190431 2.79 NO2 N N Y (0) 1.36 Y (Caerleon)

NCC48C Cardiff Road Roadside 331100 187224 2.87 NO2 N N Y (3.0) 6.46 Y

85 Caerphilly NCC48D Façade 327053 186943 1.6 NO2 N N Y(0) 1.24 Y Road 40 Chepstow NCC49B Façade 331752 188444 2.29 NO2 N N Y (0) 11.56 Y Road 9 Caerleon NCC50 Roadside 331531 188536 2.26 NO2 N N Y (1.7) 2.38 Y Road (tattoo) 81 George NCC51 Façade 333751 190785 2.74 NO2 N N Y (0) 0 Y Street

LAQM Progress Report 2017 19 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 9 Station

NCC52 Road Roadside 333880 190970 2.54 NO2 N N Y (2.7) 1.7 Y (Caerleon) 5 High Street NCC53 Façade 333598 190556 2.26 NO2 N N Y (0) 4.08 Y (Caerleon) 96/98 Mill

NCC54 Street Roadside 334279 190593 2.7 NO2 N N Y (0) 1.36 Y (Caerleon) 116

NCC55 Alexandra Kerbside 331536 186222 2.79 NO2 N N Y (2.0) 0.34 Y Road

NCC56 Forge Close Façade 328015 186383 1.8 NO2 N N Y (0) 10.0 Y

30 Clytha NCC57 Façade 330581 188070 2.7 NO2 N N Y(0) 2.1 Y Park Square 1 Caerau NCC58 Façade 330563 188037 2.3 NO2 N N Y(0) 1.75 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 20 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 69

NCC59 Commercial Roadside 331552 187056 2.28 NO2 N N Y(1.3) 1.3 Y Street 1 Victoria NCC60 Roadside 331010 187733 2.8 NO2 N N Y(1.3) 2.7 Y Street

NCC61 119 Stow Hill Façade 330793 187566 2.29 NO2 N N Y(0) 2.1 Y

421 Malpas NCC62 Façade 330456 190646 1.09 NO2 Y N Y(0) 4.7 Y Road 88 Malpas NCC63 Façade 330743 189444 2.0 NO2 N N Y(0) 5 Y Road 4-6 Malpas NCC64 Façade 330891 189199 2.64 NO2 N N Y(0) 3 Y Road 153/155

NCC65 Chepstow Façade 330456 190646 2.39 NO2 Y N Y(0) 2.4 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 21 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 109

NCC66 Chepstow Façade 332204 188374 2.56 NO2 Y N Y 2.4 Y Road 1-17

NCC67 Corporation Façade 331529 188476 2.38 NO2 Y N Y(3.7) 3.7 Y Road Art College,

NCC68 Clarence Roadside 331386 188461 2.52 NO2 Y N Y(2.3) 2.3 Y Place 190 Caerleon NCC69 Façade 332089 189160 2.48 NO2 N N Y(0) 3.7 Y Road 6 Burton NCC70 Façade 332774 189609 2.15 NO2 N N Y(0) NA Y Road 318 Caerleon NCC71 Façade 332226 189703 1.8 NO2 N N Y(0) 3.1 Y Road 340 Caerleon NCC72 Façade 332325 189809 2.06 NO2 N N Y(0) 3.9 Y Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 22 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) Southgate,

NCC73 Whitehart Roadside 334123 190374 2.37 NO2 N N Y(2.6) 2.6 Y Lane Coach

NCC74 House, Façade 334155 190408 1.8 NO2 N N Y(0) 1.9 Y Caerleon 19 Goldcroft NCC75 Façade 33375 190785 2.2 NO2 N N Y(0) 0.4 Y Common 10 Cross

NCC76 Street, Roadside 334085 190587 2.1 NO2 N N Y(0.1) 1.1 Y Caerleon Toll House, NCC77 Roadside 334195 190186 1.6 NO2 N N Y(0) 1.9 Y Caerleon Gwent

NCC78 Cottage, Façade 334208 190186 1.75 NO2 N N Y(0) 0.8 Y Caerleon

LAQM Progress Report 2017 23 Newport City Council Relevant Is Exposure? Distance Does this Monitoring (Y/N with to Kerb of Location Site Co-located distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In Nearest Represent Site ID Site Name Site Type Height with a (m) from Reference Reference Monitored AQMA? Road (m) Worst- (m) Continuous monitoring (N/A if not Case Analyser site to applicable) Exposure? (Y/N) relevant exposure) 276 Christ NCC79 Façade 334221 188885 1.95 NO2 N N Y(0) NA Y Church Road 37 Old

NCC80 Langstone Façade 336869 189623 1.6 NO2 N N Y(0) 13.0 Y Court Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 24 Newport City Council

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Automatic Monitoring Data

St Julian’s Data Capture from the St Julian’s monitoring station for the 2016 monitoring period has been consistently high (94%). The Nitrogen Dioxide results are broadly consistent with previous year’s results with an annual mean of 22.0 µg/m3 (2016 21.0 µg/m3)

M4 (Junction 24) The M4 unit became operational in 2013. The 2016 data capture was 97% with the average nitrogen dioxide reading of 46.0 µg/m3 which is a significant drop from the previous year of 54.0 µg/m3. This may be partly due to the intermittent part and full closure of this stretch of the M4 from the improvement works at the Brynglas Tunnels. Further analysis of the M4 is provided in Figure 2.6.

In the 2016 progress report assessment of the neighbouring residential properties was undertaken to determine if relevant exposure was possible given the frequent elevated results from the automatic station.

Figure 2.3 - M4 Unit Distance Correction Analysis

Burton Road Diffusion Tube

LAQM Progress Report 2017 25 Newport City Council

To determine if an exceedance was present additional monitoring point was installed on the façade of a residential property at Burton Road. The results of which indicate 26.1 µg/m3, which is below the nitrogen dioxide objective. However due to the recorded dramatic fall in nitrogen dioxide readings from the automatic station, the diffusion tube results may not represent the worst case scenario. Further monitoring is recommended.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 26 Newport City Council

Table 2.3 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Valid Data Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) Valid Data Within Capture for Site ID Site Type Capture 2016 AQMA? Monitoring 2012* c 2013* c 2014* c 2015 c 2016 % b Period % a Urban St Julian’s N 100 94 22.0 23.1 22.4 21.0 22.0 Background Junction Roadside N 100 97 - 59.0 56.0 54.0 46.0 25A M4 3 In bold, exceedence of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m

LAQM Progress Report 2017 27 Newport City Council

Figure 2.4 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites (Trend line provided for the St Julian’s Unit)

The St Julian’s monitoring station indicates a general downward trend in Nitrogen Dioxide which was being mirrored in the M4 unit’s results. However the 2016 results indicate a slight increase in Nitrogen Dioxide at the St Julian’s Unit (background) with a dramatic decline in the M4 unit. Since July 2016 there have been regular night closures of the Brynglas Tunnels which may account for this dramatic change in the M4 unit’s results. However from the DfT statistics (Figure 2.5) there appears to have been little change in the overall volume. The construction works are still on going, and are due to be completed near the end of 2017. Only when the works have been completed will it be possible to determine if these closures are the reason for the dramatic decline.

