DOCSLIB.ORG

An Abstract of the Thesis Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Diane Zentgraf for the degree of Master of Science in Applied Anthropology presented on December 14, 2018. Title: Mid-Nineteenth Century Clay Smoking Pipes from Fort Hoskins (35BE15) and Fort Yamhill (35PO75), Oregon. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ David R. Brauner Over the past 42 years clay smoking pipes have been excavated from two U.S. army posts, Fort Hoskins (35BE15) and Fort Yamhill (35PO75) and curated at Oregon State University. These two forts were established in Western Oregon in 1856 and by 1866 both had been decommissioned. Numerous theses have focused on the lives of the men assigned to the forts, but none have focused on the clay pipe, a ubiquitous find at many historic sites. This simple object can often communicate information about human social, economic and status cultures. The military forts were restricted environments in which daily activities were restrained. One means in which someone could express their individuality was with a pipe. This thesis examines clay pipes and combines extensive archival research, journals of soldiers stationed at each fort, with comparison data of previous clay pipe research and consultation with experts in the field to help in their identification. The impact of smoking upon the health and psyche of the men within the military milieu of the forts is examined, as is consumer choice, availability of clay pipes and expressions of status. This thesis presents evidence to support definitive and tentative conclusions for the identification of clay pipe manufacturers and conjecture on consumer choice. ©Copyright by Diane Zentgraf December 14, 2018 CC BY-SA Mid-Nineteenth Century Clay Smoking Pipes from Fort Hoskins (35BE15) and Fort Yamhill (35PO75), Oregon by Diane Zentgraf A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented December 14, 2018 Commencement June 2019 Master of Science thesis of Diane Zentgraf presented on December 14, 2018 APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Applied Anthropology Director of the School of Language, Culture and Society Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. Diane Zentgraf, Author ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the many talented, kind and generous people who have helped me and provided me with much encouragement while working on this thesis. I especially would like to thank my major professor Dr. David Brauner for opening my eyes to the world of Historical Archaeology and learning that every small object has a story. To my husband, Bob, thank you for your patience and sacrifice, reading my numerous papers and for your support during the challenging long days and weekends through these past five years. To my children and their spouses, Megan and Keith, Jason and Kara, for your love, support and for listening to me talk about my projects. Thank you, Megan, for being my graphic designer for many projects. Thank you to my friend Doug Ruffier for editing my paper. I particularly want to thank my fellow graduate students for the advice, discussions, shoulders to lean upon, a drink here and there, and helping me in so many innumerable ways. Cayla Hill, thank you for your advice and helpful guidance. Thank you, Shane James, for all the teasing and joking, you made every day a better one. Thank you, Kim Johnson for listening to me and providing feedback. Denise Lucason, thank you for the treats and for your cheerfulness. Thank you, Maryanne Maddoux, you always made me laugh and having you in GIS with me made it more fun. The comradery that we all shared will never be forgotten and will always be cherished. I would especially like to thank Dr. Byron Sudbury for your excitement, enthusiasm and generous help and answering my many questions about clay pipes. Thank you also to J. Paul Jung for your encouragement, insight, generosity and helping me with clay pipes. I would also like to thank Ben Rapaport, and ‘across the pond’ Dr. David Higgins, Ruud Stam, Bert van der Lingen and Ewout Korpershoek for their kind help. Thank you to Dr. Leah Minc for your help in understanding ceramics, Dr. Elaine Pedersen for showing me the joy of human design and Dr. Jesse Ford for your enthusiasm for learning, and Marilyn Read for helping me to fall in love with bungalows. To Karen Mills, Leo Rianda, Aurora Terhune and Loretta Wardrip, thank you for being there and helping in so many ways. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 2. Chronology and Theoretical Perspective .......................................................................3 3. History of Smoking ........................................................................................................6 3.1. The History of Tobacco ..........................................................................................6 3.1.1. Consumption and Social Norms ...................................................................6 3.1.2. Use of Tobacco in the Military ...................................................................12 3.1.3. Physiological and Medical Aspects of Smoking ........................................14 4. The History of Fort Hoskins and Fort Yamhill ............................................................18 4.1. Natural Setting .....................................................................................................18 4.2. Military and Political Context ..............................................................................19 4.3. The Forts’ Soldiers ...............................................................................................21 4.4. Health in the Forts ................................................................................................23 5. Sutlers and Transportation of Merchandise .................................................................29 6. A Short History of Clay Pipes .....................................................................................33 6.1. Native American History of Clay Pipes ..............................................................33 6.2. The Dispersion of Clay Pipes ..............................................................................34 6.3. Raw Material for Clay Pipe Manufacture ............................................................35 7. Production ....................................................................................................................39 7.1. Terminology .........................................................................................................39 7.2. Production Techniques.........................................................................................40 7.3. Pipe Production in America .................................................................................43 7.4. Pipe Production in Austria ...................................................................................48 7.5. Pipe Production in Canada ...................................................................................50 7.6. Pipe Production in England and Scotland ............................................................51 7.7. Pipe Production in France ....................................................................................55 7.8. Pipe Production in Germany ................................................................................57 7.9. Pipe Production in The Netherlands ....................................................................59 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 8. Methods and Materials .................................................................................................62 9. The Pipe Assemblage from Fort Hoskins and Fort Yamhill ........................................70 9.1. Pipes from The United States of America ............................................................70 9.1.1. Pamplin, Virginia ........................................................................................70 9.1.2. Point Pleasant, Ohio ....................................................................................72 9.1.3. New Hampshire ..........................................................................................74 9.1.4. Unknown American Manufacturers .............................................................77 9.2. Pipes from Canada ................................................................................................82 9.3. Pipes from Europe.................................................................................................84 9.3.1. Austro-Hungarian .......................................................................................84 9.3.2. England/Scotland ........................................................................................86 9.3.3. France ..........................................................................................................87 9.3.4. Germany ....................................................................................................104 9.3.5. The Netherlands ........................................................................................114 9.4. Unknown Makers ................................................................................................119
Recommended publications
  • Federal Register/Vol. 82, No. 13/Monday, January 23, 2017/Proposed Rules

