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World Bank Document
Gansu Revitalization and Innovation Project: Procurement Plan Annex: Procurement Plan Procurement Plan of Gansu Revitalization and Innovation Project April 24, 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Project information: Country: The People’s Republic of China Borrower: The People’s Republic of China Project Name: Gansu Revitalization and Innovation Project Loan/Credit No: Project ID: P158215 Project Implementation Agency (PIA): Gansu Financial Holding Group Co. Ltd (line of credit PPMO) will be responsible for microcredit management under Component 1. Gansu Provincial Culture and Tourism Department (culture and tourism PPMO) will be responsible for Component 2 and 3. The culture and Public Disclosure Authorized tourism PPMO will be centrally responsible for overseeing, coordinating, and training its cascaded PIUs at lower levels for subproject management. Both PPMOs will be responsible for liaison with the provincial PLG, municipal PLGs, and the World Bank on all aspects of project management, fiduciary, safeguards, and all other areas. The project will be implemented by eight project implementation units (PIUs) in the respective cities/districts/counties under the four prefecture municipalities. They are: Qin’an County Culture and Tourism Bureau, Maiji District Culture and Tourism Bureau, Wushan County Culture and Tourism Bureau, Lintao County Culture and Tourism Bureau, Tongwei County Culture and Tourism Bureau, Ganzhou District Culture and Tourism Bureau, Jiuquan City Culture and Tourism Bureau and Dunhuang City Culture and Tourism Bureau. Name of Components PIUs Gansu Financial Holding Group Co. Ltd (line of credit Public Disclosure Authorized PPMO). GFHG is designated as the wholesaler FI to handle Component 1. Under the direct oversight and Component 1: Increased Access to Financial management of the line of credit PPMO (GFHG), Bank Services for MSEs of Gansu is designated as the 1st participating financial institution (PFI) to handle micro- and small credit transactions. -
Informed Textual Practices?
INFORMED TEXTUAL PRACTICES? INFORMED TEXTUAL PRACTICES? A STUDY OF DUNHUANG MANUSCRIPTS OF CHINESE BUDDHIST APOCRYPHAL SCRIPTURES WITH COLOPHONS By RUIFENG CHEN, B.Ec., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © by Ruifeng Chen, September 2020 McMaster University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2020) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Informed Textual Practices? A Study of Dunhuang Manuscripts of Chinese Buddhist Apocryphal Scriptures with Colophons AUTHOR: Ruifeng Chen B.Ec. (Zhejiang Normal University) M.A. (Zhejiang Normal University) SUPERVISOR: Professor James A. Benn, Ph.D. NUMBER OF PAGES: xv, 342 ii ABSTRACT Taking Buddhist texts with colophons copied at Dunhuang (4th–10th century C.E.) as a sample, my dissertation investigates how local Buddhists used Chinese Buddhist apocrypha with respect to their contents, and whether they employed these apocrypha differently than translated Buddhist scriptures. I demonstrate that not all of the practices related to Buddhist scriptures were performed simply for merit in general or that they were conducted without awareness of scriptures’ contents. Among both lay Buddhist devotees and Buddhist professionals, and among both common patrons and highly-ranking officials in medieval Dunhuang, there were patrons and users who seem to have had effective approaches to the contents of texts, which influenced their preferences of scriptures and specific textual practices. For the patrons that my dissertation has addressed, apocryphal scriptures did not necessarily meet their needs more effectively than translated scriptures did. I reached these arguments through examining three sets of Buddhist scriptures copied in Dunhuang manuscripts with colophons. -
Issues and Potential Solutions to the Clean Heating Project in Rural Gansu
sustainability Article Issues and Potential Solutions to the Clean Heating Project in Rural Gansu Dehu Qv 1,* , Xiangjie Duan 1, Jijin Wang 2, Caiqin Hou 1, Gang Wang 1, Fengxi Zhou 1,* and Shaoyong Li 1,* 1 Department of Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; [email protected] (X.D.); [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150090, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.Q.); [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (S.L.); Tel.: +86-931-2973715 (D.Q.) Abstract: Rural clean heating project (RCHP) in China aims to increase flexibility in the rural energy system, enhance the integration of renewable energy and distributed generation, and reduce environmental impact. While RCHP-enabling routes have been studied from a technical perspective, the economic, ecological, regulatory, and policy dimensions of RCHP are yet to be analysed in depth, especially in the underdeveloped areas in China. This paper discusses RCHP in rural Gansu using a multi-dimensional approach. We first focus on the current issues and challenges of RCHP in rural Gansu. Then the RCHP-enabling areas are briefly zoned into six typical regions based on the resource distribution in Gansu Province, and a matching framework of RCHP is recommended. Then we focus on the economics and sustainability of RCHP-enabling technologies. Based on the medium-term assessment of RCHP in the demonstration provinces, various technical schemes and routes are analysed and compared in order to determine which should be adopted in rural Gansu. -
Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China prototypical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862. -
Journey to Dunhuang: Buddhist Art of the Silk Road Caves
The Newsletter | No.73 | Spring 2016 56 | The Portrait Journey to Dunhuang: Buddhist art of the Silk Road caves During World War II, James C. M. Lo (1902–1987), a photojournalist for the Central News Agency, and his wife Lucy 劉氏·羅先 arrived at Dunhuang. James Lo had taken a year’s leave to photograph the Buddhist cave temples at Mogao and at nearby Yulin. Lucy was also a photographer, and together they made the arduous journey in 1943. They systematically produced over 2500 black and white photographs that record the caves as they were in the mid-20th century. FOONG Ping 1 2 Seattle Asian Art Museum, Foster Galleries 4 By the end of the Tang dynasty, the cliff face at Mogao was 5 March – 12 June 2016 completely covered with caves. Since no new caves could be Journey to Dunhuang is organized in cooperation opened, donors paid for existing ones to be redecorated and with the Princeton University Art Museum and – and infamous forger – Zhang Daqian (1899-1983), Fig 1 (above their portraits would sometimes be added to the cave walls. the P.Y. and Kinmay W. Tang Center for East Asian Art who was at Dunhuang repairing and making replicas of Mogao left): View of the Some Lo photographs document how walls were deeply scored murals. He helped the Los form their collection of manuscript Northern Mogao during renovations, in preparation for a new, smooth surface THE LO PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE is a feat of ingenuity, fragments and a few carry both their seals. For Zhang, Dunhuang Caves, Photograph of white gaolin clay; to James these scorings formed patterns of organization, and sheer courage. -
Non-Chinese Influences in Medieval Chinese Manuscript Culture
Non-Chinese Influences in Medieval Chinese Manuscript Culture Imre Galambos Introduction The Chinese script is among the most powerful symbols of Chinese culture, one of the key elements by which the people of China to this day define their national identity. I With a documented history of over three millennia, it lies at the core of the modern vision of historical continuity, and its significance in the formation of a coherent cultural narrative cannot be overstated. Paradoxically, the majority of written witnesses from the country's iconic and quintessentially "national" dynasties, the Tang and the Song, come from the northwestern peripheries of the Chinese domain, from sites such as Dunhuang, Turfan and Khara-khoto. Perhaps the biggest sensation of all was the discovery of the Dunhuang manuscripts at the beginning of the twentieth century in a sealed-off library cave at the Mogao site about 30 km from the city of Dunhuang. Part of their fame was due to the fact that the manuscripts were subsequently utilised in the nationalist movement of the late I920s. Shortly after the discovery of the cave library, the main bulk of the material was purchased by foreign explorers and shipped out of the country, causing leading Chinese intellectuals to join forces in a publicity campaign to prevent the export of cultural artifacts. Partly as a result of this campaign, many artifacts discovered or excavated during the first decades of the century gradually acquired the status of national treasures, with the Dunhuang manuscripts at the top of the list.' The largest collection of Dunhuang manuscripts was assembled by Aurel Stein on two subsequent visits to the cave library in 1907 and 1913. -
Medieval China's Buddhist Monasteries, Regardless of Size, Were