It should also be noted the volume of road traffic is likely to increase due to the removal of the M4 Bridge Toll that is proposed to come into effect on 1st January 2019.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 28 Newport City Council

Figure 2.5 – M4 motorway road statistics obtained from the Department for Transport: http://www.dft.gov.uk/traffic- counts/cp.php?la=Newport

LAQM Progress Report 2017 29 Newport City Council

Table 2.4 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective Valid Data Number of Hourly Means > 200µg/m3 Valid Data Within Capture for Site ID Site Type Capture 2016 AQMA? Monitoring 2012* c 2013* c 2014* c 2015* c 2016 c % b Period % a Urban St Julian’s N 100 94 0 0 1 0 0 Background Junction Roadside N 100 97 - 12 0 2 5 25A M4 3 In bold, exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS objective (200µg/m – not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 30 Newport City Council

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Newport City Council has a total of 80 diffusion tubes throughout the district during the 2016 monitoring period. This is an increase of 25 diffusion tubes from the 2015 monitoring period.

Along with the additional 25 diffusion tubes, 12 tubes were relocated. Full details are provided in Tables 2.5 and 2.6.

A summary of diffusion tube results that are exceeding either within or outside of current AQMAs is provided below accompanied by proposed actions.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 31 Newport City Council

Table 2.5 - EXCEEDING DIFFUSION TUBE RESULTS OUTSIDE OF AQMAs

Nitrogen Dioxide µg/m3

Tube AQMA Alteration

Site ID Comments

IDs Required?

2014 2015 2016

NCC2 37.0 40.3 38.2 NCC4B Glasllwch Crescent was installed in 2016 on the opposite side of the M4 Junction. Glasllwch Both near exceedances appear to be attributed to M4 West Bound Traffic. The tube New AQMA Recommended Crescent results have fluctuated around the 40ug/m3 objective. It is advisable that a new AQMA is NCC4B - - 37.6 declared for this location. (High Cross)

Monitoring along Caerphilly Road began in 2016. The results show a clear exceedance. NC49C - - 32.8* In particular NC48D is a series of terrace houses very close to the kerb. The single carriageway road is on a steep incline with a high proportion of HGVs, local and through traffic. NCC49C Caerphilly Road is located near the junction with Forge Road on the Caerphilly A468. At this point the road is relatively flat and the properties slightly more set back from New AQMA Recommended Road the road compared to NCC48D. (Caerphilly Road) NCC48D - - 50.8 Given the clear exceedance at NCC48D a new AQMA shall be declared. Additional monitoring points shall be installed. If additional exceedances are encountered, the boundary of the AQMA shall be extended to include these areas.

Monitoring along Cefn Road began in 2016. Cefn Road is a B Road (B4591) that leads NCC29C - - 39.8 directly into High Cross Road that adjoins the M4 at Junction 27 of the M4. Cefn Road slopes down to the northwest and is flanked by an embankment / wall of the 14 Locks to New AQMA Recommended Cefn Road the north and to the south by a row of terrace houses that abut the kerb. The local environment and the high traffic flow forms a tight street canyon with little direct sunlight. (Cefn Road) NCC33B - - 39.0 An AQMA should be declared and additional monitoring undertaken.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 32 Newport City Council

Table 2.5 (cont.) - EXCEEDING DIFFUSION TUBE RESULTS OUTSIDE OF AQMAs

Nitrogen Dioxide µg/m3

Tube AQMA Alteration

Site ID Comments

IDs Required?

2014 2015 2016

NCC21 58.3 61.8 56.6 In the 2016 Progress Report it was highlighted that the diffusion tubes on the M4 unit exceeds the objective. Residential properties in the vicinity appeared to be within a similar distance to the M4 unit. Therefore an additional monitoring point at Burton Road on the rear No – Further monitoring M4 NCC23 57.6 58.2 55.5 façade of the property was installed. The results indicate a relatively low level of air Recommended. pollution, similar to background. However, given the recent variations recorded variations in air pollution from the M4, further monitoring is recommended to determine the long term NCC90 - - 26.1 trend.

NCC51 - 39.1 40.1 George Street is a busy dual carriageway just south of the centre of Newport. It is flanked George on both sides by rows of terrace houses. At either end of the road are sets of traffic lights New AQMA Recommended Street that cause traffic to idle in front of the residential properties. The tube results indicate an NCC12A 33.6 37.0 37.2 exceedance, an AQMA should be declared and additional monitoring points deployed. (George Street)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 33 Newport City Council

Table 2.6 - SUMMARY OF DIFFUSION TUBE ASSOCIATED WITH AQMAS

TUBE Nitrogen Dioxide 3 AQMA

ID µg/m

AQMA Comment Alteration

(Y: Inside Required?

2015 2016 AQMA) 2014

NCC18C NCC18C is located on the property to the east of the M4, NCC41B is located on the 38.7* 39.6* 34.5* (Y) façade of the property to the west. Monitoring indicates the results are just below the annual objective at NCC18C but well below at NCC41B. The significant drop in levels 1 at NCC18C in 2016 is consistent with the decrease measured in the M4 automatic unit Glasllwch No. which has been attributed to the traffic management surrounding works on Brynglas (M4) NCC41B Tunnels. Given the variations in the M4 traffic and the impacts on localised pollution 35.6 30.9 32.7 (Y) levels it is considered appropriate to maintain the AQMA as it is and monitoring continued. See Figure 2.6 for more details.

Possibly. During the 2016 monitoring period it was necessary to move the diffusion tube to the No exceedance or 2 NCC32E 35.9 35.8 34.4 neighbouring property which is in an identical situation. The results indicate a likely exceedance Malpas (Y) (D) (D) (E) consistent level to previous years monitoring below the objective. Additional monitoring has been Road point NCC62 was installed in 2016 to determine if an exceedance is present on the encountered for (Graig Park) opposite side of the road. The results indicate a near background level. Given the some time. AQMA (M4) consistent trend below the objective, revocation of this AQMA may be considered an NCC62 to be considered - - 24.4 option. (Y) for revocation.

NCC6B 37.5* 41.1* 38.0* (Y) NCC17A is located on the façade of property to the north of the M4, NCC6B is located 3 near a residential property to the south of the M4. Both tubes have shown Shaftsbury No NCC17A improvement, the Brynglas Tunnel works and other road works may have impacted the (M4) 32.4 31.3 27.7 (Y) volume / dispersion of pollutants – see Figure 2.6 for more details.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 34 Newport City Council

Table 2.6 (cont.) - SUMMARY OF DIFFUSION TUBE ASSOCIATED WITH AQMAS

TUBE AQMA ID Nitrogen Dioxide AQMA 3 Comment Alteration µg/m (Y: Inside Required? AQMA) NCC14A Yes – 41.6 40.5 43.8 (Y) Exceedances

4 outside the NCC64 Additional Monitoring points have been added which indicate an exceedance outside of Malpas - - 46.1 current AQMA – (N) the current boundary (NCC64) to the south. The AQMA boundary should be reviewed Road the boundary to NCC63 and expanded to encapsulate the new exceedance recorded. - - 34.2 be reviewed and (N) extended. NCC28B 37.9* 38.9* 41.1* (Y) 5 Two additional monitoring points (NCC11A and NCC69) have been installed either side NCC11A Caerleon - - 35.5* of the original diffusion tube NCC28B. Neither of the additional monitoring points has No Road (N) shown an exceedance. Additional monitoring is recommended. NCC69 - - 29.4 (N) 6 Monitoring results are consistently below the objective. However given the variations in NCC16A St Julian’s 36.7* 36.0* 33.8* the M4 traffic flows and recent road works, a downward trend is not conclusive. See No (Y) (M4) Figure 2.6 for more details. NCC8 42.7* 43.1* 42.1* (N) NCC26B 54.3* 56.3* 54.1* (N) Yes – AQMA 7 As described in the Caerleon Detailed Assessment the AQMA is proposed to be NCC25C boundary change High Street - - 44.0 expanded to encapsulate all of the exceedances. It is envisaged the revised AQMA (N) to come into effect Caerleon boundary will come into effect in early 2018. NCC27B in 2018. 47.5* 48.0* 49.3* (N) NCC47 40.4 38.5 37.0 (N)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 35 Newport City Council

Table 2.6 (cont.) - SUMMARY OF DIFFUSION TUBE ASSOCIATED WITH AQMAS

TUBE Nitrogen Dioxide AQMA Alteration AQMA ID µg/m3 Comment (Y: Inside Required? AQMA) 2014 2015 2016

8 Unlike the other M4 monitoring locations NCC31 has not been affected by the NCC31 Royal Oak 43.0 45.6 44.3 Brynglas Tunnel works traffic management. This may be due to Royal Oak Hill No. (Y) Hill (M4) being far from the closed section. Please see Figure 2.6 for more details.