    Federal Register/Vol. 82, No. 13/Monday, January 23, 2017/Proposed Rules

    8004 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 13 / Monday, January 23, 2017 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND comment will be made public, you are www.regulations.gov. Submit both HUMAN SERVICES solely responsible for ensuring that your copies to the Division of Dockets comment does not include any Management. If you do not wish your Food and Drug Administration confidential information that you or a name and contact information to be third party may not wish to be posted, made publicly available, you can 21 CFR Part 1132 such as medical information, your or provide this information on the cover [Docket No. FDA–2016–N–2527] anyone else’s Social Security number, or sheet and not in the body of your confidential business information, such comments and you must identify this Tobacco Product Standard for N- as a manufacturing process. Please note information as ‘‘confidential.’’ Any Nitrosonornicotine Level in Finished that if you include your name, contact information marked as ‘‘confidential’’ Smokeless Tobacco Products information, or other information that will not be disclosed except in identifies you in the body of your accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, comments, that information will be applicable disclosure law. For more HHS. posted on http://www.regulations.gov. information about FDA’s posting of • ACTION: Proposed rule. If you want to submit a comment comments to public dockets, see 80 FR with confidential information that you 56469, September 18, 2015, or access SUMMARY: The Food and Drug do not wish to be made available to the the information at: http://www.fda.gov/ Administration (FDA) is proposing a public, submit the comment as a regulatoryinformation/dockets/ tobacco product standard that would written/paper submission and in the default.htm.
  • A Number of Pyridine Alkaloids Are Present in Tobacco Leaves

    A Number of Pyridine Alkaloids Are Present in Tobacco Leaves

    Agric. Biol. Chem., 43 (7), 1421•`1426, 1979 1421 Isolation of 1-(1•L-2•L S-Nornicotino)-1-deoxy- ,3-D-fructofuranose and Its Formation in Flue-curing Process of Tobacco Leaves Akira KOIWAI, Yoichi MIKAMI , Hajime MATSUSHITA and Takuro KISAKI Central Research Institute, the Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation , 6-2, Umegaoka, Midori-ku, Yokohama 227 , Japan Received November 10, 1978 1-(1•L-2•LS-Nornicotino)-1-deoxy-ƒÀ-D-fructofuranose was first isolated from flue-cured leaves of Cherry Red tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, cv. Bright Yellow. Its structure was established spectrometrically and synthetically. This substance was shown to be formed from nornicotine during flue-curing. Its smoking effect was mild. A number of pyridine alkaloids are present foods and flavor formation.3) Tomita et al.4) in tobacco leaves. In the courses of our have isolated Amadori rearrangement com phytochemical studies on tobacco alkaloids, pounds of several combination products of we have noticed the presence of a fairly large hexose and amino acids from cured tobacco quantity of an isatin-and BrCN-positive alka leaves. However, the complete structures of loid in the flue-cured leaves of Cherry Red these compounds have not been established. strain of Bright Yellow tobacco variety in In this study we isolated an Amadori rear which nornicotine is contained as a principal rangement compound of the combination pro alkaloid. Its presence has also been reported duct of nornicotine and glucose from Cherry for the cured tobacco leaves of DB 101 CR by Red tobacco leaves, physicochemically estab Stephens and Weybrew.1) Nornicotine type lished its structure, and examine its effect on tobacco is generally considered to be light but the smoking flavor.
  • The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking As a Shared and Social Practice

