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Brotia Costula The Biological and Ecology Study of Brotia costula at Lam Liang Brook, Kong Ra District, Srinakarin District, Phatthalung Province, Thailand Natrawee Setthasuk, Natthanicha Samanchat, Supissara Bualoi Advisors: Hamwan Yockchawee Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya’s College Phatthalung 557 Khuhasawan Sub-District, Muang District, Phatthalung Province, Thailand 93000 Abstract depth (25.63a3.09 cm) and DO Of water (6.97-0.33 mg/L) Key Brotia costulas are freshwater snails arranged in the words: Brotia costula, Biology. Ecology, Lam Liang Brook Pacliychilidae family, were continuously decreasing. The project Introduction of biology and ecology of Brotia costulas at Lam Liang Brook, Phatthalung Province has an area on the east side Kong Ra District and Srinskarin District, Phatthalung Province to that connects to Songkhla Lake, the west side is Banthat studied about their morphology including width, length, mountain in Pa Bon district, Kong Ra district and Si perimeter, weight and environmental factors. In case of biology, Banpot district, has plentifully forest which is an plants, animals and physical factors such as soil analyzing, air temperature, water temperature, pH, water depth and DO or water important source of water for various rivers, such as were mentioned in each stations for analyzing the variation and Phraiwan Waterfall, Nora Waterfall, and Ton Waterfall, comparing the mean using DMRT, The study indicated that the which is an important tourist destination of Phatthalung Brotia costula is a rough single cover shellfish and it has dark Province, that area contributes agriculture to rubber brown color, There are parallel lines along the length of the body plantation and fruit plantation from observation of loops, and all 5 loops are connected to each other, The shell of organisms living in the watersheds found that there are Brotia costula is twisted in a right spiral style, the pointed spike diversity, such as shrimp, crab, fish of each species, is closed. The head and feet of the shell protrude though the shell opening, internal features are divided into 3 parts: the head, the especially in Lam Liang brook, which is the watershed in foot and the lump of organs. The maximum distribution of Brotia Kong Ra district, flows through Srinakarin district, costula was observed at night. AI the first station (8.33 0.88 Phatthalung district and out to Songkhla Lake where is individuals/m) found width (1.33 0.06 cm) length (2.73 = 0,17 an interesting life in decline and extinction is the Brotia cm) perimeter (2.59 = 0.19 cm) and weight (2.58 t 0.18 g). There (Brotia Costula), a freshwater shell belonging to the are 18 environmental factors (bamboo, fem, grass, Aleppo grass, Chedi clam family. (Pachychilidae) (Somsak Panha, elephant ear, great morinda, betel nut, rubber, mangos teen, 2014) The villagers like to consume it as food, such as coconut, rambutan, meisn, banana, spikelet, mushroom, morning glory, sugarcane, moss) and 7 animals (shrimp, crab, water curry, etc. Princess Ubolratana Rajakanya’s College strider, ant, chameleon, Asian giant toad). Physical environment Phatthalung school Provincial Administrative factors of soil texture found at the first station was silt soil Organization, offers teaching at the secondary school particles consist of silt soil (35,40%), air temperature (29.27=0. level 1-6 and at the level. High school students have 15 C), water temperature (28.03a0.15 CI, pH (7.15:0.01), water opened additional courses for the National Science Project, so the researcher thought of working on the shell 3. To study the internal organs, use a scalpel to cut the shells project, since asking friends in the school, they cover at the mouth of the shell, then slowly cut along the length realized that most of them did not know about the Brotia of the body. Studied the internal organs under a stereo microscope, collected images by taking photos from stereo coustula. However, as told by grandparents and local microscope and recording the results. wisdom in the community, the number of Brotia coustula Trial 1.2 : Study of Brotia costulas in each station is currently in decline and is on the verge of extinction, 1. Collected samples of Brotia costulas in the study and according to the IUCN (IUCN Red List of area of 3 stations from the table Threatened Specips or IUCN Red List or Red Data List) Station Structure of study areas 1 community forest (IUCN, 2010) Brotia coustula has been in the Union red 2 agricultural areas list for Conservation. Then the researchers studied the 3 houses area in the community biological and ecological of the Brotia coustula in Lam At 