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London Mayor: Boris Johnson, Ken Livingstone and Brian Paddick

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London Mayor: Boris Johnson, Ken Livingstone and Brian Paddick London’s next Mayor: who is the greenest candidate? The environment in general and climate change in particular, will be a major challenge for London‟s next Mayor. This will require real leadership and action, not just talk. Londoners need a Mayor who will deal with everyday concerns of housing, transport and waste and who will lead London to become a world leading sustainable city. Friends of the Earth has analysed the election manifestos of the three front runners for London Mayor: Boris Johnson, Ken Livingstone and Brian Paddick. We have particularly assessed the candidates‟ views on the key issues of environment, economy, transport and housing. The candidates‟ own words (shown in „quote marks‟) are used in our analysis, along with our own commentary in places. Friends of the Earth is non-party political and independent. We work with all parties to make the environment and sustainable development central to decision making, public policy and business conduct. When political parties adopt adequate policy and turn this into suitable action we applaud and when they fail to do this we criticise. Friends of the Earth’s 2008 election asks: London must take a lead on tackling climate change Commit to high savings in the amount of carbon dioxide London produces by helping us all to change the way we use energy and resources in our homes, at work and in the use of transport. The world‟s top scientists say we must start reducing emissions by at least 80 per cent by 2050. London‟s Climate Change Action Plan has put it at the head of cities taking the issue seriously. Clear and comprehensive plans to save energy in London homes and buildings and to use far cleaner, renewable energy technologies. A thriving low-carbon sustainable economy Start developing London as a low-carbon and sustainable economy. Gaps between the better off and the most disadvantaged people and areas must be reduced, and wealth produced with far less environmental damage and better use of limited resources. Transport for a sustainable city Say “no” to proposals to expand London airports, and reduce the impact of existing operations and growth. Tackle road traffic, congestion, carbon emissions, air pollution and other effects both in central London and across the whole of the capital. Advance ‘environmental rights’ in London Introduce an Environmental Justice Code giving Londoners proper rights to participate in environmental decision-making which affects them. There are 9 candidates standing for Mayor of London: Richard Barnbrook (British National Party) Gerard Batten (UK Independence Party) Sian Berry (Green Party) Alan Craig (Christian People‟s Alliance) Lindsey German (The Left List) Boris Johnson (Conservative Party) Ken Livingstone (Labour Party) Winston McKenzie (Independent) Brian Paddick (Liberal Democrat Party) Matt O‟ Connor (The English Democrats) has withdrawn his candidacy. Boris Johnson, Conservative candidate Boris Johnson wants to: „take action to make London the greenest city in the world‟ and make a „cleaner and greener London‟ with „improvement of our local open spaces a top priority‟. He focuses on the quality of local environments, streets, parks and spaces and wants to „make London a pleasant and safe place to live, by nurturing and protecting the public spaces that bind us all together.‟ He says he has „hardened‟ his view on climate change in the light of scientific evidence. He says „London needs to set an example to the world as a sustainable, green city.‟ To do this he will „emphasise the importance of keeping environmental issues at the forefront of decision making and ensuring coherent approach across all areas of policy.‟ Best Big solutions: these would make a real difference Keeping the current Mayor’s ‘challenging’ policy to tackle London’s contribution to climate change with a 60% cut in carbon dioxide emissions by 2025. Requiring all new homes, whether built by housing associations or by private developers, to meet quality housing standards set by the Government’s Code for Sustainable Homes. ‘It is crucial that we improve the energy efficiency performance of London’s existing domestic properties’ with Council Tax rebates to persuade homeowners to better insulate their homes. We also like… His opposition to expansion of Heathrow airport (along with the other main mayoral candidates). In his manifesto Boris exposes the claimed economic benefits made for expansion and the „sleights of hand‟ by the Government and supporters of more expansion over the noise and air pollution effects a third Heathrow runway would bring. Ensuring that ‘no development takes places on green belt and Metropolitan Open Land’. We think this should also include any land waiting to be fully designated as MOL. Ending the ‘garden grab’ by protecting back gardens ‘from being