    The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking As a Shared and Social Practice

    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 6-20-2013 The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice Katie Ann Wynia Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wynia, Katie Ann, "The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1085. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1085 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson’s Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice by Katie Ann Wynia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Thesis Committee: Kenneth M. Ames, Chair Douglas C. Wilson Shelby Anderson Portland State University 2013 Abstract This thesis represents one of the first systematic, detailed spatial analyses of artifacts at the mid-19th century Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver Village site, and of clay tobacco pipe fragments in general.
  • An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley Ca

    An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley Ca

    University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 Community Formation and the Development of a British-Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. 1630-1730 Lauren Kathleen McMillan University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Lauren Kathleen McMillan entitled "Community Formation and the Development of a British-Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. 1630-1730." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Barbara J. Heath, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Gerald F. Schroedl, Elizabeth J. Kellar, Christopher P. Magra Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Community Formation and the Development of a British- Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca.
  • Other Tobacco Products (OTP) Are Products Including Smokeless and “Non-Cigarette” Materials

    Other Tobacco Products (OTP) Are Products Including Smokeless and “Non-Cigarette” Materials

    Other tobacco products (OTP) are products including smokeless and “non-cigarette” materials. For more information on smoking and how to quit using tobacco products, check out our page on tobacco. A tobacco user may actually absorb more nicotine from chewing tobacco or snuff than they do from a cigarette (Mayo Clinic). The health consequences of smokeless tobacco use include oral, throat and pancreatic cancer, tooth loss, gum disease and increased risk of heart disease, heart attack and stroke. (American Cancer Society, “Smokeless Tobacco” 2010) Smokeless tobacco products contain at least 28 cancer-causing agents. The risk of certain types of cancer increases with smokeless tobacco: Esophageal cancer, oral cancer (cancer of the mouth, throat, cheek, gums, lips, tongue). Other Tobacco Products (OTP) Include: Chewing/Spit Tobacco A smokeless tobacco product consumed by placing a portion of the tobacco between the cheek and gum or upper lip teeth and chewing. Must be manually crushed with the teeth to release flavor and nicotine. Spitting is required to get rid of the unwanted juices. Loose Tobacco Loose (pipe) tobacco is made of cured and dried leaves; often a mix of various types of leaves (including spiced leaves), with sweeteners and flavorings added to create an "aromatic" flavor. The tobacco used resembles cigarette tobacco, but is more moist and cut more coarsely. Pipe smoke is usually held in the mouth and then exhaled without inhaling into the lungs. Blunt Wraps Blunt wraps are hollowed out tobacco leaf to be filled by the consumer with tobacco (or other drugs) and comes in different flavors. Flavors are added to create aromas and flavors.
  • Frequency of Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014

    Frequency of Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014

    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Weekly / Vol. 64 / No. 38 October 2, 2015 Frequency of Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014 Linda J. Neff, PhD1; René A. Arrazola, MPH1; Ralph S. Caraballo, PhD1; Catherine G. Corey, MSPH2; Shanna Cox, MSPH1; Brian A. King, PhD1; Conrad J. Choiniere, PhD2; Corinne G. Husten, MD2 The use of tobacco products during adolescence increases evidence-based interventions to prevent and reduce all forms the risk for adverse health effects and lifelong nicotine addic- of tobacco use among youths (2). tion (1,2). In 2014, an estimated 4.6 million middle and high NYTS is a cross-sectional, school-based, pencil-and-paper school students were current users of any tobacco product, of questionnaire administered to U.S. middle school and high whom an estimated 2.2 million were current users of two or school students. Information is collected to monitor the more types of tobacco products (3). Symptoms of nicotine impact of comprehensive tobacco control policies and strate- dependence are increased for multiple tobacco product users gies and to inform FDA’s regulatory actions (6). A three-stage compared with single-product users (4,5). CDC and the Food cluster sampling procedure was used to generate a nation- and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2014 ally representative sample of U.S. students in grades 6–12 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to determine how who attend public and private schools. Of the 258 schools frequently (the number of days in the preceding 30 days) U.S. middle school (grades 6–8) and high school (grades 9–12) students used cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless INSIDE tobacco products.
  • Native Sons and Daughters Program Manual