foreign gifts to buddhist monasteries rong xinjiang Khotanese Felt and Sogdian Silver: Foreign Gifts to Buddhist Monasteries in Ninth- and Tenth-Century Dunhuang INTRODUCTION edieval China’s Buddhist monasteries, regardless of size, were M |frequently the cultural centers of a given region. Large monas- teries in the Tang capital of Chang’an, such as Hongfu Monastery ؖ ʳduring theڝduring the reign of Taizong, Cien Monastery ს ڝ壂 -ʳduring the reign of emڝreign of Gaozong, Taiyuan Monastery ֜ during the reign of ڝpress Wu, and Da Xingshan Monastery Օᘋ Xuanzong were all cultural centers in the capital. The same holds true -ʳwas a culڝin the Dunhuang region, where Longxing Monastery ᚊᘋ and Sanjie Monastery Կ ,ڠޥ tural center within the city of Shazhou in front of the Mogao Caves ๕ᆌ was a cultural center for the ڝ area outside of the city. Monasteries such as these housed visiting li- terati and erudite monks versed in Buddhist doctrine; they also kept Buddhist, Confucian, and Daoist scriptures as well as literary writings. Since the official government schools remained weak in scope and in- fluence, Buddhist monasteries shouldered the burden of providing basic Confucian instruction.1 They also, to varying degrees, preserved mate- rial wealth in the form of gold and silver utensils, silk banners, paint- ings, murals, images, textiles, and dyes. In short, in medieval times the Buddhist monastery was both a nursery for spiritual cultivation and a repository of material culture. An earlier version of this article appeared in Chinese as “Yutian huazhan yu Sute yin pan, ೃऱڝjiu shi shiji Dunhuang siyuan de wailai gongyang” Պᠤक़ᛋፖᎬᒌԼધཉᅇ ೃತ༄ڝ ؆ࠐࠎ塄, in Hu Suxin ైᤲ (Sarah E. -
The Silk Roads As a Model for Exploring Eurasian Transmissions of Medical Knowledge
Chapter 3 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE The Silk Roads as a Model for provided by Goldsmiths Research Online Exploring Eurasian Transmissions of Medical Knowledge Views from the Tibetan Medical Manuscripts of Dunhuang Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim At the beginning of the twentieth century, Wang Yuanlu, a Daoist monk in the western frontiers of China accidentally discovered a cave full of manu- scripts near the Chinese town of Dunhuang in Gansu province. The cave, which had been sealed for nearly a thousand years, contained several tons of manuscripts. This cave, now known as Cave 17 or the “library cave,” was sealed in the early eleventh century for reasons that are still being debated by scholars.1 Following this discovery, a race began between the great nations of the time, to acquire as many manuscripts as possible. Today these manuscripts are dispersed among libraries in Paris, London, St. Petersburg, Tokyo, Bei- jing, and elsewhere and are currently being united on the Internet as part of the International Dunhuang Project, based at the British Library.2 The Dunhuang manuscripts are of enormous significance for Buddhist, Central Asian, and Chinese history. Their significance for the history of sci- ence and the history of medicine has only recently begun to be explored in European scholarship by Vivienne Lo, Chris Cullen, Catherine Despeux, Chen Ming, and others.3 Observed in their overall context, the Dunhuang manuscripts are a bit like a time capsule, providing traces of what medicine was like “on the ground,” away from the main cultural centers, at this particu- lar geographical location. -
Day 1: Chang'an to Dunhuang from China, Travelers Would Set out From
Day 1: Chang’an to Dunhuang From China, travelers would set out from the great walled city of Ch’ang-an, for many centuries China’s first or second city. Westerners today know this city best for the remarkable army of full-sized terra cotta statues discovered in 1974 in the tomb of the first emperor. Already by 210 B.C.E., Ch’ang-an was a large capital city, and by the seventh century C.E. it would have an estimated two million people living in its borders. Ch’ang-an was the main market city for Western trade, a true cosmopolitan city where Easterners and Westerners came together to sell the silk, gems, glass, metalwork, perfumes, spices, tea, and other desirables they had. Leaving Ch’ang-an from the West Gate, your caravan will soon find itself in the Wei River Valley. Heading toward inner Asia, your group will follow the Wei River westward out of Ch’ang for some 250 to 300 miles. Here, in about 300 B.C.E., the Chinese built an early version of the Great Wall, at which was the outer limits of their dominion. This part of the route was known as the Imperial Highway, and was well maintained and safe for travelers. The road was hardened or even paved, suitable for wheeled vehicles, and routinely patrolled by Chinese officials. From the valley of the upper Wei, your caravan will cut slightly northwest through more forested, hilly terrain and come to the Huang (Yellow) River, just before it makes a great loop. -
The Tribute Trade with Khotan in Light of Materials Found at the Dunhuang Library Cave
