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Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking 1992: EPA Report: Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: INCREASING EVIDENCE Lung Cancer and Other Disorders

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Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking 1992: EPA Report: Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: INCREASING EVIDENCE Lung Cancer and Other Disorders CIGARETTES: CHRONOLOGY OF DECEPTION HEALTH EFFECTS OFTEN CANNOT 1986: US Surgeon General’s Report: BE DETERMINED UNTIL 20-30 The health consequences of involuntary smoking YEARS AFTER USE STARTS…. SCIENCE RESEARCH 1962: US Surgeon General’s Report 2004: IARC Monograph: 1964: Report of the Royal College of Physicians Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking 1992: EPA report: Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: INCREASING EVIDENCE Lung cancer and other disorders. THAT CIGARETTE SMOKING CAUSES Lung cancerHeart disease, other cancers, Lung cancer & other respiratory diseases…. diseases in non-smokers 1939 1960 1980 2000 2020 TOBACCO COMPANIES’ FILTERS LOW TAR, LIGHT POTENTIALLY REDUCED EMISSION & MILD CIGARETTES PRODUCTS (PREPs) RESPONSE Deadly Deadly Deadly Proven Proven OVEN UNTIL OTHERWISE PR SMOKERS CHOOSE 100 100 80 what they think are 75 «safer» cigarettes 60 50 40 20 25 0 0 1950 1975 1965 1970 1980 1990 2000 Tobacco: % with fi lters* % with «light» & «ultralight»* DECEPTION «The ‘safer’ cigarette «The smoker of a fi lter cigarette was «We have been taking note of public deadly in any form is in my view the key to getting as much…nicotine and tar as health concerns by developing «lighter» the industry’s future.» he would have gotten from a regular products, but we cannot promote these cigarette. He had abandoned the products as ‘safer’ cigarettes because we or disguise BAT, Smoking and Health Session, Chelworth, 1971, 28 May regular cigarette, however, on simply don’t have suffi cient understanding [L&D UK Ind 24] the ground of reduced risk to health.» of all the chemical processes to do so.» E. Pepples, B&W VP, 1976. (BAT,1997). T. Tuinstra, Speaking Up, Tobacco Reporter, * Kozlowski LT, Pillitteri JL. Beliefs about «Light» and «Ultra Light» cigarettes and efforts to change those beliefs: 1997, December, p30-32 an overview of early efforts and published research. Tobacco Control, 2001, 10(Suppl.1):i12-i16 Non-Combusted “oral” or “smokeless” tobacco products BIDIS AND KRETEKS conventional cigarettes with similar characteristics. > They are smaller and often handmade cigarettes, • These cigarettes are the dominant form found in Indonesia, and are now sold in other countries and > Smokeless tobacco products have been marketed, TYPES OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO predominantly used in the South-East Asian and Middle on the Internet. They are becoming more commonly sometimes aiming particularly at young people to Eastern regions. • chewing tobacco is shredded like short cut available and used worldwide. promote initiation of tobacco use. > They draw heavily on regional preferences for spices grass, intended to be chewed throughout the day as • Available evidence indicates that disease could be and herbs, using tobacco as a major, but not necessarily > They are now marketed more aggressively to cigarette desired. In the South-East Asian region, the tobacco is very similar to that for conventional cigarettes. the main, ingredient. smokers as an alternative in situations in which smoking often mixed with various chewable mixtures of herbs, is not allowed. spices, areca nut, betel leaf or paan. BIDIS • snuff is chopped into particles like large coffee • Bidis typically contain a few hundred milligrams of > In some regions of the world, the use of oral smokeless CIGARS grounds, moistened and used by holding between tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf. tobacco remains the dominant form of tobacco use. gum and cheek. • Exported bidis vary widely in their incorporation of > Cigars are rolls of tobacco wrapped > Oral non-combusted products are highly addictive • Swedish snus is a variant on snuff that is processed spices and flavourings. in tobacco leaf. Machine-manufactured and can cause cancer of the head, neck, throat and differently so that some variants must be kept • They are most commonly used in South-East Asian cigars, as well as some hand-rolled oesophagus, as well as many serious oral and dental refrigerated: it is typically more moist. countries: however, they are increasingly cigars, may be wrapped with paper conditions. • gutkha is a commercially manufactured oral smoke- exported as exotic and less harmful made from tobacco that is called less tobacco in India and the South-East Asia. The alternatives to conventional cigarettes. “reconstituted” or “sheet” tobacco. tobacco is mixed with a flavoured and sweetened dry • Bidi smoking is linked with oral cancer, > Cigars generally contain several mixture of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime and other an increased risk for cancer of the lung, times as much tobacco as cigarettes, but their size is condiments. In