    Native Sons and Daughters Program Manual

    NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS PROGRAMS® PROGRAM MANUAL National Longhouse, Ltd. National Longhouse, Ltd. 4141 Rockside Road Suite 150 Independence, OH 44131-2594 Copyright © 2007, 2014 National Longhouse, Ltd. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, now known or hereafter invented, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, xerography, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of National Longhouse, Ltd. Printed in the United States of America EDITORS: Edition 1 - Barry Yamaji National Longhouse, Native Sons And Daughters Programs, Native Dads And Sons, Native Moms And Sons, Native Moms And Daughters are registered trademarks of National Longhouse, Ltd. Native Dads And Daughters, Native Sons And Daughters, NS&D Pathfinders are servicemarks of National Longhouse TABLE of CONTENTS FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Why NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS® Programs? 2 What Are NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS® Programs? 4 Program Format History 4 Program Overview 10 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 15 Organizational Levels 16 Administrative Levels 17 National Longhouse, Ltd. 18 Regional Advisory Lodge 21 Local Longhouse 22 Nations 24 Tribes 25 CHAPTER 3: THE TRIBE 29 Preparing for a Tribe Meeting 30 Tribe Meetings 32 iii Table of Contents A Sample Tribe Meeting Procedure 34 Sample Closing Prayers 36 Tips for a Successful Meeting 37 The Parents' Meeting 38 CHAPTER 4: AWARDS, PATCHES, PROGRAM
  • A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster

    A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster

    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 9-14-2018 1:00 PM Guided by Smoke: A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster Shane McCartney The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Hodgetts, Lisa M. The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Anthropology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Shane McCartney 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation McCartney, Shane, "Guided by Smoke: A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5757. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5757 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This thesis undertakes a comparative analysis of ceramic and stone pipes recovered from eight archaeological sites located near present day Arkona, Ontario. Commonly known as the Arkona Cluster, these sites date to between A.D. 1000 and 1280 during the early Late Woodland Period and are thought to be part of a borderland region between distinct cultural groups known as the Western Basin Younge Phase and the Early Ontario Iroquoians. Using a combination of distribution and attribute data from each site’s pipe assemblage, I explore how the similarities and differences observed can be used to draw insights into the potential relations between the sites and how they relate to a larger regional context of identity formation, territorialization and intergroup interaction and exchange.
  • Carbohydrates—Key Players in Tobacco Aroma Formation and Quality Determination

    Carbohydrates—Key Players in Tobacco Aroma Formation and Quality Determination

    molecules Review Carbohydrates—Key Players in Tobacco Aroma Formation and Quality Determination Marija Banoži´c 1, Stela Joki´c 1,* , Đurđica Aˇckar 1 , Marijana Blaži´c 2 and Drago Šubari´c 1 1 Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaˇca20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (Đ.A.); [email protected] (D.Š.) 2 Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer Square 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-31-224-333 Received: 11 March 2020; Accepted: 9 April 2020; Published: 9 April 2020 Abstract: Carbohydrates are important compounds in natural products where they primarily serve as a source of energy, but they have important secondary roles as precursors of aroma or bioactive compounds. They are present in fresh and dried (cured) tobacco leaves as well. The sugar content of tobacco depends on the tobacco variety, harvesting, and primarily on the curing conditions (temperature, time and moisture). If the process of curing employs high temperatures (flue-curing and sun-curing), final sugar content is high. In contrast, when air curing has a lower temperature, at the end of the process, sugar level is low. Beside simple sugars, other carbohydrates reported in tobacco are oligosaccharides, cellulose, starch, and pectin. Degradation of polysaccharides results in a higher yield of simple sugars, but at the same time reduces sugars oxidization and transfer into carbon dioxide and water. Loss of sugar producers will compensate with added sugars, to cover undesirable aroma properties and achieve a better, pleasant taste during smoking.
  • The Only African Wild Tobacco, Nicotiana Africana: Alkaloid Content and the Effect of Herbivory