7.30-10.30 am. , in the area of 1 m2 with Quadrat. Liang brook , Kong Ra district and Srinakarin district, Three times are collected by the left, right and middle of Lam Liang Brook. While collecting the shells, researchers standing Phatthalung Province, to be used as a basis for the upstream. conservation 2. Count the number of shell, measure width and length Object of the shell with vernier calipers. Measure body circumference by 1. To study morphology of Brotia costulas in each station used the area that have the highest body circumference and 2. To study Brotia Costulas environment factors in each weight the shell. According to Completely Randomized Design stations (CPD) analyze the variance using the information to compare the Materials and Methods mean by Duncan’s New Multiply Range Test (DMRT) by SPSS Experiment 1 : To study morphology of Brotia costulas in each to observed the difference each station. station 3. Releasing the shells back to natural. Trial 1.1 : Morphology of the Brotia costula 4. Repeated the experiment number 1-3, but change the To study the external characteristics time to 18.30-21.30 pm. by using the original study area. 1. Collected samples of Brotia costulas in the study Experiment 2 : To study Brotia Costulas environment factors in area of 3 stations, which are the community forest, agricultural each stations areas and houses area in the community. Trail 2.1 : To study Brotia Costulas environment factors at day 2. Bought some Brotia costulas samples washed with time water thoroughly, absorbing with tissue paper then recorded their 1.Collect data of plants and animals in the areas each appearance. stations. To study the internal characteristics Trail 2.2 : To study Brotia Costulas environment factors at day 1. Prepared 150 cm3 of Lam Liang Brook, added 10 g and night time of menthol, then took the Brotia costulas from the external study 1. study soil texture each stations using shovel to scope soaked for 6 hours. the soil deep down 5 cm at the left, right and middle of Lam 2. Absorbed the Brotia costulas with tissue paper, then Liang Brook. Then collect soil samples to dry in the shade for 3 use the forceps to carefully pull the nail out. Absorbed water with days. After that bake it for 12 hours. Next sift the soil with sieve tissue paper from the internal organs then recording the internal size 1 , 0.5 and 0.063 mm. And weight the soil which get stuck organ characteristics. on the sieve to calculate percentage and mean. Finally compare it with Wentworth (Andrew and Sotheran, 2013) and record the Picture3 : Showing internal features of the B. costula organs a : result mentle b : egg c : ctenidium d : radula e : hepatopancreas f : 2. Measure air temperature and water temperature with stomach g : opening of gonaductus h : anus i : gonad thermometer 3. Measure pH of the water with pH meter 4. Measure the water depth with meter rule 5. Measure Do of water with DO meter Experiment result 1.2 : Brotia costulas in each station. 6. According to Completely Randomized Design (CPD) Table showing the distribution, width, length, body analyze the variance using the information from number 2-5 and circumference and weight of Brotia costula in each station on compare the mean by Duncan’s New Multiply Range Test daytime (Mean ± SE) (DMRT) by SPSS to observed the difference each station. Body Distribution Width Length Weight Station circumference 7. Retry the process from number 1-6 at night in the (shell/ ) (cm) (cm) (g) (cm) same area. 1 5.33±1.45a 1.37±0.07a 2.46±0.18a 2.87±0.17 a 2.67 ±0.21a Results/Finding 2 4.00±0.56ab 1.25±0.08a 2.33±0.30ab 2.37±0.25 ab 2.41±0.13 a 1.33±0.33b 0.52±0.13b 1.52±0.42 b 1.52±0.26 c b Summary of Experiment 1 3 0.90±0.27 Experiment result 1.1: Morphology of Brotia costulas Table showing the distribution, width, length, body External characteristics circumference and weight of Brotia costula in each station on night time (Mean ± SE) Water Temperature pH of Water depth Station temperature DO (°c) water (cm) (°c) a a a a Picture1 : Showing the characteristics of a B. costula 1 8.33±0.88 1.33±0.06 2.37±0.17 2.59±0.19 2.58 ±0.18a 2 6.33±0.67ab 1.17±0.07a 1.74±0.17b 1.77±0.18 b 2.08±0.15ab a : shell surface b : shell gag c : vertex d : boundary between 3 2.00±0.58c 0.67±0.10b 1.06±0.09 c 1.10±0.08 c 1.04±0.10 c loop e : final loop (Adapted from Suchart Uppatham et al., 1995) Summary of Experiment 2 Internal Characteristics Experiment result 2.1 : To study Brotia Costulas environment factors at day time Table showing the plants and animals in the areas that found Brotia costulas in each station Station Plants Animals Picture2 : Showing the internal characteristics of B.
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