lost to new development’ and writing into the Mayor’s London Plan a ‘presumption against residential development on domestic gardens’. Boris makes a thoughtful case for the role of gardens in absorbing rainwater, reducing flood risk, supporting wildlife and in countering the „heat island effect‟ caused by the concentration of much built development. Plans to ‘Revive rundown parks and gardens’ with a £6 million Priority Parks Programme to ‘maximise the health and environmental benefits they bring by improving their safe use’. Trialling a new service of orbital express bus routes for outer London to provide an attractive alternative to car use between key locations in south London. Introducing LiveBus, a scheme to help Londoners to plan their trips with all bus stops served with electronic information boards saying when the next bus is due. Converting London’s bus fleet to less carbon-intensive hybrid engines, when possible. Sounds good but needs more work Reforming the congestion charge to be far more effective by moving ‘to a flexible pricing system so we can effectively target the worst congestion’. We have always said the Congestion Charge is a blunt instrument to be refined over time in response to changes in travel patterns and how well it encourages drivers to think more about their travel choices in central London. Johnson‟s design changes should address the fact that congestion is not confined to the central zone. Keeping the Low Emission Zone because he is ‘passionately committed to improving London’s air quality’ and says ‘the Low Emission Zone is a step in the right direction.’ As Mayor, Johnson would need to show that his policies to speed up road traffic would not lead to a worsening of London‟s air quality. £1million a year…to ‘plant 10,000 street trees’ particularly in deprived areas. As with Brian Paddick‟s manifesto, on the surface this sounds very good. He makes a good case for the role of trees in creating attractive local environments, absorbing traffic noise, providing shade and a cooling effect. Will the trees be native species? How will they be cared for? ‘Make recycling easier and more convenient through innovative approaches, such as paying Londoners to recycle’. He refers to RecycleBank, a USA scheme rewarding high recycling with tokens to spend at shops such as Starbucks, IKEA and Timberland. A London scheme should be based on new ways to reward people instead of adding to consumer culture and creation of more waste. The scheme should be linked to Johnson‟s other plans to create incentives to improve home insulation or to enjoy London‟s cultural events and venues. ‘We must see a fundamental shift towards micro-generation and decentralised energy technology. We will strive to ensure that London is a world leader in renewable and new energy technology.’ This fine aspiration is not backed up with any firm policies by, for example, extending existing policies in the London Plan which require developments over a certain size to generate a proportion of their own energy needs from on-site clean, renewable energy sources. ‘Getting more Londoners walking and cycling…determined to see many more Londoners cycling…so we will make it safer and more convenient to cycle’. Fine aims not backed by clear policies to deliver this especially dealing with safety and driver behaviour. Central London cycle hire scheme but no proposal for similar schemes beyond the centre. Opposing current plans for the Thames Gateway road Bridge ‘in its present form’ although he does not rule out a new road crossing and needs to set our more clearly how he would help regenerate the area without adding to road traffic and pollution. Gimmick or wrong focus? We disagree with… His plan to re-phase traffic lights as the way to cut traffic congestion, to make bus services more reliable and help deal with climate emissions from road traffic. The real issues are that: - The weight of traffic trying the use London‟s roads as recognised by Johnson‟s transport manifesto: „our roads are some of the most intensively used in Europe‟ - Road traffic is growing across London and is not just a central London issue - Other road traffic is the major cause of delays to buses - Traffic lights are as much for safety of people walking as for controlling traffic - Above certain speeds vehicles use more fuel and pollute more We doubt that re-phasing traffic lights will be enough to dramatically cut emissions from London‟s road traffic, a key source of climate change gases. Although Johnson says speeding up traffic will improve bus services his manifesto contains no measures to give buses more priority. This is despite promises of „fresh thinking to relieve congestion on public transport‟ and his vision of „buses that can compete with the very best in the world – for speed, reliability, quality of journey….‟ Scrap the proposed climate change related congestion charge aimed at ‘gas guzzling’ vehicles. Boris should let the proposed £25 scheme proceed.
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