NCC1 32.4* 34.4* 32.6* NCC9D - - 31.6 NCC10C 25.7* 25.6* - NCC20C - - 37.8 NCC22B 39.4* 41.2* 40.3 NCC24 40.6 38.4 29.3 Yes A number of diffusion tubes within the Clarence Place/ Chepstow Road AQMA 9 NCC29B 26.0* 30.1* - Revised AQMA have been repositioned or added. As shown this has resulted in exceedances Chepstow NCC45B - - 33.3 boundary will be which have not previously been recorded. This information will be used to Road NCC46B 46.5* 48.9* 44.4 proposed and guide a revised boundary of the AQMA. NCC49B 26.5 24.1* - implemented. NCC50 36.7* 39.1* 42.2 NCC59 - - 25.6 NCC65 - - 47.5 NCC66 - - 37.3 NCC68 - - 40.1 *Distance corrected

LAQM Progress Report 2017 36 Newport City Council

Figure 2.6 - M4 Summary 2016 The diffusion tubes and monitoring stations along the M4 indicate considerable variability along the route through Newport.

Environmental factors such as topography, wind direction, width of carriageway etc. all play a part in the dispersion of pollution from the M4.

As shown, some tubes are well below the objective whilst others exceed. The AQMAs may not reflect the tube results based on 2016 alone. However, there have been and will continue to be wide variations in the congestion profiles. These will continue with the ongoing Brynglas Tunnel works, the Junction 28 improvements.

Furthermore, the proposed removal of the M4 Bridge Toll is likely to increase traffic volumes, impacting local air quality.

Further monitoring will determine if changes to the current AQMA boundaries are required.

Alternatively, it may be appropriate to consider a single M4 route AQMA given its significant and variable impact upon the residents of Newport making action NB – The above diagram is merely to represent the variation in air quality results along the M4 through Newport and is not drawn to any scale. planning for this single source simpler.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 37 Newport City Council

Table 2.7 – Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2016 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b NCC1 Chepstow Road Kerbside Y N 92 36.0* 69 Glasllwch NCC2C Façade N N 100 38.2 Crescent 13 Mill Street NCC3A Façade N N 83 20.7 (Caerleon) 71 Glasllwch NCC4A Façade N N Monitoring Ceased 2015 due to lack of exceedance Crescent 67 Glasllwch NCC4B Façade N N 75 36.9 Crescent NCC5 Corporation Road Roadside Y N 100 33.2* NCC6B 153 Malpas Road Roadside Y N 92 38.0* NCC7A Glasllwch Lane Kerbside N N Monitoring Ceased 2015 due to lack of exceedance 64 Glasllwch NCC7B Façade N N 75 30.0 Crescent High Street NCC8 Roadside N N 100 42.1* Caerleon 182 Corporation NCC9D Roadside N N 100 20.7* Road 97 Chepstow NCC10C Roadside N N Monitoring Ceased 2015 due to lack of exceedance Road NCC10D 234 Stow Hill Façade N N 58 35.7 *169 Caerleon NCC11A Roadside N N 100 35.5* Road (Macey’s)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 38 Newport City Council 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b NCC12A 73 George Street Façade N N 100 37.2 NCC13B 76 Capel Crescent Roadside N N 67 24.7* NCC14A 48 Malpas Road Façade N N 100 43.8 Glasllwch NCC15 Roadside N N 100 27.0* Crescent NCC16A 40 Denbigh Road Roadside N N 92 33.8* NCC17A 179 Malpas Road Façade N N 100 27.7 158 Bassaleg NCC18C Roadside N N 100 34.5* Road NCC19B 177 Malpas Road Roadside N N Monitoring Ceased end of 2015: No relevant receptor, see NCC17A 94 Mendalgief NCC19C Façade N N 75 21.1 Road 222 Corporation NCC20C Roadside N N 75 39.7* Road M4 Groundhog 1 NCC21D Roadside N Y 100 56.6 (Old Barn) 88 Chepstow NCC22B Roadside Y N 100 40.2* Road M4 Groundhog 2 NCC23E Roadside N Y 100 55.5 (Old Barn) 21 Caerleon Road Monitoring Ceased end of 2015: Tube moved to façade of the NCC24B Roadside Y N (Swift LGV) nearest relevant receptor. NCC24C 19 Caerleon Road Façade Y N 67.0 44.4

LAQM Progress Report 2017 39 Newport City Council 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b Denbigh Road NCC25B ((No 41) M4 slip Roadside N N Monitoring Ceased 2015: No exceedance recorded. road) 19 High Street NCC25C Façade N N 58 44.4 (Caerleon) 15 High Street, NCC26B Roadside N N 92 54.1* Caerleon 18 High Street, NCC27B Roadside N N 100 49.3* Caerleon 155 Caerleon NCC28B Roadside N N 58 41.1* Road 79 Chepstow NCC29B Roadside N N Monitoring Ceased 2015: No Relevant Receptor / No Exceedance Road (lib) NCC29C 5 Cefn Road Façade N N 75 39.8 NCC30 30 Wharf Road Façade N N 75 28.3 NCC31 Buckland Cottage Façade N N 100 44.3 Monitoring Ceased 2015: NCC32D 372 Malpas Road Façade Y N Moved to neighbouring property with the same exposure potential. NCC32E 376 Malpas Road Façade Y N 100 34.4 162 Bassaleg Monitoring Ceased 2015: No relevant receptor, monitoring on NCC33A Roadside N N Road façade (NCC41B) considered more representative. NCC33B 69 Cefn Road Façade N N 75 39.0 The Priory, NCC34A Façade N N 100 30.2 Caerleon

