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Euborellia Annulata Fabricus) Terhadap Penggerek Tongkol Jagung (Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner)

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Euborellia Annulata Fabricus) Terhadap Penggerek Tongkol Jagung (Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner) Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, 2010 ISBN : 978-979-8940-29-3 Kemampuan Memangsa Cecopet (Euborellia annulata Fabricus) terhadap Penggerek Tongkol Jagung (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) A.M Adnan dan Handayani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan Jl. Dr. Ratulangi no. 274. Telp 0411 371 529, Fax 0411 371961 email: [email protected] Abstrak Kemampuan Memangsa Cecopet (Euborellia annulata Fabricus) (Dermaptera : Anisollabididae) Terhadap Penggerek Tongkol Jagung (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Penelitian ini betujuan untuk melihat tingkat predasi E. annulata terhadap H. armigera. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal) Maros yang dilaksanakan mulai dari April sampai September 2008. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengumpulkan E. annulata dan H. armigera di sekitar pertanaman jagung, Kebun Percobaan Maros, Balitsereal, kemudian dilakukan perbanyakan dengan menggunakan wadah plastik yang berisi tanah dan pasir dengan perbandingan 3 : 1 kemudian diberi pakan berupa biskuit anjing (pedigree), untuk perbanyakan E. annulata dan untuk perbanyakan H. armigera menggunakan pakan berupa baby corn. Untuk pengamatan predasi dilakukan dengan cara memberi mangsa E. annulata masing- masing berupa telur, larva instar I dan larva instar II H. armigera secara terpisah. Parameter yang diamati adalah tigkat predasi dari masing-masing predator yang di uji. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 kali ulangan dan di amati selama 4 hari. Hasil observasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pada pengamatan predasi, stadia cecopet yang tingkat predasinya tertinggi terhadap telur, larva instar I dan instar II adalah cecopet imago betina. Stadia cecopet yang tingkat predasinya terendah terhadap larva instar I dan Larva instar II H. armigera adalah cecopet instar III, sedangkan tingkat predasi terendah terhadap telur H. armigera adalah cecopet instar IV. Kata kunci : Cecopet, penggerek tongkol jagung Pendahuluan an. Penggerek batang jagung Ostrinia furna- Jagung merupakan salah satu tanaman calis dan penggerek tongkol jagung Helico- pangan dunia yang terpenting setelah gandum verpa armigera merupakan hama utama pada dan padi, karena jagung merupakan sumber tanaman jagung. Sampai saat ini di Indonesia karbohidrat utama. Selain sebagai bahan ma- belum tersedia varietas jagung berproduksi kanan, permintaan industri pakan ternak te- tinggi yang tahan terhadap penggerek batang rus meningkat, begitu pula permintaan industi dan penggerek tongkol jagung. Jika terjadi lainnya yang menggunakan jagung sebagai serangan hama utama umumnya petani meng- bahan baku. Ketersediaan komoditas di dalam gunakan insektisida, Namun penggunaan in- negeri belum bisa mengimbangi kebutuhan sektisida menimbulkan dampak negatif seper- jagung secara nasional sehingga pemerintah ti timbulnya resurjensi dan resistensi serta masih harus mengimpor jagung dari beberapa barbagai dampak lingkungan lainnya. (Pab- negara produsen lain. (Sudjana, 1991) bage, 2000). Salah satu hambatan dalam mening- Sifat polifag yang dimiliki serangga ha- katkan produksi jagung di Indonesia adalah ma H. armigera dan belum tersedianya varie- adanya serangan hama dan penyakit tumbuh- tas yang tahan terhadap hama tersebut me- 380 Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, 2010 ISBN : 978-979-8940-29-3 nyebabkan peraktek pengendalian yang dila- tuk dikembangkan. Berdasarkan hasil peneli- kukan sampai saat ini masih tergantung pada tian yang telah di lakukan oleh Yasin, et. al. penggunaan insektisida. Pengendalian peng- (1999) mengemukakan bahwa E. annulata gerek tongkol jagung dengan insektisida ten- memiliki kemampuan yang cukup tinggi untuk tunya membawa dampak lingkungan yang sa- memangsa larva Ostrinia furnacalis. E. Annu- ngat merugikan disamping harganya yang lata juga dilaporkan banyak memangsa Ba- mahal. Untuk mengantisipasi dampak negatif ctrocera dorsalis pada tanaman cabai (Annie, insektisida terhadap lingkungan, maka perlu et al dalam Labiran, 2006). Kasma (2007) diusahakan pemanfaatan musuh alami serang- melakukan perbanyakan cecopet (E. annulata) ga hama yang tersedia di alam. (Pabbage, untuk mengamati biologi dan tingkat pemang- 2000). saannya terhadap penggerek batang jagung O. Salah satu metode pengendalian yang furnacalis dalam pengamatan ini diperoleh menjadi perhatian serius untuk pengendalian hasil bahwa tingkat pemangsaan tertinggi ter- hama adalah pengendalian hayati atau peng- dapat pada telur dan larva dari O. furnacalis. gunaan musuh alami. Penggunaan musuh Selanjutnya Nurindah dan Bindra (1988) me- alami untuk mengendalikan hama tidak mem- laporkan bahwa E. annulata juga dapat me- berikan dampak yang merugikan baik ter- mangsa telur dan larva H. armigera pada per- hadap manusia maupun lingkungan. Pengen- tanaman kapas. dalian hayati pada dasarnya adalah peman- Hasil penelitian tersebut diatas me- faatan dan penggunaan musuh alami untuk nyebutkan bahwa cecopet (E. annulata) ba- mengendalikan populasi hama yang merugi- nyak memangsa telur dan larva berbagai jenis kan. (Oka, 1995). Pengendalian hayati di latar hama. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka di- belakangi oleh pengetahuan dasar ekologi anggap perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk me- terutama teori tentang pengaturan populasi lihat preferensi dan kemampuan memangsa E. oleh pengendali alami dan keseimbangan eko- annulata terhadap telur dan larva H. armigera. sistem. Musuh alami yang terdiri dari para- sitoid, entomopatogen dan predator merupa- Bahan dan Metode kan pengendali populasi serangga yang efektif Tempat dan Waktu karena sifat pengaturannya yang tergantung Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Labora- kepadatan. (Untung, 1993). torium Hama, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serea- Predator merupakan organisme yang lia (Balitsereal) Maros, yang berlangsung pada hidup bebas dengan memakan atau memangsa bulan April sampai Agustus 2008. binatang lainnya. Pada prinsipnya predator yang baik harus menunjukkan kemampuan Bahan dan Alat memangsanya, menahan dan mempertahan- Bahan yang digunakan adalah serang- kan kepadatan mangsanya pada tingkat yang ga predator E. annulata, hama penggerek tidak menyebabkan kerusakan ekonomis tongkol H. armigera, biskuit anjing (pedigree), (Arifin, 2004). Penggunaan predator terhadap kertas label, tanah, pasir, baby corn, jagung, beberapa spesies hama memjadi penting un- air. 381 Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, 2010 ISBN : 978-979-8940-29-3 Alat yang digunakan adalah wadah bertelur dipindahkan ke wadah yang baru, pelastik, kain kasa, gunting, toples pelastik, kemudian setiap pergantian kulit, dipin- gelas pelastik, mortal, sprayer, kapas dan alat dahkan ke wadah yang berbeda untuk di- tulis menulis. gunakan dalam pengujian. Metode Pelaksanaan Perbanyakan telur dan larva penggerek tongkol jagung (Helicoverpa armigera) Persiapan Perbanyakan telur dan larva H. Ar- Pengumpulan E. annulata dan H. armigera migera pertama-tama dilakukan dengan cara E. annulata dan H. armigera dikum- mengumpulkan larva penggerek tongkol ja- pulkan dari lapangan yakni di pertanaman gung dari pertanaman jagung, kemudian larva Jagung, Kebun Percobaan Maros, Balitsereal yang terkumpul tersebut dipelihara dalam kemudian di bawa ke Laboratorium untuk di wadah plastik yang berdiameter 7 cm dan lakukan perbanyakan. tinggi 2 cm. Setiap wadah berisi 1 ekor larva. Larva ini diberi pakan berupa baby corn yang Persiapan pakan dipotong kecil hingga larva ini berubah Pakan yang digunakan untuk per- menjadi pupa. Pupa ini kemudian di kum- banyakan cecopet (E. annulata) adalah biskuit pulkan dan dipindahkan ke wadah pelastik anjing (pedigree). Bahan baku dari pakan ini yang baru. Setelah pupa menjadi ngengat, terdiri atas daging ayam, sapi dan domba, kemudian di pindahkan ke tempat peneluran semua vitamin dan mineral penting, serat berupa toples pelastik yang tingginya 27 cm sayuran, gandum, minyak sayur, pewarna, dan diameter 25 cm. Dalam wadah ini ke- protein nabati dan bumbu penyedap. Sebelum mudian di gantung kapas kecil yang terlebih digunakan sebagai pakan, pedigree terlebih dahulu telah dicelupkan ke larutan madu dahulu di haluskan dengan menggunakan sebagai pakan untuk ngengat, selain itu juga di mortal, sehingga lebih mudah di makan oleh E. beri potongan jambul jagung sebagai tempat annulata. Pakan yang digunakan untuk bertelur ngengat. perbanyakan H. armigera adalah baby corn yang dipotong-potong kecil (±5 cm) Pelaksanaan Kemampuan memangsa (Predasi) Perbanyakan Euborellia annulata E. annulata Imago cecopet E. annulata yang telah Tingkat pemangsaan Euborellia annulata diperoleh dari lapangan di masukkan ke terhadap telur Helicoverpa armigera dalam wadah plastik yang berukuran 27 x 34 x Tingkat pemangsaan E. annulata terhadap 7 cm yang terlebih dahulu telah diberikan telur H. armigera dilakukan dengan cara me- tanah dan pasir dengan perbandingan 3 : 1 masukkan masing-masing 1 ekor serangga uji setinggi 2 cm, kemudian di semprot air ke dalam wadah plastik kemudian di masuk- dengan menggunakan sprayer untuk menjaga kan pula telur H. armigera sebanyak 40 butir. kelembaban media. E. annulata di beri pakan Sebelum dilakukan pengamatan, serangga uji pedigree setiap hari. E. annulata yang baru 382 Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, 2010 ISBN : 978-979-8940-29-3 terlebih dahulu dipuasakan selama 24 jam. mudian di masukkan pula larva instar II H. Perlakuannya yaitu: armigera sebanyak 40 ekor. Sebelum dilaku- A1 = E. annulata instar III + 40 telur kan pengamatan, serangga uji terlebih dahulu H. armigera dipuasakan selama 24 jam. Perlakuannya
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