India, gutkha has attracted the younger stomach and oesophagus as well as much more variable. cardiovascular disease. generation and women, since it makes it easier for them > The use of cigars is widespread around the world. to chew tobacco without attracting social sanction. Quick factsheet of tobacco products Quick factsheet of tobacco products KRETEKS > Cigars do not even need to be lit to expose users to > Tobacco use, including smokeless tobacco, and ROLLS OF TOBACCO • Also known as clove cigarettes, they typically contain nicotine and other substances. Merely holding an unlit excessive alcohol consumption are prominent risk CIGARETTES, BIDIS AND KRETEKS, CIGARS, PIPES, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGA CIGARETTES, BIDIS AND KRETEKS, CIGARS, PIPES, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGA 40% cloves and 60% tobacco. cigar in the mouth exposes the user to tobacco and factors in oral cancer, being estimated to account for • Nicotine and other toxins might vary more widely its poisons. Cigar smoking causes cancer of the lung, about 90% of oral cancers. in kreteks than for commercially manufactured or oesophagus, larynx and oral cavity. Tobacco: Quick factsheet of tobacco products deadly in any form TOBACCO PRODUCTS of today Quick factsheet of tobacco products or disguise Rolls of tobacco mankind. When used as intended by their manufacturers, which are smoked they kill approximately one half of their users. CIGARETTES, BIDIS AND KRETEKS, CIGARS, PIPES, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGA RETTES, ROLL-YOUR-OWN (RYO) CIGARETTES, WATERPIPES (HOOKAHS, BHANGS, NARGHILES, SHISHAS) CIGARETTES > Despite decades of advertised innovation, extravagant claims, allusions to reduced risk and healthy imagery by > A cigarette is a small paper-wrapped cylinder of cured the tobacco industry, there is little evidence that smoking and shredded or cut tobacco leaves, rolled into a paper Other ways to smoke tobacco: pipes and waterpipes TOBACCO PRODUCTS of tomorrow fi ltered cigarettes, “lights and milds”, low tar or other tube. Ingredients in the fi nal cigarette generally include variants reduces the health risks of smoking cigarettes. not only tobacco, but many other products, such as PIPES WATERPIPES (HOOKAHS, BHANGS, “ORGANIC”, “NATURAL” AND The tobacco industry continues to develop new residual pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer, heavy metals, NARGHILES, SHISHAS) “ADDITIVE-FREE” CIGARETTES > The smoking pipe typically consists of a small bowl products, spending huge budgets on research arsenic, cyanide and other toxins. where the tobacco is placed and burned to be smoked > Waterpipes are made in a variety of designs in which > The terms “organic”, “natural” and “additive-free”, into what are known as “reduced-harm” products, > Tobacco smoke contains more than 4 000 chemicals, and a thin tube that ends in a mouthpiece. the smoke of the substance is passed through water all of which are still untested in their long-term when applied to cigarettes, do not have the same many of which are toxic and carcinogenic. > Pipe smoke tends to be more alkaline than cigarette (“bubbled”) before inhalation. health effects. meaning as for foods, since the most deadly ingredient > Cigarettes can be found worldwide and are among the smoke and thus does not need to be directly inhaled to > With the introduction of fl avoured tobacco, waterpipe is the tobacco itself and the by-products generated Any claims of harm reduction without solid most deadly and addictive products ever produced by sustain high levels of nicotine addiction. usage is increasing dramatically, especially among young when tobacco burns. epidemiogical data should be viewed with people not only in the South-East Asia and Middle East ROLL-YOUR-OWN (RYO) CIGARETTES > The pipe smoker and non-smokers may be exposed suspicion. to smoke equivalent to that of several cigarettes. regions, where they are already very popular, but globally > Materials sold for roll-your-own cigarettes are often on college campuses and elsewhere. Caution is needed with new products. All > Pipe smokers carry a substantially higher risk of advertised with claims that imply they are healthier, or at existing and new products put on to the diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary > Serious lung disease, cancer and other adverse least less harmful, than the materials used in commercial market must be regulated. disease, oral head and neck cancer, laryngeal cancer, health effects have been documented and linked with cigarette production. oesophageal cancer and lung cancer. The relative risk waterpipe smoking. > There are no data confi rming that this type of cigarette for lip and oral cancer associated with pipe smoking is > In addition to tobacco-related diseases, sharing is less toxic than commercially manufactured cigarettes. higher than for cigarette smoking. a waterpipe may increase the risk of transmission of > Some studies suggest that they may lead to higher tuberculosis and viruses such as herpes or hepatitis. levels of tar exposure on a cigarette-by-cigarette basis..
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