LAQM Progress Report 2017 40 Newport City Council 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b 6 Castle Street, NCC35A Roadside N N 92 27.8* Caerleon 1 Castle Street, NCC36A Roadside N N 83 26.1* Caerleon St. Julian’s School Urban NCC37 N Y 83 21.8 1 Background St. Julian’s School Urban NCC38 N Y 83 23.6 2 Background St. Julian’s School Urban NCC39 N Y 75 23.2 3 Background 158 Bassaleg Monitoring Ceased 2015: Roadside location ceased, façade NCC40 Roadside N N Road location maintained – see NCC18C NCC40A 14 Risca Road Façade N N 75 24.5 162 Bassaleg NCC41B Façade N N 100 32.7 Road Mendalgief NCC42 Roadside N N 92 29.7* (Cardiff) Road 7 Castle Street NCC43A Façade N N 83 32.3 (Caerleon) 175/177 NCC44B Façade N N 75 33.6 Corporation Road Monitoring Ceased 2015: Results consistently close to background NCC45A 515 Malpas Road Façade N N levels. 201 Corporation NCC45B Façade N N 75 33.4 Road *148 Chepstow NCC46B Roadside N N 100 44.4* Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 41 Newport City Council 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b 9 Castle Street NCC47A Façade N N 100 37.0 (Caerleon) Monitoring Ceased 2015: Results consistently at background NCC48C Cardiff Road Roadside N N levels. 85 Caerphilly NCC48D Façade N N 75 50.8 Road 40 Chepstow Monitoring Ceased 2015: Results consistently close to background NCC49B Façade N N Road levels. NCC49C 8 Caerphilly Road Roadside N N 58 32.8* 9 Caerleon Road NCC50 Roadside N N 92 42.2* (tattoo) NCC51 81 George Street Façade N N 75 40.1 9 Station Road NCC52 Roadside N N 100 25.0* (Caerleon) 5 High Street NCC53 Façade N N 100 30.2 (Caerleon) 96/98 Mill Street NCC54 Roadside N N 92 22.8* (Caerleon) 116 Alexandra NCC55 Kerbside N N 75 29.8* Road NCC56 Forge Close Façade N N 100 23.7 30 Clytha Park NCC57 Façade N N 57 27.5 Square NCC58 1 Caerau Road Façade N N 67 35.6 69 Commercial NCC59 Roadside N N 75 25.8* Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 42 Newport City Council 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b NCC60 1 Victoria Place Roadside N N 70 37.3* NCC61 119 Stow Hill Façade N N 75 31.0

NCC62 421 Malpas Road Façade N N 75 24.4

NCC63 88 Malpas Road Façade N N 75 34.2 NCC64 4-6 Malpas Road Façade Y N 75 46.1 153/155 NCC65 Façade Y N 75 47.4 Chepstow Road 109 Chepstow NCC66 Façade Y N 67 37.4 Road 1-17 Corporation NCC67 Façade N N 75 34.3 Road Art College NCC68 Roadside N N 50 39.8 Clarence Place 180 Caerleon NCC69 Façade N N 58 29.4 Road NCC70 6 Burton Road Façade N N 75 26.1 318 Caerleon NCC71 Façade N N 75 26.7 Road 340 Caerleon NCC72 Façade N N 75 26.7 Road Southgate, NCC73 Roadside N N 75 27.4* Whiteheart Lane Coach House NCC74 Façade N N 75 25.6 Caerleon

LAQM Progress Report 2017 43 Newport City Council 2016 Annual Mean Triplicate or Within Full Calendar Year Data Concentration (µg/m3) - Site ID Location Site Type Co-located AQMA? Capture 2016 (%) ar Bias Adjustment factor = Tube 0.81 b 19 GoldCroft NCC75 Façade N N 75 17.8 Common 10 Cross Street NCC76 Façade N N 75 13.3 Caerleon Toll House NCC77 Façade N N 75 18.4 Caerleon Gwent Cottage NCC78 Façade N N 67 34.1 Caerleon 276 Christchurch NCC79 Façade N N 75 26.1 Road 37 Old Langstone NCC80 Façade N N 75 26.2 Court Road 3 In bold, exceedance of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m

3 Underlined, annual mean > 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS objective

* = Distance corrected ** = Result annualized

LAQM Progress Report 2017 44 Newport City Council

Table 2.8 – Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2012 to 2016) Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias a Within 2012 (Bias 2013 (Bias 2014 (Bias 2015 (Bias 2016 (Bias Site ID Site Type AQMA? Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Factor = 0.787) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.817) Factor = 0.85) Factor = 0.81) NCC1 Kerbside Y 33.7 42.6 34.6 34.4 36.0 NCC2C Façade N 36.1 40.4 39.9 40.3 38.2 NCC3A Façade N 21.6 23.5 22.9 19.5 20.7 NCC4A Façade N - 33.3 32.1 33.1 - NCC4B Façade N - - - - 36.9 NCC5 Roadside Y 36.1 37.6 34.8 32.9 33.2 NCC6B Roadside N 38.7 42.5 39.8 41.1 38.0 NCC7A Kerbside N 33.5 40.8 34.9 34.9 - NCC7B Façade N - - - - 30.0 NCC8 Roadside N 47.7 50.5 43.8 43.1 42.1 NCC9D Roadside N - 34.5 33.3 31.5 20.7 NCC10C Roadside N 27.5 29.6 26.8 25.6 - NCC10D Façade N - - - - 35.7 NCC11A Roadside N - - - 33.6 35.5 NCC12A Façade N 37.1 37.5 33.6 37.0 37.2 NCC13B Roadside N - - - - 24.7 NCC14A Façade N 41.0 45.0 41.6 40.5 43.8 NCC15 Roadside N 34.0 35.9 31.7 28.5 27.0 NCC16A Roadside N 34.8 40.5 38.7 36.0 33.8 NCC17A Façade N 33.4 32.8 32.4 31.3 27.7 NCC18C Roadside N 36.5 40.9 38.7 39.6 34.5*

LAQM Progress Report 2017 45 Newport City Council Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias a Within 2012 (Bias 2013 (Bias 2014 (Bias 2015 (Bias 2016 (Bias Site ID Site Type AQMA? Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Factor = 0.787) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.817) Factor = 0.85) Factor = 0.81) NCC19B Roadside N 35.3 38.9 38.3 36.1 - NCC19C Façade N - - - - 21.2 NCC20C Roadside N - 38.5 42.4 32.3 39.7* NCC21D Roadside N - - 58.3 61.8 56.6 NCC22B Roadside N 38.6 41.8 39.4 41.2 40.2* NCC23E Roadside N - - 57.6 58.2 55.5 NCC24B Roadside N 41.9 44.3 40.6 38.4 - NCC24C Façade N - - - - 44.4 NCC25B Roadside N 27.8 32.1 29.7 26.6 - NCC25C Façade N - - - - 44.4 NCC26B Roadside N 57.1 67.5 55.5 56.3 54.1 NCC27B Roadside N 47.7 56.6 49.0 48.0 49.3 NCC28B Roadside N 39.5 42.1 38.9 38.9 41.1 NCC29B Roadside N 30.4 32.4 26.2 30.1 - NCC29C Façade N - - - - 39.8 NCC30A Façade N - - - - 28.3 NCC31 Façade N 41.2 45.8 43.0 45.6 44.3 NCC32D Façade N 35.3 40.3 35.9 27.0 - NCC32E Façade N - - - - 34.4 NCC33A Roadside N 32.3 34.2 33.3 34.0 - NCC33B Façade N - - - - 39.0 NCC34A Façade N 33.1 37.3 35.0 34.0 30.2