    The Only African Wild Tobacco, Nicotiana Africana: Alkaloid Content and the Effect of Herbivory

    The Only African Wild Tobacco, Nicotiana africana: Alkaloid Content and the Effect of Herbivory Danica Marlin1, Susan W. Nicolson1, Abdullahi A. Yusuf1, Philip C. Stevenson2,3, Heino M. Heyman4, Kerstin Kru¨ ger1* 1 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa, 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom, 3 Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa Abstract Herbivory in some Nicotiana species is known to induce alkaloid production. This study examined herbivore-induced defenses in the nornicotine-rich African tobacco N. africana, the only Nicotiana species indigenous to Africa. We tested the predictions that: 1) N. africana will have high constitutive levels of leaf, flower and nectar alkaloids; 2) leaf herbivory by the African bollworm Helicoverpa armigera will induce increased alkaloid levels in leaves, flowers and nectar; and 3) increased alkaloid concentrations in herbivore-damaged plants will negatively affect larval growth. We grew N. africana in large pots in a greenhouse and exposed flowering plants to densities of one, three and six fourth-instar larvae of H. armigera, for four days. Leaves, flowers and nectar were analyzed for nicotine, nornicotine and anabasine. The principal leaf alkaloid was nornicotine (mean: 28 mg/g dry mass) followed by anabasine (4.9 mg/g) and nicotine (0.6 mg/g). Nornicotine was found in low quantities in the flowers, but no nicotine or anabasine were recorded. The nectar contained none of the alkaloids measured. Larval growth was reduced when leaves of flowering plants were exposed to six larvae.
  • Smoking and Vascular Risk: Are All Forms of Smoking Harmful to All Types of Vascular Disease?

    Smoking and Vascular Risk: Are All Forms of Smoking Harmful to All Types of Vascular Disease?

    public health 127 (2013) 435e441 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Public Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/puhe Original Research Smoking and vascular risk: are all forms of smoking harmful to all types of vascular disease? N. Katsiki a,b, S.K. Papadopoulou c,d, A.I. Fachantidou d, D.P. Mikhailidis a,* a Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK b First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece c Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Institution of Thessaloniki, Greece d Department of Physical Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece article info abstract Article history: Smoking, both active and passive, is an established vascular risk factor. The present narrative Received 23 August 2011 review considers the effects of different forms of smoking (i.e. cannabis, cigar, pipe, smokeless Received in revised form tobacco and cigarette) on cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the impact of smoking on several 2 April 2012 vascular risk factors [e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia and haemo- Accepted 21 December 2012 stasis] and on vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral arterial Available online 28 February 2013 disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and carotid arterial disease, is discussed. The adverse effects of all forms of smoking and the interactions between smoking and Keywords: established vascular risk factors highlight the importance of smoking cessation in high- Smoking risk patients in terms of both primary and secondary vascular disease prevention.
  • The Clay Tobacco Pipe Collection from Hólar, Iceland

    The Clay Tobacco Pipe Collection from Hólar, Iceland

    Hugvísindasvið The clay tobacco pipe collection from Hólar, Iceland A case study Ritgerð til MA-prófs í fornleifafræði Aline Wacke Október 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Dr. Gavin M. Lucas, my research supervisor for his patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques of this work. I would also like to thank Ragnheiðar Traustadóttir, the manager of the Hólar research project, who gave me the possibility to practice on this material. She also offered assistance with the Intrasis database and pointed me to helpful literature. My grateful thanks is also extended to Dr. Torbjörn Brorsson for his help with the ICP analyses, the thin sections, the thermal experiments and all the long and fruitful discussions. I would like to thank Arne Åkerhagen for his assistance with the identification of the English clay pipes. Furthermore I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Natascha Mehler in pointing me in the right directions especially in the very beginning of this thesis and to Dr. Tara Carter who helped me stay on track. I am grateful for Priscilla Bjarnason for checking the English spelling. Finally I wish to thank my colleagues and friends Lísabet Guðmundsdóttir, Margrét Valmundsdóttir and Þuríður E. Harðardóttir for their help. 1 Index Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................................. 1 Index......................................................................................................................................................................