Use of Predatory Earwigs to Suppress Asian Corn Borer
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Practical Plant protection F F T C Technology PT2005-4 Use of predatory earwigs to suppress Asian corn borer nsect pest infestation is one of the yield-reducing which has been comprehensively studied, particularly its Ifactors in corn production. There are more than 50 biology, predatory consumption, and field abundance species of insects recorded feeding on corn and (Fig. 2). attacking at all growth stages of the plants. It is therefore necessary for corn growers to be able to Effectiveness recognize at least the more important insect pests for them to decide on the appropriate management to Researchers of the University of the Philippines Los reduce the pest population below damaging levels. Baños (UPLB) used different release regimens at one One of the most destructive pests of corn is the earwig per square meter, in tandem with detasseling or Asian corn borer (ACB) (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee). microbial application, to test the effectiveness of earwigs Control of ACB is a major concern of corn growers, in suppressing ACB infestation. most especially sweet corn growers. ACB infestation The augmentative releases of earwigs (Fig. 3) reduces potential yield by an average of 52%. effectively controlled the ACB infestation in corn. In One major control strategy is to apply chemical both small- and large-scale field evaluations of green insecticides. However, the continuous application of corn varieties, the interventions of earwig releases insecticides has resulted in insect resistance, hence, increased the corn yield by as high as 40%. With the use the need to identify potential natural enemies as of earwigs, cost of production was reduced by 8% and control measures. Among the natural enemies of ACB 10% in open-pollinated varities (OPV) and green corn, is the predatory earwig (Euborellia annulata) (Fig. 1), respectively. Fig. 1. Earwigs Cooperating agency for this topic: Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC) 5F, 14 Wenchow St., Taipei 106, Taiwan ROC Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Tel.: (886 2) 2362 6239 Fax: (886 2) 2362 0478 Resources Research and Development E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fftc.agnet.org Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 4030 FFTC: An international information center for Fax: (63 49) 536-0016 small-scale farmers in Asia E-mail: [email protected] For the green corn 'Asukar,' earwig release 2. Release reared third and fourth instar and adult increased farmers' net income by 69% over that of the earwigs at the rate of one earwig per square meter, controls, and by 59% when using insecticide. For the usually in late afternoon. 'Lagkitan' variety, increases in net income by 87% and 3. Walk across the rows and place one earwig into 61% were obtained over the untreated control and the growing point of every fourth plant (hill) complete reliance on insecticides, respectively. From along the row, zigzagging through the length of the reduced or non-application of insecticides, savings the row and back to the starting point until 50 of P200 and P600 (US$1 = P56), respectively, were earwigs (for small-scale trial) are released into a realized per hectare. 50-m2 lot. 4. Follow the same distribution pattern for large- Steps in rearing and releasing earwigs into scale trials, releasing 250 earwigs into a 250-m the field plot. 1. Mass-rear predatory earwigs in an artificial diet of 1:1 combination of dog food and ground corn cob. Fig. 2. An earwig destroying an ACB Fig. 3. An earwig being released on a corn plant.