LAQM Progress Report 2017 46 Newport City Council Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias a Within 2012 (Bias 2013 (Bias 2014 (Bias 2015 (Bias 2016 (Bias Site ID Site Type AQMA? Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Factor = 0.787) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.817) Factor = 0.85) Factor = 0.81) NCC35A Roadside N 31.9 35.9 31.7 29.5 27.8 NCC36A Roadside N 29.2 35.6 30.5 26.7 26.1 Urban NCC37 N 21.0 24.3 21.5 Background 20.1 21.8 Urban NCC38 N 22.2 23.5 19.7 Background 20.7 23.6 Urban NCC39 N 19.6 23.5 21.4 Background 20.8 23.2 NCC40 Roadside N 31.2 32.2 30.1 32.5 - NCC40A Façade N - - - - 24.5 NCC41B Façade N 34.5 39.0 35.6 30.9 32.7 NCC42 Roadside N - - - 27.0 29.7* NCC43A Façade N 35.4 36.8 33.7 33.6 32.3 NCC44B Façade N - - - - 33.6 NCC45A Façade N 28.4 30.2 25.2 25.3 - NCC45B Façade N - - - - 33.4 NCC46B Roadside N 46.0 52.9 46.5 48.9 44.4 NCC47A Façade N 39.2 43.4 40.4 38.5 37.0 NCC48C Roadside N - 25.2 27.0 27.8 - NCC48D Façade N - - - - 50.8 NCC49B Façade N 27.4 26.5 26.6 24.1 - NCC49C Façade N - - - - 32.8* NCC50 Roadside N 42.4 37.8 35.5 39.1 42.2 NCC51 Façade N - - - 39.1 40.1

LAQM Progress Report 2017 47 Newport City Council Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias a Within 2012 (Bias 2013 (Bias 2014 (Bias 2015 (Bias 2016 (Bias Site ID Site Type AQMA? Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Factor = 0.787) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.817) Factor = 0.85) Factor = 0.81) NCC52 Roadside N 24.0 26.9 24.9 23.7 25.0* NCC53 Façade N 24.4 28.4 23.5 24.9 30.2 NCC54 Roadside N 19.5 22.3 19.8 19.5 22.8* NCC55 Kerbside N 32.4 36.4 33.4 31.1 29.8* NCC56 Façade N - - - 21.1** 23.7 NCC57 Façade N - - - - 27.5 NCC58 Façade N - - - - 35.6 NCC59 Façade N - - - - 25.8* NCC60 Façade N - - - - 37.7* NCC61 Façade N - - - - 31.0 NCC62 Façade N - - - - 24.4 NCC63 Façade N - - - - 34.2 NCC64 Façade N - - - - 46.1 NCC65 Façade N - - - - 47.4 NCC66 Façade N - - - - 37.4 NCC67 Façade N - - - - 34.3 NCC68 Façade N - - - - 39.8 NCC69 Façade N - - - - 29.4 NCC70 Façade N - - - - 26.1 NCC71 Façade N - - - - 26.7 NCC72 Façade N - - - - 26.7 NCC73 Façade N - - - - 27.4*

LAQM Progress Report 2017 48 Newport City Council Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) - Adjusted for Bias a Within 2012 (Bias 2013 (Bias 2014 (Bias 2015 (Bias 2016 (Bias Site ID Site Type AQMA? Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment Factor = 0.787) Factor = 0.87) Factor = 0.817) Factor = 0.85) Factor = 0.81) NCC74 Façade N - - - - 25.6 NCC75 Façade N - - - - 17.8 NCC76 Façade N - - - - 13.3 NCC77 Façade N - - - - 18.4 NCC78 Façade N - - - - 34.1 NCC79 Façade N - - - - 26.1 NCC80 Façade N - - - - 26.2 3 In bold, exceedance of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m

3 Underlined, annual mean > 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedence of the NO2 hourly mean AQS objective

** = Result annualized (NB any sites other than Façade relevant distance corrections have been applied).

Strikethrough – Tubes that have been removed

LAQM Progress Report 2017 49 Newport City Council

Figure 2.4 (page 46) shows the trend of tube data over the period 2010-2016. For consistency, only tubes that been maintained throughout the period 201-2016 have been used, tubes that have been removed, relocated or added during this period have been discounted.

The trend indicates a general decline in the maximum concentrations measured over this period. This is likely due to the removal of older more polluting vehicles with uptake of cleaner vehicle technologies. Whilst the peak pollution levels have shown improvement, the average and the minimum levels have not shown any significant change over the same period.

The trend of the average is a useful indicator but it must be pointed out the actual figures are bias towards the AQMA locations and number of tubes installed. Therefore the average values of tubes within the monitoring programme cannot be viewed as the average air quality within the city. Currently, the most appropriate data to reflect background air quality levels is considered to be the St Julian’s Automatic unit which is reported in Table 2.3 and Figure 2.6 (page 48)

Figure 2.4 demonstrates a trend declining maximum concentrations, however whilst the maximum levels may be decreasing, it is important to understand if there has been improvement across all tube levels.

Figure 2.5 plots the percentage of tubes within the 10-20, 20-30,30-40, 40+ µg/m3 bands. This appears to indicate no overall improvement in air quality, if anything there is an increase in the percentage of tubes that are above the 40 µg/m3, which may be due to increased congestion in already congested areas The peaks of air pollution may have improved, but the extent of poor air quality has grown in area due to increased traffic volumes and traffic congestion.

Figure 2.6 shows the average air quality over the period 2010-2016 form the co- located St Julian’s tubes and M4 Unit. Over the 2010-2016 period the average tube results have been consistent ~22.1µg/m3 with little to no variation outside of the diffusion tube margin for error (+/- 20%).

LAQM Progress Report 2017 50 Newport City Council Figure 2.7 – Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites which have been in place for the period 2010-2016 (tubes that have been removed, relocated or added during this period have been discounted, these results are bias corrected but not distance corrected).

LAQM Progress Report 2017 51 Newport City Council Figure 2.8 – Percentage of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites which have been in place for the period 2010-2016 (tubes that have been removed, relocated or added during this period have been discounted, these results are bias corrected but not distance corrected).

LAQM Progress Report 2017 52 Newport City Council Figure 2.9 – Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at St Julian’s Co-located with the Automatic Station for the period 2010-2016 (tubes that have been removed, relocated or added during this period have been discounted, these results are bias corrected but not distance corrected).

LAQM Progress Report 2017 53 Newport City Council

2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

The site is located within the yard of St Julian’s School and is classified as an urban background monitoring location. Data capture for this monitoring period has been good at 90%. The particulate results are consistent with previous years with an average reading of 16 µg/m3

LAQM Progress Report 2017 54 Newport City Council

Table 2.8 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective Valid Data Confirm Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) Valid Data Within Capture for Gravimetric Site ID Site Type Capture AQMA? Monitoring Equivalent 2012* c 2013* c 2014* c 2015* c 2016 c 2016 % b Period % a (Y or N/A) Urban St Julian’s N 100 90 N/A 13 - 16 - 16 Background 3 In bold, exceedence of the PM10 annual mean AQS objective of 40µg/m a i.e. data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year b i.e. data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for six months the maximum data capture for the full calendar year would be 50%) c Means should be “annualised” as in Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 of LAQM.TG16, if valid data capture is less than 75%

LAQM Progress Report 2017 55 Newport City Council

Table 2.9 – Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM10: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective Valid Data Confirm Number of Daily Means > 50µg/m3 Valid Data Within Capture for Gravimetric Site ID Site Type Capture AQMA? Monitoring Equivalent 2012* 2013* 2014* 2015* 2016 2016 % Period % (Y or N/A) Urban St Julian’s N 100 67 N/A 2 3 3 3 1 Background 3 In bold, exceedence of the PM10 daily mean AQS objective (50µg/m – not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year)

LAQM Progress Report 2017 56 Newport City Council

2.2.3 Particulate PM2.5

Since 2009 the St Julian’s site has been equipped to monitor for PM2.5. No monitoring results have indicated excessive levels of PM2.5 that can be attributed to any particular source.

