Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol. 6, No. 4 419-422, 2013
http://dx.doi.org/10.7229/jkn.2013.6.4.00419
A New Record of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) from Korea
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Jin-Kyung Choi , Jong-Chul Jeong and Jong-Wook Lee
1Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Korea 2National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service, Namwon, 590-811, Korea
Abstract: Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912 is redescribed and illustrated based on a recently collected specimen in Korea. With a newly recorded species, P. comptipennis Enderlein, a total of six Korean aulacids are recognized: Aulacus salicius Sun and Sheng, 2007, Pristaulacus insularis Konishi, 1990, P. intermedius Uchida, 1932, P. kostylevi Alekseyev, 1986, P. jirisani Smith and Tripotin, 2011, and P. comptipennis Enderlein, 1912. A key to species of Korean Aulacidae is provided with, redescription and diagnostic characteristics of Pristaulacus
comptipennis.
Keywords: Aulacidae, Pristaulacus comptipennis, new record, Korea
of Yeungnam University (YNU, Gyeongsan, Korea). Also, for identification of Korean Aulacidae, type materials of some species were borrowed from NIBR. Images were obtained using a stereo microscope (Zeiss Stemi SV 11 Apo; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany). The key characters shown in the photographs were produced using a Delta imaging system (i-Delta 2.6; iMTechnology, Daejeon, Korea). The following abbreviations for biometric measurements and collection locality are used: A, antennal flagellomere; OOL, distance between posterior ocellus and eye; POL, distance between posterior ocelli; JN, Jeollanamdo.
Introduction
Family Aulacidae currently includes 244 extant species placed in two genera: Aulacus Jurine, 1807 with 76 species and Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 with 168 species. Members of this family are distributed in all zoogeographic regions except Antarctica (e.g. Benoit 1984; Lee & Turrisi 2008; Smith and Tripotin 2011; Turrisi and Smith 2011). The identity of the family had previously been elusive. Konishi (1990), Mason (1993) and Gauld (1995) recognized Aulacidae as a distinct family in superfamily Evanioidea while some authors (e.g. Rasnitsyn 1988) as a subfamily in Gasteruptiidae. Recently Jennings and Austin (2000) provided the results of cladistics analyses suggesting the monophyly of the family.
Systematic Accounts
Members of Aulacidae are koinobiont endophagous parasitoids of wood-boring Hymenoptera (Xiphydriidae) and Coleoptera (mostly Cerambycidae and Buprestidae) (Skinner & Thompson 1960; Whitfield 1998; Jennings & Austin 2004). In this study, we report a newly recognized species, Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912 from Korea. Redescription, illustrations of the species, and a key to species of Korean Aulacidae are provided.
Key to species of Korean Aulacidae (modified from Smith and Tripotin 2011)
1. Hind tarsal claws simple; occipital carina absent; hind coxa of female with ventro-apical lobe projecting; fore wing with long 2SR+M vein --------- Aulacus salicius
- Hind tarsal claws with 2-4 inner teeth; occipital carina present; hind coxa of female without ventro-apical lobe projecting; fore wing 2SR+M vein short or absent ------------------------------------------------------- 2
2. Occipital margin with a deep groove medially (Fig.
2B); fore wing with wide and irregular brown spots on basal part, below stigma and on apex (Fig. 2F) --------- -------------------------------- Pristaulacus comptipennis
- Occipital margin without a groove medially; fore wing hyaline or with only small dark spot basally ---------- 3
3. Occipital margin sharply indented medially (Smith and Tripotin 2011: 523, Fig. 9); fore wing with small
Materials and Methods
The specimens used for the present study were collected by sweeping, and deposited at the Animal Systematic Laboratory
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82-53-810-2376; Fax: +82-53-811-2376 E-mail: [email protected]
420 Jin-Kyung Choi, Jong-Chul Jeong and Jong-Wook Lee
Fig. 1. Pristaulacus comptipennis. A. Habitus in lateral view; B. Habitus in dorsal view.
dark spot below stigma --------- Pristaulacus insularis
- Occipital margin straight or slightly concave; fore wing completely hyaline or with large, broad dark band below stigma ---------------------------------------- 4
4. Wings completely hyaline; tarsal claws with 2 inner teeth; pronotum without projecting tooth anteriorly (Smith and Tripotin 2011: 527, Figs. 17, 18, and 22); occipital carina small ----------- Pristaulacus kostylevi
- Fore wing with broad, dark band under stigma, and usually with apex black; tarsal claws with 4 inner teeth; pronotum with or without projecting tooth anteriorly --------------------------------------------------- 5
5. Pronotum without projecting tooth anteriorly; fore wing with dark band below stigma extending about two-thirds width of wing and with small dark spot in basal half; occipital carina narrow, one fifth or less diameter of an ocellus ------------ Pristaulacus jirisani
- Pronotum with projecting tooth anteriorly; fore wing with short dark band below stigma, not more than half width of wing and without dark spot in basal half of wing; occipital carina broad, nearly half diameter of an ocellus --------------------- Pristaulacus intermedius
Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912 (Figs 1 and 2)
Korean name: 날개무늬어리호리벌 (New Korean name) Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912: 265; 1913:
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A New Record of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) from Korea 421
Fig. 2. Pristaulacus comptipennis. A. Head in lateral view; B. Head in dorsal view; C. Head in frontal view; D. Mesosoma in lateral view; E. Mesosoma in dorsal view; F. Wings; G. Hind coxa in ventral view; H. Hind tarsal claws. Scale bars=1 mm (F-G), 0.5 mm (A-E), 0.1 mm (H).
319, 326; Hedicke, 1939: 7; Konishi, 1990: 652; 1991: 564; Smith, 2001: 282; Turrisi, 2007: 28; Turrisi et al., 2009: 56; Turrisi and Smith, 2011: 14.