The Tribute Trade with Khotan in Light of Materials Found at the Dunhuang Library Cave V ALERIE HANSEN yale university, new haven Historians have long been interested in the Chi- one jade tablet and one box.”3 This is but one of nese tributary system because of its importance a dozen instances on which Khotanese envoys to understanding China’s relations with other brought tribute to the Chinese between 938 and countries—both in the past and today. Many of 1009.4 In each case, the Chinese sources record today’s intractable foreign policy issues had their the date, the name of the country presenting trib- roots in the tribute system. One has only to think ute, the item presented, and occasionally the of Tibet—was it a part of China during the Qing name of the emissary heading the delegation. dynasty? independent? something in between?— None of these sources, though, records how the to grasp the importance of the topic. participants viewed these exchanges. Nor do we Most studies of the tribute system have focused learn what they received in return for their gifts. on periods like the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) For this information, we must look to the Chi- when China was united and its weaker neigh- nese- and Khotanese-language documents pre- bors presented gifts to the emperor in the capital. served in the library cave of Dunhuang (cave 17 Northwest China in the ninth and tenth centu- according to the numbering in use today) and ries offers a promising comparison because the taken to the United Kingdom, France, and Russia Tang central government, ravaged by the costs of in the early years of the twentieth century. -
RESEARCH on CLOTHING of ANCIENT CHARACTERS in MURALS of DUNHUANG MOGAO GROTTOES and ARTWORKS of SUTRA CAVE LOST OVERSEAS Xia
Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.8, No. 1, pp.41-53, January 2020 Published by ECRTD-UK ISSN: 2052-6350(Print), ISSN: 2052-6369(Online) RESEARCH ON CLOTHING OF ANCIENT CHARACTERS IN MURALS OF DUNHUANG MOGAO GROTTOES AND ARTWORKS OF SUTRA CAVE LOST OVERSEAS Xia Sheng Ping Tunhuangology Information Center of Dunhuang Research Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT: At the beginning of the twentieth century (1900), the Sutra Cave of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang (presently numbered Cave 17) was discovered by accident. This cave contained tens of thousands of scriptures, artworks, and silk paintings, and became one of the four major archeological discoveries of modern China. The discovery of these texts, artworks, and silk paintings in Dunhuang shook across China and around the world. After the discovery of Dunhuang’s Sutra Cave, expeditions from all over the world flocked to Dunhuang to acquire tens of thousands of ancient manuscripts, silk paintings, embroidery, and other artworks that had been preserved in the Sutra Cave, as well as artifacts from other caves such as murals, clay sculptures, and woodcarvings, causing a significant volume of Dunhuang’s cultural relics to become lost overseas. The emergent field of Tunhuangology, the study of Dunhuang artifacts, has been entirely based on the century-old discovery of the Sutra Cave in Dunhuang’s Mogao Grottoes and the texts and murals unearthed there. However, the dress and clothing of the figures in these lost artworks and cultural relics has not attracted sufficient attention from academic experts. -
Detecting Historical Vegetation Changes in the Dunhuang Oasis Protected Area Using Landsat Images
sustainability Article Detecting Historical Vegetation Changes in the Dunhuang Oasis Protected Area Using Landsat Images Xiuxia Zhang 1,2 and Yaowen Xie 1,3,* 1 College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] 2 School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, No. 287, Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, China 3 Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 July 2017; Accepted: 28 September 2017; Published: 30 September 2017 Abstract: Given its proximity to an artificial oasis, the Donghu Nature Reserve in the Dunhuang Oasis has faced environmental pressure and vegetation disturbances in recent decades. Satellite vegetation indices (VIs) can be used to detect such changes in vegetation if the satellite images are calibrated to surface reflectance (SR) values. The aim of this study was to select a suitable VI based on the Landsat Climate Data Record (CDR) products and the absolute radiation-corrected results of Landsat L1T images to detect the spatio-temporal changes in vegetation for the Donghu Reserve during 1986–2015. The results showed that the VI difference (DVI) images effectively reduced the changes in the source images. Compared with the other VIs, the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) displayed greater robustness to atmospheric effects in the two types of SR images and was more responsive to vegetation changes caused by human factors. From 1986 to 2015, the positive changes in vegetation dominated the overall change trend, with changes in vegetation in the reserve decreasing during 1990–1995, increasing until 2005–2010, and then decreasing again.