Valid Data Valid Data Mean PM 2.5 µg/m3 Capture for Capture Site ID Site Type monitoring 2016 period % % 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 St Urban 100 95 10 13 12 10 10 Julian’s Background

2.2.4 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

From the 2016 monitoring period out of the 80 monitoring locations 17 exceedances have been recorded of the 40 µg/m3 objective, with at least 14 locations exceeding the 35µg/m3 threshold.

Of these exceedances four new AQMAs will be required and the implementation of modified boundaries to three existing AQMAs will be investigated further and implemented in 2018.

Newport City Council has measured concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide above the annual mean objective at relevant locations outside of the AQMA(s), and further monitoring, amendments and declaration of AQMAs will be required.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 57 Newport City Council

3 New Local Developments 3.1 Road Traffic Sources

Existing Road Structure In early 2016 a desk top review of all potential areas where poor air quality may occur has been undertaken. This was a systematic approach highlighting any potential sensitive receptor within close proximity of a busy road. This was followed by a site visit to determine if the volume and composition of the traffic would be sufficient to potentially cause poor air quality. A number of areas due to road traffic sources have been identified using this approach, including:

- Stow Hill / Risca Road - Caerphilly Road - Cefn Road - Caerleon Road / New Road (Belmont Hill) junction - Clytha Park Square

Diffusion tubes were deployed at these site sites in early 2016. Of the additional 25 tube locations and 12 relocated tubes. Of these new tube locations, Caerphilly Road and Cefn Road have both be found to exceed the Objective.

Proposed New Roads

M4 Relief Road The proposed M4 relief road is still being considered by Welsh Government. Newport City Council has been consulted on a number of documents regarding the proposed motorway. It is considered the new route (once completed) will generally improve air quality in the city by diverting traffic away from relevant receptors.

However, the build time of project is estimated to be 4 years and will require a considerable number of HGV and staff movements, all of which will occur on the existing road network. Therefore it is likely a negative air quality impact will be generated during the construction phase of the project.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 58 Newport City Council

M4 Bridge Toll A consultation regarding the M4 Bridge Toll was held in the early part of 2017. It has now been announced that the bridge toll will be removed completely by 1st January 2019. It is predicted that this will increase the volume of road traffic in Newport from both the M4 and local routes, which will impact upon local air quality.

Road Works A number of large scale road works are currently underway or proposed in that may impact upon local air quality. These include:

 The electrification of the railway lines for which a number of road / rail bridges will be replaced and major road junction improvements.  Junction 28 Road improvements.  M4 Brynglas Tunnels improvements

With the range of current / proposed roadworks the flow of traffic across the city will be impacted, thus impacting local air quality. Newport City Council will continually assess the air quality across the city to determine if these roadworks have made any significant impact upon local air quality. Similar to the impact the Brynglas Tunnel works have already appeared to have had on the M4 air pollution.

3.2 Other Transport Sources

There has been no change in other transport sources identified since the last round of reporting.

3.3 Industrial Sources

There have been no additional industrial sources since the last round of reporting.

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

There have been no known significant additional commercial or domestic sources.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 59 Newport City Council 3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

There have been several ongoing residential developments that are in the process of being completed. The large developments include Jubilee Park at Rogerstone, Llanwern, Mon Bank and Corporation Road. All of these developments will continue to generate additional road traffic to the road network contributing to congestion and air pollution.

Newport City Council has identified a number of NEW locations on EXISTING ROADS for which air quality standards might be exceeded due to road traffic emissions that are currently not being monitored. Diffusion tubes have been deployed.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 60 Newport City Council

4 Planning Applications

Crematorium Planning Permission for a small scale crematorium was approved in 2015. This is due to become operational in late 2017.

General A number of large residential developments are still in the process of being built in Phases, such as Glan Llyn, Rogerstone Jubilee Park and Mon Bank. During 2016 there were a number of small scale developments (~10 houses) at various sites across the district. All of which will contribute additional traffic to the local road network.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 61 Newport City Council

5 Air Quality Planning Policies

Supplementary Planning Guidance

Newport City Council has produced Supplementary Planning Guidance for air quality which is due for consultation in 2017. The supplementary guidance will ensure it reflects the policies outlined in the Local Development Plan 2011 – 2026 and incorporate the principles outlined in the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 62 Newport City Council

6 Implementation of Action Plans

Newport City Council’s Air Quality Action Plan was first published in 2008. Considerable work has gone towards achieving the goals set out in the 2008 Action Plan. However it is now considered the Action Plan requires a significant update to reflect work being carried out by Environmental Health that is not captured in the current plan and to reflect technological advances, such as low emission vehicles.

A full review of the action plan is underway and is envisaged to be out for initial public consultation in 2017.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 63 Newport City Council

7 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 7.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

The monitoring results for the 2016 period are broadly similar to 2015. Road improvements on the Brynglas Tunnels (M4) which involved night closures may have contributed to a measurable improvement in air quality.

New monitoring locations on High Cross, Cefn Road, Caerphilly Road and George Street have indicated exceedances which will require AQMAs to be declared.

Particulate levels have not shown any significant increase from their relatively low levels. A comparison of PM10 levels to neighbouring PM10 monitoring sites suggest our St Julian’s unit is monitoring background levels rather than any localised source such as the M4 motorway.

7.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

With the continued development of the city there have been a number of small to large scale planning applications that will inevitably cause an increase in road traffic. In 2016 the majority of planning impacts with respect to air quality have been phases of large scale residential developments, such as Glan Llyn (former steel works).

7.3 Other Conclusions

The exiting Air Quality Action Plan (2008) is considered to be unworkable and requires a full reassessment. A concerted effort will now be made to ensure a revised action plan will be drafted and implemented by 2017. The new action plan will link with, and reflect key policies in planning, health, education and transport providing a coherent approach. It will also reflect the principles of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act and sustainability.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 64 Newport City Council

7.4 Proposed Actions

This progress report has confirmed the actions outlined in the 2016 Progress Report for which the following will be actioned in 2017:

1. Declare New AQMAs for: a. Cefn Road b. Caerphilly Road c. George Street Revised AQMA boundaries for: d. Caerleon e. Chepstow Road f. Malpas Road 2. Public Consultation of a draft Air Quality Action Plan in2017. 3. Continued review and development of the air quality monitoring network.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 65 Newport City Council

8 References

Previous Air Quality Reports available at http://www.newport.gov.uk/airquality

Newport City Council Air Quality Action Plan 2008

Local Air Quality Management - Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16)

Welsh Government M4 Corridor Enhancement Website (www.m4cem.com)

LAQM / Defra website - http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/

Welsh Air Quality Website - http://www.welshairquality.co.uk/

LAQM Progress Report 2017 66 Newport City Council

Appendices

Appendix A: Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) Data

Appendix B: Monthly Tube Results 2015

Appendix C: Detailed Maps of Current AQMAs

LAQM Progress Report 2017 67 Newport City Council Appendix A: QA/QC Data

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

Factor from Local Co-location Studies

A local bias adjustment factor has been calculated based on the triplicate tubes co- located at our St Julian’s Automatic Unit as follows.

Based on the output calculation of the AEA Energy & Environment spreadsheet (screen shot above), the following bias adjustment factor was calculated:

Bias B = 17% 0.17 + 1 = 1.17 1/1.17 = 0.85

Due to missing diffusion tubes during the July and August and September monitoring periods, it was considered necessary to also use the National Bias Adjustment factor. The screen shot of the results is provided below indicating an adjustment factor of 0.77 (based on the June 2017 edition – 03/17 v2).