Head: In dorsal view, 1.33 times wider than long and shiny; occipital margin straight with wide and deep medial groove (Fig. 2B); temple well developed, 0.42 times shorter than eye length, strongly widened posteriorly, and weakly convex; occipital carina wide; POL:OOL=1.14; ocellar area 1.94 times wider than long; antenna length 0.78 times as long as fore wing length; A3 5.83 times longer than wide; A4 5.0 times longer than wide, and 0.94 times shorter than A3; A5 4.4 times longer than wide, and 0.79 times shorter than A3; following antenna flagellomeres progressively shorter, with apex rounded. Mesosoma: Notauli well developed (Fig. 2E); pronotum with anteriorly projecting tooth; mesoscutum rounded in lateral view; scutellum with transverse carina; propodeum with linear spiracle; fore wing without vein 2SR+M (Fig. 2F); hind coxa with fine sculpture and numerous transverse carinae, inner margin of hind coxa simple (Fig. 2G); trochanters shiny; hind basitarsus 12.0 times longer than wide, and 2.0 times longer than tarsomeres 2-5; hind tarsal claw with three well-developed teeth (Fig. 2H).
Material Examined. [Korea] 1 ♂ , JN, Yeosu, Dolsan,
Hyangilam, E127o47'57''N34o35'34'', 1.viii.2008, J.C. Jeong.
REDESCRIPTION.
Male. Body length: 13.2 mm; fore wing length: 9.0 mm. Color: Body mostly black except antennal flagellomeres blackish brown and scape yellowish brown (Fig. 2C); mandible extensively reddish brown, except base and apex blackish brown (Fig. 2C); fore tibia and tarsus brown; mid tibia and tarsus dark brown; wing mainly infuscate with veins and stigma dark brown; fore wing with wide brown spot below stigma and basal area (Fig. 2F); costal cell, basal cell, subbasal cell and subdiscal cell 2 with brown spots; hind wing slightly brown near base; metasoma mostly blackish with first tergite yellow apically, second tergite
- yellow basally (Fig. 1A).
- Metasoma: First metasomal segment elongate, moderately
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422 Jin-Kyung Choi, Jong-Chul Jeong and Jong-Wook Lee
Aulacidae and Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). In: Austin AD, Dowton M (eds) Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control, pp. 154-164. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
slender, 3.1 times longer than wide; first tergite polished and shiny; tergite 8 with very finely and moderately dense punctures, clasper of male genital capsule with apex obliquely truncated.
Jennings JT, Austin AD. 2004. Biology and host relationships of aulacid and gasteruptiid wasps (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea): a review. In: Rajmohana K, Sudheer K, Girish Kumar P, Santhosh S (eds) Perspectives on Biosystematics and Biodiversity, pp. 187-215. University of Calicut, Kerala, India.
Kieffer JJ. 1912. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidea, Evaniidae. Das
Tierreich. Verlag von R. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin 431 pp.
Konishi K. 1990. A revision of the Aulacidae of Japan (Hymenoptera,
Evanioidea). Japanese Journal of Entomology 58: 637-655.
Konishi K. 1991. New distributional and host records of
Pristaulacus comptipennis (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Aulacidae) from Okinawa-honto Is. Japanese Journal of Entomology 59: 564.
Female. Not examined (Body length: 14.2 mm; fore wing length: 10.5 mm; excerpted from Turrisi, 2007: 28). DISTRIBUTION. Korea (new record), China, Japan, Taiwan. HOST. Ceresium elongatum Matsushita, 1993 (Coleoptera; Cerambycidae) (Konishi, 1991). REMARKS. This species is recorded for the first time from Korean insect fauna. It is easily distinguished from other Korean Aulacidae by the presence of a deep median occipital groove.
Lee JW, Turrisi GF. 2008. First record of the family Aulacidae in
Korea (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Entomological Research 38: 114-118.
Acknowledgments
Mason WRM. 1993. Superfamilies Evanioidea, Stephanioidea,
Megalyroidea, and Trigonalyoidea. In: Goulet H, Huber JT (eds) Hymenoptera of the world: An Identification Guide to Families, 11, pp. 510-520. Publ. 1894/E. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa.
Skinner ER, Thompson GH. 1960. Film: The Alder Woodwasp and its Insect Enemies. World Educational Films.
Smith DR. 2001. World catalog of the family Aulacidae
(Hymenoptera). Contributions on Entomology., International 4(3): 261-319.
Smith DR, Tripotin P. 2011. Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) of Korea, with notes on their biology. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113(4): 519-530.
Turrisi GF. 2007. Revesion of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus
Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Zootaxa 1433: 1- 76.
Turrisi GF, Jennings JT, Vilhelmsen L. 2009. Phylogeny and generic concepts of the parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea). Invertebrate Systematics 23: 27-59.
Turrisi GF, Smith DR. 2011. Systematic revision and phylogeny of the endemic southeastern Asian Pristaulacus comptipennis species group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Zootaxa 2959:1- 72.
Uchida T. 1932. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Japonischen Aulaciden
(Hym.). Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 12: 189-193.
Whitfield JB. 1998. Phylogeny and evolution of host-parasitoid interactions in Hymenoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 43: 129-151.
We thank Pierre Tripotin (Mont Saint-Aignan, France) for providing us with the material and references for study and Dr. David R. Smith (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA) for his kind help in the identification. Also, we thank Dr. Choi Won Young (National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon Korea) for providing type specimens used in this study. This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR No. 2013-02-001).
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Received: 4. Sep 2013 Revised: 9. Nov. 2013 Accepted: 11. Nov. 2013
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