LAQM Progress Report 2017 68 Newport City Council

An average of the two bias adjustment values 0.85 and 0.77 have been used:

Local Bias Adjustment Value 0.85 + National Bias Adjustment 0.77 = 1.62 / 2 = 0.81

Therefore a bias adjustment factor of 0.81 has been applied to all diffusion tube monitoring data for 2016.

No adjustment for particulate monitoring has been undertaken.

QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring Newport City Council undertakes monthly calibrations of the PM10, PM2.5 and NOx analyser. In addition calibrations are also conducted bi-annually for the PAH analyser. All equipment is audited annually by Ricardo to meet AURN requirements.

QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring

The WASP result for ESG laboratories was satisfactory throughout 2016.

LAQM Progress Report 2017 69 Newport City Council Appendix B: Monthly Diffusion Tube Results 2016

Site Name X Grid Y Grid NCC ID TYPE Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ref Ref Chepstow 331995 188415 NCC1 Roadside 58.4 47.4 46.8 44.4 41.8 31.9 35.7 38 47.4 46.6 50.5 Road 69 Glasllwch 328333 187869 NCC2C Façade 60 53.6 46.1 44.6 44.5 38.8 39.6 40.4 43.2 44 52.2 58.8 Crescent 13 Mill Street 334092 190822 NCC3A Façade 33.7 24.6 23.1 20.6 19.2 18.8 20.9 24.8 31.7 38.5 (Caerleon) 67 Glasllwch 328363 187895 NCC4B Façade 46.9 50.1 37.7 35.5 41 41.6 52.3 52.3 60.5 Crescent Corporation 332327 187773 NCC5 Roadside 56.3 50.1 52.3 49.3 46.7 40.2 40.1 38.9 42.8 42 47.8 61 Road 153 Malpas 330565 189618 NCC6B Roadside 60.6 54.2 34.6 43.6 42.8 45.5 44.8 46 43.6 43.3 57.1 Road 64 Glasllwch 328421 187778 NCC7B Façade 31.7 40 34.6 27.3 29.2 32.8 38.2 42.4 56.8 Crescent High Street 334105 190478 NCC8 Roadside 55.9 55.9 53.6 55.1 54.5 50.4 43.1 42 51.8 49.4 65.1 61.7 Caerleon 182 Corporation 332062 187958 NCC9D Roadside 58 50.9 44.5 43.1 41.5 41.5 33.5 35.9 39.3 44.5 51.7 59.2 Road 234 Stow Hill 330162 187628 NCC10D Façade 29.8 44.4 31.9 34.3 50.5 55.3 62.3

*169 Caerleon 332018 188987 NCC11A Roadside 53.5 49.9 47.1 44.8 44.6 40.4 29 32.4 35.4 39.4 53.8 60.5 Road (Maceys) 73 George 331428 187498 NCC12A Façade 53.2 46.5 43.4 39.5 45.4 43.2 39.5 36.1 43.5 42.2 53.6 65.6 Street 76 Capel 330932 187046 NCC13B Roadside 34.4 27.8 26.5 25.2 25.6 29.4 36.1 43.1 Crescent 48 Malpas 330834 189310 NCC14A Roadside 55.3 58.2 53.9 59.1 55.4 51.5 33.3 42.3 47.3 57.5 63.3 72.4 Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 70 Newport City Council

Site Name X Grid Y Grid NCC ID TYPE Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ref Ref Glasllwch 328443 187809 NCC15 Roadside 59.9 49.1 38.5 39.5 37.7 34.6 31.3 33 35.8 37.1 47 57.3 Crescent 40 Denbigh 332320 189703 NCC16A Roadside 53.1 43.7 43.9 46.8 46.5 41.4 28.5 34.8 38.7 50.5 57.1 Road 179 Malpas 330507 189664 NCC17A Façade 52.1 37.2 38.7 6.4 36.4 31.6 24.5 29.2 34.8 32.8 38.1 48 Road Bassaleg Road 328586 187008 NCC18C Façade 55.4 41.1 42.9 40.8 38.7 37.4 39.9 41.4 42.1 32 44.5 54.4 (158/3) 94 Mendalgief 331083 186688 NCC19C Roadside 29.6 25.7 23.2 18.4 22.1 22.7 29.7 38 35.8 Road 222 Corporation 332182 187872 NCC20C Roadside 77.2 62.6 52.4 55 47.9 49.9 45 47.8 66.3

Road M4 Groundhog 1 332690 189615 NCC21D Roadside 90.2 63.5 69.3 72.9 72.3 67 65.2 67.5 52.3 60.8 72.9 83.9 (Old Barn) 88 Chepstow 332091 188382 NCC22B Roadside 66.3 56.6 45.4 48.7 39.7 43.1 44.4 46.4 45.2 43.8 54.1 61.3 Road M4 Groundhog 2 332690 189615 NCC23E Roadside 79.4 71.7 70.9 64.3 60.6 57.2 65.4 59.7 75.4 80.6

(Old Barn) 19 Caerleon 331562 188549 NCC24C Façade 38.5 34.1 28.5 34.9 28.6 41.2 39.2 44 Road 19 High Street 334182 190422 NCC25C Façade 59.6 48 45.9 43.1 48.7 65.8 72.5 (Caerleon) 15 High Street, 334131 190461 NCC26B Roadside 69.5 63.5 72.8 66.6 76.9 51.4 54.9 56.3 74.6 83 82.2 Caerleon 18 High Street, 334143 190454 NCC27B Roadside 71.6 66.3 70.2 65.2 61.4 68.7 45.2 47.6 48.9 58.2 75.2 75.2 Caerleon 155 Caerleon 332047 189070 NCC28B Roadside 64 55.7 54.8 44.3 36.5 48 63.4 Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 71 Newport City Council

Site Name X Grid Y Grid NCC ID TYPE Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ref Ref 5 Cefn Road 327600 188468 NCC29C Façade 49.4 47 44 41 36.3 43.8 50.1 58.3 71.8

33 Wharf Road 332190 188055 NCC30B Roadside 36.2 37.2 31.9 24.6 27.3 29.5 35.5 45 47.2

Buckland 332047 189070 NCC31 Façade 50.5 58.9 62.5 52.4 57.8 49.1 35.8 39.4 39.2 62.1 88.8 60.2 Cottage 376 Malpas 330421 190537 NCC32E Façade 53.1 49.6 46.5 40.6 43.6 39.2 31.2 28.2 32.1 44.5 48.4 51.9 Road 69 Cefn Road 327390 188551 NCC33B Façade 40 36.9 30.7 27.9 32.3 35.6 36.8 49 61.9

The Priory, 334010 190532 NCC34A Façade 54.7 47.5 37.8 4.3 38.5 36 36.5 31.7 35.1 33.8 46 46.2 Caerleon 6 Castle Street, 334232 190463 NCC35A Roadside 53.4 43.5 37.8 35.2 28 31.8 32.6 33.6 30.3 42.7 39.2

Caerleon 1 Castle Street, 334260 190479 NCC36A Roadside 51.3 38.3 38.3 32.9 32.2 29 31.6 29.6 34.2 45.7

Caerleon St. Julians Backgrou 332499 189569 NCC37 31.3 26.7 23.3 20 21.9 22.6 22.3 27.7 35.5 38.1 School 1 nd St. Julians Backgrou 332499 189569 NCC38 31.4 29.8 29.6 26.4 25.4 23 17.2 30.6 36.1 41.9 School 2 nd St. Julians Backgrou 332499 189569 NCC39 32.9 27.9 25.7 26.1 20.7 17.6 31 35.7 40.2 School 3 nd 14 Risca Road 330065 187669 NCC40A Roadside 15.1 28.9 26.1 19.7 24.9 27.5 38.2 43.3 48.7

Bassaleg Road 328537 187005 NCC41B Façade 47.9 37.2 49.7 47.6 45.7 36.1 19.8 22.7 32.9 45.2 51.7 48.2 (162/3) Mendalgief 330915 187046 NCC42 Roadside 44.2 24.7 33.8 35 31.9 26 25.7 31.4 42.6 53.3 50.8 (Cardiff) Road 7 Castle Street 334212 190446 NCC43A Roadside 46.7 41.9 40.6 36.2 44.6 34.1 32.3 32.4 45.9 44.1 (Caerleon) 175/177 Corporation 332048 187989 NCC44B Roadside 50.8 41.5 35.8 28.3 29.3 34.9 43.4 51.2 57.9

Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 72 Newport City Council

Site Name X Grid Y Grid NCC ID TYPE Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ref Ref 201 Corporation 332142 187921 NCC45B Roadside 41.1 43.7 41.5 29.2 32.7 35.1 46.1 53.6 48.2

Road *148 Chepstow 332290 188339 NCC46B Roadside 63.2 56.7 53.7 52.9 50.2 52.8 46.6 51.1 47.9 52.1 75.5

Road 9 Castle Street 334199 190431 NCC47A Roadside 50 41.3 48.7 45.5 44.6 44.2 33.7 38 40.1 48.2 55.2 59.2 (Caerleon) 85 Caerphilly 327053 186943 NCC48D Roadside 61.5 61.9 58.1 59.1 58.8 61.2 53 68.4 82.5 Road 8 Caerphilly 327631 187043 NCC49C Roadside 45.2 38.9 27.4 34.9 34.9 50.1 61.6 Road 9 Caerleon 331531 188536 NCC50 Roadside 67.3 60.8 43.8 58.1 55.4 48.6 44.2 45.1 51.7 63.9 68.2 Road (tattoo) 81 George 333751 190785 NCC51 Façade 59.3 48.3 49.3 43.9 38.6 45.6 43.8 46.7 42.7 47.4 57.8 70 Street 9 Station Road 333880 190970 NCC52 Roadside 41.4 36.2 36.2 33.6 29.8 25.4 22.1 28.1 27 34.2 (Caerleon) 5 High Street 333598 190556 NCC53 Roadside 38.7 33.4 33 30.2 29.2 23.9 19 19.3 22.4 33.3 (Caerleon) 96/98 Mill Street 334279 190593 NCC54 Roadside 34.2 20.5 20.6 20 17.9 19.4 18.7 16.7 22.3

(Caerleon) 116 Alexandra 331536 186222 NCC55 Roadside 52.5 38.6 38.7 37.8 37.9 40.1 40.1 Road 29 Forge Lane 328015 186383 NCC56 Façade 36.5 27.2 31.5 29.6 31.9 23.9 15.6 18.9 23.1 34.3

30 Clytha Park 330581 188070 NCC57 Roadside 40.5 34.2 28.4 18.9 22.1 25.2 36.7 44.9 54.3 Sq (Spar) 1 Caerau Road 330563 188037 NCC58 Roadside 43.5 38.9 35.8 28.9 35.1 43.4 50.6 75.6

69 Commercial 331552 187056 NCC59 Roadside 29.7 30.8 25.8 21.7 20.9 30 36.1 44.1 47.7 Street

LAQM Progress Report 2017 73 Newport City Council

Site Name X Grid Y Grid NCC ID TYPE Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ref Ref 1 Victoria 331010 187733 NCC60 Roadside 37.6 40.3 45.5 37.8 40.3 44.6 50.1 60.5 61.8 Place 119 Stow Hill 330793 187566 NCC61 Façade 27.3 38.4 33.6 31.2 34.8 36.5 40 45.8 56.8

421 Malpas 330456 190646 NCC62 Façade 31.9 29.3 26.3 17 21.8 27.9 32.4 39.9 55.4 Road 88 Malpas 330743 189444 NCC63 Roadside 41.7 44.7 36.3 27.4 34.2 36.6 46.9 55 57.6 Road 4-6 Malpas 330891 189199 NCC64 Roadside 59.4 57.8 55.6 31.9 42.7 45.8 66.3 74.1 79 Road 153/155 Chepstow 330456 190646 NCC65 Roadside 60.5 53 60 47.3 51.2 53.6 59.1 70.7 71.3

Road 109 Chepstow 332204 188374 NCC66 Roadside 50.5 47.8 35.9 27.7 39.9 53.1 55.7 58.6 Road 1-17 Corporation 331529 188476 NCC67 Façade 43.6 43.8 37.2 39.8 41.3 36.6 39.3 46.8 52.3

Road Art College, 331386 188461 NCC68 Roadside 54.3 49 46.2 39.7 50.1 71.6 Clarence Place 180 Caerleon 332089 189160 NCC69 Roadside 36 28.5 27.2 31.2 36.7 45.9 48.3 Road 6 Burton Road 332774 189609 NCC70 Façade 29.6 36.9 25.4 31.3 28.8 30.3 25 37.5 45

318 Caerleon 332226 189703 NCC71 Façade 36.3 31.2 28.4 23.8 25.2 31.3 34.7 41.9 43.4 Road 340 Caerleon 332325 189809 NCC72 Façade 30.5 27.1 25.3 25.2 27.1 27.4 33 47.3 53.6 Road Southgate, Whitehart 334123 190374 NCC73 Roadside 28.4 36 34.2 26.7 28.2 31.8 37.3 45.7 55.5

Lane Coach House, 334155 190408 NCC74 Façade 26.2 32.1 28.4 26.2 25.2 28.1 33.6 40.6 43.8 Caerleon

LAQM Progress Report 2017 74 Newport City Council

Site Name X Grid Y Grid NCC ID TYPE Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ref Ref 19 Goldcroft 33375 190785 NCC75 Façade 22.9 19.6 17.8 14.1 12.1 18.3 21.1 30.8 41.3 Common 10 Cross Street, 334085 190587 NCC76 Roadside 4.9 8.3 15.4 14.7 15.1 15.3 17.4 26.7 30.6

Caerleon Toll House, 334195 190186 NCC77 Roadside 18.8 22.5 19.7 18.7 20.9 19.6 21.5 27.2 36.1 Caerleon Gwent Cottage, 334208 190186 NCC78 Façade 45.1 42.2 43.9 28.4 32.4 31.4 55 58.8

Caerleon 276 Christchurch 334221 188885 NCC79 Façade 26.7 32.9 27.8 39.2 27.7 22.5 30.9 41 41

Road 37 Old Langstone 336869 189623 NCC80 Façade 34.9 31.8 28.3 27.8 26.8 28 29.4 38.3 45.3

Court Road

LAQM Progress Report 2017 75 Newport City Council Appendix C: Detailed Maps of AQMAs within the Newport City District

The AQMA boundaries can be view online via the following link: http://my.newport.gov.uk/iShare/mynewport.aspx?tab=2

LAQM Progress Report 2017 76 Newport City Council

LAQM Progress Report 2017 77 Newport City Council

LAQM Progress Report 2017 78 Newport City Council

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